메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue , 2016, Pages

The evolution of antimicrobial peptide resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is shaped by strong epistatic interactions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLISTIN; ANTIMICROBIAL CATIONIC PEPTIDE; PEPTIDE;

EID: 84989868142     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20411723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (98)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0000123301 scopus 로고
    • An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin
    • Abraham, E. P. & Chain, E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature 146, 837-837 (1940).
    • (1940) Nature , vol.146 , pp. 837
    • Abraham, E.P.1    Chain, E.2
  • 2
    • 0027535455 scopus 로고
    • Discovery and development of new antibiotics: The problem of antibiotic resistance
    • Silver, L. L. & Bostian, K. A. Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37, 377-383 (1993).
    • (1993) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.37 , pp. 377-383
    • Silver, L.L.1    Bostian, K.A.2
  • 3
    • 33845894155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-targeting by monotherapeutic antibacterials
    • Silver, L. L. Multi-targeting by monotherapeutic antibacterials. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 6, 41-55 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. , vol.6 , pp. 41-55
    • Silver, L.L.1
  • 4
    • 39149095622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of peptidoglycan biosynthesis under the selective pressure of antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria
    • Mainardi, J. L., Villet, R., Bugg, T. D., Mayer, C. & Arthur, M. Evolution of peptidoglycan biosynthesis under the selective pressure of antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32, 386-408 (2008).
    • (2008) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. , vol.32 , pp. 386-408
    • Mainardi, J.L.1    Villet, R.2    Bugg, T.D.3    Mayer, C.4    Arthur, M.5
  • 5
    • 0018351313 scopus 로고
    • Lipid and lipopolysaccharide composition of Escherichia coli surface-altered mutants selected for resistance to levallorphan tetracaine and polymyxin
    • Dame, J. B. & Shapiro, B. M. Lipid and lipopolysaccharide composition of Escherichia coli surface-altered mutants selected for resistance to levallorphan, tetracaine, and polymyxin. J. Bacteriol. 137, 1043-1047 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Bacteriol. , vol.137 , pp. 1043-1047
    • Dame, J.B.1    Shapiro, B.M.2
  • 6
    • 84879282675 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from the polymyxinresistant pmrA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium
    • Vaara, M. et al. Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from the polymyxinresistant pmrA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. FEBS Lett. 129, 145-149 (1981).
    • (1981) FEBS Lett. , vol.129 , pp. 145-149
    • Vaara, M.1
  • 8
    • 67749098058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepwise acquisition of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite
    • Lozovsky, E. R. et al. Stepwise acquisition of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 12025-12030 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 12025-12030
    • Lozovsky, E.R.1
  • 9
    • 33645666942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fitter proteins
    • Weinreich, D. M., Delaney, N. F., Depristo, M. A. & Hartl, D. L. Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fitter proteins. Science 312, 111-114 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 111-114
    • Weinreich, D.M.1    Delaney, N.F.2    DePristo, M.A.3    Hartl, D.L.4
  • 10
    • 84931274969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed commitment to evolutionary fate in antibiotic resistance fitness landscapes
    • Palmer, A. C. et al. Delayed commitment to evolutionary fate in antibiotic resistance fitness landscapes. Nat. Commun. 6, 7385 (2015).
    • (2015) Nat. Commun. , vol.6 , pp. 7385
    • Palmer, A.C.1
  • 11
    • 84555171441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary paths to antibiotic resistance under dynamically sustained drug selection
    • Toprak, E. et al. Evolutionary paths to antibiotic resistance under dynamically sustained drug selection. Nat. Genet. 44, 101-105 (2012).
    • (2012) Nat. Genet. , vol.44 , pp. 101-105
    • Toprak, E.1
  • 12
    • 0030995361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic treatment of initial colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa postpones chronic infection and prevents deterioration of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis
    • Frederiksen, B., Koch, C. & Hoiby, N. Antibiotic treatment of initial colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa postpones chronic infection and prevents deterioration of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 23, 330-335 (1997).
