Dampening host sensing and avoiding recognition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Cigana, Cristina ^a   Lorè, Nicola Ivan ^a   Bernardini, Maria Lina ^b,c   Bragonzi, Alessandra ^a  

^a SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c Pasteur Institute   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; FLAGELLIN; LIPOTEICHOIC ACID; MANNURONIC ACID; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN LIKE RECEPTOR; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN PROTEIN; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 5; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9; TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR;

BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL MUTATION; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA COLI; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; NONHUMAN; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMONAS PNEUMONIA; QUORUM SENSING; REVIEW; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA;

EID: 84981294808     PISSN: 11107243     EISSN: 11107251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2011/852513     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Stover C. K., Pham X. Q., Erwin A. L., Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, an opportunistic pathogen Nature 2000 406 6799 959 964
2. Sadikot R. T., Blackwell T. S., Christman J. W., Prince A. S., Pathogen-host interactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 2005 171 11 1209 1223 (Pubitemid 40740727)
3. Saiman L., Prince A., Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili bind to asialoGM1 which is increased on the surface of cystic fibrosis epithelial cells Journal of Clinical Investigation 1993 92 4 1875 1880 (Pubitemid 23304555)
4. Pier G. B., Grout M., Zaidi T. S., Olsen J. C., Johnson L. G., Yankaskas J. R., Goldberg J. B., Role of mutant CFTR in hypersusceptibility of cystic fibrosis patients to lung infections Science 1996 271 5245 64 67 (Pubitemid 26033276)
5. Pier G. B., Grout M., Zaidi T. S., Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is an epithelial cell receptor for clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the lung Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 94 22 12088 12093 (Pubitemid 27467847)
6. Teichgrber V., Ulrich M., Endlich N., Ceramide accumulation mediates inflammation, cell death and infection susceptibility in cystic fibrosis Nature Medicine 2008 14 4 382 391 (Pubitemid 351499396)
7. Ganz T., Antimicrobial polypeptides in host defense of the respiratory tract Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002 109 6 693 697 (Pubitemid 34263142)
8. Berger M., Sorensen R. U., Tosi M. F., Dearborn D. G., Dring G., Complement receptor expression on neutrophils at an inflammatory site, the Pseudomonas-infected lung in cystic fibrosis Journal of Clinical Investigation 1989 84 4 1302 1313 (Pubitemid 19247604)
9. Marcos V., Zhou Z., Yildirim A. O., CXCR2 mediates NADPH oxidase-independent neutrophil extracellular trap formation in cystic fibrosis airway inflammation Nature Medicine 2010 16 9 1018 1023
10. Matsui H., Grubb B. R., Tarran R., Randell S. H., Gatzy J. T., Davis C. W., Boucher R. C., Evidence for periciliary liquid layer depletion, not abnormal ion composition, in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis airways disease Cell 1998 95 7 1005 1015 (Pubitemid 29019052)
11. Worlitzsch D., Tarran R., Ulrich M., Effects of reduced mucus oxygen concentration in airway Pseudomonas infections of cystic fibrosis patients Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002 109 3 317 325 (Pubitemid 34141805)
12. Matsui H., Verghese M. W., Kesimer M., Schwab U. E., Randell S. H., Sheehan J. K., Grubb B. R., Boucher R. C., Reduced three-dimensional motility in dehydrated airway mucus prevents neutrophil capture and killing bacteria on airway epithelial surfaces Journal of Immunology 2005 175 2 1090 1099 (Pubitemid 41094995)
13. Livraghi A., Randell S. H., Cystic fibrosis and other respiratory diseases of impaired mucus clearance Toxicologic Pathology 2007 35 1 116 129 (Pubitemid 46328419)
14. Tang H. B., Dimango E., Bryan R., Gambello M., Iglewski B. H., Goldberg J. B., Prince A., Contribution of specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors to pathogenesis of pneumonia in a neonatal mouse model of infection Infection Immunity 1996 64 1 37 43 (Pubitemid 26009338)
15. Madjdpour C., Oertli B., Ziegler U., Bonvini J. M., Pasch T., Beck-Schimmer B., Lipopolysaccharide induces functional ICAM-1 expression in rat alveolar epithelial cells in vitro American Journal of Physiology 2000 278 3 L572 L579
16. Filloux A., Bally M., Ball G., Akrim M., Tommassen J., Lazdunski A., Protein secretion in gram-negative bacteria: transport across the outer membrane involves common mechanisms in different bacteria EMBO Journal 1990 9 13 4323 4329 (Pubitemid 120025988)
