메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 4, 2016, Pages 567-584

American individualism rises and falls with the economy: Cross-temporal evidence that individualism declines when the economy falters

Author keywords

Culture; Individualism; Interdependence; Recessions; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ATTITUDE; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMIC RECESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNCERTAINTY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84988850599     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000114     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (125)
  • 1
    • 0035540366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "I" seek pleasures and "we" avoid pains: The role of self-regulatory goals in information processing and persuasion
    • Aaker, J. L., & Lee, A. Y. (2001). "I" seek pleasures and "we" avoid pains: The role of self-regulatory goals in information processing and persuasion. The Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 33-49. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1086/321946
    • (2001) The Journal of Consumer Research , vol.28 , pp. 33-49
    • Aaker, J.L.1    Lee, A.Y.2
  • 2
    • 84924037920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal spirits: How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalism
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Akerlof, G., & Shiller, R. J. (2009). Animal spirits: How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2009)
    • Akerlof, G.1    Shiller, R.J.2
  • 3
  • 4
    • 0002429834 scopus 로고
    • From obedience to autonomy: Changes in traits desired in children, 1924-1978
    • Alwin, D. F. (1988). From obedience to autonomy: Changes in traits desired in children, 1924-1978. Public Opinion Quarterly, 52, 33-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/269081
    • (1988) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.52 , pp. 33-52
    • Alwin, D.F.1
  • 5
    • 85047674472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To belong or not to belong, that is the question: Terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity
    • Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2002). To belong or not to belong, that is the question: Terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 26-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.26
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 26-43
    • Arndt, J.1    Greenberg, J.2    Schimel, J.3    Pyszczynski, T.4    Solomon, S.5
  • 6
    • 84974785127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring economic policy uncertainty
    • (Working paper No. 21633). National Bureau of Economic Research
    • Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2015). Measuring economic policy uncertainty (Working paper No. 21633). National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from http://www.policyuncertainty.com/media/ BakerBloomDavis.pdf
    • (2015)
    • Baker, S.R.1    Bloom, N.2    Davis, S.J.3
  • 7
    • 34249998386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural dimensions and social behavior correlates: Individualism-collectivism and power distance
    • Basabe, N., & Ros, M. (2005). Cultural dimensions and social behavior correlates: Individualism-collectivism and power distance. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 18, 189-225.
    • (2005) Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale , vol.18 , pp. 189-225
    • Basabe, N.1    Ros, M.2
  • 8
    • 0000374985 scopus 로고
    • How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research
    • Baumeister, R. F. (1987). How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 163-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.163
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 163-176
    • Baumeister, R.F.1
  • 9
    • 0003429322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle class families: Social and geographical mobility
    • London, UK: Psychology Press
    • Bell, C. (1998). Middle class families: Social and geographical mobility (Vol. 133). London, UK: Psychology Press.
    • (1998) , vol.133
    • Bell, C.1
  • 10
    • 84991195900 scopus 로고
    • Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life
    • Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
    • Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    • (1985)
    • Bellah, R.N.1    Madsen, R.2    Sullivan, W.M.3    Swidler, A.4    Tipton, S.M.5
  • 11
    • 84887564988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bright side of bad times: The affective advantages of entering the workforce in a recession