    • (1997) Pediatr. Pulmonol. , vol.23 , pp. 330-335
    • Frederiksen, B.1    Koch, C.2    Hoiby, N.3
  • 14
    • 0021996644 scopus 로고
    • Nebulised colomycin for early pseudomonas colonisation in cystic fibrosis
    • Littlewood, J. M., Miller, M. G., Ghoneim, A. T. & Ramsden, C. H. Nebulised colomycin for early pseudomonas colonisation in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1, 865 (1985).
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 865
    • Littlewood, J.M.1    Miller, M.G.2    Ghoneim, A.T.3    Ramsden, C.H.4
  • 16
    • 33747362870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colistin: The re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections
    • Li, J. et al. Colistin: the re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet Infect. Dis. 6, 589-601 (2006).
    • (2006) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 589-601
    • Li, J.1
  • 17
    • 84987804431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: Acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria
    • Olaitan, A. O., Morand, S. & Rolain, J. M. Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria. Front. Microbiol. 5, 643 (2014).
    • (2014) Front. Microbiol. , vol.5 , pp. 643
    • Olaitan, A.O.1    Morand, S.2    Rolain, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 84876226990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phoQ mutants is dependent on additional two-component regulatory systems
    • Gutu, A. D. et al. Polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phoQ mutants is dependent on additional two-component regulatory systems. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57, 2204-2215 (2013).
    • (2013) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.57 , pp. 2204-2215
    • Gutu, A.D.1
  • 19
    • 84863393429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PmrB mutations promote polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients
    • Moskowitz, S. M. et al. PmrB mutations promote polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56, 1019-1030 (2012).
    • (2012) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.56 , pp. 1019-1030
    • Moskowitz, S.M.1
  • 20
    • 84940925518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-level resistance to polymyxins and other antimicrobial peptides requires cprA, a gene that is disrupted in the PAO1 strain
    • Gutu, A. D., Rodgers, N. S., Park, J. & Moskowitz, S. M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-level resistance to polymyxins and other antimicrobial peptides requires cprA, a gene that is disrupted in the PAO1 strain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59, 5377-5387 (2015).
    • (2015) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.59 , pp. 5377-5387
    • Gutu, A.D.1    Rodgers, N.S.2    Park, J.3    Moskowitz, S.M.4
  • 21
    • 0024459568 scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid alterations and polymyxin B binding by lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapted to polymyxin B resistance
    • Conrad, R. S. & Galanos, C. Fatty acid alterations and polymyxin B binding by lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapted to polymyxin B resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33, 1724-1728 (1989).
    • (1989) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.33 , pp. 1724-1728
    • Conrad, R.S.1    Galanos, C.2
  • 22
    • 0033584935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific lipopolysaccharide found in cystic fibrosis airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Ernst, R. K. et al. Specific lipopolysaccharide found in cystic fibrosis airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Science 286, 1561-1565 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1561-1565
    • Ernst, R.K.1
  • 23
    • 0141484326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cationic antimicrobial peptides activate a two-component regulatory system, PmrA-PmrB, that regulates resistance to polymyxin B and cationic antimicrobial peptides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • McPhee, J. B., Lewenza, S. & Hancock, R. E. Cationic antimicrobial peptides activate a two-component regulatory system, PmrA-PmrB, that regulates resistance to polymyxin B and cationic antimicrobial peptides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol. Microbiol. 50, 205-217 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.50 , pp. 205-217
    • McPhee, J.B.1    Lewenza, S.2    Hancock, R.E.3
  • 24
    • 0346655236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PmrAB a two-component regulatory system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and addition of aminoarabinose to lipid A
    • Moskowitz, S. M., Ernst, R. K. & Miller, S. I. PmrAB, a two-component regulatory system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that modulates resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides and addition of aminoarabinose to lipid A. J. Bacteriol. 186, 575-579 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Bacteriol. , vol.186 , pp. 575-579
    • Moskowitz, S.M.1    Ernst, R.K.2    Miller, S.I.3
  • 25
    • 77955376940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive resistance to the last hope àntibiotics polymyxin B and colistin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by the novel twocomponent regulatory system ParR-ParS
    • Fernandez, L. et al. Adaptive resistance to the "last hope" antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mediated by the novel twocomponent regulatory system ParR-ParS. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 3372-3382 (2010).
