메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 16-31

Fear appeals, engagement, and examination performance: The role of challenge and threat appraisals

Author keywords

achievement; challenge; engagement; fear appeals; threat

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; DECISION MAKING; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MATHEMATICS; PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION; STUDENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84995488430     PISSN: 00070998     EISSN: 20448279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12132     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 33748431643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement: Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument
    • Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., Kim, D., & Reschly, A. L. (2006). Measuring cognitive and psychological engagement: Validation of the Student Engagement Instrument. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 427–445. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.002
    • (2006) Journal of School Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 427-445
    • Appleton, J.J.1    Christenson, S.L.2    Kim, D.3    Reschly, A.L.4
  • 2
    • 84881263382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010
    • Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. W. (2013). A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010. Journal of Development Economics, 104, 184–198. doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001
    • (2013) Journal of Development Economics , vol.104 , pp. 184-198
    • Barro, R.J.1    Lee, J.W.2
  • 3
    • 3242883058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family income and educational attainment: A review of approaches and evidence for Britain
    • Blanden, J., & Gregg, P. (2004). Family income and educational attainment: A review of approaches and evidence for Britain. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20(2), 245–263. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grh014
    • (2004) Oxford Review of Economic Policy , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-263
    • Blanden, J.1    Gregg, P.2
  • 4
    • 0035586664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between- and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: Self-efficacy, task-value and achievement goals
    • Bong, M. (2001). Between- and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: Self-efficacy, task-value and achievement goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 23–34. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.23
    • (2001) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Bong, M.1
  • 7
    • 80855143779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classroom context, school engagement, and academic achievement in early adolescence
    • Dotterer, A. M., & Lowe, K. (2011). Classroom context, school engagement, and academic achievement in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1649–1660. doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9647-5
    • (2011) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.40 , pp. 1649-1660
    • Dotterer, A.M.1    Lowe, K.2
  • 8
    • 84975176813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student engagement: What is it? Why does it matter?
    • #x0026;, In, S. L. Chistenson, A. L. Reschly, &, C. Wylie, (Eds.),, New York, NY, Springe
    • Finn, J. D., & Zimmer, K. S. (2012). Student engagement: What is it? Why does it matter? In S. L. Chistenson, A. L. Reschly & C. Wylie (Eds.), Research on student engagement (pp. 97–132). New York, NY: Springer.
    • (2012) Research on student engagement , pp. 97-132
    • Finn, J.D.1    Zimmer, K.S.2
  • 9
    • 36248951624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for positive emotions in the stress process
    • Folkman, S. (2008). The case for positive emotions in the stress process. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 21(1), 3–14. doi:10.1080/10615800701740457
    • (2008) Anxiety, Stress and Coping , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Folkman, S.1
  • 11
    • 77951969515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students’ achievement goal orientations and their affective and behavioural engagement: Co-examining the role of perceived school goal structures and parent goals during adolescence
    • Gonida, E. N., Voulala, K., & Kiosseoglou, G. (2009). Students’ achievement goal orientations and their affective and behavioural engagement: Co-examining the role of perceived school goal structures and parent goals during adolescence. Learning and Individual differences, 19(1), 53–60. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2008.04.002
    • (2009) Learning and Individual differences , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-60
    • Gonida, E.N.1    Voulala, K.2    Kiosseoglou, G.3
  • 12
    • 33847664707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of student-teacher and parent-teacher relationships on lower achieving readers’ engagement and achievement in the primary grades
    • Hughes, J., & Kwok, O. M. (2007). Influence of student-teacher and parent-teacher relationships on lower achieving readers’ engagement and achievement in the primary grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(1), 39–51. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.1
    • (2007) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-51
    • Hughes, J.1    Kwok, O.M.2
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0035535604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel modeling of individual and group level mediated effects
    • Krull, J. L., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2001). Multilevel modeling of individual and group level mediated effects. Multivariate Behavioural Research, 36(2), 249–277. doi:10.1207/S15327906MBR3602_06
    • (2001) Multivariate Behavioural Research , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-277
    • Krull, J.L.1    MacKinnon, D.P.2
  • 15
    • 57049096032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task- and self-related pathways to deep learning: The mediating role of achievement goals, classroom attentiveness and group participation
    • Lau, S., Liem, A. D., & Nie, Y. (2008). Task- and self-related pathways to deep learning: The mediating role of achievement goals, classroom attentiveness and group participation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, 639–662. doi:10.1348/000709907X270261
    • (2008) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.78 , pp. 639-662
