Extending the geopolitical supply risk indicator: Application of life cycle sustainability assessment to the petrochemical supply chain of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers

Journal of Cleaner Production

Volumn 137, Issue , 2016, Pages 1170-1178

  Helbig, Christoph ^a   Gemechu, Eskinder D ^b   Pillain, Baptiste ^b   Young, Steven B ^c   Thorenz, Andrea ^a   Tuma, Axel ^a   Sonnemann, Guido ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUGSBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Carbon fiber; Criticality assessment; Life cycle sustainability assessment; Political stability; Supply risk

Indexed keywords

CARBON FIBERS; COMMERCE; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; PETROCHEMICALS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUPPLY CHAINS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

CRITICALITY ASSESSMENT; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA); LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENTS; NATURAL RESOURCE IMPACTS; PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY; POLITICAL STABILITY; RISK MITIGATION STRATEGY; SUPPLY RISK;

LIFE CYCLE;

EID: 84990890406     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.214     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Barteková, E., Kemp, R., National strategies for securing a stable supply of rare earths in different world regions. Resour. Policy 49 (2016), 153–164, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.05.003.
2. Benoît, C., Norris, G.a, Valdivia, S., Ciroth, A., Moberg, A., Bos, U., Prakash, S., Ugaya, C., Beck, T., The guidelines for social life cycle assessment of products: just in time!. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 15 (2010), 156–163, 10.1007/s11367-009-0147-8.
3. BP, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2014. 2014.
4. Bradshaw, A.M., Reuter, B., Hamacher, T., The potential scarcity of rare elements for the energiewende. Green 3 (2013), 93–111, 10.1515/green-2013-0014.
5. Calkins, S., The new merger guidelines and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Calif. Law Rev., 71, 1983, 402, 10.2307/3480160.
6. Cespi, D., Passarini, F., Neri, E., Vassura, I., Ciacci, L., Cavani, F., Life Cycle Assessment comparison of two ways for acrylonitrile production: the SOHIO process and an alternative route using propane. J. Clean. Prod. 69 (2014), 17–25, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.057.
7. CIEC Promoting Science, Propene (Propylene). 2015 [WWW Document]. URL http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/chemicals/propene.html (accessed 30.6.15.).
8. Craig, J.R., Vaughan, D.J., Skinner, B.J., Resources of the Earth: Origin, Use, and Environmental Impact. fourth ed., 2011, Prentice Hall.
9. Dewulf, J., Benini, L., Mancini, L., Sala, S., Blengini, G.A., Ardente, F., Recchioni, M., Maes, J., Pant, R., Pennington, D., Rethinking the area of protection “natural resources” in life cycle assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2015), 5310–5317, 10.1021/acs.est.5b00734.
10. DOJ and FTC, Horizontal Merger Guidelines. 2010 [WWW Document]. URL http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/guidelines/hmg-2010.pdf.
11. Drielsma, J.A., Russell-Vaccari, A.J., Drnek, T., Brady, T., Weihed, P., Mistry, M., Simbor, L.P., Mineral resources in life cycle impact assessment—defining the path forward. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 21 (2016), 85–105, 10.1007/s11367-015-0991-7.
12. Duan, H., Wang, J., Liu, L., Huang, Q., Li, J., Rethinking China's strategic mineral policy on indium: implication for the flat screens and photovoltaic industries. Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 24 (2016), 83–93, 10.1002/pip.2654.
13. Gemechu, E.D., Helbig, C., Sonnemann, G., Thorenz, A., Tuma, A., Import-based indicator for the geopolitical supply risk of raw materials in life cycle sustainability assessments. J. Ind. Ecol. 20:1 (2015), 154–165, 10.1111/jiec.12279 n/a–n/a.
14. Gemechu, E.D., Sonnemann, G., Young, S.B., Geopolitical-related supply risk assessment as a complement to environmental impact assessment: the case of electric vehicles. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 2015, 10.1007/s11367-015-0917-4.
15. Graedel, T.E., Barr, R., Chandler, C., Chase, T., Choi, J., Christoffersen, L., Friedlander, E., Henly, C., Jun, C., Nassar, N.T., Schechner, D., Warren, S., Yang, M., Zhu, C., Methodology of metal criticality determination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 (2012), 1063–1070, 10.1021/es203534z.
16. Graedel, T.E., Reck, B.K., Six years of criticality assessments: what have we learned so far?. J. Ind. Ecol., 00, 2015, 10.1111/jiec.12305 n/a–n/a.
17. Greenfield, A., Graedel, T.E., The omnivorous diet of modern technology. Resour. Conserv. Recycl 74 (2013), 1–7, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.02.010.
18. Habib, K., Hamelin, L., Wenzel, H., A dynamic perspective of the geopolitical supply risk of metals. J. Clean. Prod. 133 (2016), 850–858, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.118.
