Erratum: Plasma ceramides, mediterranean diet, and incident cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED trial (prevención con dieta mediterránea) (Circulation (2017) 135 (2028–2040) DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024261);Plasma ceramides, mediterranean diet, and incident cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED trial (prevención con dieta mediterránea)

Circulation

Volumn 135, Issue 21, 2017, Pages 2028-2040

  Wang, Dong D ^a   Toledo, Estefanía ^c,d,e   Hruby, Adela ^f   Rosner, Bernard A ^a,g   Willett, Walter C ^a,g   Sun, Qi ^a,g   Razquin, Cristina ^c,d,e   Zheng, Yan ^a   Ruiz Canela, Miguel ^c,d,e   Guasch Ferré, Marta ^a,h   Corella, Dolores ^e,i   Gómez Gracia, Enrique ^j   Fiol, Miquel ^e,k   Estruch, Ramón ^e   Ros, Emilio ^b,e,l   Lapetra, José ^e,m   Fito, Montserrat ^e,n   Aros, Fernando ^e,o   Serra Majem, Luis ^e,p   Lee, Chih Hao ^a   Clish, Clary B ^q   Liang, Liming ^a   Salas Salvadó, Jordi ^e,h   Martínez González, Miguel A ^b,c,d,e   Hu, Frank B ^a,g   more..

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b Department of Nutrition ^*  (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NAVARRA   (Spain)

^d IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research   (Spain)

^e Instituto de Salud Carlos III   (Spain)

^f TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^h INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIÓ SANITÀRIA PERE VIRGILI IISPV   (Spain)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

^j UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA   (Spain)

^k HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SON ESPASES   (Spain)

^l UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^m San Pablo Health Center   (Spain)

ⁿ HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^o University Hospital of Alava   (Spain)

^p UNIVERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA   (Spain)

^q BROAD INSTITUTE OF MIT AND HARVARD   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Ceramide; Coronary heart disease; Mediterranean diet; Stroke

Indexed keywords

BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; CERAMIDE; CHOLESTEROL; EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ISOLEUCINE; LEUCINE; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SPHINGOMYELIN; SPHINGOSINE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VALINE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; OLIVE OIL;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONCENTRATION PROCESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART DEATH; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; METABOLOMICS; NUT; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POPULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CLINICAL TRIAL; INCIDENCE; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PROCEDURES; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTECTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SPAIN; STATISTICAL MODEL; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TIME FACTOR;

AGED; BIOMARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CERAMIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; DIET, MEDITERRANEAN; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; METABOLOMICS; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NUTS; OLIVE OIL; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SPAIN; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 85018817364     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: 15244539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000715     Document Type: Erratum

References (78)

