The power of we: Evidence for group-based control

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 19-32

  Fritsche, Immo ^a,b   Jonas, Eva ^c   Ablasser, Catharina ^c   Beyer, Magdalena ^b   Kuban, Johannes ^a,b   Manger, Anna Marie ^b   Schultz, Marlene ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^b FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

Author keywords

Ingroup as a resource; Intergroup behavior; Need for control; Social motivation; Threat

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867550752     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.014     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Aiken L.S., West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions 1991, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
2. Arndt J., Cook A., Routledge C. The blueprint of terror management: Understanding the cognitive architecture of psychological defense against the awareness of death. Handbook of experimental existential psychology 2004, 35-53. Guilford Press, New York. J. Greenberg, S.L. Koole, T. Pyszczynski (Eds.).
3. Baker S.R., Stephenson D. Prediction and control as determinants of behavioural uncertainty: Effects of task performance and heart rate reactivity. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 2000, 35:235-250.
4. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action 1986, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
5. Branscombe N.R., Ellemers N., Spears R., Doosje B. The context and content of social identity threat. Social identity: Context, commitment, content 1999, 35-58. Blackwell Science, Oxford, England. N. Ellemers, R. Spears (Eds.).
6. Brewer M.B., Caporael L.R. An evolutionary perspective on social identity: Revisiting groups. Evolution and social psychology 2006, 143-161. Psychological Press, Madison, CT, US. M. Schaller, J.A. Simpson, D.T. Kenrick (Eds.).
7. Brewer M.B., Hong Y.-Y., Li Q. Dynamic entitativity: Perceiving groups as actors. Perceived variability, entitativity, and essentialism 2004, Psychology Press, New York. V. Yzerbyt, C.M. Judd, O. Corneille (Eds.).
8. Bruner J.S. On perceptual readiness. Psychological Review 1957, 64:123-152.
9. Bulmahn T. Unsichere Zeiten. Analysen zum Sicherheits- und Bedrohungsempfinden in Deutschland [Uncertain times. Analyses about security and threat perceptions in Germany]. Sowi News 2004, 4:1-4.
10. Cameron J.E. A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity 2004, 3:239-262.
11. Castano E., Dechesne M. On defeating death: Group reification and social identification as immortality strategies. European Review of Social Psychology 2005, 16:221-255.
12. Castano E., Yzerbyt V., Paladino M.-P., Sacchi S. I belong, therefore, I exist: Ingroup identification, ingroup entitativity, and ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2002, 28:135-143.
13. Correll J., Park B. A model of the ingroup as a social resource. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2005, 9:341-359.
14. Duckitt J., Fisher K. The impact of social threat on world view and ideological attitudes. Political Psychology 2003, 24:199-222.
15. Ellemers N., Van Knippenberg A., De Vries N., Wilke H. Social identification and permeability of group boundaries. European Journal of Social Psychology 1988, 18:497-513.
16. Esses V.M., Jackson L.M., Armstrong T.L. Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict. Journal of Social Issues 1998, 54:699-724.
17. Fein S., Spencer S.J. Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, 73:31-44.
18. Fiske S.T., Cuddy A.J.C., Glick P., Xu J. A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:878-902.
19. Fritsche, I., Du, H., Talati, Z., Jonas, E., & Castano, E. (2012). The possiblity of self-determined death eliminates mortality salience effects on cultural worldview defense: Cross-cultural evidence. Unpublished manuscript, University of Leipzig.
20. Fritsche I., Jonas E., Fankhänel T. The role of control motivation in mortality salience effects on ingroup support and defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:524-541.
21. Gaertner S.L., Dovidio J.F. Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model 2000, Psychology Press, New York.
22. Giannakakis A., Fritsche I. Social identities, group norms, and threat: On the malleability of ingroup bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2011, 87:82-93.
23. Greenberg J., Solomon S., Pyszczynski T. Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. Advances in experimental social psychology 1997, vol. 29:61-141. Academic Press, San Diego.
24. Grieve P., Hogg M.A. Subjective uncertainty and intergroup discrimination in the minimal group situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1999, 25:926-940.
25. Guinote A., Brown M., Fiske S.T. Minority status decreases sense of control and increases interpretive processing. Social Cognition 2006, 24(2):169-186.
26. Harmon-Jones E., Greenberg J., Solomon S., Simon L. The effects of mortality salience on intergroup bias between minimal groups. European Journal of Social Psychology 1996, 26:677-681.
27. Hewstone M., Rubin M., Willis H. Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology 2002, 53:575-604.
28. Hogg M.A. Uncertainty-identity theory. Advances in experimental social psychology 2007, vol. 39:69-126. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, US. M.P. Zanna (Ed.).
29. Hogg M.A., Turner J.C. Intergroup behaviour, self-stereotyping and the salience of social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology 1987, 26:325-340.
30. Judge T.A., Erez A., Bono J.E., Thoresen C.J. Are measures of self-esteem, neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 83:693-710.