17. Yahr T. L., Goranson J., Frank D. W., Exoenzyme of S of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is secreted by a type III pathway Molecular Microbiology 1996 22 5 991 1003 (Pubitemid 26411342)
18. Lee V. T., Smith R. S., Tmmler B., Lory S., Activities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectors secreted by the type III secretion system in vitro and during infection Infection Immunity 2005 73 3 1695 1705 (Pubitemid 40470758)
19. Ball G., Durand., Lazdunski A., Filloux A., A novel type II secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Molecular Microbiology 2002 43 2 475 485 (Pubitemid 34146736)
20. Smith E. E., Buckley D. G., Wu Z., Genetic adaptation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the airways of cystic fibrosis patients Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 103 22 8487 8492 (Pubitemid 43838482)
21. Bragonzi A., Paroni M., Nonis A., Pseudomonas aeruginosa microevolution during cystic fibrosis lung infection establishes clones with adapted virulence American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 2009 180 2 138 145
22. Bianconi I., Milani A, Cigana C., Paroni M., Levesque R. C., Bertoni G., Bragonzi A., Positive signature-tagged mutagenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: tracking patho-adaptive mutations promoting airways chronic infection PLoS Pathogens 2011 7 2
23. Nguyen D., Singh P. K., Evolving stealth: genetic adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during cystic fibrosis infections Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 103 22 8305 8306 (Pubitemid 43838449)
24. Hoiby N., Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa precipitins determined by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. A survey Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica Supplement 1977 262 1 96
25. Epelman S., Stack D., Bell C., Different domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S activate distinct TLRs Journal of Immunology 2004 173 3 2031 2040 (Pubitemid 38971640)
26. Erridge C., Pridmore A., Eley A., Stewart J., Poxton I. R., Lipopolysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa signal via toll-like receptor 2 Journal of Medical Microbiology 2004 53 8 735 740 (Pubitemid 39430358)
27. Flo T., Ryan L., Latz E., Involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in cell activation by mannuronic acid polymers The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 38 35489 35495
28. Amiel E., Lovewell R. R., O'Toole G. A., Hogan D. A., Berwin B., Pseudomonas aeruginosa evasion of phagocytosis is mediated by loss of swimming motility and is independent of flagellum expression Infection Immunity 2010 78 7 2937 2945
29. Lagoumintzis G., Christofidou M., Dimitracopoulos G., Paliogianni F., Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime glycolipoprotein is a potent stimulant of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression and activation of transcription activators nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein 1 in human monocytes Infection Immunity 2003 71 8 4614 4622 (Pubitemid 36919928)
30. Cigana C., Curcur L., Leone M. R., Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits lipid A and muropeptides modification as a strategy to lower innate immunity during cystic fibrosis lung infection PloS one 2009 4 12 e8439
31. Zhang Z., Louboutin J. P., Weiner D. J., Goldberg J. B., Wilson J. M., Human airway epithelial cells sense Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via recognition of flagellin by toll-like receptor 5 Infection Immunity 2005 73 11 7151 7160 (Pubitemid 41587612)
32. Magnusson M., Tobes R., Sancho J., Pareja E., Cutting edge: natural DNA repetitive extragenic sequences from gram-negative pathogens strongly stimulate TLR9 Journal of Immunology 2007 179 1 31 35 (Pubitemid 46986513)
33. Hemmi H., Takeuchi O., Kawai T., A toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA Nature 2000 408 6813 740 745 (Pubitemid 32015992)
34. Franchi L., Stoolman J., Kanneganti T. D., Verma A., Ramphal R., Nez G., Critical role for Ipaf in Pseudomonas aeruginosa -induced caspase-1 activation European Journal of Immunology 2007 37 11 3030 3039 (Pubitemid 350131283)
35. Schroeder T. H., Lee M. M., Yacono P. W., Cannon C. L., Gereker A., Golan D. E., Pier G. B., CFTR is a pattern recognition molecule that extracts Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS from the outer membrane into epithelial cells and activates NF-kappa B translocation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002 99 10 6907 6912 (Pubitemid 34526231)
36. Janeway C. A. Jr., Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 1989 54 1 1 13
37. Akira S., Takeda K., Toll-like receptor signalling Nature Reviews Immunology 2004 4 7 499 511 (Pubitemid 38931765)