1. Chavez Jose A, Summers Scott A. A ceramide-centric view of insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2012;15:585-594.
2. Summers SA. Ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. Prog Lipid Res. 2006;45:42-72. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2005.11.002.
3. Holland WL, Summers SA. Sphingolipids, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease: New insights from in vivo manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:381-402. doi: 10.1210/er.2007-0025.
4. Summers Scott A. The art of lowering ceramides. Cell Metab. 2015;22:195-196.
5. Laaksonen R, Ekroos K, Sysi-Aho M, Hilvo M, Vihervaara T, Kauhanen D, Suoniemi M, Hurme R, März W, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, Vlachopoulou E, Lokki ML, Nieminen MS, Klingenberg R, Matter CM, Hornemann T, Jüni P, Rodondi N, Räber L, Windecker S, Gencer B, Pedersen ER, Tell GS, Nygard O, Mach F, Sinisalo J, Lüscher TF. Plasma ceramides predict cardiovascular death in patients with stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndromes beyond LDL-cholesterol. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:1967-1976. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw148.
6. Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: A new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002;13:3-9.
7. Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Ros E, Covas MI, Fiol M, Wärnberg J, Arós F, Ruíz-Gutiérrez V, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Lapetra J, Muñoz MA, Martínez JA, Sáez G, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Mitjavila MT, Tur JA, Portillo MP, Estruch R; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Cohort profile: Design and methods of the PREDIMED study. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:377-385. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq250.
8. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Corella D, Arós F, Gómez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Lamuela- Raventos RM, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Basora J, Muñoz MA, Sorlí JV, Martínez JA, Martínez-González MA; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1279-1290. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200303.
9. Martínez-González MA, García-López M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Toledo E, Martínez-Lapiscina EH, Delgado-Rodriguez M, Vazquez Z, Benito S, Beunza JJ. Mediterranean diet and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: A Spanish cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21:237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.005.
10. Knoops KT, de Groot LC, Kromhout D, Perrin AE, Moreiras-Varela O, Menotti A, van Staveren WA. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: The HALE project. JAMA. 2004;292:1433-1439. doi: 10.1001/ jama.292.12.1433.
11. Fung TT, Rexrode KM, Mantzoros CS, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation. 2009;119:1093-1100. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816736.
12. Sofi F, Cesari F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: Meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008;337:a1344.
13. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th ed. 2015. http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/ guidelines. Accessed March 7, 2017.
14. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, Hubbard VS, de Jesus JM, Lee I-M, Lichtenstein AH, Loria CM, Millen BE, Miller NH, Nonas CA, Sacks FM, Smith SC, Svetkey LP, Wadden TW, Yanovski SZ. 2013 AHA/ ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S76-S99.
15. Lankinen M, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Nygren H, Seppanen-Laakso T, Poutanen K, Hyotylainen T, Riserus U, Savolainen MJ, Hukkanen J, Brader L, Marklund M, Rosqvist F, Hermansen K, Cloetens L, Onning G, Thorsdottir I, Gunnarsdottir I, Akesson B, Dragsted LO, Uusitupa M, Oresic M. A healthy Nordic diet alters the plasma lipidomic profile in adults with features of metabolic syndrome in a multicenter randomized dietary intervention. J Nutr. 2016;146:662-672.
16. Meikle PJ, Barlow CK, Mellett NA, Mundra PA, Bonham MP, Larsen A, Cameron-Smith D, Sinclair A, Nestel PJ, Wong G. Postprandial plasma phospholipids in men are influenced by the source of dietary fat. J Nutr. 2015;145:2012-2018. doi: 10.3945/ jn.115.210104.
17. Langholz B, Thomas DC. Nested case-control and case-cohort methods of sampling from a cohort: A critical comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131:169-176.
