메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue MAR, 2017, Pages

Anti-cancerous potential of polysaccharide fractions extracted from peony seed dreg on various human cancer cell lines via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Author keywords

Anti cancerous; Apoptosis; Cell cycle; Molecular mechanisms; Peony seed dreg; Polysaccharides

Indexed keywords

APOPTOTIC PROTEASE ACTIVATING FACTOR 1; CASPASE 3; CASPASE 8; CASPASE 9; CYCLIN A; CYCLIN B1; CYCLIN D1; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 1; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 2; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 4; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 6; CYCLIN E; CYCLIN E1; CYTOCHROME C; FLUOROURACIL; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; POLYSACCHARIDE; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN P15; PROTEIN P16; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P27; PROTEIN P53; SURVIVIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 85016140974     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16639812     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00102     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 79959618692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus reduces cell viability of lung carcinoma and melanoma cells in vitro and activates natural killer cells in mice in vivo
    • Ale, M. T., Maruyama, H., Tamauchi, H., Mikkelsen, J. D., and Meyer, A. S. (2011). Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Fucus vesiculosus reduces cell viability of lung carcinoma and melanoma cells in vitro and activates natural killer cells in mice in vivo. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 49, 331-336. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.009
    • (2011) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.49 , pp. 331-336
    • Ale, M.T.1    Maruyama, H.2    Tamauchi, H.3    Mikkelsen, J.D.4    Meyer, A.S.5
  • 2
    • 84978194200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fucoidan from Turbinaria conoides on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells
    • Alwarsamy, M., Gooneratne, R., and Ravichandran, R. (2016). Effect of fucoidan from Turbinaria conoides on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells. Carbohydr. Polym. 152, 207-213. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.112
    • (2016) Carbohydr. Polym , vol.152 , pp. 207-213
    • Alwarsamy, M.1    Gooneratne, R.2    Ravichandran, R.3
  • 3
    • 84949032056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fucoidan suppresses the growth of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
    • Atashrazm, F., Lowenthal, R. M., Woods, G. M., Holloway, A. F., Karpiniec, S. S., and Dickinson, J. L. (2016). Fucoidan suppresses the growth of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. J. Cell Physiol. 231, 688-697. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25119
    • (2016) J. Cell Physiol , vol.231 , pp. 688-697
    • Atashrazm, F.1    Lowenthal, R.M.2    Woods, G.M.3    Holloway, A.F.4    Karpiniec, S.S.5    Dickinson, J.L.6
  • 4
    • 0035829337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical modifications of the (1-> 3)-alpha-D-glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum and investigation of their physicochemical properties and immunological activity
    • Bao, X., Duan, J., Fang, X., and Fang, J. (2001). Chemical modifications of the (1-> 3)-alpha-D-glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum and investigation of their physicochemical properties and immunological activity. Carbohydr. Res. 336, 127-140. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(01)00238-5
    • (2001) Carbohydr. Res , vol.336 , pp. 127-140
    • Bao, X.1    Duan, J.2    Fang, X.3    Fang, J.4
  • 5
    • 0017184389 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding
    • Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
    • (1976) Anal. Biochem , vol.72 , pp. 248-254
    • Bradford, M.M.1
  • 6
    • 60549088111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gypenosides induced G0/G1 arrest via CHk2 and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-dependent pathways in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells
    • Chen, J. C., Lu, K. W., Tsai, M. L., Hsu, S. C., Kuo, C. L., Yang, J. S., et al. (2009). Gypenosides induced G0/G1 arrest via CHk2 and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-dependent pathways in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells. Oral Oncol. 45, 273-283. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.05.012
    • (2009) Oral Oncol , vol.45 , pp. 273-283
    • Chen, J.C.1    Lu, K.W.2    Tsai, M.L.3    Hsu, S.C.4    Kuo, C.L.5    Yang, J.S.6