    • Bianchi, E. C. (2013). The bright side of bad times: The affective advantages of entering the workforce in a recession. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58, 587-623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839213509590
    • (2013) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.58 , pp. 587-623
    • Bianchi, E.C.1
  • 12
    • 84904345107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entering adulthood in a recession tempers later narcissism
    • Bianchi, E. C. (2014). Entering adulthood in a recession tempers later narcissism. Psychological Science, 25, 1429-1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797614532818
    • (2014) Psychological Science , vol.25 , pp. 1429-1437
    • Bianchi, E.C.1
  • 13
    • 85007566314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class and social worlds. Income predicts the frequency and nature of social contact
    • Bianchi, E. C., & Vohs, K. D. (2016). Social class and social worlds. Income predicts the frequency and nature of social contact. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 7, 479-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616641472
    • (2016) Social Psychological & Personality Science , vol.7 , pp. 479-486
    • Bianchi, E.C.1    Vohs, K.D.2
  • 14
    • 65949093957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of uncertainty shocks
    • Bloom, N. (2009). The impact of uncertainty shocks. Econometrica, 77, 623-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ECTA6248
    • (2009) Econometrica , vol.77 , pp. 623-685
    • Bloom, N.1
  • 15
    • 0030514122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self-representations
    • Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 83-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.83
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 83-93
    • Brewer, M.B.1    Gardner, W.2
  • 16
    • 84922267230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for countercyclical risk aversion: An experiment with financial professionals
    • Cohn, A., Engelmann, J., Fehr, E., & Maréchal, M. A. (2015). Evidence for countercyclical risk aversion: An experiment with financial professionals. The American Economic Review, 105, 860-885. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1257/aer.20131314
    • (2015) The American Economic Review , vol.105 , pp. 860-885
    • Cohn, A.1    Engelmann, J.2    Fehr, E.3    Maréchal, M.A.4
  • 18
    • 84971462131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General social surveys, 1972-2014 [Machine-readable data file]
    • Storrs, CT: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut
    • Davis, J. A., Smith, T. W., & Marsden, P. V. (2014). General social surveys, 1972-2014 [Machine-readable data file]. Storrs, CT: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut.
    • (2014)
    • Davis, J.A.1    Smith, T.W.2    Marsden, P.V.3
  • 19
    • 80052277545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuning in to psychological change: Linguistic markers of psychological traits and emotions over time in popular US song lyrics
    • DeWall, C. N., Pond, R. S., Jr., Campbell, W. K., & Twenge, J. M. (2011). Tuning in to psychological change: Linguistic markers of psychological traits and emotions over time in popular US song lyrics. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5, 200-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023195
    • (2011) Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts , vol.5 , pp. 200-207
    • DeWall, C.N.1    Pond, R.S.2    Campbell, W.K.3    Twenge, J.M.4
  • 20
    • 0001678839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferences over inflation and unemployment: Evidence from surveys of happiness
    • Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, R. J., & Oswald, A. J. (2001). Preferences over inflation and unemployment: Evidence from surveys of happiness. The American Economic Review, 91, 335-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.335
    • (2001) The American Economic Review , vol.91 , pp. 335-341
    • Di Tella, R.1    MacCulloch, R.J.2    Oswald, A.J.3
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0006470157 scopus 로고
    • Self-reliance, and other essays
    • Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. (Original work published in 1841)
    • Emerson, R. W. (1993). Self-reliance, and other essays. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. (Original work published in 1841)
    • (1993)
    • Emerson, R.W.1
  • 24
    • 79959936883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This recession is wearing me out! Health-related quality of life and economic downturns
    • French, M. T., & Davalos, M. E. (2011). This recession is wearing me out! Health-related quality of life and economic downturns. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 14, 61-72.
