Bacterial xylanases: biology to biotechnology

3 Biotech

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2016, Pages

  Chakdar, Hillol ^a   Kumar, Murugan ^a   Pandiyan, Kuppusamy ^a   Singh, Arjun ^a   Nanjappan, Karthikeyan ^a   Kashyap, Prem Lal ^a,b   Srivastava, Alok Kumar ^a  

^a ICAR NATIONAL BUREAU OF AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS   (India)

^b ICAR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WHEAT AND BARLEY RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

Alkali stability; Bacteria; Biotechnology; Thermostability; Xylanase

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL ENZYME; BIOETHANOL; CELLULOSE; FUNGAL ENZYME; HEMICELLULOSE; XYLAN; XYLAN ENDO 1,3 BETA XYLOSIDASE;

ACTINOMADURA; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL FOOD; ANOXYBACILLUS; BACILLUS; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GENETICS; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; BLEACHING; CLOSTRIDIUM ACETOBUTYLICUM; COOKING; DRUG INDUSTRY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME STABILITY; FOOD INDUSTRY; GENE DOSAGE; GENE EXPRESSION; GEOBACILLUS; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; KLUYVERA; MARINE BACTERIUM; MESOPHILIC BACTERIUM; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; PAENIBACILLUS; PAPER INDUSTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULP PROCESSING; RECYCLING; REVIEW; RUMINOCOCCUS FLAVEFACIENS; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA; STREPTOMYCES; THERMOANAEROBACTERIUM; THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM;

EID: 85006224613     PISSN: 2190572X     EISSN: 21905738     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0457-z     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Akila G, Chandra T (2003) A novel cold-tolerant Clostridium strain PXYL1 isolated from a psychrophilic cattle manure digester that secretes thermolabile xylanase and cellulase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 219:63–67
2. Annamalai N, Thavasi R, Jayalakshmi S, Balasubramanian T (2009) Thermostable and alkaline tolerant xylanase production by Bacillus subtilis isolated from marine environment. Indian J Biotechnol 8:291–297
3. Araki T, Inoue N, Morishita T (1998) Purification and characterization of β-1,3-xylanase from a marine bacterium, Alcaligenes sp. XY-234. J Gen Appl Microbiol 44:269–274
4. Araki T, Tani S, Maeda K, Hashikawa S, Nakagawa H, Morishita T (1999) Purification and characterization of β-1,3-xylanase from marine bacterium Vibrio sp. Xy-214. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63:2017–2019
5. Araki T, Hashikawa S, Morishita T (2000) Cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of the new gene encoding β-1,3-xylanase from a Marine Bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain XY-214. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:1741–1743
6. Babalola T, Apata DF, Atteh JO (2006) Effect of β-xylanase supplementation of boiled castor seed meal-based diets on the performance, nutrient absorbability and some blood constituents of pullet chicks. Trop Sci 46:216–223
7. Bai W, Xue Y, Zhou C, Ma Y (2012) Cloning, expression and characterization of a novel salt tolerant xylanase from Bacillus sp. SN5. Biotechnol Lett 34:2093–2099
8. Bajaj BK, Singh N (2010) Production of xylanase from an alkali-tolerant Streptomyces sp. 7b under solid-state fermentation, its purification and characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162:1804–1818
9. Banka AL, Guralp SA, Gulari E (2014) Secretory expression and characterization of two hemicellulases, xylanase, and β-xylosidase, isolated from Bacillus Subtilis M015. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 174:2702–2710
10. Barabote RD, Parales JV, Guo Y-Y, Labavitch JM, Parales RE, Berry AM (2010) Xyn 10A, a thermostable endoxylanase from Acidothermus cellulolyticum 11B. Appl Environ Microb 76:7363–7366
11. Battan B, Sharma J, Dhiman SS, Kuhad RC (2007) Enhanced production of cellulase-free thermostable xylanase by Bacillus pumilus ASH and its potential application in paper industry. Enzyme Microb Technol 41:733–739
12. Beg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS (2001) Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:326–338