38. Akira S., Uematsu S., Takeuchi O., Pathogen recognition and innate immunity Cell 2006 124 4 783 801 (Pubitemid 43261452)
39. Inohara N., Koseki T., Del Peso L., Nod1, an Apaf-1-like activator of caspase-9 and nuclear factor-kappaB The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999 274 21 14560 14567
40. Ogura Y., Inohara N., Benito A., Chen F. F., Yamaoka S., Nunez G., Nod2, a Nod1/Apaf-1 family member that is restricted to monocytes and activates NF-kappaB The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001 276 7 4812 4818
41. Girardin S. E., Boneca I. G., Carneiro L. A., Nod1 detects a unique muropeptide from gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan Science 2003 300 5625 1584 1587 (Pubitemid 36682892)
42. Inohara N., Ogura Y., Fontalba A., Host recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide mediated through NOD2: implications for crohn's disease The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003 278 8 5509 5512 (Pubitemid 36800790)
43. Inohara N., Chamaillard M., McDonald C., Nunez G., NOD-LRR proteins: role in host-microbial interactions and inflammatory disease Annual Review of Biochemistry 2005 74 355 383 (Pubitemid 40995511)
44. Fritz J. H., Ferrero R. L., Philpott D. J., Girardin S. E., Nod-like proteins in immunity, inflammation and disease Nature Immunology 2006 7 12 1250 1257 (Pubitemid 46111242)
45. Cookson B. T., Brennan M. A., Pro-inflammatory programmed cell death Trends in Microbiology 2001 9 3 113 114
46. Lyczak J. B., Cannon C. L., Pier G. B., Establishment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: lessons from a versatile opportunist Microbes and Infection 2000 2 9 1051 1060 (Pubitemid 30664219)
47. Alexander C., Rietschel E. T., Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity Journal of Endotoxin Research 2001 7 3 167 202 (Pubitemid 32894573)
48. Lien E., Means T. K., Heine H., Toll-like receptor 4 imparts ligand-specific recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide Journal of Clinical Investigation 2000 105 4 497 504 (Pubitemid 30127250)
49. Kitchens R., Role of CD14 in cellular recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides Chemical Immunology 1999 74 61 82 (Pubitemid 29511753)
50. Ernst R. K., Yi E. C., Guo L., Lim K. B., Burns J. L., Hackett M., Miller S. I., Specific lipopolysaccharide found in cystic fibrosis airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa Science 1999 286 5444 1561 1565
51. Ernst R., Hajjar A. M., Tsai J. H., Moskowitz S. M., Wilson C. B., Miller S. I., Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid A diversity and its recognition by Toll-like receptor 4 Journal of Endotoxin Research 2003 9 6 395 400 (Pubitemid 38035605)
52. Firoved A. M., Ornatowski W., Deretic V., Microarray analysis reveals induction of lipoprotein genes in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications for inflammation in cystic fibrosis Infection Immunity 2004 72 9 5012 5018 (Pubitemid 39223384)
53. Adamo R., Sokol S., Soong G., Gomez M. I., Prince A., Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagella activate airway epithelial cells through asialoGM1 and toll-like receptor 2 as well as toll-like receptor 5 American Journal of Respiratory Cell Molecular Biology 2004 30 5 627 634 (Pubitemid 38591213)
54. Xaplanteri P., Lagoumintzis G., Dimitracopoulos G., Paliogianni F., Synergistic regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa -induced cytokine production in human monocytes by mannose receptor and TLR2 European Journal of Immunology 2009 39 3 730 740
55. Huang X., Barrett R. P., McClellan S. A., Hazlett L. D., Silencing toll-like receptor-9 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science 2005 46 11 4209 4216 (Pubitemid 44264624)
56. Sun X., Sui H., Fisher J. T., Disease phenotype of a ferret CFTR-knockout model of cystic fibrosis The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010 120 9 3149 3160
57. Schirm M., Arora S. K., Verma A., Vinogradov E., Thibault P., Ramphal R., Logan S. M., Structural and genetic characterization of glycosylation of type a flagellin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Journal of Bacteriology 2004 186 9 2523 2531 (Pubitemid 38525904)
58. Donnelly M. A., Steiner T. S., Two nonadjacent regions in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli flagellin are required for activation of toll-like receptor 5 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 43 40456 40461 (Pubitemid 35215622)
59. Murthy K. G., Deb A., Goonesekera S., Szab C., Salzman A. L., Identification of conserved domains in Salmonella muenchen flagellin that are essential for Its ability to activate TLR5 and to induce an inflammatory response in vitro The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004 279 7 5667 5675 (Pubitemid 38220595)