    • (2011) The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics , vol.14 , pp. 61-72
    • French, M.T.1    Davalos, M.E.2
  • 27
    • 0000751167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "I" value freedom, but "we" value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment
    • Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S., & Lee, A. Y. (1999). "I" value freedom, but "we" value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment. Psychological Science, 10, 321-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00162
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 321-326
    • Gardner, W.L.1    Gabriel, S.2    Lee, A.Y.3
  • 28
    • 79957624101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study
    • Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., Yamaguchi, S. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. Science, 332, 1100-1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.1197754
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 1100-1104
    • Gelfand, M.J.1    Raver, J.L.2    Nishii, L.3    Leslie, L.M.4    Lun, J.5    Lim, B.C.6    Yamaguchi, S.7
  • 29
    • 68649107077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The abundance effect: Unethical behavior in the presence of wealth
    • Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2009). The abundance effect: Unethical behavior in the presence of wealth. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109, 142-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.03.003
    • (2009) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.109 , pp. 142-155
    • Gino, F.1    Pierce, L.2
  • 30
    • 63149098877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking social change and developmental change: Shifting pathways of human development
    • Greenfield, P. M. (2009). Linking social change and developmental change: Shifting pathways of human development. Developmental Psychology, 45, 401-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014726
    • (2009) Developmental Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 401-418
    • Greenfield, P.M.1
  • 31
    • 84883783591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing psychology of culture from 1800 through 2000
    • Greenfield, P. M. (2013). The changing psychology of culture from 1800 through 2000. Psychological Science, 24, 1722-1731. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0956797613479387
    • (2013) Psychological Science , vol.24 , pp. 1722-1731
    • Greenfield, P.M.1
  • 32
    • 0033245627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective uncertainty and intergroup discrimination in the minimal group situation
    • Grieve, P. G., & Hogg, M. A. (1999). Subjective uncertainty and intergroup discrimination in the minimal group situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 926-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 01461672992511002
    • (1999) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.25 , pp. 926-940
    • Grieve, P.G.1    Hogg, M.A.2
  • 33
    • 84924903171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social structure, infectious diseases, disasters, secularism, and cultural change in America
    • Grossmann, I., & Varnum, M. E. (2015). Social structure, infectious diseases, disasters, secularism, and cultural change in America. Psy- chological Science, 26, 311-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0956797614563765
    • (2015) Psy- chological Science , vol.26 , pp. 311-324
    • Grossmann, I.1    Varnum, M.E.2
  • 34
    • 0038674233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the validity of selfconstrual scales
    • Gudykunst, W. B., & Lee, C. M. (2003). Assessing the validity of selfconstrual scales. Human Communication Research, 29, 253-274.
    • (2003) Human Communication Research , vol.29 , pp. 253-274
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Lee, C.M.2
  • 35
    • 0001081862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cultural individualismcollectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures
    • Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., Ting-Toomey, S., Nishida, T., Kim, K., & Heyman, S. (1996). The influence of cultural individualismcollectivism, self-construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures. Human Communication Research, 22, 510-543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1996.tb00377.x
    • (1996) Human Communication Research , vol.22 , pp. 510-543
    • Gudykunst, W.B.1    Matsumoto, Y.2    Ting-Toomey, S.3    Nishida, T.4    Kim, K.5    Heyman, S.6
  • 36
    • 84055200459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are cultures becoming individualistic? A crosstemporal comparison of individualism-collectivism in the United States and Japan
    • Hamamura, T. (2012). Are cultures becoming individualistic? A crosstemporal comparison of individualism-collectivism in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 3-24. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411587
    • (2012) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.16 , pp. 3-24
    • Hamamura, T.1
  • 38
    • 0003755854 scopus 로고
    • Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values
    • Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1980)
    • Hofstede, G.1
  • 39
    • 0003443244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2001)
    • Hofstede, G.H.1
  • 40
    • 84996974274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective uncertainty reduction through selfcategorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes
    • Hogg, M. A. (2000). Subjective uncertainty reduction through selfcategorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 223-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14792772043000040
    • (2000) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.11 , pp. 223-255
    • Hogg, M.A.1
  • 41
    • 34247191394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty-identity theory
    • Hogg, M. A. (2007). Uncertainty-identity theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 69-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(06)39002-8
    • (2007) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 69-126
    • Hogg, M.A.1
  • 43
    • 0003587208 scopus 로고
    • Culture shift in advanced industrial society
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1990)
    • Inglehart, R.1
  • 44
    • 0003430361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1997)
    • Inglehart, R.1
  • 45
    • 0033775876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values
    • Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65, 19-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2657288
    • (2000) American Sociological Review , vol.65 , pp. 19-51
    • Inglehart, R.1    Baker, W.E.2
  • 46
    • 33645655932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualism, autonomy, selfexpression. The human development syndrome. International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology
    • Inglehart, R., & Oyserman, D. (2004). Individualism, autonomy, selfexpression. The human development syndrome. International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology. Retrieved from https://deepblue.lib. umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/89924/inglehart__oyserman__ 2004.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
    • (2004)
    • Inglehart, R.1    Oyserman, D.2
  • 47
    • 84982578822 scopus 로고
    • Becoming modern
    • Inkeles, A. (1975). Becoming modern. Ethos, 3, 323-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/eth.1975.3.2.02a00160
    • (1975) Ethos , vol.3 , pp. 323-342
    • Inkeles, A.1
  • 49
    • 34250877010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are needs to manage uncertainty and threat associated with political conservatism or ideological extremity?