13. Bergmans MEF, Beldman G, Gruppen H, Voragen AGJ (1996) Optimisation of the selective extraction of (glucurono) arabinoxylans from wheat bran: use of barium and calcium hydroxide solution at elevated temperatures. J Cereal Sci 23:235–245
14. Bhalla A, Bischoff KM, Sani RK (2015) Highly thermostable xylanase production from a thermophilic Geobacillus sp. strain WsUcF1 utilizing lignocellulosic biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 3:84
15. Biely P, Vrsanská M, Tenkanen M, Kluepfel D (1997) Endo-β-1,4-xylanase families: differences in catalytic properties. J Biotechnol 57:151–166
16. Boonchuay P, Chaiyaso T (2012) Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from corncob using endoxylanase from Streptomyces thermovulgaris TISTR1948. In: 1st Mae Fah Luang University international conference
17. Boonchuay P, Takenaka S, Kuntiya A, Techapun C, Leksawasdi N, Seesuriyachan P, Chaiyaso T (2016) Purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of the xylanase from Streptomyces thermovulgaris TISTR1948 and its application to xylooligosaccharide production. J Mol catal B: Enzym 129:61–68
18. Bouacem K et al (2014) Partial characterization of xylanase produced by Caldicoprobacter algeriensis, a new thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from an Algerian hot spring. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 174:1969–1981
19. Boucherba N, Gagaoua M, Copinet E, Bettache A, Duchiron F, Benallaoua S (2014) Purification and characterization of the xylanase produced by Jonesia denitrificans BN-13. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:2694–2705
20. Bradner J, Gillings M, Nevalainen K (1999) Qualitative assessment of hydrolytic activities in Antarctic microfungi grown at different temperatures on solid media. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 15:131–132
21. Butt MS, Tahir-Nadeem M, Ahmad Z, Sultan MT (2008) Xylanases and their applications in baking industry. Food Technol Biotechnol 46:22–31
22. Chandra R, Singh R (2012) Decolourisation and detoxification of rayon grade pulp paper mill effluent by mixed bacterial culture isolated from pulp paper mill effluent polluted site. Biochem Eng J 61:49–58
23. Chapla D, Patel H, Madamwar D, Shah A (2012) Assessment of a thermostable xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. ASCD2 for application in prebleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp. Waste Biomass Valor 3:269–274
24. Clarke JH, Laurie JI, Gilbert HJ, Hazlewood GP (1991) Multiple xylanases of Cellulomonas fimi are encoded by distinct genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 83:305–309
25. Clarkson KA, Morgan AJ, Wang ZC (1999) Xylanase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. US Patent 5902581 A
26. Collins T, Gerday C, Feller G (2005) Xylanases, xylanase families and extremophilic xylanases. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:3–23
27. Collins T, Hoyoux A, Dutron A, Georis J, Genot B, Dauvrin T, Arnaut F, Gerday C, Feller G (2006) Use of glycoside hydrolase family 8 xylanases in baking. J Cereal Sci 43:79–84
28. Collins T, Feller G, Gerday C, Meuwis MA (2012) Family 8 enzymes with xylanolytic activity. US Patent 8309336
29. Courtin C, Delcour JA (2002) Arabinoxylans and endoxylanases in wheat flour bread-making. J Cereal Sci 35:225–243
30. Dheeran P, Nandhagopal N, Kumar S, Jaiswal YK, Adhikari DK (2012) A novel thermostable xylanase of Paenibacillus macerans IIPSP3 isolated from the termite gut. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 39:851–860
31. Dhiman SS, Garg G, Sharma J, Kalia VC, Kang YC, Lee JK (2014) Reduction in acute ecotoxicity of paper mill effluent by sequential application of xylanase and laccase. PLoS One 9:1–13
32. Ellis JT, Magnuson TS (2012) Thermostable and alkalistable xylanases produced by the thermophilic bacterium Anoxybacillus flavithermus TWXYL3. ISRN Microbiol 2012:517524
33. El-Sharnouby GA, Aleid SM, Al-Otaibi MM (2012) Nutritional quality of biscuit supplemented with wheat bran and date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifora L.). Food Nutr Sci 3:322–328