18. Prentice RL. A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika. 1986;73:1-11.
19. Wang TJ, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Cheng S, Rhee EP, McCabe E, Lewis GD, Fox CS, Jacques PF, Fernandez C, O'Donnell CJ, Carr SA, Mootha VK, Florez JC, Souza A, Melander O, Clish CB, Gerszten RE. Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes. Nat Med. 2011;17:448-453. doi: 10.1038/nm.2307.
20. Rhee EP, Cheng S, Larson MG, Walford GA, Lewis GD, McCabe E, Yang E, Farrell L, Fox CS, O'Donnell CJ, Carr SA, Vasan RS, Florez JC, Clish CB, Wang TJ, Gerszten RE. Lipid profiling identifies a triacylglycerol signature of insulin resistance and improves diabetes prediction in humans. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:1402-1411. doi: 10.1172/JCI44442.
21. Lewis GD, Farrell L, Wood MJ, Martinovic M, Arany Z, Rowe GC, Souza A, Cheng S, McCabe EL, Yang E, Shi X, Deo R, Roth FP, Asnani A, Rhee EP, Systrom DM, Semigran MJ, Vasan RS, Carr SA, Wang TJ, Sabatine MS, Clish CB, Gerszten RE. Metabolic signatures of exercise in human plasma. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2:33ra37. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001006.
22. Gohil VM, Sheth SA, Nilsson R, Wojtovich AP, Lee JH, Perocchi F, Chen W, Clish CB, Ayata C, Brookes PS, Mootha VK. Nutrientsensitized screening for drugs that shift energy metabolism from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28:249-255. doi: 10.1038/nbt.1606.
23. Rhee EP, Souza A, Farrell L, Pollak MR, Lewis GD, Steele DJ, Thadhani R, Clish CB, Greka A, Gerszten RE. Metabolite profiling identifies markers of uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:1041-1051. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009111132.
24. Shaham O, Slate NG, Goldberger O, Xu Q, Ramanathan A, Souza AL, Clish CB, Sims KB, Mootha VK. A plasma signature of human mitochondrial disease revealed through metabolic profiling of spent media from cultured muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:1571-1575. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906039107.
25. Zhong L, D'Urso A, Toiber D, Sebastian C, Henry RE, Vadysirisack DD, Guimaraes A, Marinelli B, Wikstrom JD, Nir T, Clish CB, Vaitheesvaran B, Iliopoulos O, Kurland I, Dor Y, Weissleder R, Shirihai OS, Ellisen LW, Espinosa JM, Mostoslavsky R. The histone deacetylase Sirt6 regulates glucose homeostasis via Hif1alpha. Cell. 2010;140:280-293. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.041.
26. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP. Myocardial infarction redefined: A consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:959-969.
27. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Executive Committee, and ESO Writing Committee. Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25:457-507.
28. Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC 3rd, Anderson C, Becker K, Broderick JP, Connolly ES Jr, Greenberg SM, Huang JN, MacDonald RL, Messé SR, Mitchell PH, Selim M, Tamargo RJ; American Heart Association Stroke Council and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2010;41:2108-2129. doi: 10.1161/STR.0b013e3181ec611b.
29. Kidwell CS, Chalela JA, Saver JL, Starkman S, Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Butman JA, Patronas N, Alger JR, Latour LL, Luby ML, Baird AE, Leary MC, Tremwel M, Ovbiagele B, Fredieu A, Suzuki S, Villablanca JP, Davis S, Dunn B, Todd JW, Ezzeddine MA, Haymore J, Lynch JK, Davis L, Warach S. Comparison of MRI and CT for detection of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA. 2004;292:1823-1830. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.15.1823.
30. Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, Buxton AE, Chaitman B, Fromer M, Gregoratos G, Klein G, Moss AJ, Myerburg RJ, Priori SG, Quinones MA, Roden DM, Silka MJ, Tracy C. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death). Circulation. 2006;114:e385-e484. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.178233.
31. Maradit-Kremers H, Nicola PJ, Crowson CS, Ballman KV, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: A populationbased study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:722-732. doi: 10.1002/ art.20878.
32. Schröder H, Fitó M, Estruch R, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Lamuela-Raventós R, Ros E, Salaverría I, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Vinyoles E, Gómez-Gracia E, Lahoz C, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Covas MI. A short screener is valid for assessing Mediterranean diet adherence among older Spanish men and women. J Nutr. 2011;141:1140-1145. doi: 10.3945/ jn.110.135566.
