Behaviour of telocytes during physiopathological activation

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology

Volumn 55, Issue , 2016, Pages 50-61

  Díaz Flores, Lucio ^a   Gutiérrez, Ricardo ^a   Goméz, Miriam González ^a   Sáez, Francisco J ^b   Madrid, Juan F ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY UPV EHU   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

CD34; Myofibroblasts; Regeneration; Repair; Stromal cells; Telocyte hyperplasia; Telocytehyperplasia; Tumour stroma

Indexed keywords

APOPTOSIS; BENIGN TUMOR; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL REGENERATION; CELL STRUCTURE; CELLS BY BODY ANATOMY; CRYPTORCHISM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GRANULATION TISSUE; HYPERPLASIA; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE; INFLAMMATION; LEYDIG CELL; MICROENVIRONMENT; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; STROMA CELL; TELOCYTE; ANIMAL; CELL SHAPE; CYTOLOGY; HUMAN; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; PATHOLOGY;

CD34 ANTIGEN;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, CD34; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL SHAPE; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; STROMAL CELLS; TELOCYTES;

EID: 84973111515     PISSN: 10849521     EISSN: 10963634     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.035     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Popescu L.M., Faussone-Pellegrini M.S. Telocytes-a case of serendipity: the winding way from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), via interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) to telocytes. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2010, 14(4):729-740.
2. Popescu L.M. Telocytes-a novel type of interstitial cells. Recent Researches in Modern Medicine-HISTEM 2011 2011, 424-432. WSEAS Press, Cambridge, UK. O. Braisant, H. Wakamatsu, I. Kang, K. Allegaert, Y. Lenbury, A. Wacholtz (Eds.).
3. Vannucchi M.G., Bani D., Faussone-Pellegrini M.S. Telocytes contribute as cell progenitors and differentiation inductors in tissue regeneration. Curr. Stem Cell. Res. Ther. 2015, (May (28)). [Epub ahead of print].
4. Pieri L., Vannucchi M.G., Faussone-Pellegrini M.S. Histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of an interstitial cell type different from ICC and resident in the muscle coat of human gut. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2008, 12(5B):1944-1955.
5. Faussone-Pellegrini M.S., Popescu L.M. Telocytes. BioMol. Concepts 2011, 2(6):481-489.
6. Vannucchi M.G., et al. Telocytes express PDGFRα in the human gastrointestinal tract. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(9):1099-1108.
7. Milia A.F., et al. Telocytes in Crohn's disease. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(2):1525-1536.
8. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Uptake and intracytoplasmic storage of pigmented particles by human CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes: endocytic property of telocytes. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(12):2478-2487.
9. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Human resident CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes have progenitor capacity and are a source of αSMA+ cells during repair. Histol. Histopathol. 2015, 30(5):615-627.
10. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Telocytes in neuromuscular spindles. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(4):457-465.
11. Díaz-Flores L., et al. CD34-positive fibroblasts in Reinke's edema. Laryngoscope 2014, 124(3):E73-80.
12. Díaz-Flores L., et al. CD34+ stromal cells/fibroblasts/fibrocytes/telocytes as a tissue reserve and a principal source of mesenchymal cells location, morphology, function and role in pathology. Histol. Histopathol. 2014, 29(7):831-870.
13. Hanani M. Multiple myenteric networks in the human appendix. Auton. Neurosci. 2004, 110(1):49-54.
14. Gherghiceanu M., Popescu L.M. Cardiomyocyte precursors and telocytes in epicardial stem cell niche: electron microscope images. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2010, 14(4):871-877.
15. Yang Y., Sun W., Wu S.M., et al. Telocytes in human heart valves. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(5):759-765.
16. Popescu L.M., et al. Cardiac renewing: interstitial Cajal-like cells nurse cardiomyocyte progenitors in epicardial stem cell niches. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2009, 13(5):866-886.
17. Zhou J., et al. Distribution and characteristics of telocytes as nurse cells in the architectural organization of engineered heart tissues. Sci. China Life Sci. 2014, 57(2):241-247.
18. Manole C.G., et al. Experimental acute myocardial infarction: telocytes involvement in neo-angiogenesis. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2011, 15(11):2284-2296.
19. Sahoo S., Losordo D.W. Exosomes and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. Circ. Res. 2014, 114(2):333-344.