60. Verma A., Arora S. K., Kuravi S. K., Ramphal R., Roles of specific amino acids in the N terminus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin and of flagellin glycosylation in the innate immune response Infection Immunity 2005 73 12 8237 8246 (Pubitemid 41740313)
61. Eaves-Pyles T., Murthy K., Liaudet L., Flagellin, a novel mediator of Salmonella -induced epithelial activation and systemic inflammation: I kappa B alpha degradation, induction of nitric oxide synthase, induction of proinflammatory mediators, and cardiovascular dysfunction The Journal of Immunology 2001 166 2 1248 1260 (Pubitemid 32060286)
62. Feuillet V., Medjane S., Mondor I., Demaria O., Pagni P. P., Galn J. E., Flavell R. A., Alexopoulou L., Involvement of toll-like receptor 5 in the recognition of flagellated bacteria Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 103 33 12487 12492 (Pubitemid 44274883)
63. Power M. R., Peng Y., Maydanski E., Marshall J. S., Lin T. J., The development of early host response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is critically dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88 in mice The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004 279 47 49315 49322 (Pubitemid 39625818)
64. Ramphal R., Balloy V., Huerre M., Si-Tahar M., Chignard M., TLRs 2 and 4 are not involved in hypersusceptibility to acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections Journal of Immunology 2005 175 6 3927 3934 (Pubitemid 41292053)
65. Skerrett S. J., Liggitt H. D., Hajjar A. M., Wilson C. B., Cutting edge: myeloid differentiation factor 88 is essential for pulmonary host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Staphylococcus aureus Journal of Immunology 2004 172 6 3377 3381 (Pubitemid 38337914)
66. Travassos L. H., Carneiro L. A., Girardin S. E., Nod1 participates in the innate immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005 280 44 36714 36718 (Pubitemid 41587750)
67. Franchi L., Amer A., Body-Malapel M., Cytosolic flagellin requires Ipaf for activation of caspase-1 and interleukin 1beta in Salmonella -infected macrophages Nature Immunology 2006 7 6 576 582 (Pubitemid 43797338)
68. Miao E. A., Andersen-Nissen E., Warren S. E., Aderem A., TLR5 and Ipaf: dual sensors of bacterial flagellin in the innate immune system Seminars in Immunopathology 2007 29 3 275 288 (Pubitemid 47416216)
69. Miao E. A., Ernst R. K., Dors M., Mao D. P., Aderem A., Pseudomonas aeruginosa activates caspase 1 through Ipaf Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 7 2562 2567 (Pubitemid 351520553)
70. Sutterwala F. S., Mijares L. A., Li L., Ogura Y., Kazmierczak B. I., Flavell R. A., Immune recognition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated by the IPAF/NLRC4 inflammasome Journal of Experimental Medicine 2007 204 13 3235 3245
71. Miao E. A., Mao D. P., Yudkovsky N., Innate immune detection of the type III secretion apparatus through the NLRC4 inflammasome Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 107 7 3076 3080
72. Mahenthiralingam E., Campbell M. E., Speert D. P., Nonmotility and phagocytic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from chronically colonized patients with cystic fibrosis Infection and Immunity 1994 62 2 596 605 (Pubitemid 24033780)
73. Martin D. W., Schurr M. J., Mudd M. H., Govan J. R. W., Holloway B. W., Deretic V., Mechanism of conversion to mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infecting cystic fibrosis patients Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 90 18 8377 8381 (Pubitemid 23277671)
74. Bragonzi A., Wiehlmann L., Klockgether J., Cramer N., Worlitzsch D., Dning G., Tmmler B., Sequence diversity of the mucABD locus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis Microbiology 2006 152 11 3261 3269 (Pubitemid 44734330)
75. D'Argenio D. A., Wu M., Hoffman L. R., Growth phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasR mutants adapted to the airways of cystic fibrosis patients Molecular Microbiology 2007 64 2 512 533 (Pubitemid 46632635)
76. Hoffman L., Kulasekara H. D., Emerson J., Houston L. S., Burns J. L., Ramsey B. W., Miller S. I., Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasR mutants are associated with cystic fibrosis lung disease progression Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2009 8 1 66 70
77. Burns J. L., Gibson R. L., McNamara S., Longitudinal assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in young children with cystic fibrosis Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001 183 3 444 452 (Pubitemid 32105604)
78. Ciofu O., Riis B., Pressler T., Poulsen H. E., Hiby N., Occurrence of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with the oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy 2005 49 6 2276 2282 (Pubitemid 40734454)