34. Flint HJ, McPerson CA, Martin J (1991) Expression of two xylanase genes from the rumen cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcusflavefaciens 17 cloned in pUC13. J Gen Microbiol 137:123–129
35. Gallardo Ó et al (2010) Characterization of a family GH5 xylanase with activity on neutral oligosaccharides and evaluation as a pulp bleaching aid. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:6290–6294
36. Gartner D, Geissenddrfer M, Hillen W (1988) Expression of the Bacillus subtilis xyl operon is repressed at the level of transcription and is induced by xylose. J Bacteriol 170:3102–3109
37. Gibbs MD, Reeves RA, Berqquist PL (1995) Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a xylanase gene from the extreme thermophile Dictyoglomus thermophilum Rt46B.1 and activity of the enzyme on fiber-bound substrate. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:4403–4408
38. Gonçalves GA et al (2015) Synergistic effect and application of xylanases as accessory enzymes to enhance the hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse. Enzyme Microb Technol 72:16–24
39. Goswami GK, Krishnamohan M, Nain V, Aggarwal C, Ramesh B (2014) Cloning and heterologous expression of cellulose free thermostable xylanase from Bacillus brevis. SpringerPlus 1:1–6
40. Gröndahl M, Teleman A, Gatenholm P (2003) Effect of acetylation on the material properties of glucuronoxylan from aspen wood. Carbohydr Polym 52:359–366
41. Guha S, Bhutty S, Khurana SP, Kohli UK (2013) Optimization of cultural conditions for production of thermo-alkali tolerant xylanase from Bacillus sp. Int J Res Pure Appl Microbiol 3:116–120
42. Guo B, Chen XL, Sun CL, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ (2009) Gene cloning, expression and characterization of a new cold-active and salt-tolerant endo-β-1,4-xylanase from marine Glaciecola mesophila KMM 241. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 84:1107–1115
43. Gupta S, Kuhad RC, Bhushan B, Hoondal GS (2001) Improved xylanase production from a haloalkalophilic Staphylococcus sp. SG-13 using inexpensive agricultural residues. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 17:5–8
44. Gupta V, Garg S, Capalash N, Gupta N, Sharma P (2015) Production of thermo-alkali-stable laccase and xylanases by co-culturing of Bacillus sp. and B. halodurans for biobleaching of kraft pulp and deinking of waste paper. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38:947–956
45. Harris AD, Ramalingam C (2010) Xylanases and its application in food industry: a review. J Exp Sci 1:1–11
46. Hastrup S (1988) Analysis of the B. subtilis xylose regulon. In: Cranesan AT, Hock JA (eds) Genetics and biotechnology of bacilli, vol 2. Academic Press Inc, NewYork, pp 79–84
47. Hong P-Y, Iakiviak M, Dodd D, Zhang M, Mackie RI, Cann I (2014) Two new xylanases with different substrate specificities from the human gut bacterium Bacteroides intestinalis DSM 17393. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:2084–2093
48. Huang J, Wang G, Xiao L (2006) Cloning, sequencing and expression of the xylanase gene from a Bacillus subtilis strain B10 in Escherichia coli. Biores Technol 97:802–808
49. Huang X, Lin J, Ye X, Wang G (2015) Molecular characterization of a thermophilic and salt-and alkaline-tolerant xylanase from Planococcus sp. SL4, a strain isolated from the sediment of a soda lake. J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:662–671
50. Humphry DR, George A, Black GW, Cummings SP (2001) Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminarinolytic bacterium from Antarctica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1235–1243
51. Irfan M, Nadeem M, Syed Q, Baig S (2012) Effect of medium composition on xylanase production by Bacillus subtilis using various agricultural wastes. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 12:561–565
52. Jain I, Kumar V, Satyanarayana T (2015) Xylooligosaccharides: an economical prebiotic from agroresidues and their health benefits. Ind J Exp Biol 53:131–142
53. Jeffries TW, Patel RN, Sykes MS, Klungness J (1992) Enzymatic solutions to enhance bonding, bleaching and contaminant removal. In: MRS Proceedings, vol 266. Cambridge University Press, p 277
54. Kamble RD, Jadhav AR (2012) Isolation, purification, and characterization of xylanase produced by a new species of Bacillus in solid state fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2012:683193