  • 7
    • 80054992437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiproliferation effect and apoptosis mechanism of prostate cancer cell PC-3 by flavonoids and saponins prepared from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
    • Cheng, T. C., Lu, J. F., Wang, J. S., Lin, L. J., Kuo, H. I., and Chen, B. H. (2011). Antiproliferation effect and apoptosis mechanism of prostate cancer cell PC-3 by flavonoids and saponins prepared from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 11319-11329. doi: 10.1021/jf2018758
    • (2011) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.59 , pp. 11319-11329
    • Cheng, T.C.1    Lu, J.F.2    Wang, J.S.3    Lin, L.J.4    Kuo, H.I.5    Chen, B.H.6
  • 8
    • 84907821790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cheonggukjang polysaccharides enhance immune activities and prevent cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression
    • Cho, C. W., Han, C. J., Rhee, Y. K., Lee, Y. C., Shin, K. S., Shin, J. S., et al. (2015). Cheonggukjang polysaccharides enhance immune activities and prevent cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 72, 519-525. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.010
    • (2015) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.72 , pp. 519-525
    • Cho, C.W.1    Han, C.J.2    Rhee, Y.K.3    Lee, Y.C.4    Shin, K.S.5    Shin, J.S.6
  • 9
    • 84962722613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ethanol extract of Poria cocos inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via the mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway
    • Chu, B.-F., Lin, H.-C., Huang, X.-W., Huang, H.-Y., Wu, C. P., and Kao, M.-C. (2016). An ethanol extract of Poria cocos inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells via the mitochondria-mediated caspase activation pathway. J. Funct. Foods 23, 614-627. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.016
    • (2016) J. Funct. Foods , vol.23 , pp. 614-627
    • Chu, B.-F.1    Lin, H.-C.2    Huang, X.-W.3    Huang, H.-Y.4    Wu, C.P.5    Kao, M.-C.6
  • 10
    • 84988649491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavonoid C-glucosides derived from flax straw extracts reduce human breast cancer cell growth in vitro and induce apoptosis
    • Czemplik, M., Mierziak, J., Szopa, J., and Kulma, A. (2016). Flavonoid C-glucosides derived from flax straw extracts reduce human breast cancer cell growth in vitro and induce apoptosis. Front. Pharmacol. 7:282. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00282
    • (2016) Front. Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 282
    • Czemplik, M.1    Mierziak, J.2    Szopa, J.3    Kulma, A.4
  • 11
    • 18344372831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclins and cdks in development and cancer: a perspective
    • Deshpande, A., Sicinski, P., and Hinds, P. W. (2005). Cyclins and cdks in development and cancer: a perspective. Oncogene 24, 2909-2915. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208618
    • (2005) Oncogene , vol.24 , pp. 2909-2915
    • Deshpande, A.1    Sicinski, P.2    Hinds, P.W.3
  • 12
    • 33749946901 scopus 로고
    • Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances
    • Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., and Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28, 350-356. doi: 10.1021/ac60111a017
    • (1956) Anal. Chem , vol.28 , pp. 350-356
    • Dubois, M.1    Gilles, K.A.2    Hamilton, J.K.3    Rebers, P.A.4    Smith, F.5
  • 13
    • 84906707604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from Sarcodia ceylonensis
    • Fan, Y., Lin, M., Luo, A., Chun, Z., and Luo, A. (2014). Characterization and antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from Sarcodia ceylonensis. Molecules 19, 10863-10876. doi: 10.3390/molecules190810863
    • (2014) Molecules , vol.19 , pp. 10863-10876
    • Fan, Y.1    Lin, M.2    Luo, A.3    Chun, Z.4    Luo, A.5
  • 14
    • 84862784964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial characterization and anti-tumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis
    • Fan, Y., Wang, W., Song, W., Chen, H., Teng, A., and Liu, A. (2012). Partial characterization and anti-tumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. Carbohydr. Polym. 88, 1313-1318. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.014
    • (2012) Carbohydr. Polym , vol.88 , pp. 1313-1318
    • Fan, Y.1    Wang, W.2    Song, W.3    Chen, H.4    Teng, A.5    Liu, A.6
  • 15
    • 0034162822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 human colon cancer cells
    • Gamet-Payrastre, L., Li, P., Lumeau, S., Cassar, G., Dupont, M. A., Chevolleau, S., et al. (2000). Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 60, 1426-1433.