    • Lau, S.1    Liem, A.D.2    Nie, Y.3
  • 17
    • 84907591434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avoidance temperament and social-evaluative threat in college students’ math performance: A mediation model of math and test anxiety
    • Liew, J., Lench, H. C., Kao, G., Yeh, Y.-C., & Kwock, O.-M. (2014). Avoidance temperament and social-evaluative threat in college students’ math performance: A mediation model of math and test anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 27, 650–661. doi:10.1080/10615806.2014.910303
    • (2014) Anxiety, Stress and Coping , vol.27 , pp. 650-661
    • Liew, J.1    Lench, H.C.2    Kao, G.3    Yeh, Y.-C.4    Kwock, O.-M.5
  • 18
    • 3042811867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods
    • MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99–128. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4
    • (2004) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-128
    • MacKinnon, D.P.1    Lockwood, C.M.2    Williams, J.3
  • 19
    • 79959620896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeals and persuasion: A review and update of the extended parallel process model
    • Maloney, E. K., Lapinksi, M. K., & Witte, K. (2011). Fear appeals and persuasion: A review and update of the extended parallel process model. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 206–219. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00341.x
    • (2011) Social and Personality Psychology Compass , vol.5 , pp. 206-219
    • Maloney, E.K.1    Lapinksi, M.K.2    Witte, K.3
  • 20
    • 31344447082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goodness of fit evaluation in structural equation modeling
    • #x0026;, In, A. Maydeu-Olivares, &, J. McArdle, (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ, Erlbau
    • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of fit evaluation in structural equation modeling. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & J. McArdle (Eds.) Contemporary psychometrics. A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald (pp. 275–340). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2005) Contemporary psychometrics. A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald , pp. 275-340
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Hau, K.-T.2    Grayson, D.3
  • 21
    • 3042808205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cut-off values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralising Hu & Bentler's (1999) findings
    • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis testing approaches to setting cut-off values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralising Hu & Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320–341. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2
    • (2004) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.11 , pp. 320-341
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Hau, K.T.2    Wen, Z.3
  • 22
    • 77952746389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic personal bests (PBs), engagement, and achievement: A cross-lagged panel analysis
    • Martin, A. M., & Liem, G. A. D. (2010). Academic personal bests (PBs), engagement, and achievement: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 29, 265–270. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2010.01.001
    • (2010) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.29 , pp. 265-270
    • Martin, A.M.1    Liem, G.A.D.2
  • 23
    • 0035997829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achievement goals as predictors of achievement-relevant processes prior to task engagement
    • McGregor, H. A., & Elliot, A. J. (2002). Achievement goals as predictors of achievement-relevant processes prior to task engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 381–395. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.94.2.381
    • (2002) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.94 , pp. 381-395
    • McGregor, H.A.1    Elliot, A.J.2
  • 24
  • 27
    • 33847669330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early adolescents’ perceptions of the classroom social environment, motivational beliefs, and engagement
    • Patrick, H., Ryan, A. M., & Kaplan, A. (2007). Early adolescents’ perceptions of the classroom social environment, motivational beliefs, and engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 83–98. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.83
    • (2007) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.99 , pp. 83-98
    • Patrick, H.1    Ryan, A.M.2    Kaplan, A.3
  • 28
    • 84879184591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threatening communication: A critical re-analysis and a revised meta-analytic test of fear appeal theory
    • Peters, G. J. Y., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Kok, G. (2013). Threatening communication: A critical re-analysis and a revised meta-analytic test of fear appeal theory. Health Psychology Review, 7(sup1), S8–S31. doi:10.1080/17437199.2012.703527
    • (2013) Health Psychology Review , vol.7 , Issue.sup1 , pp. S8-S31
    • Peters, G.J.Y.1    Ruiter, R.A.C.2    Kok, G.3
  • 29
    • 84864444457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extended parallel process model: Illuminating the gaps in research
    • Popova, L. (2012). The extended parallel process model: Illuminating the gaps in research. Health Education & Behavior, 39, 455–473. doi:10.1177/1090198111418108
    • (2012) Health Education & Behavior , vol.39 , pp. 455-473
    • Popova, L.1
  • 30
    • 70350302126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and examination stress in Key Stage 4
    • Putwain, D. W. (2009). Assessment and examination stress in Key Stage 4. British Educational Research Journal, 35, 391–411. doi:10.1080/01411920802044404
    • (2009) British Educational Research Journal , vol.35 , pp. 391-411
    • Putwain, D.W.1
  • 31
    • 80052409644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeals in the primary classroom: Effects on test anxiety and test grade
    • Putwain, D. W., & Best, N. (2011). Fear appeals in the primary classroom: Effects on test anxiety and test grade. Learning and Individual Differences, 21, 580–584. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.07.007
    • (2011) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.21 , pp. 580-584
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Best, N.2
  • 32
    • 84873418896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do highly test anxious pupils respond differentially to fear appeals made prior to a test?