55. Kapoor M, Nair LM, Kuhad RC (2008) Cost-effective xylanase production from free and immobilized Bacillus pumilus strain MK001 and its application in saccharification of Prosopis juliflora. Biochem Engg J 38:88–97
56. Katapodis P, Kavarnou A, Kintzios S, Pistola E, Kekos D, Macris BJ, Christakopoulos P (2002) Production of acidic xylooligosaccharides by a family 10 endoxylanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus and use as plant growth regulators. Biotechnol Lett 24:1413
57. Kaur P, Bhardwaj NK, Sharma J (2016) Process optimization for hyper production of xylanase via statistical methodology from isolated Bacillus pumilus 3GAH using lignocellulosic waste. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 6:159–167
58. Khandeparkar RDS, Bhosle NB (2006) Isolation, purification and characterization of the xylanase produced by Arthrobacter sp. MTCC 5214 when grown in solid-state fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 39:732–742
59. Kiddinamoorthy J, Anceno AJ, Haki GD, Rakshit SK (2008) Production, purification and characterization of Bacillus sp. GRE7 xylanase and its application in eucalyptus kraft pulp biobleaching. World J Microb Biotechnol 24:605–612
60. Kokubo I, Ikemizu S (2004) Histamine-release inhibitors containing xylooligosaccharides. Japan patent JP 2004059481:2004
61. Kulkarni N, Shendye A, Rao M (1999) Molecular and biotechnological aspects of xylanases. FEMS Microbiol Rev 23:411–456
62. Kumar V, Satyanarayana T (2013) Biochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of thermo-alkali-stable xylanase from a novel polyextremophilic Bacillus halodurans TSEV1. Extremophiles 17:797–808
63. Kumar V, Satyanarayana T (2014) Production of endoxylanase with enhanced thermostability by a novel polyextremophilic Bacillus halodurans TSEV1 and its applicability in waste paper deinking. Proc Biochem 49:386–394
64. Kumar S, Singh SP, Mishra IM, Adhikari DK (2009) Recent advances in production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Chem Eng Technol 32:517–526
65. Kumar L, Kumar D, Nagar S, Gupta R, Garg N, Kuhad RC, Gupta VK (2013) Modulation of xylanase production from alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 through process optimization and temperature shift operation 3. Biotech 4:345–356
66. Lafond M, Guais O, Maestracci M, Bonnin E, Giardina T (2014) Four GH11 xylanases from the xylanolytic fungus Talaromyces versatilis act differently on (arabino) xylans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:6339–6352
67. Lee HY, Shin DJ, Cho NC et al (2000) Cloning, expression and nucleotide sequences of two xylanase genes from Paenibacillus sp. Biotechnol Lett 22:387–392
68. Lindner C, Stülke J, Hecker M (1994) Regulation of xylanolytic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 140:753–757
69. Liu MQ, Liu GF (2008) Expression of recombinant Bacillus licheniformis xylanase A in Pichia pastoris and xylooligosaccharides released from xylans by it. Protein Express Purif 57:101
70. Liu L, Cheng J, Chen H, Li X, Wang S, Song A, Wang M, Wang B, Shen J (2011) Directed evolution of a mesophilic fungal xylanase by fusion of a thermophilic bacterial carbohydrate-binding module. Process Biochem 46:395–398
71. Luo L, Cai J, Wang C, Lin J, Du X, Zhou A, Xiang M (2015) Purification and characterization of an alkaliphilic endo-xylanase from Streptomyces althioticus LMZM and utilization in the pulp paper industry. J Chem Technol Biot 91:1093–1098
72. Maity C, Ghosh K, Halder SK, Jana A, Adak A, Mohapatra PKD, Pati BR, Mondal KC (2012) Xylanase Isozymes from the Newly Isolated Bacillus sp.CKBx1D and optimization of its deinking potentiality. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 167:1208–1219
73. Mathur N, Goswami GK, Pathak AN (2015) In silico study of Bacillus brevis xylanase—structure prediction and comparative analysis with other bacterial and fungal xylanase. Biomed Data Min 4:112. doi:10.4172/2090-4924.1000112
74. Mittal A, Nagar S, Gupta VK (2012) Production and purification of high levels of cellulase-free bacterial xylanase by Bacillus sp. SV-34S using agro-residue. Ann Microbiol 63:1157–1167