79. Mathee K., Ciofu O., Sternberg C., Mucoid conversion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by hydrogen peroxide: a mechanism for virulence activation in the cystic fibrosis lung Microbiology 1999 145 6 1349 1357 (Pubitemid 29294920)
80. Bragonzi A., Worlitzsch D., Pier G. B., Nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses alginate in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and in a mouse model Journal of Infectious Diseases 2005 192 3 410 419 (Pubitemid 41023119)
81. Sokurenko E. V., Hasty D. L., Dykhuizen D. E., Pathoadaptive mutations: gene loss and variation in bacterial pathogens Trends in Microbiology 1999 7 5 191 195 (Pubitemid 29234329)
82. Jain M., Ramirez D., Seshadri R., Cullina J. F., Powers C. A., Schullert G. S., Bar-Meir M., Sullivan C. L., McColley S. A., Hauser A. R., Type III secretion phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains change during infection of individuals with cystic fibrosis Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004 42 11 5229 5237 (Pubitemid 39506234)
83. Oliver A., Cantn R., Campo P., Baquero F., Blzquez J., High frequency of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection Science 2000 288 5469 1251 1253 (Pubitemid 30367204)
84. Young D., Hussell T., Dougan G., Chronic bacterial infections: living with unwanted guests Nature Immunology 2002 3 11 1026 1032 (Pubitemid 35363653)
85. Sokurenko E. V., Chesnokova V., Dykhuizen D. E., Pathogenic adaptation of Escherichia coli by natural variation of the FimH adhesin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 95 15 8922 8926 (Pubitemid 28350590)
86. Moxon E. R., Murphy P. A., Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia and meningitis resulting from survival of a single organism Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1978 75 3 1534 1536 (Pubitemid 8301592)
87. Akopyants N. S., Eaton K. A., Berg D. E., Adaptive mutation and cocolonization during Helicobacter pylori infection of gnotobiotic piglets Infection Immunity 1995 63 1 116 121
88. Luzar M. A., Thomassen M. J., Montie T. C., Flagella and motility alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with cystic fibrosis: relationship to patient clinical condition Infection Immunity 1985 50 2 577 582 (Pubitemid 16246284)
89. Ernst R. K., Moskowitz S. M., Emerson J. C., Unique lipid A modifications in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis Journal of Infectious Diseases 2007 196 7 1088 1092 (Pubitemid 47580305)
90. Hajjar A. M., Ernst R. K., Tsai J. H., Wilson C. B., Miller S. I., Human toll-like receptor 4 recognizes host-specific LPS modifications Nature Immunology 2002 3 4 354 359 (Pubitemid 34308623)
91. Simpson J. A., Smith S. E., Dean R. T., Alginate inhibition of the uptake of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by macrophages Journal of General Microbiology 1988 134 1 29 36 (Pubitemid 18031722)
92. Simpson J. A., Smith S. E., Dean R. T., Alginate may accumulate in cystic fibrosis lung because the enzymatic and free radical capacities of phagocytic cells are inadequate for its degradation Biochemistry Molecular Biology International 1993 30 6 1021 1034 (Pubitemid 23276068)
93. Hiby N., Krogh Johansen H., Moser C., Song Z., Ciofu O., Kharazmi A., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the in vitro and in vivo biofilm mode of growth Microbes Infection 2001 3 1 23 35 (Pubitemid 32172037)
94. Cobb L. M., Mychaleckyj J. C., Wozniak D. J., Lpez-Boado Y. S., Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin and alginate elicit very distinct gene expression patterns in airway epithelial cells: implications for cystic fibrosis disease Journal of Immunology 2004 173 9 5659 5670 (Pubitemid 39392154)
95. Govan J. R., Fyfe J. A., Baker N. R., Heterogeneity and reduction in pulmonary clearance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1983 5 S874 S879
96. Boucher J. C., Yu H., Mudd M. H., Deretic V., Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: characterization of muc mutations in clinical isolates and analysis of clearance in a mouse model of respiratory infection Infection Immunity 1997 65 9 3838 3846 (Pubitemid 27398149)
97. Jain M., Ramirez D., Seshadri R., Type III secretion phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains change during infection of individuals with cystic fibrosis Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2004 42 11 5229 5237 (Pubitemid 39506234)
98. Fung C., Naughton S., Turnbull L., Gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mucin-containing synthetic growth medium mimicking cystic fibrosis lung sputum Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010 59 9 1089 1100
99. Jones A. K., Fulcher N. B., Balzer G. J., Activation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgU regulon through mucA mutation inhibits cyclic AMP/Vfr signaling The Journal of Bacteriology 2010 192 21 5709 5717