Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging

Ageing Research Reviews

Volumn 39, Issue , 2017, Pages 59-67

  Manoogian, Emily N C ^a   Panda, Satchidananda ^a,b  

^a SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES   (United States)

^b San Diego   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Circadian rhythms; Health; Metabolism; Time restricted feeding

Indexed keywords

GLUCAGON; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN;

AGE; AGING; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DIET RESTRICTION; DROSOPHILA; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MICROBIOME; MOLECULAR CLOCK; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; ANIMAL; ENERGY METABOLISM; HEALTHY AGING;

AGING; ANIMALS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; ENERGY METABOLISM; FASTING; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HEALTHY AGING; HUMANS;

EID: 85009511217     PISSN: 15681637     EISSN: 18729649     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.006     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Akram, M., A focused review of the role of ketone bodies in health and disease. J. Med. Food 0 (2013), 1–3, 10.1089/jmf.2012.2592.
2. Ancoli-Israel, S., Gehrman, P., Martin, J.L., Shochat, T., Marler, M., Corey-Bloom, J., Levi, L., Increased light exposure consolidates sleep and strengthens circadian rhythms in severe Alzheimer's disease patients. Behav. Sleep Med. 1 (2003), 22–36, 10.1207/S15402010BSM0101_4.
3. Antoniadis, E.A., Ko, C.H., Ralph, M.R., McDonald, R.J., Circadian rhythms, aging and memory. Behav. Brain Res. 111 (2000), 25–37, 10.1016/S0166-4328(00)00145-5.
4. Asher, G., Sassone-Corsi, P., Time for food: the intimate interplay between nutrition, metabolism, and the circadian clock. Cell 161 (2015), 84–92, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.015.
5. Bass, J., Takahashi, J.S., Circadian integration of metabolism and energetics. Science 330 (2010), 1349–1354, 10.1126/science.1195027.
6. Bell-Pedersen, D., Cassone, V.M., Earnest, D.J., Golden, S.S., Hardin, P.E., Thomas, T.L., Zoran, M.J., Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators: lessons from diverse organisms. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6 (2005), 544–556, 10.1038/nrg1633.
7. Borgs, L., Beukelaers, P., Vandenbosch, R., Nguyen, L., Moonen, G., Maquet, P., Albrecht, U., Belachew, S., Malgrange, B., Period 2 regulates neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus. BMC Neurosci., 10, 2009, 30, 10.1186/1471-2202-10-30.
8. Bozek, K., Relógio, A., Kielbasa, S.M., Heine, M., Dame, C., Kramer, A., Herzel, H., Regulation of clock-controlled genes in mammals. PLoS One, 4, 2009, 10.1371/journal.pone.0004882.
9. Castanon-Cervantes, O., Wu, M., Ehlen, J.C., Paul, K., Gamble, K.L., Johnson, R.L., Besing, R.C., Menaker, M., Gewirtz, A.T., Davidson, A.J., Dysregulation of inflammatory responses by chronic circadian disruption. J. Immunol. 185 (2010), 5796–5805, 10.4049/jimmunol.1001026.
10. Castillo, M.R., Hochstetler, K.J., Tavernier, R.J., Greene, D.M., Bult-Ito, A., Entrainment of the master circadian clock by scheduled feeding. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (2004), R551–R555, 10.1152/ajpregu.00247.2004.
11. Chaix, A., Zarrinpar, A., The effects of time-restricted feeding on lipid metabolism and adiposity. Adipocyte 4 (2015), 319–324, 10.1080/21623945.2015.1025184.
12. Chaix, A., Zarrinpar, A., Miu, P., Panda, S., Time-restricted feeding is a preventative and therapeutic intervention against diverse nutritional challenges. Cell Metab. 20 (2014), 991–1005, 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.001.
13. Cho, H., Zhao, X., Hatori, M., Yu, R.T., Barish, G.D., Lam, M.T., Chong, L.-W., DiTacchio, L., Atkins, A.R., Glass, C.K., Liddle, C., Auwerx, J., Downes, M., Panda, S., Evans, R.M., Regulation of circadian behavior and metabolism by REV-ERB-α and REV-ERB-β. Nature 485 (2012), 123–127, 10.1038/nature11048.
14. Cho, K., Chronic jet lag produces temporal lobe atrophy and spatial cognitive deficits. Nat. Neurosci. 4 (2001), 567–568, 10.1038/88384.