    • (2000) Cancer Res , vol.60 , pp. 1426-1433
    • Gamet-Payrastre, L.1    Li, P.2    Lumeau, S.3    Cassar, G.4    Dupont, M.A.5    Chevolleau, S.6
  • 16
    • 0029898150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis Berk with cytokine stimulating activity
    • Gao, Q., Seljelid, R., Chen, H., and Jiang, R. (1996). Characterisation of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis Berk with cytokine stimulating activity. Carbohydr. Res. 288, 135-142. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(96)90789-2
    • (1996) Carbohydr. Res , vol.288 , pp. 135-142
    • Gao, Q.1    Seljelid, R.2    Chen, H.3    Jiang, R.4
  • 17
    • 84983527468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration suppression of small cell lung cancer by polysaccharides from nostoc commune vaucher
    • Guo, M., Ding, G. B., Yang, P., Zhang, L., Wu, H., Li, H., et al. (2016). Migration suppression of small cell lung cancer by polysaccharides from nostoc commune vaucher. J. Agric. Food Chem. 64, 6277-6285. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01906
    • (2016) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.64 , pp. 6277-6285
    • Guo, M.1    Ding, G.B.2    Yang, P.3    Zhang, L.4    Wu, H.5    Li, H.6
  • 18
    • 14044278109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell wall polysaccharides in black currants and bilberries-characterisation in berries, juice, and press cake
    • Hilz, H., Bakx, E. J., Schols, H. A., and Voragen, A. G. J. (2005). Cell wall polysaccharides in black currants and bilberries-characterisation in berries, juice, and press cake. Carbohydr. Polym. 59, 477-488. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.11.002
    • (2005) Carbohydr. Polym , vol.59 , pp. 477-488
    • Hilz, H.1    Bakx, E.J.2    Schols, H.A.3    Voragen, A.G.J.4
  • 19
    • 79953693930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental study on the antileukemia effects of gypenosides in vitro and in vivo
    • Hsu, H. Y., Yang, J. S., Lu, K. W., Yu, C. S., Chou, S. T., Lin, J. J., et al. (2011). An experimental study on the antileukemia effects of gypenosides in vitro and in vivo. Integr. Cancer Ther. 10, 101-112. doi: 10.1177/1534735410377198
    • (2011) Integr. Cancer Ther , vol.10 , pp. 101-112
    • Hsu, H.Y.1    Yang, J.S.2    Lu, K.W.3    Yu, C.S.4    Chou, S.T.5    Lin, J.J.6
  • 20
    • 12344267009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of optimal molecular size of modified Aloe polysaccharides with maximum immunomodulatory activity
    • Im, S. A., Oh, S. T., Song, S., Kim, M. R., Kim, D. S., Woo, S. S., et al. (2005). Identification of optimal molecular size of modified Aloe polysaccharides with maximum immunomodulatory activity. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5, 271-279. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.09.031
    • (2005) Int. Immunopharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 271-279
    • Im, S.A.1    Oh, S.T.2    Song, S.3    Kim, M.R.4    Kim, D.S.5    Woo, S.S.6
  • 21
    • 38349134668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia on the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma induced by N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine in Wistar rats
    • Kashimoto, N., Hayama, M., Kamiya, K., and Watanabe, H. (2006). Inhibitory effect of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia on the development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma induced by N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine in Wistar rats. Oncol. Rep. 16, 1181-1187. doi: 10.3892/or.16.6.1181
    • (2006) Oncol. Rep , vol.16 , pp. 1181-1187
    • Kashimoto, N.1    Hayama, M.2    Kamiya, K.3    Watanabe, H.4
  • 22
    • 1642494646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-Fraction on the activation of NK cells in cancer patients
    • Kodama, N., Komuta, K., and Nanba, H. (2003). Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-Fraction on the activation of NK cells in cancer patients. J. Med. Food 6, 371-377. doi: 10.1089/109662003772519949
    • (2003) J. Med. Food , vol.6 , pp. 371-377
    • Kodama, N.1    Komuta, K.2    Nanba, H.3
  • 23
    • 84907176517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gingerol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death of glioblastoma cells
    • Lee, D. H., Kim, D. W., Jung, C. H., Lee, Y. J., and Park, D. (2014). Gingerol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death of glioblastoma cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 279, 253-265. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.030
    • (2014) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , vol.279 , pp. 253-265
    • Lee, D.H.1    Kim, D.W.2    Jung, C.H.3    Lee, Y.J.4    Park, D.5
  • 24
    • 4644359603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of five new tetrasaccharide glycosides from the roots of Ipomoea stans and their cytotoxic activity
    • Leon, I., Enriquez, R. D. G., Gnecco, D., Villarreal, M. L., Cortes, D. A., Reynolds, W. F., et al. (2004). Isolation and characterization of five new tetrasaccharide glycosides from the roots of Ipomoea stans and their cytotoxic activity. J. Nat. Prod. 67, 1552-1556. doi: 10.1021/np0400454
    • (2004) J. Nat. Prod , vol.67 , pp. 1552-1556
    • Leon, I.1    Enriquez, R.D.G.2    Gnecco, D.3    Villarreal, M.L.4    Cortes, D.A.5    Reynolds, W.F.6