    • Jost, J. T., Napier, J. L., Thorisdottir, H., Gosling, S. D., Palfai, T. P., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Are needs to manage uncertainty and threat associated with political conservatism or ideological extremity? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 989-1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167207301028
    • (2007) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 989-1007
    • Jost, J.T.1    Napier, J.L.2    Thorisdottir, H.3    Gosling, S.D.4    Palfai, T.P.5    Ostafin, B.6
  • 50
    • 77954345551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theories and applications
    • Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Kagitçibasi, C. (2007). Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theories and applications. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2007)
    • Kagitçibasi, C.1
  • 51
    • 77649183898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad economy
    • Kahn, L. B. (2010). The long-term labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad economy. Labour Economics, 17, 303-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2009.09.002
    • (2010) Labour Economics , vol.17 , pp. 303-316
    • Kahn, L.B.1
  • 52
    • 3042620313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and self: Are there within-culture differences in self between metropolitan areas and regional cities?
    • Kashima, Y., Kokubo, T., Kashima, E. S., Boxall, D., Yamaguchi, S., & Macrae, K. (2004). Culture and self: Are there within-culture differences in self between metropolitan areas and regional cities? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 816-823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0146167203261997
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.30 , pp. 816-823
    • Kashima, Y.1    Kokubo, T.2    Kashima, E.S.3    Boxall, D.4    Yamaguchi, S.5    Macrae, K.6
  • 53
    • 74849129892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory control achieving order through the mind, our institutions, and the heavens
    • Kay, A. C., Whitson, J. A., Gaucher, D., & Galinsky, A. D. (2009). Compensatory control achieving order through the mind, our institutions, and the heavens. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 264-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01649.x
    • (2009) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 264-268
    • Kay, A.C.1    Whitson, J.A.2    Gaucher, D.3    Galinsky, A.D.4
  • 54
    • 19144371618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenting as the expression of sociohistorical time: The case of German individualisation
    • Keller, H., & Lamm, B. (2005). Parenting as the expression of sociohistorical time: The case of German individualisation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 238-246.
    • (2005) International Journal of Behavioral Development , vol.29 , pp. 238-246
    • Keller, H.1    Lamm, B.2
  • 55
    • 0033420932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis
    • Kim, H. S., & Markus, H. R. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 785-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.4.785
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 785-800
    • Kim, H.S.1    Markus, H.R.2
  • 56
    • 84995969108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manias, panics, and crashes: A history of financial crises
    • New York, NY: Wiley
    • Kindleberger, C. P., & Aliber, R. Z. (2005). Manias, panics, and crashes: A history of financial crises. New York, NY: Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1057/9780230628045
    • (2005)
    • Kindleberger, C.P.1    Aliber, R.Z.2
  • 57
    • 67949089827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia
    • Kitayama, S., Park, H., Sevincer, A. T., Karasawa, M., & Uskul, A. K. (2009). A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 236-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ a0015999
    • (2009) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.97 , pp. 236-255
    • Kitayama, S.1    Park, H.2    Sevincer, A.T.3    Karasawa, M.4    Uskul, A.K.5
  • 58
    • 79961199889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social class as culture: The convergence of resources and rank in the social realm
    • Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2011). Social class as culture: The convergence of resources and rank in the social realm. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 246-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0963721411414654
    • (2011) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.20 , pp. 246-250
    • Kraus, M.W.1    Piff, P.K.2    Keltner, D.3
  • 59
    • 0036555380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Music: A link between cognition and emotion
    • Krumhansl, C. L. (2002). Music: A link between cognition and emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 45-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00165
    • (2002) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.11 , pp. 45-50
    • Krumhansl, C.L.1
  • 60
    • 0004093522 scopus 로고
    • Manpower in economic growth: The American record since 1800
    • New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
    • Lebergott, S. (1964). Manpower in economic growth: The American record since 1800. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1964)
    • Lebergott, S.1
  • 61
    • 0024162151 scopus 로고
    • Cultural dynamics and economic theories of fertility change
    • Lesthaeghe, R., & Surkyn, J. (1988). Cultural dynamics and economic theories of fertility change. Population and Development Review, 14, 1-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1972499
    • (1988) Population and Development Review , vol.14 , pp. 1-45
    • Lesthaeghe, R.1    Surkyn, J.2
  • 62
    • 0008118861 scopus 로고
    • The development and use of a consistent income measure for the General Social Survey
    • Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center, The University of Chicago
    • Ligon, E. (1994). The development and use of a consistent income measure for the General Social Survey. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center, The University of Chicago.