    • (2010) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 3372-3382
    • Fernandez, L.1
  • 26
    • 84869204668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two-component system CprRS senses cationic peptides and triggers adaptive resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa independently of ParRS
    • Fernandez, L. et al. The two-component system CprRS senses cationic peptides and triggers adaptive resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa independently of ParRS. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56, 6212-6222 (2012).
    • (2012) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.56 , pp. 6212-6222
    • Fernandez, L.1
  • 27
    • 84926336172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colistin mechanisms and prevalence of resistance
    • Bialvaei, A. Z. & Samadi Kafil, H. Colistin, mechanisms and prevalence of resistance. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 31, 707-721 (2015).
    • (2015) Curr. Med. Res. Opin. , vol.31 , pp. 707-721
    • Bialvaei, A.Z.1    Samadi Kafil, H.2
  • 28
    • 0033759942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoP-PhoQ in resistance to antimicrobial cationic peptides and aminoglycosides
    • Macfarlane, E. L., Kwasnicka, A. & Hancock, R. E. Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoP-PhoQ in resistance to antimicrobial cationic peptides and aminoglycosides. Microbiology 146, 2543-2554 (2000).
    • (2000) Microbiology , vol.146 , pp. 2543-2554
    • MacFarlane, E.L.1    Kwasnicka, A.2    Hancock, R.E.3
  • 29
    • 51549106318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread of colistin resistant non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa among chronically infected Danish cystic fibrosis patients
    • Johansen, H. K., Moskowitz, S. M., Ciofu, O., Pressler, T. & Hoiby, N. Spread of colistin resistant non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa among chronically infected Danish cystic fibrosis patients. J. Cyst. Fibros. 7, 391-397 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Cyst. Fibros. , vol.7 , pp. 391-397
    • Johansen, H.K.1    Moskowitz, S.M.2    Ciofu, O.3    Pressler, T.4    Hoiby, N.5
  • 30
    • 81555211920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PhoQ mutations promote lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients
    • Miller, A. K. et al. PhoQ mutations promote lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55, 5761-5769 (2011).
    • (2011) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.55 , pp. 5761-5769
    • Miller, A.K.1
  • 31
    • 84997771220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Draft genome sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3 strains isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient undergoing antibiotic chemotherapy
    • Marvig, R. L. et al. Draft genome sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3 strains isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient undergoing antibiotic chemotherapy. Genome Announc. 1, 00804-00813 (2013).
    • (2013) Genome Announc. , vol.1 , pp. 00804-00813
    • Marvig, R.L.1
  • 32
    • 79956307094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics of bacteria in a human host environment
    • Yang, L. et al. Evolutionary dynamics of bacteria in a human host environment. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 7481-7486 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 7481-7486
    • Yang, L.1
  • 33
    • 0028820664 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and phenotypic characterization of fleS and fleR, new response regulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which regulate motility and adhesion to mucin
    • Ritchings, B. W., Almira, E. C., Lory, S. & Ramphal, R. Cloning and phenotypic characterization of fleS and fleR, new response regulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which regulate motility and adhesion to mucin. Infect. Immun. 63, 4868-4876 (1995).
    • (1995) Infect. Immun. , vol.63 , pp. 4868-4876
    • Ritchings, B.W.1    Almira, E.C.2    Lory, S.3    Ramphal, R.4
  • 34
    • 84875212396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding predicting and manipulating the genotypic evolution of antibiotic resistance
    • Palmer, A. C. & Kishony, R. Understanding, predicting and manipulating the genotypic evolution of antibiotic resistance. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14, 243-248 (2013).
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.14 , pp. 243-248
    • Palmer, A.C.1    Kishony, R.2
  • 35
    • 84877339385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary remodeling of global regulatory networks during long-term bacterial adaptation to human hosts
    • Damkiaer, S., Yang, L., Molin, S. & Jelsbak, L. Evolutionary remodeling of global regulatory networks during long-term bacterial adaptation to human hosts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 7766-7771 (2013).