  • 25
    • 0031042159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes
    • Leung, M. Y., Fung, K. P., and Choy, Y. M. (1997). The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes. Immunopharmacology 35, 255-263. doi: 10.1016/S0162-3109(96)00157-9
    • (1997) Immunopharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 255-263
    • Leung, M.Y.1    Fung, K.P.2    Choy, Y.M.3
  • 26
    • 0030941458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
    • Levine, A. J. (1997). p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88, 323-331. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81871-1
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 323-331
    • Levine, A.J.1
  • 27
    • 84974623333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoestrogen bakuchiol exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer effects by inducing s phase arrest and apoptosis
    • Li, L., Chen, X., Liu, C. C., Lee, L. S., Man, C., and Cheng, S. H. (2016). Phytoestrogen bakuchiol exhibits in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer effects by inducing s phase arrest and apoptosis. Front. Pharmacol. 7:128. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00128
    • (2016) Front. Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 128
    • Li, L.1    Chen, X.2    Liu, C.C.3    Lee, L.S.4    Man, C.5    Cheng, S.H.6
  • 28
    • 84859467439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of a novel polysaccharide-peptide complex with antioxidant, anti-proliferative and hypoglycaemic activities from the abalone mushroom
    • Li, N., Li, L., Fang, J. C., Wong, J. H., Ng, T. B., Jiang, Y., et al. (2012). Isolation and identification of a novel polysaccharide-peptide complex with antioxidant, anti-proliferative and hypoglycaemic activities from the abalone mushroom. Biosci. Rep. 32, 221-228. doi: 10.1042/BSR20110012
    • (2012) Biosci. Rep , vol.32 , pp. 221-228
    • Li, N.1    Li, L.2    Fang, J.C.3    Wong, J.H.4    Ng, T.B.5    Jiang, Y.6
  • 29
    • 84861581093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and antitumor activities of acidic polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino
    • Li, X. L., Wang, Z. H., Zhao, Y. X., Luo, S. J., Zhang, D. W., Xiao, S. X., et al. (2012). Isolation and antitumor activities of acidic polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino. Carbohydr. Polym. 89, 942-947. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.040
    • (2012) Carbohydr. Polym , vol.89 , pp. 942-947
    • Li, X.L.1    Wang, Z.H.2    Zhao, Y.X.3    Luo, S.J.4    Zhang, D.W.5    Xiao, S.X.6
  • 30
    • 80052454266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence of anti-leukemia activity of gypenosides on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro and in vivo using a HL-60 cells murine xenograft model
    • Lin, J. J., Hsu, H. Y., Yang, J. S., Lu, K. W., Wu, R. S., Wu, K. C., et al. (2011). Molecular evidence of anti-leukemia activity of gypenosides on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro and in vivo using a HL-60 cells murine xenograft model. Phytomedicine 18, 1075-1085. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.009
    • (2011) Phytomedicine , vol.18 , pp. 1075-1085
    • Lin, J.J.1    Hsu, H.Y.2    Yang, J.S.3    Lu, K.W.4    Wu, R.S.5    Wu, K.C.6
  • 31
    • 84971406291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel polysaccharide from Sargassum integerrimum induces apoptosis in A549 cells and prevents angiogensis in vitro and in vivo
    • Liu, G., Kuang, S., Wu, S., Jin, W., and Sun, C. (2016). A novel polysaccharide from Sargassum integerrimum induces apoptosis in A549 cells and prevents angiogensis in vitro and in vivo. Sci. Rep. 6:26722. doi: 10.1038/srep26722
    • (2016) Sci. Rep , vol.6 , pp. 26722
    • Liu, G.1    Kuang, S.2    Wu, S.3    Jin, W.4    Sun, C.5
  • 32
    • 84922721667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications
    • Liu, J., Willför, S., and Xu, C. (2015). A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications. Bioact. Carbohydr. Diet. Fibre 5, 31-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.086
    • (2015) Bioact. Carbohydr. Diet. Fibre , vol.5 , pp. 31-61
    • Liu, J.1    Willför, S.2    Xu, C.3
  • 33
    • 84901376371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticancer and immunoregulatory activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides in H22 tumor-bearing mice
    • Liu, J., Zhang, L., Ren, Y., Gao, Y., Kang, L., and Qiao, Q. (2014). Anticancer and immunoregulatory activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 69, 1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.014
    • (2014) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.69 , pp. 1-4
    • Liu, J.1    Zhang, L.2    Ren, Y.3    Gao, Y.4    Kang, L.5    Qiao, Q.6
  • 34
    • 84978204217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor and immunomodulation activities of polysaccharide from Phellinus baumii
    • Liu, M. M., Zeng, P., Li, X. T., and Shi, L. G. (2016). Antitumor and immunomodulation activities of polysaccharide from Phellinus baumii. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 91, 1199-1205. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.086
    • (2016) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.91 , pp. 1199-1205