15. Cho, K., Ennaceur, A., Cole, J.C., Suh, C.K., Chronic jet lag produces cognitive deficits. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000), 1–5.
16. Civitarese, A.E., Carling, S., Heilbronn, L.K., Hulver, M.H., Ukropcova, B., Deutsch, W.A., Smith, S.R., Ravussin, E., Calorie restriction increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in healthy humans. PLoS Med. 4 (2007), 485–494, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040076.
17. Craig, L.A., McDonald, R.J., Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms impairs hippocampal memory in the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 76 (2008), 141–151, 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.013.
18. D'Agostino, D.P., Pilla, R., Held, H.E., Landon, C.S., Puchowicz, M., Brunengraber, H., Ari, C., Arnold, P., Dean, J.B., Therapeutic ketosis with ketone ester delays central nervous system oxygen toxicity seizures in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 304 (2013), R829–R836, 10.1152/ajpregu.00506.2012.
19. Daan, S., Pittendrigh, C.S., A Functional analysis of circadian pacemakers in nocturnal rodents − II. The variability of phase response curves. J. Comp. Physiol. A 106 (1976), 253–266, 10.1007/BF01417857.
20. Dallmann, R., Okyar, A., L??vi, F., Dosing-time makes the poison: circadian regulation and pharmacotherapy. Trends Mol. Med., 2016, 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.03.004.
21. Damiola, F., Le Minli, N., Preitner, N., Kornmann, B., Fleury-Olela, F., Schibler, U., Restricted feeding uncouples circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues from the central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes Dev. 14 (2000), 2950–2961, 10.1101/gad.183500.
22. Davidson, A.J., Sellix, M.T., Yamazaki, S., Menaker, M., Block, G.D., Chronic jet-lag increases mortality in aged mice. Curr. Biol. 16 (2006), R914–R916, 10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.058.
23. Dibner, C., Schibler, U., Albrecht, U., The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and peripheral clocks. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2010, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821.
24. Dickmeis, T., Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock. J. Endocrinol., 2009, 10.1677/JOE-08-0415.
25. Dijk, D.J., Duffy, J.F., Czeisler, C.a., Age-related increase in awakenings: impaired consolidation of nonREM sleep at all circadian phases. Sleep 24 (2001), 565–577.
26. Dijk, D.J., Duffy, J.F., Kiel, E., Shanahan, T.L., Czeisler, C.A., Ageing and the circadian and homeostatic regulation of human sleep during forced desynchrony of rest, melatonin and temperature rhythms. J. Physiol. 516 (1999), 611–627, 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0611v.x.
27. Edgar, R.S., Green, E.W., Zhao, Y., van Ooijen, G., Olmedo, M., Qin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, M., Valekunja, U.K., Feeney, K.A., Maywood, E.S., Hastings, M.H., Baliga, N.S., Merrow, M., Millar, A.J., Johnson, C.H., Kyriacou, C.P., O'Neill, J.S., Reddy, A.B., Peroxiredoxins are conserved markers of circadian rhythms. Nature 485 (2012), 459–464, 10.1038/nature11088.
28. Emery, P., So, W.V., Kaneko, M., Hall, J.C., Rosbash, M., CRY, a Drosophila clock and light-regulated cryptochrome, is a major contributor to circadian rhythm resetting and photosensitivity. Cell 95 (1998), 669–679, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81637-2.
29. Farajnia, S., Michel Deboer, S., vanderLeest, T., Houben, H.T., Rohling, T., Ramkisoensing, J.H.T., Yasenkov, A., Meijer, R., Evidence for neuronal desynchrony in the aged suprachiasmatic nucleus clock. J. Neurosci. 32 (2012), 5891–5899, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0469-12.2012.
30. Figurov, A., Pozzo-Miller, L.D., Olafsson, P., Wang, T., Lu, B., Regulation of synaptic responses to high-frequency stimulation and LTP by neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Nature 381 (1996), 706–709, 10.1038/381706a0.
31. Fu, L., Pelicano, H., Liu, J., Huang, P., Lee, C., The circadian gene period2 plays an important role in tumor suppression and DNA damage response in vivo. Cell 111 (2002), 41–50, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01223-0.
32. Gamble, K.L., Berry, R., Frank, S.J., Young, A., Circadian clock control of endocrine factors. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 10:8 (2015), 466–475, 10.1038/nrendo.2014.78.Circadian (2014 August).