    • (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.110 , pp. 7766-7771
    • Damkiaer, S.1    Yang, L.2    Molin, S.3    Jelsbak, L.4
  • 36
    • 84979859126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution reveals hidden diversity in evolutionary pathways
    • Lind, P. A., Farr, A. D. & Rainey, P. B. Experimental evolution reveals hidden diversity in evolutionary pathways. Elife 4, 07074 (2015).
    • (2015) Elife , vol.4 , pp. 07074
    • Lind, P.A.1    Farr, A.D.2    Rainey, P.B.3
  • 37
    • 84866944595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic analysis of a key innovation in an experimental Escherichia coli population
    • Blount, Z. D., Barrick, J. E., Davidson, C. J. & Lenski, R. E. Genomic analysis of a key innovation in an experimental Escherichia coli population. Nature 489, 513-518 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.489 , pp. 513-518
    • Blount, Z.D.1    Barrick, J.E.2    Davidson, C.J.3    Lenski, R.E.4
  • 38
    • 84967113379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolved resistance to colistin and its loss due to genetic reversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Lee, J. Y., Park, Y. K., Chung, E. S., Na, I. Y. & Ko, K. S. Evolved resistance to colistin and its loss due to genetic reversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci. Rep. 6, 25543 (2016).
    • (2016) Sci. Rep. , vol.6 , pp. 25543
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Park, Y.K.2    Chung, E.S.3    Na, I.Y.4    Ko, K.S.5
  • 39
    • 80052363998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Mig-14-like protein (PA5003) affects antimicrobial peptide recognition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Jochumsen, N., Liu, Y., Molin, S. & Folkesson, A. A Mig-14-like protein (PA5003) affects antimicrobial peptide recognition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology 157, 2647-2657 (2011).
    • (2011) Microbiology , vol.157 , pp. 2647-2657
    • Jochumsen, N.1    Liu, Y.2    Molin, S.3    Folkesson, A.4
  • 40
    • 84975881951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential role of two-component regulatory systems (phoPQ and pmrAB) in polymyxin B susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Owusu-Anim, D. & Kwon, D. H. Differential role of two-component regulatory systems (phoPQ and pmrAB) in polymyxin B susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adv. Microbiol. 2, 31-36 (2012).
    • (2012) Adv. Microbiol. , vol.2 , pp. 31-36
    • Owusu-Anim, D.1    Kwon, D.H.2
  • 41
    • 71249110157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Barrow, K. & Kwon, D. H. Alterations in two-component regulatory systems of phoPQ and pmrAB are associated with polymyxin B resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 5150-5154 (2009).
    • (2009) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.53 , pp. 5150-5154
    • Barrow, K.1    Kwon, D.H.2
  • 42
    • 33744487392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular validation of LpxC as an antibacterial drug target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Mdluli, K. E. et al. Molecular validation of LpxC as an antibacterial drug target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 2178-2184 (2006).
    • (2006) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.50 , pp. 2178-2184
    • Mdluli, K.E.1
  • 43
    • 44349193490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opr86 is essential for viability and is a potential candidate for a protective antigen against biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Tashiro, Y. et al. Opr86 is essential for viability and is a potential candidate for a protective antigen against biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 190, 3969-3978 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Bacteriol. , vol.190 , pp. 3969-3978
    • Tashiro, Y.1
  • 44
    • 84884679783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome analysis of a transmissible lineage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals pathoadaptive mutations and distinct evolutionary paths of hypermutators
    • Marvig, R. L., Johansen, H. K., Molin, S. & Jelsbak, L. Genome analysis of a transmissible lineage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals pathoadaptive mutations and distinct evolutionary paths of hypermutators. PLOS Genet. 9, e1003741 (2013).
    • (2013) PLOS Genet. , vol.9 , pp. e1003741
    • Marvig, R.L.1    Johansen, H.K.2    Molin, S.3    Jelsbak, L.4
  • 45
    • 85028139131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergent evolution and adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within patients with cystic fibrosis
    • Marvig, R. L., Sommer, L. M., Molin, S. & Johansen, H. K. Convergent evolution and adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within patients with cystic fibrosis. Nat. Genet. 47, 57-64 (2015).