    • Liu, M.M.1    Zeng, P.2    Li, X.T.3    Shi, L.G.4
  • 35
    • 84862023146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gypenosides suppress growth of human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model: the role of apoptosis mediated by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways
    • Lu, K. W., Chen, J. C., Lai, T. Y., Yang, J. S., Weng, S. W., Ma, Y. S., et al. (2012). Gypenosides suppress growth of human oral cancer SAS cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model: the role of apoptosis mediated by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Integr. Cancer Ther. 11, 129-140. doi: 10.1177/1534735411403306
    • (2012) Integr. Cancer Ther , vol.11 , pp. 129-140
    • Lu, K.W.1    Chen, J.C.2    Lai, T.Y.3    Yang, J.S.4    Weng, S.W.5    Ma, Y.S.6
  • 36
    • 69249216447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification, structural elucidation, and anti-inflammatory effect of a water-soluble 1,6-branched 1,3-a-d-galactan from cultured mycelia of Poria cocos
    • Lu, M.-K., Cheng, J.-J., Lin, C.-Y., and Chang, C.-C. (2010). Purification, structural elucidation, and anti-inflammatory effect of a water-soluble 1,6-branched 1,3-a-d-galactan from cultured mycelia of Poria cocos. Food Chem. 118, 349-356. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.126
    • (2010) Food Chem , vol.118 , pp. 349-356
    • Lu, M.-K.1    Cheng, J.-J.2    Lin, C.-Y.3    Chang, C.-C.4
  • 37
    • 0037218313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural revision of sulfated polysaccharide B-1 isolated from a marine Pseudomonas species and its cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines
    • Matsuda, M., Yamori, T., Naitoh, M., and Okutani, K. (2003). Structural revision of sulfated polysaccharide B-1 isolated from a marine Pseudomonas species and its cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. Mar Biotechnol. 5, 13-19. doi: 10.1007/s10126-002-0046-5
    • (2003) Mar Biotechnol , vol.5 , pp. 13-19
    • Matsuda, M.1    Yamori, T.2    Naitoh, M.3    Okutani, K.4
  • 38
    • 84960363286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on the structural characteristics, antitumor mechanisms and immunomodulating activities
    • Meng, X., Liang, H., and Luo, L. (2016). Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on the structural characteristics, antitumor mechanisms and immunomodulating activities. Carbohydr. Res. 424, 30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.008
    • (2016) Carbohydr. Res , vol.424 , pp. 30-41
    • Meng, X.1    Liang, H.2    Luo, L.3
  • 39
    • 77956896284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest of human gastric cancer cells by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide
    • Miao, Y., Xiao, B., Jiang, Z., Guo, Y., Mao, F., Zhao, J., et al. (2010). Growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest of human gastric cancer cells by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. Med. Oncol. 27, 785-790. doi: 10.1007/s12032-009-9286-9
    • (2010) Med. Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 785-790
    • Miao, Y.1    Xiao, B.2    Jiang, Z.3    Guo, Y.4    Mao, F.5    Zhao, J.6
  • 40
    • 0032588893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) the p53-dependent pathway is related to prognosis in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma
    • Natsugoe, S., Nakashima, S., Matsumoto, M., Che, X. M., Okumura, H., Kijima, F., et al. (1999). Expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) the p53-dependent pathway is related to prognosis in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 5, 2445-2449.
    • (1999) Clin. Cancer Res , vol.5 , pp. 2445-2449
    • Natsugoe, S.1    Nakashima, S.2    Matsumoto, M.3    Che, X.M.4    Okumura, H.5    Kijima, F.6
  • 41
    • 0034043914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes
    • Ooi, V. E., and Liu, F. (2000). Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes. Curr. Med. Chem. 7, 715-729. doi: 10.2174/0929867003374705
    • (2000) Curr. Med. Chem , vol.7 , pp. 715-729
    • Ooi, V.E.1    Liu, F.2
  • 42
    • 84989864862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor suppression effect of Solanum nigrum polysaccharide fraction on Breast cancer via immunomodulation
    • Razali, F. N., Sinniah, S. K., Hussin, H., Zainal Abidin, N., and Shuib, A. S. (2016). Tumor suppression effect of Solanum nigrum polysaccharide fraction on Breast cancer via immunomodulation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 92, 185-193. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.079
    • (2016) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.92 , pp. 185-193
    • Razali, F.N.1    Sinniah, S.K.2    Hussin, H.3    Zainal Abidin, N.4    Shuib, A.S.5
  • 43
    • 31044440131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botanical polysaccharides: macrophage immunomodulation and therapeutic potential
    • Schepetkin, I. A., and Quinn, M. T. (2006). Botanical polysaccharides: macrophage immunomodulation and therapeutic potential. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6, 317-333. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.10.005
    • (2006) Int. Immunopharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 317-333
    • Schepetkin, I.A.1    Quinn, M.T.2
  • 44
    • 70249108533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