75. Mohana A, Shah A, Divecha J, Madamwar D (2008) Xylanase production by Burkholderia sp. DMAX strain under solid state fermentation using distillery spent wash. Biores Technol 99:7553–7564
76. Murugan S, Arnold D, Pongiya U, Narayanan PM (2011) Production of xylanase from Arthrobacter sp. MTCC 6915 using saw dust as substrate under solid state fermentation. Enzyme Res. doi:10.4061/2011/696942
77. Nagar S, Gupta VK, Kumar D, Kumar L, Kuhad RC (2010) Production and optimization of cellulase-free, alkali-stable xylanase by Bacillus pumilus SV-85S in submerged fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 37:71–83
78. Nagar S, Mittal A, Kumar D, Gupta VK (2012) Production of alkali tolerant cellulase free xylanase in high levels by Bacillus pumilus SV-205. Int J Biol Macromol 50:414–420
79. Paice MG, Bernier R, Jurasek L (1988) Viscosity-enhancing bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp with xylanase from a cloned gene. Biotechnol Bioeng 32:235–239
80. Park D-J, Lee Y-S, Chang J, Fang S-J, Choi Y-L (2013) An β-1,4-xylanase with exo-enzyme activity produced by Paenibacillus xylanilyticus KJ-03 and its cloning and characterization. J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:397–404
81. Pathania S, Sharma N, Verma SK (2012) Optimization of cellulase-free xylanase produced by a potential thermoalkalophilic Paenibacillus sp. N1 isolated from hot springs of Northern Himalayas in India. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci 2:1–24
82. Polizeli M, Rizzatti A, Monti R, Terenzi H, Jorge JA, Amorim D (2005) Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67:577–591
83. Pollet A, Delcour JA, Courtin CM (2010) Structural determinants of the substrate specificities of xylanases from different glycoside hydrolase families. Crit Rev Biotechnol 30:176–191
84. Porsuk I, Özakin S, Bali B, Yilmaz EI (2013) A cellulase-free, thermoactive, and alkali xylanase production by terrestrial Streptomyces sp. CA24. Turk J Biol 37:370–375
85. Poosarla VG, Chandra TS (2014) Purification and characterization of novel halo-acid-alkali-thermo-stable xylanase from Gracilibacillus sp. TSCPVG. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173:1375–1390
86. Prakash D, Nawani N, Prakash M, Bodas M, Mandal A, Khetmalas M, Kapadnis B (2013) Actinomycetes: a repertory of green catalysts with a potential revenue resource. BioMed Res Int 2013:264020
87. Raj A, Kumar S, Singh SK (2013) A highly thermostable xylanase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: purification and partial characterization. Enzyme Res 2013:429305. doi:10.1155/2013/429305
88. Rhee MS, Wei L, Sawhney N, Rice JD, John FJS, Hurlbert JC, Preston JF (2014) Engineering the xylan utilization system in Bacillus subtilis for production of acidic xylooligosaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:917–927
89. Roy S, Dutta T, Sarkar TS, Ghosh S (2013) Novel xylanases from Simplicillium oclavatum MTCC 9604: comparative analysis of production, purification and characterization of enzyme from submerged and solid state fermentation. SpringerPlus 2:382
90. Sanghi A, Garg N, Sharma J, Kuhar K, Kuhad RC, Gupta VK (2008) Optimization of xylanase production using inexpensive agro-residues by alkalophilic Bacillus subtilis ASH in solid-state fermentation. World J Microb Biotechnol 24:633–640
91. Sapag A, Wouters J, Lambert C, De Ioannes P, Eyzaguirre J, Depiereux E (2002) The endoxylanases from family 11: computer analysis of protein sequences reveals important structural and phylogenetic relationships. J Biotechnol 95:109–131
92. Sepahy AA, Ghazi S, Sepahy MA (2011) Cost-effective production and optimization of alkaline xylanase by indigenous Bacillus mojavansis AG137 fermented on agricultural waste. Enzyme Res 2011:593624
93. Shang SM, Qian L, Zhang X, Li KZ, Chagan I (2013) Themoanaerobacterium calidifontis sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, thermophilic, ethanol-producing bacterium from hot springs in China. Arch Microbiol 195:439–445
94. Sharma M, Chadha BS (2011) Production of hemicellulolytic enzymes for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Pandey A, Larroche C, Ricke SC, Dussap C, Gnanasonou E (eds) Biofuels, alternative feed stocks and conversion processes, 1st edn. Academic, USA, pp 214–217