33. Gibson, E.M., Wang, C., Tjho, S., Khattar, N., Kriegsfeld, L.J., Experimental jet lag inhibits adult neurogenesis and produces long-term cognitive deficits in female hamsters. PLoS One, 5, 2010, 10.1371/journal.pone.0015267.
34. Gill, S., Le, H.D., Melkani, G.C., Panda, S., Time-restricted feeding attenuates age-related cardiac decline in Drosophila. Science 347:80 (2015), 1265–1269, 10.1126/science.1256682.
35. Goel, N., Stunkard, A.J., Rogers, N.L., Van Dongen, H.P.A., Allison, K.C., O'Reardon, J.P., Ahima, R.S., Cummings, D.E., Heo, M., Dinges, D.F., Circadian rhythm profiles in women with night eating syndrome. J. Biol. Rhythms 24 (2009), 85–94, 10.1177/0748730408328914.
36. Guo, H., Guo, H., Brewer, J.M., Lehman, M.N., Bittman, E.L., Suprachiasmatic regulation of circadian rhythms of gene expression in hamster peripheral organs: effects of transplanting the pacemaker. J. Neurosci. 26 (2006), 6406–6412, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4676-05.2006.
37. Hall, J., Thomas, K.L., Everitt, B.J., Rapid and selective induction of BDNF expression in the hippocampus during contextual learning. Nat. Neurosci. 3 (2000), 533–535, 10.1038/75698.
38. Hardy, J., Selkoe, D.J., The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297 (2002), 353–356, 10.1126/science.1072994.
39. Hastings, M., O'Neill, J.S., Maywood, E.S., Circadian clocks: regulators of endocrine and metabolic rhythms. J. Endocrinol., 2007, 10.1677/JOE-07-0378.
40. Hastings, M.H., Reddy, A.B., Maywood, E.S., A clockwork web: circadian timing in brain and periphery, in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4 (2003), 649–661, 10.1038/nrn1177.
41. Hatori, M., Vollmers, C., Zarrinpar, A., DiTacchio, L., Bushong, E.A., Gill, S., Leblanc, M., Chaix, A., Joens, M., Fitzpatrick, J.A.J., Ellisman, M.H., Panda, S., Time-restricted feeding without reducing caloric intake prevents metabolic diseases in mice fed a high-fat diet. Cell Metab. 15 (2012), 848–860, 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.019.
42. Hirayama, J., Sassone-Corsi, P., Structural and functional features of transcription factors controlling the circadian clock. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 15 (2005), 548–556, 10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.003.
43. Huang, W., Ramsey, K.M., Marcheva, B., Bass, J., Circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism. J. Clin. Invest., 2011, 10.1172/JCI46043.
44. Huang, Y., Liu, R., Wang, Q., Someren, E.J.W., Van Xu, H., Zhou, J., Age-associated difference in circadian sleep −wake and rest −activity rhythms. Physiol. Behav. 76 (2002), 597–603.
45. Hunt, T., Sassone-Corsi, P., Riding tandem: circadian clocks and the cell cycle. Cell 129 (2007), 461–464, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.015.
46. Hurd, M.W., Ralph, M.R., The significance of circadian organization for longevity in the golden hamster. J. Biol. Rhythms 13 (1998), 430–436, 10.1177/074873098129000255.
47. Jessberger, S., Clark, R.E., Broadbent, N.J., Clemenson, G.D., Consiglio, A., Lie, D.C., Squire, L.R., Gage, F.H., Dentate gyrus-specific knockdown of adult neurogenesis impairs spatial and object recognition memory in adult rats. Learn. Mem. 16 (2009), 147–154, 10.1101/lm.1172609.
48. Kalsbeek, A., Foppen, E., Schalij, I., Van Heijningen, C., van der Vliet, J., Fliers, E., Buijs, R.M., Circadian control of the daily plasma glucose rhythm: an interplay of GABA and glutamate. PLoS One, 3, 2008, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003194.
49. Kamdar, B.B., Tergas, A.I., Mateen, F.J., Bhayani, N.H., Oh, J., Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 138 (2013), 291–301, 10.1007/s10549-013-2433-1.
50. Karatsoreos, I.N., Bhagat, S., Bloss, E.B., Morrison, J.H., McEwen, B.S., Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 (2011), 1657–1662, 10.1073/pnas.1018375108.