31. Kay A.C., Gaucher D., Napier J.L., Callan M.J., Laurin K. God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:18-35.
32. Kay A.C., Shepherd S., Blatz C.W., Chua S.N., Galinsky A.D. For god (or) country: The hydraulic relation between government instability and belief in religious sources of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 99:725-739.
33. Kay A.C., Whitson J.A., Gaucher D., Galinsky A.D. Compensatory control: Achieving order through the mind, our institutions, and the heavens. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2009, 18:264-268.
34. Krohne H.W., Egloff B., Kohlmann C.-W., Tausch A. Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule" (PANAS) [Studies with a German version of the "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule" (PANAS)]. Diagnostica 1996, 42:139-156.
35. Kruglanski A.W., Pierro A., Mannetti L., De Grada E. Groups as epistemic providers: Need for closure and the unfolding of group-centrism. Psychological Review 2006, 113:84-100.
36. Langer E.J. The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1975, 32:311-328.
37. Layton C. Externality and unemployment: Change score analyses on Rotter's locus of control scale for male school-leavers and men facing redundancy. Personality and Individual Differences 1987, 8:149-152.
38. Lickel B., Hamilton D.L., Sherman S.J. Elements of a lay theory of groups: Types of groups, relationship styles, and the perception of group entitativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2001, 5:129-140.
39. Pittman T.S. Motivation. The handbook of social psychology 1998, vol. 1:549-590. NacGraw-Hill, New York. 4th ed. D.T. Gilbert, S.T. Fiske, G. Lindzey (Eds.).
40. Pittman T.S., Zeigler K.R. Basic human needs. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles 2007, 473-489. Guilford Press, New York. 2nd edition. A.W. Kruglanski, E.T. Higgins (Eds.).
41. Preston J., Wegner D.M. Ideal agency: On perceiving the self as an origin of action. On building, defending, and regulating the self 2005, 103-125. Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA. A. Tesser, J. Wood, D. Stapel (Eds.).
42. Riek B.M., Mania E.W., Gaertner S.L. Intergroup threat and outgroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2006, 10:336-353.
43. Rothbaum F., Weisz J.R., Snyder S.S. Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1982, 42:5-37.
44. Rotter J.B. Generalized expectations for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied 1966, 80:1-28.
45. Rubin M., Hewstone M. Social identity theory's self-esteem hypothesis: A review and some suggestions for clarification. Personality and Social Psychology Review 1998, 2:40-62.
46. Rutjens B.T., Loseman A. The society-supporting self: System justification and cultural worldview defense as different forms of self-regulation. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2010, 13:241-250.
47. Sherif M. In common predicament: Social psychology of intergroup conflict and cooperation 1966, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
48. Simon B., Oakes P. Beyond dependence: An identity approach to social power and domination. Human Relations 2006, 59:105-139.
49. Skinner E.A. A guide to constructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 71(3):549-570.
50. Skinner E.A. Secondary control critiqued: Is it secondary? Is it control? Comment on Morling and Evered (2006). Psychological Bulletin 2007, 133:911-916.
51. Spears R., Doosje B., Ellemers N. Self-stereotyping in the face of threats to group status and distinctiveness: The role of group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1997, 23:538-553.
52. Steele C.M. The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Advances in experimental social psychology 1988, Vol. 21:261-302. Academic Press, New York.
53. Stephan W.G., Stephan C.W. An integrated threat theory. Reducing prejudice and discrimination 2000, 23-46. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, US. S. Oskamp (Ed.).
54. Stürmer S., Simon B. Collective action: Towards a dual-pathway model. European Review of Social Psychology 2004, 15:59-99.
55. Tajfel H., Turner J.C. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The social psychology of intergroup relations 1979, 33-47. Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA. W.G. Austin, S. Worchel (Eds.).
56. Thompson S.C. Naturally occurring perceptions of control: A model of bounded flexibility. Control motivation and social cognition 1993, 74-93. Springer, New York. G. Weary, F. Gleicher, K.L. Marsh (Eds.).
57. Tomasello M. Why we cooperate 2009, MIT Press.
58. Turner J.C. Explaining the nature of power: A three-process theory. European Journal of Social Psychology 2005, 35:1-22.
59. Turner J.C., Hogg M.A., Oakes P.J., Reicher S.D., Wetherell M.S. Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory 1987, Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, US.
60. Van den Bos K. Uncertainty management: The influence of uncertainty salience and reactions to perceived procedural fairness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:931-941.
61. Van den Bos K. Making sense of life: The existential self trying to deal with personal uncertainty. Psychological Inquiry 2009, 20:194-217.
62. Vignoles V.L., Regalia C., Manzi C., Golledge J., Scabini E. Beyond self-esteem: Influence of multiple motives on identity construction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:308-333.
63. Watson D., Clark L.A., Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, 54(6):1063-1070.
64. White R.W. Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review 1959, 66:297-333.
65. Wichman A.L., Brunner R.P., Weary G. Immediate and delayed effects of causal uncertainty inductions on uncertainty accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2008, 44:1106-1113.