95. Shi H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Huang Y, Li X, Wang F (2014) Cloning, over-expression and characterization of a thermo- tolerant xylanase from Thermotoga thermarum. Biotechnol Lett 36:587–593
96. Subramaniyan S (2012) Isolation, purification and characterisation of low molecular weight xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SSP-34. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166:1831–1842
97. Subramanian S, Prema P (2000) Cellulase-free xylanases from Bacillus and other microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 183:1–7
98. Subramanian S, Prema P (2002) Biotechnology of microbial xylanases: enzymology, molecular biology and application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 22:33–46
99. Sun YC, Wen JL, Xu F, Sun RC (2011) Structural and thermal characterization of hemicelluloses isolated by organic solvents and alkaline solutions from Tamarix astromongolica. Biores Technol 102:5947–5951
100. Taibi Z, Saoudi B, Boudelaa M, Trigui H, Belghith H, Gargouri A, Ladjama A (2012) Purification and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable xylanase from Actinomadura sp. strain Cpt20 isolated from poultry compost. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 166:663–679
101. Teplitsky A, Shulami S, Moryles S, Shoham Y, Shoham G (2000) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of an intracellular xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus T-6. Act Cryst Sect D: Biol Crystallogr 56:181–184
102. Thomas L, Ushasree MV, Pandey A (2014) An alkali-thermostable xylanase from Bacillus pumilus functionally expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis and evaluation of its deinking efficiency. Biores Technol 165:309–313
103. Verma D, Satyanarayana T (2012) Cloning, expression and applicability of thermo-alkali-stable xylanase of Geobacillus thermoleovorans in generating xylooligosaccharides from agro-residues. Biores Technol 107:333–338
104. Verma D, Anand A, Satyanarayana T (2013a) Thermostable and alkalistable endoxylanase of the extremely thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans TSAA1: cloning, expression, characteristics and its applicability in generating xylooligosaccharides and fermentable sugars. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 170:119–130
105. Verma D, Kawarabayasi K, Miyazaki K, Satyanarayana T (2013b) Cloning, expression and characteristics of a novel alkali-stable and thermostable xylanase encoding gene (Mxyl) retrieved from compost-soil metagenome. PLoS One 8:1–8
106. Viikari L, Ranua M, Kantelinen A, Sundquist J, Linko M (1986) Bleaching with enzymes. In: Proceedings of 3rd international conference on biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry. STFI, Stockholm, pp 67–69
107. Wang SY, Hu W, Lin XY, Wu ZH, Li YZ (2012) A novel cold-active xylanase from the cellulolytic myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So9733-1: gene cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 93:1503–1512
108. Wang G, Huang X, Ng TB, Lin J, Ye XY (2014) High phylogenetic diversity of glycosyl hydrolase Family 10 and 11 Xylanases in the sediment of lake Dabusu in China. PLoS One 9:e112798
109. Wong K, Tan L, Saddler JN (1988) Multiplicity of beta-1,4-xylanase in microorganisms: functions and applications. Microbiol Rev 52:305
110. Wu YB, Ravindran V, Thomas DG, Birtles MJ, Hendriks WH (2004) Influence of phytase and xylanase, individually or in combination, on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology in broilers fed wheat-based diets containing adequate level of phosphorus. Br Poul Sci 45:76–84
111. Xin F, He J (2013) Characterization of a thermostable xylanase from a newly isolated Kluyvera species and its application for biobutanol production. Biores Technol 135:309–315
112. Zheng H, Ming-zhe S, Ling-cai M, Hai-sheng P, Xiu-qing Z, Zheng Y, Wen-hui Zeng, Zhang J, Hu J, Lu F, Sun J (2014) Purification and characterization of a thermostable xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. NF1 and its application in xylooligosaccharides production. J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:489–496