    • (1994)
    • Ligon, E.1
  • 63
    • 0003588791 scopus 로고
    • The origins of English individualism: The family, property and social transition
    • Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell
    • Macfarlane, A. (1978). The origins of English individualism: The family, property and social transition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
    • (1978)
    • Macfarlane, A.1
  • 64
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 65
    • 0040913451 scopus 로고
    • A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories of selves
    • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories of selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 568-579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0146167294205013
    • (1994) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.20 , pp. 568-579
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 66
    • 33746507265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social isolation in America: Changes in core discussion networks over two decades
    • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Brashears, M. E. (2006). Social isolation in America: Changes in core discussion networks over two decades. American Sociological Review, 71, 353-375. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/000312240607100301
    • (2006) American Sociological Review , vol.71 , pp. 353-375
    • McPherson, M.1    Smith-Lovin, L.2    Brashears, M.E.3
  • 67
    • 0348252273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social dynamics of a cultural upheaval: Social interactions surrounding September 11, 2001
    • Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2003). The social dynamics of a cultural upheaval: Social interactions surrounding September 11, 2001. Psychological Science, 14, 579-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1468.x
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , pp. 579-585
    • Mehl, M.R.1    Pennebaker, J.W.2
  • 68
    • 78649889994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pursuit of happiness: Time, money, and social connection
    • Mogilner, C. (2010). The pursuit of happiness: Time, money, and social connection. Psychological Science, 21, 1348-1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610380696
    • (2010) Psychological Science , vol.21 , pp. 1348-1354
    • Mogilner, C.1
  • 69
    • 84864026242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bedside manner of homo economicus: How and why priming an economic schema reduces compassion
    • Molinsky, A. L., Grant, A. M., & Margolis, J. D. (2012). The bedside manner of homo economicus: How and why priming an economic schema reduces compassion. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119, 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.05.001
    • (2012) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.119 , pp. 27-37
    • Molinsky, A.L.1    Grant, A.M.2    Margolis, J.D.3
  • 70
    • 47749121086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism-collectivism in cultural products
    • Morling, B., & Lamoreaux, M. (2008). Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism-collectivism in cultural products. Per- sonality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 199-221. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1088868308318260
    • (2008) Per- sonality and Social Psychology Review , vol.12 , pp. 199-221
    • Morling, B.1    Lamoreaux, M.2
  • 72
    • 79955665134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. business cycle expansions and contractions
    • National Bureau of Economic Research. (2014). U.S. business cycle expansions and contractions. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/cycles/ US_Business_Cycle_Expansions_and_Contractions_20120423.pdf
    • (2014)
  • 73
    • 84988856654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Births: Final data for 2013 (Vol. 64)
    • National Vital Statistics Reports. (2015). Births: Final data for 2013 (Vol. 64). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/ nvsr64_01.pdf
    • (2015)
  • 74
    • 0343468534 scopus 로고
    • Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes
    • Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 231-259
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Wilson, T.D.2
  • 75
    • 0036370845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses
    • Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 3-72
    • Oyserman, D.1    Coon, H.M.2    Kemmelmeier, M.3
  • 76
    • 40749152218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism
    • Oyserman, D., & Lee, S. W. (2008). Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 311-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.311
    • (2008) Psychological Bulletin , vol.134 , pp. 311-342
    • Oyserman, D.1    Lee, S.W.2