51. Kondratov, R.V., Kondratova, A.A., Gorbacheva, V.Y., Vykhovanets, O.V., Antoch, M.P., Early aging and age-related pathologies in mice deficient in BMAL1, the core component of the circadian clock. Genes Dev. 20 (2006), 1868–1873, 10.1101/gad.1432206.
52. Korte, M., Carrolltt, P., Wolf, E., Brem, G., Thoenent, H., Bonhoeffer, T., Brain-Derived Neurotrophic 92 (1995), 8856–8860.
53. Lamia, K.A., Sachdeva, U.M., DiTacchio, L., Williams, E.C., Alvarez, J.G., Egan, D.F., Vasquez, D.S., Juguilon, H., Panda, S., Shaw, R.J., Thompson, C.B., Evans, R.M., AMPK regulates the circadian clock by cryptochrome phosphorylation and degradation. Science 326 (2009), 437–440, 10.1126/science.1172156.
54. Lamia, K. a., Papp, S.J., Yu, R.T., Barish, G.D., Uhlenhaut, N.H., Jonker, J.W., Downes, M., Evans, R.M., Cryptochromes mediate rhythmic repression of the glucocorticoid receptor. Nature 480 (2011), 552–556, 10.1038/nature10700.
55. Le Martelot, G., Claudel, T., Gatfield, D., Schaad, O., Kornmann, B., Lo Sasso, G., Moschetta, A., Schibler, U., REV-ERB?? participates in circadian SREBP signaling and bile acid homeostasis. PLoS Biol., 2009, 7, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000181.
56. Lee, C., Etchegaray, J.P., Cagampang, F.R.A., Loudon, A.S.I., Reppert, S.M., Posttranslational mechanisms regulate the mammalian circadian clock. Cell 107 (2001), 855–867, 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00610-9.
57. Lee, C., Longo, V., Dietary restriction with and without caloric restriction for healthy aging. F1000Research 5 (2016), 1–7, 10.12688/f1000research.7136.1.
58. LeSauter, J., Silver, R., Output signals of the SCN. Chronobiol. Int, 1998.
59. Levi, F., Schibler, U., Circadian rhythms: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 47 (2007), 593–628, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105208.
60. Lightman, S.L., Wiles, C.C., Atkinson, H.C., Henley, D.E., Russell, G.M., Leendertz, J.A., McKenna, M.A., Spiga, F., Wood, S.A., Conway-Campbell, B.L., The significance of glucocorticoid pulsatility. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.11.073.
61. Loudon, A.S.I., Circadian biology: a 2.5 billion year old clock. Curr. Biol., 2012, 22, 10.1016/j.cub.2012.06.023.
62. Manoogian, E.N.C., Panda, S., Circadian clock, nutrient quality, and eating pattern tune diurnal rhythms in the mitochondrial proteome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2016, 10–12, 10.1073/pnas.1601786113.
63. Martino, T., Arab, S., Straume, M., Belsham, D.D., Tata, N., Cai, F., Liu, P., Trivieri, M., Ralph, M., Sole, M.J., Day/night rhythms in gene expression of the normal murine heart. J. Mol. Med. 82 (2004), 256–264, 10.1007/s00109-003-0520-1.
64. Matsuo, T., Yamaguchi, S., Mitsui, S., Emi, A., Shimoda, F., Okamura, H., Control mechanism of the circadian clock for timing of cell division in vivo. Science 302 (2003), 255–259, 10.1126/science.1086271.
65. Matthews, S.G., Challis, J.R., CRH and AVP-induced changes in synthesis and release of ACTH from the ovine fetal pituitary in vitro: negative influences of cortisol. Endocrine 6 (1997), 293–300, 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.019.
66. Maywood, E.S., O'Neill, J., Wong, G.K.Y., Reddy, A.B., Hastings, M.H., Circadian timing in health and disease. Prog. Brain Res. 153 (2006), 253–269, 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)53015-8.
67. McCarthy, J.J., Andrews, J.L., McDearmon, E.L., Campbell, K.S., Barber, B.K., Miller, B.H., Walker, J.R., Hogenesch, J.B., Takahashi, J.S., Esser, K.A., Identification of the circadian transcriptome in adult mouse skeletal muscle. Physiol. Genomics 31 (2007), 86–95, 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2007.