    • Putwain, D. W., & Best, N. (2012). Do highly test anxious pupils respond differentially to fear appeals made prior to a test? Research in Education, 88(2), 1–10. doi:10.7227/RIE.88.1.1
    • (2012) Research in Education , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-10
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Best, N.2
  • 33
    • 84960912524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeals prior to a high-stakes examination can have a positive or negative impact on engagement depending on how the message is appraised
    • Putwain, D. W., Nicholson, L. J., Nakhla, G., Reece, M., Porter, B., & Liversidge, A. (2016). Fear appeals prior to a high-stakes examination can have a positive or negative impact on engagement depending on how the message is appraised. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 44–45, 21–31. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.12.001
    • (2016) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.44-45 , pp. 21-31
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Nicholson, L.J.2    Nakhla, G.3    Reece, M.4    Porter, B.5    Liversidge, A.6
  • 34
    • 84913581332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scare tactic: Messages which contain fear appeals prior to a high-stakes test predict lower self-determined motivation and exam scores
    • Putwain, D. W., & Remedios, R. (2014a). The scare tactic: Messages which contain fear appeals prior to a high-stakes test predict lower self-determined motivation and exam scores. School Psychology Quarterly, 29, 503–516. doi:10.1037/spq0000048
    • (2014) School Psychology Quarterly , vol.29 , pp. 503-516
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Remedios, R.2
  • 35
    • 84913590293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeals used prior to a high-stakes examination: What makes them threatening?
    • Putwain, D. W., & Remedios, R. (2014b). Fear appeals used prior to a high-stakes examination: What makes them threatening? Learning and Individual Differences, 36(1), 145–151. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2014.10.018
    • (2014) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-151
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Remedios, R.2
  • 36
    • 84939135209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeals used prior high-stakes examinations: Why are they appraised as threatening and do they impact on subjective task value?
    • Putwain, D. W., Remedios, R., & Symes, W. (2015). Fear appeals used prior high-stakes examinations: Why are they appraised as threatening and do they impact on subjective task value? Learning and Instruction, 40(1), 21–28. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2015.07.007
    • (2015) Learning and Instruction , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-28
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Remedios, R.2    Symes, W.3
  • 37
    • 84908056801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The appraisal of fear appeals as threatening or challenging: Frequency of use, academic self-efficacy and subjective value
    • Putwain, D. W., Remedios, R., & Symes, W. (2016). The appraisal of fear appeals as threatening or challenging: Frequency of use, academic self-efficacy and subjective value. Educational Psychology, 36(2), 1677–1697. doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.963028
    • (2016) Educational Psychology , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 1677-1697
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Remedios, R.2    Symes, W.3
  • 38
    • 70350337783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development and validation of the Teachers Use of Fear Appeals Questionnaire
    • Putwain, D. W., & Roberts, C. M. (2009). The development and validation of the Teachers Use of Fear Appeals Questionnaire. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 643–661. doi:10.1348/000709909X426130
    • (2009) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 643-661
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Roberts, C.M.2
  • 39
    • 84859627153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear and efficacy appeals in the classroom: The secondary teachers’ perspective
    • Putwain, D. W., & Roberts, C. M. (2012). Fear and efficacy appeals in the classroom: The secondary teachers’ perspective. Educational Psychology, 32, 355–372. doi:10.1080/01443410.2012.659845
    • (2012) Educational Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 355-372
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Roberts, C.M.2
  • 40
    • 79952106391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classroom fear appeals and examination performance: Facilitating or debilitating outcomes?