  • 77
    • 84897799124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Great Recession: Implications for adolescent values and behavior
    • Park, H., Twenge, J. M., & Greenfield, P. M. (2014). The Great Recession: Implications for adolescent values and behavior. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 5, 310-318. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1948550613495419
    • (2014) Social Psychological & Personality Science , vol.5 , pp. 310-318
    • Park, H.1    Twenge, J.M.2    Greenfield, P.M.3
  • 78
    • 77954394307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC 2007 [Computer software]
    • Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Pennebaker, J. W., Francis, M. E., & Booth, R. J. (2007). Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC 2007 [Computer software]. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2007)
    • Pennebaker, J.W.1    Francis, M.E.2    Booth, R.J.3
  • 79
    • 84879082276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of trends, perceptions, and distributional effects in consumption
    • In D. B. Grusky, B. Western, & C. Wimer (Eds.). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Petev, I., Pistaferri, L., & Saporta, I. (2011). An analysis of trends, perceptions, and distributional effects in consumption. In D. B. Grusky, B. Western, & C. Wimer (Eds.), The great recession (pp. 161-195). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (2011) The great recession , pp. 161-195
    • Petev, I.1    Pistaferri, L.2    Saporta, I.3
  • 80
    • 0004760117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Popularity in environmental context: Facial feature assessment of American movie actresses
    • Pettijohn, T. F., & Tesser, A. (1999). Popularity in environmental context: Facial feature assessment of American movie actresses. Media Psychology, 1, 229-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0103_3
    • (1999) Media Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 229-247
    • Pettijohn, T.F.1    Tesser, A.2
  • 81
    • 67349102277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation: The effect of money and economics on attitudes about volunteering
    • Pfeffer, J., & DeVoe, S. E. (2009). Economic evaluation: The effect of money and economics on attitudes about volunteering. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30, 500-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2008.08.006
    • (2009) Journal of Economic Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 500-508
    • Pfeffer, J.1    DeVoe, S.E.2
  • 83
    • 0003799108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community
    • New York, NY: Simon & Schuster
    • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1145/358916.361990
    • (2000)
    • Putnam, R.D.1
  • 84
    • 0141530914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The do re mi's of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences
    • Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2003). The do re mi's of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1236-1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1236
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 1236-1256
    • Rentfrow, P.J.1    Gosling, S.D.2
  • 86
    • 64349099110 scopus 로고
    • Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals
    • Robinson, W. S. (1950). Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. American Sociological Review, 38, 337-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn357
    • (1950) American Sociological Review , vol.38 , pp. 337-341
    • Robinson, W.S.1
  • 87
    • 84935413436 scopus 로고
    • Spurious volatility in historical unemployment data
    • Romer, C. (1986). Spurious volatility in historical unemployment data. Journal of Political Economy, 94, 1-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ 261361
    • (1986) Journal of Political Economy , vol.94 , pp. 1-37
    • Romer, C.1
  • 88
    • 84965559177 scopus 로고
    • The theme of giving back to parents in Chinese and American songs
    • Rothbaum, F., & Xu, X. (1995). The theme of giving back to parents in Chinese and American songs. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 698-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002202219502600611
    • (1995) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 698-713
    • Rothbaum, F.1    Xu, X.2
  • 89
    • 0029548958 scopus 로고
    • Economic conditions and alcohol problems
    • Ruhm, C. J. (1995). Economic conditions and alcohol problems. Journal of Health Economics, 14, 583-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6296(95)00024-0
    • (1995) Journal of Health Economics , vol.14 , pp. 583-603
    • Ruhm, C.J.1
  • 90
    • 0039012005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are recessions good for your health?