33. Barlow WE. Robust variance estimation for the case-cohort design. Biometrics. 1994;50:1064-1072.
34. Barlow WE, Ichikawa L, Rosner D, Izumi S. Analysis of case-cohort designs. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52:1165-1172.
35. Ganna A, Salihovic S, Sundström J, Broeckling CD, Hedman AK, Magnusson PK, Pedersen NL, Larsson A, Siegbahn A, Zilmer M, Prenni J, Arnlöv J, Lind L, Fall T, Ingelsson E. Large-scale metabolomic profiling identifies novel biomarkers for incident coronary heart disease. PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004801. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pgen.1004801.
36. Stegemann C, Pechlaner R, Willeit P, Langley SR, Mangino M, Mayr U, Menni C, Moayyeri A, Santer P, Rungger G, Spector TD, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Mayr M. Lipidomics profiling and risk of cardiovascular disease in the prospective population-based Bruneck study. Circulation. 2014;129:1821-1831. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 113.002500.
37. Ruiz-Canela M, Toledo E, Clish CB, Hruby A, Liang L, Salas- Salvadó J, Razquin C, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Gómez-Gracia E, Arós F, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB. Plasma branched-chain amino acids and incident cardiovascular disease in the PREDIMED trial. Clin Chem. 2016;62:582-592. doi: 10.1373/ clinchem.2015.251710.
38. Rhee EP, Gerszten RE. Metabolomics and cardiovascular biomarker discovery. Clin Chem. 2012;58:139-147. doi: 10.1373/ clinchem.2011.169573.
39. Shah SH, Kraus WE, Newgard CB. Metabolomic profiling for the identification of novel biomarkers and mechanisms related to common cardiovascular diseases: Form and function. Circulation. 2012;126:1110-1120. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 111.060368.
40. Shah SH, Sun JL, Stevens RD, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Pieper KS, Haynes C, Hauser ER, Kraus WE, Granger CB, Newgard CB, Califf RM, Newby LK. Baseline metabolomic profiles predict cardiovascular events in patients at risk for coronary artery dis ease. Am Heart J. 2012;163:844.e1-850.e1. doi: 10.1016/j. ahj.2012.02.005.
41. Shah SH, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Stevens RD, Crosslin DR, Haynes C, Dungan J, Newby LK, Hauser ER, Ginsburg GS, Newgard CB, Kraus WE. Association of a peripheral blood metabolic profile with coronary artery disease and risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3:207-214. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.852814.
42. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, D'Agostino RB Jr, Vasan RS. Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med. 2008;27:157-172. doi: 10.1002/sim.2929.
43. Langholz B, Jiao J. Computational methods for case-cohort studies. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2007;51:3737-3748.
44. Hajduch E, Balendran A, Batty IH, Litherland GJ, Blair AS, Downes CP, Hundal HS. Ceramide impairs the insulin-dependent membrane recruitment of protein kinase B leading to a loss in downstream signalling in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Diabetologia. 2001;44:173-183. doi: 10.1007/s001250051596.
45. Summers SA, Garza LA, Zhou H, Birnbaum MJ. Regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transporter GLUT4 translocation and Akt kinase activity by ceramide. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18:5457-5464.
46. Stratford S, DeWald DB, Summers SA. Ceramide dissociates 3'-phosphoinositide production from pleckstrin homology domain translocation. Biochem J. 2001;354(Pt 2):359-368.
47. Chavez JA, Knotts TA, Wang LP, Li G, Dobrowsky RT, Florant GL, Summers SA. A role for ceramide, but not diacylglycerol, in the antagonism of insulin signal transduction by saturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:10297-10303. doi: 10.1074/jbc. M212307200.
48. Powell DJ, Turban S, Gray A, Hajduch E, Hundal HS. Intracellular ceramide synthesis and protein kinase Czeta activation play an essential role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. Biochem J. 2004;382(Pt 2):619-629. doi: 10.1042/BJ20040139.
49. Powell DJ, Hajduch E, Kular G, Hundal HS. Ceramide disables 3-phosphoinositide binding to the pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt by a PKCzeta-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Biol. 2003;23:7794-7808.
50. Yang G, Badeanlou L, Bielawski J, Roberts AJ, Hannun YA, Samad F. Central role of ceramide biosynthesis in body weight regulation, energy metabolism, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;297:E211-E224. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo. 91014.2008.