    • Sengkhamparn, N., Verhoef, R., Schols, H. A., Sajjaanantakul, T., and Voragen, A. G. (2009). Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Carbohydr. Res. 344, 1824-1832. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.012
    • (2009) Carbohydr. Res , vol.344 , pp. 1824-1832
    • Sengkhamparn, N.1    Verhoef, R.2    Schols, H.A.3    Sajjaanantakul, T.4    Voragen, A.G.5
  • 45
    • 84973365221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg
    • Shi, J. J., Zhang, J. G., Sun, Y. H., Qu, J., Li, L., Prasad, C., et al. (2016a). Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 91, 23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.082
    • (2016) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.91 , pp. 23-30
    • Shi, J.J.1    Zhang, J.G.2    Sun, Y.H.3    Qu, J.4    Li, L.5    Prasad, C.6
  • 46
    • 84975806595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rheological properties of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg
    • Shi, J. J., Zhang, J. G., Sun, Y. H., Xu, Q. X., Li, L., Prasad, C., et al. (2016b). The rheological properties of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 91, 760-767. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.038
    • (2016) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.91 , pp. 760-767
    • Shi, J.J.1    Zhang, J.G.2    Sun, Y.H.3    Xu, Q.X.4    Li, L.5    Prasad, C.6
  • 48
    • 0036855371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a rapidly developing area of biotechnology for cancer therapy and other bioactivities
    • Smith, J. E., Rowan, N. J., and Sullivan, R. (2002). a rapidly developing area of biotechnology for cancer therapy and other bioactivities. Biotechnol. Lett. 24, 1839-1845. doi: 10.1023/A:1020994628109
    • (2002) Biotechnol. Lett , vol.24 , pp. 1839-1845
    • Smith, J.E.1    Rowan, N.J.2    Sullivan, R.3
  • 49
    • 84968724564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from Pyracantha fortuneana (Se-PFPs) inhibit the growth and invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells through inhibiting beta-catenin signaling
    • Sun, Q., Dong, M., Wang, Z., Wang, C., Sheng, D., Li, Z., et al. (2016). Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from Pyracantha fortuneana (Se-PFPs) inhibit the growth and invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells through inhibiting beta-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 7, 28369-28383. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8619
    • (2016) Oncotarget , vol.7 , pp. 28369-28383
    • Sun, Q.1    Dong, M.2    Wang, Z.3    Wang, C.4    Sheng, D.5    Li, Z.6
  • 50
    • 84964599076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic study of the anti-cancer effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model
    • Tai, W. C., Wong, W. Y., Lee, M. M., Chan, B. D., Lu, C., and Hsiao, W. L. (2016). Mechanistic study of the anti-cancer effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model. Proteomics 16, 1557-1569. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201500293
    • (2016) Proteomics , vol.16 , pp. 1557-1569
    • Tai, W.C.1    Wong, W.Y.2    Lee, M.M.3    Chan, B.D.4    Lu, C.5    Hsiao, W.L.6
  • 51
    • 33746214603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical properties and antitumor activities of water-soluble native and sulfated hyperbranched mushroom polysaccharides
    • Tao, Y., Zhang, L., and Cheung, P. C. (2006). Physicochemical properties and antitumor activities of water-soluble native and sulfated hyperbranched mushroom polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Res. 341, 2261-2269. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.05.024
    • (2006) Carbohydr. Res , vol.341 , pp. 2261-2269
    • Tao, Y.1    Zhang, L.2    Cheung, P.C.3
  • 52
    • 0033119801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells
    • Tetsu, O., and McCormick, F. (1999). beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells. Nature 398, 422-426. doi: 10.1038/18884
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 422-426
    • Tetsu, O.1    McCormick, F.2
  • 53
    • 85009818965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice
    • Wang, J., Li, W., Huang, X., Liu, Y., Li, Q., Zheng, Z., et al. (2017). A polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes inhibits human colon cancer cell proliferation and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Oncotarget 8, 610-623. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13481
    • (2017) Oncotarget , vol.8 , pp. 610-623
    • Wang, J.1    Li, W.2    Huang, X.3    Liu, Y.4    Li, Q.5    Zheng, Z.6
  • 54
    • 77953357710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfated modification can enhance the immune-enhancing activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides
    • Wang, J., Hu, Y., Wang, D., Liu, J., Zhang, J., Abula, S., et al. (2010). Sulfated modification can enhance the immune-enhancing activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. Cell Immunol. 263, 219-223. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.04.001
    • (2010) Cell Immunol , vol.263 , pp. 219-223
    • Wang, J.1    Hu, Y.2    Wang, D.3    Liu, J.4    Zhang, J.5    Abula, S.6
  • 55
    • 70349855202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antitumor activities of different polysaccharide fractions from the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl
    • Wang, J.-H., Luo, J.-P., Zha, X.-Q., and Feng, B.-J. (2010). Comparison of antitumor activities of different polysaccharide fractions from the stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Carbohydr. Polym. 79, 114-118. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.04.001
    • (2010) Carbohydr. Polym , vol.79 , pp. 114-118
    • Wang, J.-H.1    Luo, J.-P.2    Zha, X.-Q.3    Feng, B.-J.4
  • 56
    • 0035845099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern thermodynamics in CVD of hard materials
    • Wang, J. T., Zhang, D. W., and Shen, J. Y. (2001). Modern thermodynamics in CVD of hard materials. Int. J. Refract. Metals Hard Mater. 19, 461-466. doi: 10.1016/S0263-4368(01)00021-X
    • (2001) Int. J. Refract. Metals Hard Mater , vol.19 , pp. 461-466
    • Wang, J.T.1    Zhang, D.W.2    Shen, J.Y.3
  • 57
    • 84866149907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from broken-spore of Ganoderma lucidum
    • Wang, P. Y., Zhu, X. L., and Lin, Z. B. (2012). Antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from broken-spore of Ganoderma lucidum. Front. Pharmacol. 3:135. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00135
    • (2012) Front. Pharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 135
    • Wang, P.Y.1    Zhu, X.L.2    Lin, Z.B.3
  • 58
    • 0037179551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Bcl-2 family molecules and activation of caspase cascade involved in gypenosides-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells
    • Wang, Q. F., Chen, J. C., Hsieh, S. J., Cheng, C. C., and Hsu, S. L. (2002). Regulation of Bcl-2 family molecules and activation of caspase cascade involved in gypenosides-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett. 183, 169-178. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00828-X
    • (2002) Cancer Lett , vol.183 , pp. 169-178
    • Wang, Q.F.1    Chen, J.C.2    Hsieh, S.J.3    Cheng, C.C.4    Hsu, S.L.5
  • 59
    • 0030935175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes
    • Wang, S. Y., Hsu, M. L., Hsu, H. C., Tzeng, C. H., Lee, S. S., Shiao, M. S., et al. (1997). The anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum is mediated by cytokines released from activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer 70, 699-705. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970317)70:6<699::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-5
    • (1997) Int. J. Cancer , vol.70 , pp. 699-705
    • Wang, S.Y.1    Hsu, M.L.2    Hsu, H.C.3    Tzeng, C.H.4    Lee, S.S.5    Shiao, M.S.6
  • 60
    • 84925653530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activities of Se-enriched tea polysaccharides
    • Wang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, X., and Wei, X. (2015). Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activities of Se-enriched tea polysaccharides. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 77, 76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.052
    • (2015) Int. J. Biol. Macromol , vol.77 , pp. 76-84
    • Wang, Y.1    Li, Y.2    Liu, Y.3    Chen, X.4    Wei, X.5
  • 61
    • 0037210695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides
    • Wasser, S. P. (2002). Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60, 258-274. doi: 10.1007/s00253-002-1076-7
    • (2002) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.60 , pp. 258-274
    • Wasser, S.P.1
  • 62
    • 0002017944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal properties of substances occurring in higher basidiomycetes mushrooms: current perspectives (Review)
    • Wasser, S. P., and Weis, A. L. (1999). Medicinal properties of substances occurring in higher basidiomycetes mushrooms: current perspectives (Review). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 1, 31-62. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v1.i1.30
    • (1999) Int. J. Med. Mushrooms , vol.1 , pp. 31-62
    • Wasser, S.P.1    Weis, A.L.2
  • 63
    • 84929087819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of phenolics in litchi and evaluation of anticancer cell proliferation activity and intracellular antioxidant activity
    • Wen, L., You, L., Yang, X., Yang, J., Chen, F., Jiang, Y., et al. (2015). Identification of phenolics in litchi and evaluation of anticancer cell proliferation activity and intracellular antioxidant activity. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 84, 171-184. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.023
    • (2015) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.84 , pp. 171-184
    • Wen, L.1    You, L.2    Yang, X.3    Yang, J.4    Chen, F.5    Jiang, Y.6
  • 64
    • 0036625964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promise and obstacle of p53 as a cancer therapeutic agent
    • Willis, A. C., and Chen, X. (2002). The promise and obstacle of p53 as a cancer therapeutic agent. Curr. Mol. Med. 2, 329-345. doi: 10.2174/1566524023362474
    • (2002) Curr. Mol. Med , vol.2 , pp. 329-345
    • Willis, A.C.1    Chen, X.2
  • 65
    • 84976295519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization, characterization, sulfation and antitumor activity of neutral polysaccharides from the fruit of Borojoa sorbilis cuter