    • Ruhm, C. J. (2000). Are recessions good for your health? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 617-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ 003355300554872
    • (2000) The Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.115 , pp. 617-650
    • Ruhm, C.J.1
  • 91
    • 0015402828 scopus 로고
    • Economic threat as a determinant of conversion rates in authoritarian and nonauthoritarian churches
    • Sales, S. M. (1972). Economic threat as a determinant of conversion rates in authoritarian and nonauthoritarian churches. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 420 - 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ h0033157
    • (1972) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 420 - 428
    • Sales, S.M.1
  • 92
    • 0015676235 scopus 로고
    • Threat as a factor in authoritarianism: An analysis of archival data
    • Sales, S. M. (1973). Threat as a factor in authoritarianism: An analysis of archival data. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 44-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0035588
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 44-57
    • Sales, S.M.1
  • 93
    • 0004179594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irrational exuberance
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Shiller, R. J. (2005). Irrational exuberance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2005)
    • Shiller, R.J.1
  • 94
    • 79953029344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stock market data used in Irrational Exuberance
    • Shiller, R. J. (2015). Stock market data used in Irrational Exuberance. Retrieved from http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/data.htm
    • (2015)
    • Shiller, R.J.1
  • 95
    • 85015131644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty and the geography of the Great Recession (Working Paper 2013-05)
    • Shoag, D., & Veuger, S. (2013). Uncertainty and the geography of the Great Recession (Working Paper 2013-05). Retrieved from http://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/-veuger-econ-working-paper- 201305_155751968969.pdf
    • (2013)
    • Shoag, D.1    Veuger, S.2
  • 96
    • 3042854555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of uncertainty orientation: Implications for the study of individual differences within and across cultures
    • Shuper, P. A., Sorrentino, R. M., Otsubo, Y., Hodson, G., & Walker, A. M. (2004). A theory of uncertainty orientation: Implications for the study of individual differences within and across cultures. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, 35, 460 - 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0022022104266109
    • (2004) Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 460 - 480
    • Shuper, P.A.1    Sorrentino, R.M.2    Otsubo, Y.3    Hodson, G.4    Walker, A.M.5
  • 97
    • 17044399702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You can't always get what you want: Educational attainment, agency, and choice
    • Snibbe, A. C., & Markus, H. R. (2005). You can't always get what you want: Educational attainment, agency, and choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 703-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.703
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 703-720
    • Snibbe, A.C.1    Markus, H.R.2
  • 98
    • 79959513250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic recession and fertility in the developed world
    • Sobotka, T., Skirbekk, V., & Philipov, D. (2011). Economic recession and fertility in the developed world. Population and Development Review, 37, 267-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00411.x
    • (2011) Population and Development Review , vol.37 , pp. 267-306
    • Sobotka, T.1    Skirbekk, V.2    Philipov, D.3
  • 99
    • 30544443203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes
    • Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2005). Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 845-851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.845
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 845-851
    • Spencer, S.J.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Fong, G.T.3
  • 101
    • 84988861525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer Confidence Survey
    • The Conference Board. (2016). Consumer Confidence Survey. Retrieved from https://www.conference-board.org/data/consumerconfidence.cfm
    • (2016)
  • 103
    • 0010778343 scopus 로고
    • Walden
    • Boston, MA: Ticknor and Fields.
    • Thoreau, H. D. (1854). Walden. Boston, MA: Ticknor and Fields.