51. Holland WL, Brozinick JT, Wang L-P, Hawkins ED, Sargent KM, Liu Y, Narra K, Hoehn KL, Knotts TA, Siesky A. Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates glucocorticoid-, saturatedfat-, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2007;5:167-179.
52. Adams JM 2nd, Pratipanawatr T, Berria R, Wang E, DeFronzo RA, Sullards MC, Mandarino LJ. Ceramide content is increased in skeletal muscle from obese insulin-resistant humans. Diabetes. 2004;53:25-31.
53. Amati F, Dubé JJ, Alvarez-Carnero E, Edreira MM, Chomentowski P, Coen PM, Switzer GE, Bickel PE, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FG, Goodpaster BH. Skeletal muscle triglycerides, diacylglycerols, and ceramides in insulin resistance: Another paradox in endurance-trained athletes? Diabetes. 2011;60:2588-2597. doi: 10.2337/db10-1221.
54. Dubé JJ, Amati F, Stefanovic-Racic M, Toledo FG, Sauers SE, Goodpaster BH. Exercise-induced alterations in intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance: The athlete's paradox revisited. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294:E882-E888. doi: 10.1152/ ajpendo.00769.2007.
55. Straczkowski M, Kowalska I, Nikolajuk A, Dzienis-Straczkowska S, Kinalska I, Baranowski M, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Brzezinska Z, Gorski J. Relationship between insulin sensitivity and sphingomyelin signaling pathway in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2004;53:1215-1221.
56. de Mello VD, Lankinen M, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Lehto S, Seppänen-Laakso T, Oresic M, Pulkkinen L, Uusitupa M, Erkkilä AT. Link between plasma ceramides, inflammation and insulin resistance: Association with serum IL-6 concentration in patients with coronary heart disease. Diabetologia. 2009;52:2612-2615. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1482-9.
57. Haus JM, Kashyap SR, Kasumov T, Zhang R, Kelly KR, Defronzo RA, Kirwan JP. Plasma ceramides are elevated in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and correlate with the severity of insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009;58:337-343. doi: 10.2337/db08-1228.
58. Park TS, Panek RL, Mueller SB, Hanselman JC, Rosebury WS, Robertson AW, Kindt EK, Homan R, Karathanasis SK, Rekhter MD. Inhibition of sphingomyelin synthesis reduces atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Circulation. 2004;110:3465-3471. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000148370.60535.22.
59. Hojjati MR, Li Z, Zhou H, Tang S, Huan C, Ooi E, Lu S, Jiang XC. Effect of myriocin on plasma sphingolipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:10284-10289. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M412348200.
60. Park T-S, Hu Y, Noh H-L, Drosatos K, Okajima K, Buchanan J, Tuinei J, Homma S, Jiang X-C, Abel ED. Ceramide is a cardiotoxin in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Res. 2008;49:2101-2112.
61. Haus JM, Kashyap SR, Kasumov T, Zhang R, Kelly KR, Defronzo RA, Kirwan JP. Plasma ceramides are elevated in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and correlate with the severity of insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009;58:337-343. doi: 10.2337/ db08-1228.
62. Raichur S, Wang ST, Chan PW, Li Y, Ching J, Chaurasia B, Chaurasia B, Dogra S, Fhman MK, Takeda K, Sugii S, Pewzner-Jung Y, Futerman AH, Summers SA. CerS2 haploinsufficiency inhibits ß- oxidation and confers susceptibility to diet-induced steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2014;20:687-695. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.015.
63. Turpin SM, Nicholls HT, Willmes DM, Mourier A, Brodesser S, Wunderlich CM, Mauer J, Xu E, Hammerschmidt P, Brönneke HS, Trifunovic A, LoSasso G, Wunderlich FT, Kornfeld JW, Blüher M, Krönke M, Brüning JC. Obesity-induced CerS6-dependent C16:0 ceramide production promotes weight gain and glucose intolerance. Cell Metab. 2014;20:678-686. doi: 10.1016/j. cmet.2014.08.002.
64. Chavez JA, Summers SA. Characterizing the effects of saturated fatty acids on insulin signaling and ceramide and diacylglycerol accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003;419:101-109.
65. Schmitz-Peiffer C, Craig DL, Biden TJ. Ceramide generation is sufficient to account for the inhibition of the insulin-stimulated PKB pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells pretreated with palmitate. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:24202-24210.