    • Putwain, D. W., & Symes, W. (2011). Classroom fear appeals and examination performance: Facilitating or debilitating outcomes? Learning and Individual Differences, 21, 227–232. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2010.11.022
    • (2011) Learning and Individual Differences , vol.21 , pp. 227-232
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Symes, W.2
  • 41
    • 84902334174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective value and academic self-efficacy: The appraisal of fear appeals used prior to a high-stakes test as threatening or challenging
    • Putwain, D. W., & Symes, W. (2014). Subjective value and academic self-efficacy: The appraisal of fear appeals used prior to a high-stakes test as threatening or challenging. Social Psychology of Education, 17, 229–248. doi:10.1007/s11218-014-9249-7
    • (2014) Social Psychology of Education , vol.17 , pp. 229-248
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Symes, W.2
  • 42
    • 84966447538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The appraisal of value-promoting messages made prior to a high-stakes mathematics examination: The interaction of message-focus and student characteristics
    • Putwain, D. W., & Symes, W. (2016). The appraisal of value-promoting messages made prior to a high-stakes mathematics examination: The interaction of message-focus and student characteristics. Social Psychology of Education, 19(3), 325–343. doi:10.1007/s11218-016-9337-y
    • (2016) Social Psychology of Education , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-343
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Symes, W.2
  • 43
    • 84992150509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scare tactic: Does it work? Motivating students for tests and exams
    • Putwain, D. W., & Woods, K. (2016). The scare tactic: Does it work? Motivating students for tests and exams. DECP Debate, 160, 31–38.
    • (2016) DECP Debate , vol.160 , pp. 31-38
    • Putwain, D.W.1    Woods, K.2
  • 44
    • 85031771920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jingle, jangle, and conceptual haziness: Evolution and future directions of the engagement construct
    • #x0026;, In, S. L. Chistenson, A. L. Reschly, &, C. Wylie, (Eds.), New York, NY, Springe
    • Reschly, A. L., & Christenson, S. L. (2012) Jingle, jangle, and conceptual haziness: Evolution and future directions of the engagement construct. In S. L. Chistenson, A. L. Reschly & C. Wylie (Eds.) Research on student engagement (pp. 3–19). New York, NY: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_1
    • (2012) Research on student engagement , pp. 3-19
    • Reschly, A.L.1    Christenson, S.L.2
  • 45
    • 43849091121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engagement as flourishing: The contribution of positive emotions and coping to adolescents’ engagement at school and with learning
    • Reschly, A. L., Huebner, E. S., Appleton, J. J., & Antaramian, S. (2008). Engagement as flourishing: The contribution of positive emotions and coping to adolescents’ engagement at school and with learning. Psychology in the Schools, 45, 419–431. doi:10.1002/pits.20306
    • (2008) Psychology in the Schools , vol.45 , pp. 419-431
    • Reschly, A.L.1    Huebner, E.S.2    Appleton, J.J.3    Antaramian, S.4
  • 47
    • 0035740418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scary warnings and rational precautions: A review of the psychology of fear appeals
    • Ruiter, R. A. C., Abraham, C., & Kok, G. (2001). Scary warnings and rational precautions: A review of the psychology of fear appeals. Psychology and Health, 16, 613–630. doi:10.1080/08870440108405863
    • (2001) Psychology and Health , vol.16 , pp. 613-630
    • Ruiter, R.A.C.1    Abraham, C.2    Kok, G.3
  • 48
  • 50
    • 47049086472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach/avoidance motives, test emotions, and emotional regulation relate to testing
    • Shutz, P. A., Benson, J., & Decuir-Gunby, J. T. (2008). Approach/avoidance motives, test emotions, and emotional regulation relate to testing. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 21, 263–281. doi:10.1080/10615800701787672
    • (2008) Anxiety, Stress and Coping , vol.21 , pp. 263-281
    • Shutz, P.A.1    Benson, J.2    Decuir-Gunby, J.T.3
  • 51
    • 67449162049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice friendly meta-analysis
    • Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 467–487. doi:10.1002/jclp.20593
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 467-487
    • Sin, N.L.1    Lyubomirsky, S.2
  • 52
    • 85047671926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of threat and challenge appraisals prior to stressful achievement events
    • Skinner, N., & Brewer, M. (2002). The dynamics of threat and challenge appraisals prior to stressful achievement events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 678–692. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.678
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 678-692
    • Skinner, N.1    Brewer, M.2
  • 53
    • 84856883128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic motivation and engagement as “active ingredients” in garden-based education: Examining models and measures derived from self-determination theory
    • Skinner, E. A., & Chi, U. (2012). Intrinsic motivation and engagement as “active ingredients” in garden-based education: Examining models and measures derived from self-determination theory. The Journal of Environmental Education, 43(1), 16–36. doi:10.1080/00958964.2011.596856
    • (2012) The Journal of Environmental Education , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-36
    • Skinner, E.A.1    Chi, U.2
  • 54
    • 56349142440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic?