68. Mieda, M., Ono, D., Hasegawa, E., Okamoto, H., Honma, K., ichi, Honma, S., Sakurai, T, Cellular clocks in AVP neurons of the scn are critical for interneuronal coupling regulating circadian behavior rhythm. Neuron 85 (2015), 1103–1116, 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.005.
69. Mizuno, M., Yamada, K., Olariu, A., Nawa, H., Nabeshima, T., Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in spatial memory formation and maintenance in a radial arm maze test in rats. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000), 7116–7121 (20/18/7116 [pii]).
70. Monk, T.H., Aging human circadian rhythms: conventional wisdom may not always be right. J. Biol. Rhythms 20 (2005), 366–374, 10.1177/0748730405277378.
71. Mühlbauer, E., Wolgast, S., Finckh, U., Peschke, D., Peschke, E., Indication of circadian oscillations in the rat pancreas. FEBS Lett. 564 (2004), 91–96, 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00322-9.
72. Nakamura, T.J., Nakamura, W., Yamazaki, S., Kudo, T., Cutler, T., Colwell, C.S., Block, G.D., Age-related decline in circadian output. J. Neurosci. 31 (2011), 10201–10205, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0451-11.2011.
73. Narasimamurthy, R., Hatori, M., Nayak, S.K., Liu, F., Panda, S., Verma, I.M., Circadian clock protein cryptochrome regulates the expression of proin fl ammatory cytokines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109 (2012), 12662–12667, 10.1073/pnas.1209965109/-/DCSupplemental.www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1209965109.
74. Neufeld-Cohen, A., Robles, M.S., Aviram, R., Manella, G., Adamovich, Y., Ladeuix, B., Nir, D., Rousso-Noori, L., Kuperman, Y., Golik, M., Mann, M., Asher, G., Circadian control of oscillations in mitochondrial rate-limiting enzymes and nutrient utilization by PERIOD proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113 (2016), E1673–82, 10.1073/pnas.1519650113.
75. Nygård, M., Hill, R.H., Wikström, M.A., Kristensson, K., Age-related changes in electrophysiological properties of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro. Brain Res. Bull. 65 (2005), 149–154, 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.12.006.
76. Nygård, M., Palomba, M., The GABAergic network in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a key regulator of the biological clock: does it change during senescence?. Chronobiol. Int. 23 (2006), 427–435, 10.1080/07420520500545938.
77. Ortiz-Tudela, E., Innominato, P.F., Rol, M.A., Lévi, F., Madrid, J.A., Relevance of internal time and circadian robustness for cancer patients. BMC Cancer, 16, 2016, 285, 10.1186/s12885-016-2319-9.
78. Patterson, S.L., Abel, T., Deuel, T.A.S., Martin, K.C., Rose, J.C., Kandel, E.R., Recombinant BDNF rescues deficits in basal synaptic transmission and hippocampal LTP in BDNF knockout mice. Neuron 16 (1996), 1137–1145, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80140-3.
79. Peek, C.B., Affinati, A.H., Ramsey, K.M., Kuo, H.-Y., Yu, W., Sena, L.A., Ilkayeva, O., Marcheva, B., Kobayashi, Y., Omura, C., Levine, D.C., Bacsik, D.J., Gius, D., Newgard, C.B., Goetzman, E., Chandel, N.S., Denu, J.M., Mrksich, M., Bass, J., Circadian clock NAD+ cycle drives mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in mice. Science, 342, 2013, 7, 10.1126/science.1243417.
80. Pendergast, J.S., Branecky, K.L., Yang, W., Ellacott, K.L.J., Niswender, K.D., Yamazaki, S., High-fat diet acutely affects circadian organization and eating behavior. Eur. J. Neurosci. 37 (2013), 1350–1356, 10.1111/ejn.12133.
81. Phillips, H.S., Hains, J.M., Armanini, M., Laramee, G.R., Johnson, S.A., Winslow, J.W., BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 7 (1991), 695–702, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90273-3.
82. Proper, K.I., van de Langenberg, D., Rodenburg, W., Vermeulen, R.C., van der Beek, A.J., van Steeg, H., van Kerkhof, L.W., The relationship between shift work and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Am. J. Prev. Med., 2016, 1–11, 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.013.
83. Qian, J., Scheer, F.A.J.L., Circadian system and glucose metabolism: implications for physiology and disease. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 27 (2016), 282–293, 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.005.