    • (1854)
    • Thoreau, H.D.1
  • 104
    • 0004136440 scopus 로고
    • Community and society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft)
    • East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
    • Tönnies, F. (1957). Community and society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
    • (1957)
    • Tönnies, F.1
  • 105
    • 58149207113 scopus 로고
    • Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self
    • Trafimow, D., Triandis, H. C., & Goto, S. G. (1991). Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 649-655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.649
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 649-655
    • Trafimow, D.1    Triandis, H.C.2    Goto, S.G.3
  • 106
    • 0004291209 scopus 로고
    • Individualism and collectivism
    • Boulder, CO: Westview Press
    • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
    • (1995)
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 108
    • 0032331156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism
    • Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 118-128.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 118-128
    • Triandis, H.C.1    Gelfand, M.J.2
  • 109
    • 79952046440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitting in or standing out: Trends in American parents' choices for children's names, 1880-2007
    • Twenge, J. M., Abebe, E. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Fitting in or standing out: Trends in American parents' choices for children's names, 1880-2007. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 1, 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550609349515
    • (2010) Social Psychological & Personality Science , vol.1 , pp. 19-25
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Abebe, E.M.2    Campbell, W.K.3
  • 110
    • 57349084679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increases in positive self-views among high school students: Birth-cohort changes in anticipated performance, self-satisfaction, self-liking, and self-competence
    • Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Increases in positive self-views among high school students: Birth-cohort changes in anticipated performance, self-satisfaction, self-liking, and self-competence. Psychological Science, 19, 1082-1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02204.x
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , pp. 1082-1086
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Campbell, W.K.2
  • 111
    • 49549087398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
    • Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Campbell, W. K., & Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality, 76, 875-902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x
    • (2008) Journal of Personality , vol.76 , pp. 875-902
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Konrath, S.2    Foster, J.D.3    Campbell, W.K.4    Bushman, B.J.5
  • 112
    • 84988846320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveys of consumers
    • University of Michigan Survey Research Center. (2015). Surveys of consumers. Retrieved from http://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/tables.html
    • (2015)
  • 113
    • 84988805095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current dollar and "real" GDP
    • U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2016). Current dollar and "real" GDP. Retrieved from http://www.bea.gov/national/index.htm#gdp
    • (2016)
  • 114
    • 0007043429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labor force statistics from the current population survey
    • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). Labor force statistics from the current population survey. Retrieved from http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/ LNS14000000
    • (2016)
  • 115
    • 0004301347 scopus 로고
    • The statistical history of the United States from colonial times to the present
    • New York, NY: Basic Book, Inc., Publishers
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (1976). The statistical history of the United States from colonial times to the present. New York, NY: Basic Book, Inc., Publishers.
    • (1976)
  • 116
    • 84988889260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Table A-1: Years of school completed by people 25 years and over, by age and sex: Selected years 1940 to 2015
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2015). Table A-1: Years of school completed by people 25 years and over, by age and sex: Selected years 1940 to 2015. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/education/data/ cps/historical/index.html
    • (2015)
  • 117
    • 84949209174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual estimates of the resident population by sex, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2016). Annual estimates of the resident population by sex, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015. Retrieved from http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk
    • (2016)
  • 118
    • 0003463062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital statistics of the United States
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, & National Center for Health Statistics. (2005). Vital statistics of the United States. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/techapp03_1-09.pdf
    • (2005)
  • 120
    • 79952052048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's in a name? Popular names are less common on frontiers
    • Varnum, M. E., & Kitayama, S. (2011). What's in a name? Popular names are less common on frontiers. Psychological Science, 22, 176-183.
    • (2011) Psychological Science , vol.22 , pp. 176-183
    • Varnum, M.E.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 121
    • 0028721183 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in need for cognitive closure
    • Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1049-1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1049
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 1049-1062
    • Webster, D.M.1    Kruglanski, A.W.2
  • 122
    • 84890072941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the bedroom to the budget deficit: Mate competition changes men's attitudes toward economic redistribution
    • White, A. E., Kenrick, D. T., Neel, R., & Neuberg, S. L. (2013). From the bedroom to the budget deficit: Mate competition changes men's attitudes toward economic redistribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 924-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033808
    • (2013) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.105 , pp. 924-940
    • White, A.E.1    Kenrick, D.T.2    Neel, R.3    Neuberg, S.L.4
  • 123
    • 53349171067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception
    • Whitson, J. A., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science, 322, 115-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1159845
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 115-117
    • Whitson, J.A.1    Galinsky, A.D.2
  • 124
    • 0042813637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is business cycle volatility costly? Evidence from surveys of subjective well-being
    • Wolfers, J. (2003). Is business cycle volatility costly? Evidence from surveys of subjective well-being. International Finance, 6, 1-26. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2362.00112
    • (2003) International Finance , vol.6 , pp. 1-26
    • Wolfers, J.1
  • 125
    • 84952975652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race IAT 2002-2013
    • Xu, K., Nosek, B., & Greenwald, A. G. (2014). Race IAT 2002-2013. Retrieved from https://osf.io/52qxl/
    • (2014)
    • Xu, K.1    Nosek, B.2    Greenwald, A.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.