    • (2015) Nat. Genet. , vol.47 , pp. 57-64
    • Marvig, R.L.1    Sommer, L.M.2    Molin, S.3    Johansen, H.K.4
  • 46
    • 84907351159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation in the nasopharyngeal reservoir leads to migration and persistence in the lungs
    • Fothergill, J. L., Neill, D. R., Loman, N., Winstanley, C. & Kadioglu, A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaptation in the nasopharyngeal reservoir leads to migration and persistence in the lungs. Nat. Commun. 5, 4780 (2014).
    • (2014) Nat. Commun. , vol.5 , pp. 4780
    • Fothergill, J.L.1    Neill, D.R.2    Loman, N.3    Winstanley, C.4    Kadioglu, A.5
  • 47
    • 47249153619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of individual mutations on increased fitness in adaptively evolved strains of Escherichia coli
    • Applebee, M. K., Herrgard, M. J. & Palsson, B. O. Impact of individual mutations on increased fitness in adaptively evolved strains of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 190, 5087-5094 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Bacteriol. , vol.190 , pp. 5087-5094
    • Applebee, M.K.1    Herrgard, M.J.2    Palsson, B.O.3
  • 48
    • 79957958115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminishing returns epistasis among beneficial mutations decelerates adaptation
    • Chou, H. H., Chiu, H. C., Delaney, N. F., Segre, D. & Marx, C. J. Diminishing returns epistasis among beneficial mutations decelerates adaptation. Science 332, 1190-1192 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 1190-1192
    • Chou, H.H.1    Chiu, H.C.2    Delaney, N.F.3    Segre, D.4    Marx, C.J.5
  • 49
    • 79957948242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative epistasis between beneficial mutations in an evolving bacterial population
    • Khan, A. I., Dinh, D. M., Schneider, D., Lenski, R. E. & Cooper, T. F. Negative epistasis between beneficial mutations in an evolving bacterial population. Science 332, 1193-1196 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 1193-1196
    • Khan, A.I.1    Dinh, D.M.2    Schneider, D.3    Lenski, R.E.4    Cooper, T.F.5
  • 50
    • 7444221704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of epistasis to the architecture of fitness in an RNA virus
    • Sanjuan, R., Moya, A. & Elena, S. F. The contribution of epistasis to the architecture of fitness in an RNA virus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 15376-15379 (2004).
    • (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 15376-15379
    • Sanjuan, R.1    Moya, A.2    Elena, S.F.3
  • 51
    • 39449086721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances
    • Wiegand, I., Hilpert, K. & Hancock, R. E. Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nat. Protoc. 3, 163-175 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Protoc. , vol.3 , pp. 163-175
    • Wiegand, I.1    Hilpert, K.2    Hancock, R.E.3
  • 53
    • 23044461889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved method for rapid generation of unmarked Pseudomonas aeruginosa deletion mutants
    • Choi, K. H. & Schweizer, H. P. An improved method for rapid generation of unmarked Pseudomonas aeruginosa deletion mutants. BMC Microbiol. 5, 30 (2005).
    • (2005) BMC Microbiol. , vol.5 , pp. 30
    • Choi, K.H.1    Schweizer, H.P.2
  • 54
    • 77951939888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microindel detection in short-read sequence data
    • Krawitz, P. et al. Microindel detection in short-read sequence data. Bioinformatics 26, 722-729 (2010).
    • (2010) Bioinformatics , vol.26 , pp. 722-729
    • Krawitz, P.1
  • 55
    • 79955483667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data
    • DePristo, M. A. et al. A framework for variation discovery and genotyping using next-generation DNA sequencing data. Nat. Genet. 43, 491-498 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Genet. , vol.43 , pp. 491-498
    • DePristo, M.A.1
  • 56
    • 68549104404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequence alignment/Map format and SAMtools
    • Li, H. et al. The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25, 2078-2079 (2009).
    • (2009) Bioinformatics , vol.25 , pp. 2078-2079
    • Li, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.