84. Ralph, M.R., Foster, R.G., Davis, F.C., Menaker, M., Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period. Science 247 (1990), 975–978, 10.1126/science.2305266.
85. Ramsey, K.M., Yoshino, J., Brace, C.S., Abrassart, D., Kobayashi, Y., Marcheva, B., Hong, H.-K., Chong, J.L., Buhr, E.D., Lee, C., Takahashi, J.S., Imai, S., Bass, J., Circadian clock feedback cycle through NAMPT-mediated NAD(+) biosynthesis. Science 324:80 (2009), 651–654, 10.1126/science.1171641.
86. Reddy, A.B., Karp, N.A., Maywood, E.S., Sage, E.A., Deery, M., O'Neill, J.S., Wong, G.K.Y., Chesham, J., Odell, M., Lilley, K.S., Kyriacou, C.P., Hastings, M.H., Circadian orchestration of the hepatic proteome. Curr. Biol. 16 (2006), 1107–1115, 10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.026.
87. Robles, M.S., Cox, J., Mann, M., In-vivo quantitative proteomics reveals a key contribution of post-Transcriptional mechanisms to the circadian regulation of liver metabolism. PLoS Genet., 2014, 10, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004047.
88. Roh, J.H., Huang, Y., Bero, A.W., Kasten, T., Stewart, F.R., Bateman, R.J., Holtzman, D.M., Sleep-wake cycle and diurnal fluctuation of amyloid-β as biomarkers of brain amyloid pathology. Sci. Transl. Med. 4 (2012), 1–20, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004291.
89. Roozendaal, B., van Gool, W.A., Swaab, D.F., Hoogendijk, J.E., Mirmiran, M., Changes in vasopressin cells of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus with aging. Brain Res. 409 (1987), 259–264, 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90710-4.
90. Rusak, B., Robertson, H., a Wisden, W., Hunt, S.P., Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science 248 (1990), 1237–1240.
91. Sadacca, L.A., Lamia, K.A., DeLemos, A.S., Blum, B., Weitz, C.J., An intrinsic circadian clock of the pancreas is required for normal insulin release and glucose homeostasis in mice. Diabetologia 54 (2011), 120–124, 10.1007/s00125-010-1920-8.
92. Schaaf, M.J., Duurland, R., de Kloet, E.R., Vreugdenhil, E., Circadian variation in BDNF mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 75 (2000), 342–344 (S0169328 × 99003149 [pii]).
93. Scheer, F., a, J.L., Hilton, M.F., Mantzoros, C.S., Shea, S.a., Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 (2009), 4453–4458, 10.1073/pnas.0808180106.
94. Schibler, U., Schibler, U., Ripperger, J., Ripperger, J., Brown, S.a., Brown, S.a., Peripheral circadian oscillators in mammals: time and food. J. Biol. Rhythms 18 (2003), 250–260, 10.1177/0748730403253381.
95. Sharma, S., Kavuru, M., Sleep and metabolism: an overview. Int. J. Endocrinol., 2010, 10.1155/2010/270832.
96. Sherman, H., Genzer, Y., Cohen, R., Chapnik, N., Madar, Z., Froy, O., Timed high-fat diet resets circadian metabolism and prevents obesity. FASEB J. 26 (2012), 3493–3502, 10.1096/fj.12-208868.
97. So, A.Y.-L., Bernal, T.U., Pillsbury, M.L., Yamamoto, K.R., Feldman, B.J., Glucocorticoid regulation of the circadian clock modulates glucose homeostasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106 (2009), 17582–17587, 10.1073/pnas.0909733106.
98. Stokkan, K., Yamazaki, S., Tei, H., Sakaki, Y., Menaker, M., Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding. Science 291:80 (2001), 490–493, 10.1126/science.291.5503.490.
99. Storch, K.-F., Lipan, O., Leykin, I., Viswanathan, N., Davis, F.C., Wong, W.H., Weitz, C.J., Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart. Nature 417 (2002), 78–83, 10.1038/nature744.
100. Sun, C., Zhang, F., Ge, X., Yan, T., Chen, X., Shi, X., Zhai, Q., SIRT1 improves insulin sensitivity under insulin-Resistant conditions by repressing PTP1B. Cell Metab. 6 (2007), 307–319, 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.08.014.
101. Tamai, S.I., Sanada, K., Fukada, Y., Time-of-day-dependent enhancement of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. PLoS One, 3, 2008, 10.1371/journal.pone.0003835.