    • Skinner, E. A., Furrer, C., Marchand, G., & Kinderman, T. (2008). Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic? Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 765–781. doi:10.1037/a0012840
    • (2008) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 765-781
    • Skinner, E.A.1    Furrer, C.2    Marchand, G.3    Kinderman, T.4
  • 55
    • 65649143543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children's behavioural and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom
    • Skinner, E. A., Kindermann, T. A., & Furrer, C. J. (2009). A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children's behavioural and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69, 493–525. doi.10.1177/0013164408323233
    • (2009) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.69 , pp. 493-525
    • Skinner, E.A.1    Kindermann, T.A.2    Furrer, C.J.3
  • 56
    • 33847396521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life
    • Swann, W., Chang-Schneider, C., & McClarty, K. (2007). Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62(2), 84–94. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.84
    • (2007) American Psychologist , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 84-94
    • Swann, W.1    Chang-Schneider, C.2    McClarty, K.3
  • 57
    • 85027957902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of attainment value, academic self-efficacy and message frame in the appraisal of value-promoting messages
    • Symes, W., & Putwain, D. W. (2016). The role of attainment value, academic self-efficacy and message frame in the appraisal of value-promoting messages. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(3), 446–460. doi:10.1111/bjep.12117
    • (2016) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 446-460
    • Symes, W.1    Putwain, D.W.2
  • 58
    • 84947754717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic buoyancy and the appraisal of fear appeals, used prior to a high-stakes examination, as threatening or challenging
    • Symes, W., Putwain, D. W., & Remedios, R. (2015). Academic buoyancy and the appraisal of fear appeals, used prior to a high-stakes examination, as threatening or challenging. School Psychology International, 36, 605–619. doi:10.1177/0143034315610622
    • (2015) School Psychology International , vol.36 , pp. 605-619
    • Symes, W.1    Putwain, D.W.2    Remedios, R.3
  • 60
    • 84938847201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the special issue on mediation analyses: What if planetary scientists used mediation analysis to infer causation?
    • Trafimow, D. (2015). Introduction to the special issue on mediation analyses: What if planetary scientists used mediation analysis to infer causation? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 37, 197–201. doi:10.1080/01973533.2015.1064290
    • (2015) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 197-201
    • Trafimow, D.1
  • 61
    • 84947718230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Readying student to test: The influence of fear and efficacy appeals on anxiety and test performance
    • von der Embse, N. P., Shultz, B. K., & Draughn, J. D. (2015). Readying student to test: The influence of fear and efficacy appeals on anxiety and test performance. School Psychology International, 36, 620–637. doi:10.1177/0143034315609094
    • (2015) School Psychology International , vol.36 , pp. 620-637
    • von der Embse, N.P.1    Shultz, B.K.2    Draughn, J.D.3
  • 62
    • 77957377082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents’ perceptions of school environment, engagement, and academic achievement in middle school
    • Wang, M., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents’ perceptions of school environment, engagement, and academic achievement in middle school. American Educational Research Journal, 47, 633–662. doi:10.3102/0002831209361209
    • (2010) American Educational Research Journal , vol.47 , pp. 633-662
    • Wang, M.1    Holcombe, R.2
  • 63
    • 84862220213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of school-based positive psychology interventions
    • Waters, L. (2011). A review of school-based positive psychology interventions. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 28(02), 75–90. doi:10.1375/aedp.28.2.75
    • (2011) The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-90
    • Waters, L.1
  • 64
    • 0034296795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns
    • Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000). A meta-analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Education & Behavior, 27, 591–615. doi:10.1177/109019810002700506
    • (2000) Health Education & Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 591-615
    • Witte, K.1    Allen, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.