    • Xu, F., Liao, K., Wu, Y., Pan, Q., Wu, L., Jiao, H., et al. (2016). Optimization, characterization, sulfation and antitumor activity of neutral polysaccharides from the fruit of Borojoa sorbilis cuter. Carbohydr. Polym. 151, 364-372. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.091
    • (2016) Carbohydr. Polym , vol.151 , pp. 364-372
    • Xu, F.1    Liao, K.2    Wu, Y.3    Pan, Q.4    Wu, L.5    Jiao, H.6
  • 66
    • 85012070548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new synthetic H2S-releasing SDSS protects MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts against H2O2-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting MAPKs, and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway
    • Yan, X., Wu, H., Wu, Z., Hua, F., Liang, D., Sun, H., et al. (2017). The new synthetic H2S-releasing SDSS protects MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts against H2O2-induced apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting MAPKs, and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Front. Pharmacol. 8:07. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00007
    • (2017) Front. Pharmacol , vol.8 , pp. 07
    • Yan, X.1    Wu, H.2    Wu, Z.3    Hua, F.4    Liang, D.5    Sun, H.6
  • 67
    • 84978160653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fucoidan inhibits lymphangiogenesis by downregulating the expression of VEGFR3 and PROX1 in human lymphatic endothelial cells
    • Yang, Y., Gao, Z., Ma, Y., Teng, H., Liu, Z., Wei, H., et al. (2016). Fucoidan inhibits lymphangiogenesis by downregulating the expression of VEGFR3 and PROX1 in human lymphatic endothelial cells. Oncotarget 7, 38025-38035. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.9443
    • (2016) Oncotarget , vol.7 , pp. 38025-38035
    • Yang, Y.1    Gao, Z.2    Ma, Y.3    Teng, H.4    Liu, Z.5    Wei, H.6
  • 68
    • 0031696012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium hydroxide-induced conformational change in schizophyllan detected by the fluorescence dye, aniline blue
    • Young, S.-H., and Jacobs, R. R. (1998). Sodium hydroxide-induced conformational change in schizophyllan detected by the fluorescence dye, aniline blue. Carbohydr. Res. 310, 91-99. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00167-0
    • (1998) Carbohydr. Res , vol.310 , pp. 91-99
    • Young, S.-H.1    Jacobs, R.R.2
  • 69
    • 34447259740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on their isolation process, structural characteristics and antitumor activity
    • Zhang, M., Cui, S. W., Cheung, P. C. K., and Wang, Q. (2007). Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on their isolation process, structural characteristics and antitumor activity. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 18, 4-19. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2006.07.013
    • (2007) Trends Food Sci. Technol , vol.18 , pp. 4-19
    • Zhang, M.1    Cui, S.W.2    Cheung, P.C.K.3    Wang, Q.4
  • 70
    • 0034618220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of urea and sodium hydroxide on the molecular weight and conformation of α-(1→3)-d-glucan from Lentinus edodes in aqueous solution
    • Zhang, P., Zhang, L., and Cheng, S. (2000). Effects of urea and sodium hydroxide on the molecular weight and conformation of α-(1→3)-d-glucan from Lentinus edodes in aqueous solution. Carbohydr. Res. 327, 431-438. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)00077-X
    • (2000) Carbohydr. Res , vol.327 , pp. 431-438
    • Zhang, P.1    Zhang, L.2    Cheng, S.3
  • 71
    • 84964938503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes combined with oxaliplatin possesses the synergy and attenuation effect in hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Wang, J., Cheng, F., Huang, X., Cheng, Y., et al. (2016). Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes combined with oxaliplatin possesses the synergy and attenuation effect in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 377, 117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.037
    • (2016) Cancer Lett , vol.377 , pp. 117-125
    • Zhang, Y.1    Li, Q.2    Wang, J.3    Cheng, F.4    Huang, X.5    Cheng, Y.6
  • 72
    • 84994047127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of the water-soluble polysaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds
    • Zheng, Y., Wang, Q., Zhuang, W., Lu, X., Miron, A., Chai, T. T., et al. (2016). Cytotoxic, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of the water-soluble polysaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) seeds. Molecules 21, 1465. doi: 10.3390/molecules21111465
    • (2016) Molecules , vol.21 , pp. 1465
    • Zheng, Y.1    Wang, Q.2    Zhuang, W.3    Lu, X.4    Miron, A.5    Chai, T.T.6
  • 73
    • 84908666005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple species of wild tree peonies gave rise to the 'king of flowers', Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews
    • Zhou, S. L., Zou, X. H., Zhou, Z. Q., Liu, J., Xu, C., Yu, J., et al. (2014). Multiple species of wild tree peonies gave rise to the 'king of flowers', Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Proc. Biol. Sci. 281:20141687. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1687
    • (2014) Proc. Biol. Sci , vol.281
    • Zhou, S.L.1    Zou, X.H.2    Zhou, Z.Q.3    Liu, J.4    Xu, C.5    Yu, J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.