66. Lu ZH, Mu YM, Wang BA, Li XL, Lu JM, Li JY, Pan CY, Yanase T, Nawata H. Saturated free fatty acids, palmitic acid and stearic acid, induce apoptosis by stimulation of ceramide generation in rat testicular Leydig cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;303:1002-1007.
67. Willett WC, Sacks F, Trichopoulou A, Drescher G, Ferro-Luzzi A, Helsing E, Trichopoulos D. Mediterranean diet pyramid: A cultural model for healthy eating. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61(6 Suppl):1402S-1406S.
68. Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Das UN, Stefanadis C. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet attenuates inflammation and coagulation process in healthy adults: The ATTICA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:152-158. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2004.03.039.
69. Urpi-Sarda M, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Romero-Mamani ES, Valderas-Martínez P, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Toledo E, Andres- Lacueva C, Llorach R, García-Arellano A, Bulló M, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. The Mediterranean diet pattern and its main components are associated with lower plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor receptor 60 in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. J Nutr. 2012;142:1019-1025. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.148726.
70. Esposito K, Marfella R, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Giugliano F, Giugliano G, D'Armiento M, D'Andrea F, Giugliano D. Effect of a mediterranean- style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. JAMA. 2004;292:1440-1446. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.12.1440.
71. Mena MP, Sacanella E, Vazquez-Agell M, Morales M, Fitó M, Escoda R, Serrano-Martínez M, Salas-Salvadó J, Benages N, Casas R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Masanes F, Ros E, Estruch R. Inhibition of circulating immune cell activation: A molecular antiinflammatory effect of the Mediterranean diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:248-256. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26094.
72. Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: A meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:1299-1313. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.073.
73. Ruano J, Lopez-Miranda J, Fuentes F, Moreno JA, Bellido C, Perez-Martinez P, Lozano A, Gómez P, Jiménez Y, Pérez Jiménez F. Phenolic content of virgin olive oil improves ischemic reactive hyperemia in hypercholesterolemic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1864-1868. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.078.
74. Fuentes F, López-Miranda J, Pérez-Martínez P, Jiménez Y, Marín C, Gómez P, Fernández JM, Caballero J, Delgado-Lista J, Pérez- Jiménez F. Chronic effects of a high-fat diet enriched with virgin olive oil and a low-fat diet enriched with alpha-linolenic acid on postprandial endothelial function in healthy men. Br J Nutr. 2008;100:159-165. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508888708.
75. Dai J, Jones DP, Goldberg J, Ziegler TR, Bostick RM, Wilson PW, Manatunga AK, Shallenberger L, Jones L, Vaccarino V. Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1364-1370.
76. Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Pitsavos C, Masoura C, Siasos G, Galiatsatos N, Psaltopoulou T, Mylonakis C, Margazas A, Kyvelou S, Mamatas S, Panagiotakos D, Stefanadis C. Long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in elderly individuals, without known cardiovascular disease: The Ikaria study. Maturitas. 2011;70:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas. 2011.06.003.
77. Fitó M, Guxens M, Corella D, Sáez G, Estruch R, de la Torre R, Francés F, Cabezas C, López-Sabater Mdel C, Marrugat J, García- Arellano A, Arós F, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Fiol M, Solá R, Covas MI; PREDIMED Study Investigators. Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on lipoprotein oxidation: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1195-1203. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.11.1195.
78. Jones JL, Comperatore M, Barona J, Calle MC, Andersen C, Mc- Intosh M, Najm W, Lerman RH, Fernandez ML. A Mediterraneanstyle, low-glycemic-load diet decreases atherogenic lipoproteins and reduces lipoprotein (a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in women with metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 2012;61:366-372. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.07.013.