19. Huang, X., Fabrication and properties of carbon fibers. Mater. Basel 2 (2009), 2369–2403, 10.3390/ma2042369.
20. INEOS, Product and Applications. 2015 [WWW Document]. URL http://www.ineos.com/products/ (accessed 30.6.15.).
21. Johnson, J., Graedel, T.E., The “hidden” trade of metals in the United States. J. Ind. Ecol. 12 (2008), 739–753, 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2008.00092.x.
22. Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., Worldwide Governance Indicators. 2015 [WWW Document]. URL http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home (accessed 1.12.15.).
23. Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., Mastruzzi, M., The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. 2010 World Bank Policy Res. Work. Pap. 5430.
24. Krohns, S., Lunkenheimer, P., Meissner, S., Reller, A., Gleich, B., Rathgeber, A., Gaugler, T., Buhl, H.U., Sinclair, D.C., Loidl, A., The route to resource-efficient novel materials. Nat. Mater. 10 (2011), 899–901, 10.1038/nmat3180.
25. Mancini, L., Benini, L., Sala, S., Resource footprint of Europe: complementarity of material flow analysis and life cycle assessment for policy support. Environ. Sci. Policy 54 (2015), 367–376, 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.07.025.
26. Mancini, L., Sala, S., Recchioni, M., Benini, L., Goralczyk, M., Pennington, D., Potential of life cycle assessment for supporting the management of critical raw materials. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 20 (2015), 100–116, 10.1007/s11367-014-0808-0.
27. Nansai, K., Nakajima, K., Kagawa, S., Kondo, Y., Shigetomi, Y., Suh, S., Global mining risk footprint of critical metals necessary for low-carbon technologies: the case of neodymium, cobalt, and platinum in Japan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49:4 (2015), 2022–2031, 10.1021/es504255r 150205140934001.
28. Nassar, N.T., Graedel, T.E., Harper, E.M., By-product metals are technologically essential but have problematic supply. Sci. Adv., 1, 2015, e1400180, 10.1126/sciadv.1400180.
29. Park, S.-J., Heo, G.-Y., Precursors and manufacturing of carbon fibers. Park, S.-J., (eds.) Carbon Fibers, 2015, Springer, 10.1007/978-94-017-9478-7_2.
30. PCI, Acrylonitrile and Derivatives – Monthly Report September 2013., 2013.
31. plastemart, 50 Percent Increase in Global Propylene Productiony by 2030 Leads to Shift in Historical Supply Relationships. 2014 [WWW Document]. URL http://www.plastemart.com/Plastic-Technical-Article.asp?LiteratureID=2163&Paper=Increase-in-global-propylene-production-radical-shift-in-historical-supply-relationships (accessed 30.6.15.).
32. Schaffartzik, A., Mayer, A., Gingrich, S., Eisenmenger, N., Loy, C., Krausmann, F., The global metabolic transition: regional patterns and trends of global material flows, 1950-2010. Glob. Environ. Chang. 26 (2014), 87–97, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.013.
33. Schneider, L., A Comprehensive Approach to Model Abiotic Resource Provision Capbility in the Context of Sustainable Development. Fak. III Prozesswissenschaften. 2014, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin.
34. Schneider, L., Berger, M., Schüler-Hainsch, E., Knöfel, S., Ruhland, K., Mosig, J., Bach, V., Finkbeiner, M., The economic resource scarcity potential (ESP) for evaluating resource use based on life cycle assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 19 (2014), 601–610.
35. Smith, R., Adibi, S., Khimasia, S., Petrochemical Outlook: Middle East. 2012, 2012 [WWW Document]. URL http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3017586/2012-petrochemical-outlook-Middle-East.html (accessed 30.6.15.).
36. Sonnemann, G., Gemechu, E.D., Adibi, N., Bruille, V., De, Bulle, C., From a critical review to a conceptual framework for integrating the criticality of resources into life cycle sustainability assessment. J. Clean. Prod. 94 (2015), 20–34, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.082.
37. U.S. Department of Defense, Strategic and Critical Materials 2013 Report on Stockpile Requirements., 2013, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics.
38. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Refinery Net Production Propylene. 2015 [WWW Document]. URL http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/PET_PNP_REFP2_A_EPLLPY_YPY_MBBL_A.htm (accessed 30.6.15.).
39. U.S. National Research Council, Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy. 2008, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
40. UN, Commodity Trade Statistics Database. 2015 [WWW Document]. URL http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx.
41. Vieira, M., Ponsioen, T., Goedkoop, M., Huijbregts, M., Surplus cost potential as a life cycle impact indicator for metal extraction. Resources, 5, 2016, 2, 10.3390/resources5010002.
42. Young, S.B., Dias, G., LCM of Metals Supply to Electronics: Tracking and Tracing ‘Conflict Minerals’. 2011, LCM 2011 – Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management, Berlin Available at SSRN 1875976.