102. Torra, I.P., Tsibulsky, V., Delaunay, F., Saladin, R., Laudet, V., Fruchart, J.C., Kosykh, V., Staels, B., Circadian and glucocorticoid regulation of Rev-erbalpha expression in liver. Endocrinology 141 (2000), 3799–3806, 10.1210/en.141.10.3799.
103. Van Someren, E.J.W., Hagebeuk, E.E.O., Lijzenga, C., Scheltens, P., De Rooij, S.E.J.A., Jonker, C., Pot, A.M., Mirmiran, M., Swaab, D.F., Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Biol. Psychiatry 40 (1996), 259–270, 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00370-3.
104. Vieira, E., Merino, B., Quesada, I., Role of the clock gene Rev-erbα in metabolism and in the endocrine pancreas. Diabetes Obes. Metab., 2015, 10.1111/dom.12522.
105. Viswanathan, N., Davis, F.C., Suprachiasmatic nucleus grafts restore circadian function in aged hamsters. Brain Res. 686 (1995), 10–16, 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00423-N.
106. Voigt, R.M., Forsyth, C.B., Green, S.J., Mutlu, E., Engen, P., Vitaterna, M.H., Turek, F.W., Keshavarzian, A., Circadian Disorganization Alters Intestinal Microbiota, 9, 2014, 10.1371/journal.pone.0097500.
107. Voigt, R.M., Summa, K.C., Forsyth, C.B., Green, S.J., Engen, P., Naqib, A., Vitaterna, M.H., Turek, F.W., Keshavarzian, A., The circadian clock mutation promotes intestinal dysbiosis. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 40 (2016), 335–347, 10.1111/acer.12943.
108. Volicer, L., Harper, D.G., Manning, B.C., Goldstein, R., Satlin, A., Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Psychiatry 158 (2001), 704–711, 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.704.
109. Vyas, M.V., Garg, a. X., Iansavichus, a. V., Costella, J., Donner, a., Laugsand, L.E., Janszky, I., Mrkobrada, M., Parraga, G., Hackam, D.G., Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 345, 2012, e4800, 10.1136/bmj.e4800.
110. Wang, R., Zhao, T., Cui, K., Hu, G., Chen, Q., Chen, W., Wang, X., Soto-gutierrez, A., Zhao, K., Deng, C., Negative reciprocal regulation between Sirt1 and Per2 modulates the circadian clock and aging. Sci. Rep., 2016, 1–15, 10.1038/srep28633.
111. Welsh, D.K., Logothetis, D.E., Meister, M., Reppert, S.M., Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms. Neuron 14 (1995), 697–706.
112. Welsh, D.K., Takahashi, J.S., Kay, S.A., Suprachiasmatic nucleus: cell autonomy and network properties. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 72 (2010), 551–577, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135919.
113. Whitehead, K., Pan, M., Masumura, K.I., Bonneau, R., Baliga, N.S., Diurnally entrained anticipatory behavior in archaea. PLoS One, 4, 2009, 10.1371/journal.pone.0005485.
114. Wyse, C.A., Coogan, A.N., Impact of aging on diurnal expression patterns of CLOCK and BMAL1 in the mouse brain. Brain Res. 1337 (2010), 21–31, 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.113.
115. Yamamoto, T., Nakahata, Y., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, M., Soma, H., Shinohara, K., Yasuda, A., Mamine, T., Takumi, T., Acute physical stress elevates mouse Period1 mRNA expression in mouse peripheral tissues via a glucocorticoid-responsive element. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005), 42036–42043, 10.1074/jbc.M509600200.
116. Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., Panda, S., Daily eating patterns and their impact on health and disease. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 2015, 1–15, 10.1016/j.tem.2015.11.007.
117. Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., Yooseph, S., Panda, S., Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome. Cell Metab. 20 (2014), 1006–1017, 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.008.
118. Zhang, R., Lahens, N.F., Ballance, H.I., Hughes, M.E., Hogenesch, J.B., A circadian gene expression atlas in mammals: implications for biology and medicine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111 (2014), 16219–16224, 10.1073/pnas.1408886111.
119. Zhou, J.N., Hofman, M.A., Swaab, D.F., VIP neurons in the human SCN in relation to sex, age, and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 16 (1995), 571–576, 10.1016/0197-4580(95)00043-E.