20. Popescu L.M., et al. Identification of telocytes in skeletal muscle interstitium: implication for muscle regeneration. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2011, 15(6):1379-1392.
21. Ceafalan L., et al. Telocytes in human skin-are they involved in skin regeneration?. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2012, 16(7):1405-1420.
22. Popescu L.M., et al. Telocytes and putative stem cells in the lungs: electron microscopy, electron tomography and laser scanning microscopy. Cell Tissue Res. 2011, 345(3):391-403.
23. Wang F., et al. Telocytes in liver regeneration: possible roles. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(9):1720-1726.
24. Wang F., et al. Telocytes in pregnancy-induced physiological liver growth. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2015, 36(1):250-258.
25. Luesma M.J., et al. Telocytes and stem cells in limbus and uvea of mouse eye. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(8):1016-1024.
26. Lorincz A., et al. Progenitors of interstitial cells of Cajal in the postnatal murine stomach. Gastroenterology 2008, 134(4):83-93.
27. Huizinga J.D., White E.J. Progenitor cells of interstitial cells of Cajal: on the road to tissue repair. Gastroenterology 2008, 134(4):1252-1253.
28. Gibbons S.J., et al. Apoptotic cell death of human interstitial cells of Cajal. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2009, 2(1):85-93.
29. Faussone-Pellegrini M.S., et al. Plasticity of interstitial cells of Cajal: a study of mouse colon. Cell Tissue Res. 2006, 325(2):211-217.
30. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Behavior of in situ human native adipose tissue CD34+ stromal/progenitor cells during different stages of repair. Tissue-resident CD34+ stromal cells as a source of myofibroblasts. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken) 2015, 298(5):917-930.
31. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Telocytes as a source of progenitor cells in regeneration and repair through granulation tissue. Curr. Stem Cell. Res. Ther. 2015, (October). [Epub ahead of print].
32. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Telocyte behaviour during inflammation, repair and tumour stroma formation. Telocytes: A Novel Cell Type in Regeneration Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2014, Bentham Science Publishers, Beijing, China. C. Yang, J. Xiao (Eds.).
33. Halvorsen Y.C., Wilkison W.O., Gimble J.M. Adipose-derived stromal cells-their utility and potential in bone formation. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2000, 24(Suppl. 4):S41--S44.
34. Zuk P.A., et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng. 2001, 7(2):211-228.
35. Zuk P.A., et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2002, 13(12):4279-4295.
36. Erickson G.R., et al. Chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 290(2):763-769.
37. Mizuno H., et al. Myogenic differentiation by human processed lipoaspirate cells. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2002, 109(1):199-209.
38. Gimble J., Guilak F. Adipose-derived adult stem cells: isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential. Cytotherapy 2003, 5(5):362-369.
39. Hicok K.C., et al. Human adipose-derived adult stem cells produce osteoid in vivo. Tissue Eng. 2004, 10(3-4):371-380.
40. Justesen J., et al. Subcutaneous adipocytes can differentiate into bone-forming cells in vitro and in vivo. Tissue Eng. 2004, 10(3-4):381-391.
41. Gimble J.M., Katz A.J., Bunnell B.A. Adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine. Circ. Res. 2007, 100(9):1249-1260.
42. Daher S.R., et al. Adipose stromal/stem cells: basic and translational advances: the IFATS collection. Stem Cells 2008, 26(10):2664-2665.
43. Suga H., et al. Functional implications of CD34 expression in human adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2009, 18(8):1201-1210.
44. Boquest A.C., et al. Isolation and transcription profiling of purified uncultured human stromal stem cells: alteration of gene expression after in vitro cell culture. Mol. Biol. Cell. 2005, 16(3):1131-1141.
45. Sengenes C., et al. Preadipocytes in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue display distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. J. Cell Physiol. 2005, 205(1):114-122.
46. Mitchell J.B., et al. Immunophenotype of human adipose-derived cells: temporal changes in stromal-associated and stem cell-associated markers. Stem Cells 2006, 24(2):376-385.
47. Lin G., et al. Defining stem and progenitor cells within adipose tissue. Stem Cells Dev. 2008, 17(6):1053-1063.
48. Rodeheffer M.S., Birsoy K., Friedman J.M. Identification of white adipocyte progenitor cells in vivo. Cell 2008, 135(2):240-249.
49. Lin C.S., et al. Defining adipose tissue-derived stem cells in tissue and in culture. Histol. Histopathol. 2010, 25(6):807-815.
50. Zimmerlin L., et al. Stromal vascular progenitors in adult human adipose tissue. Cytometry A 2010, 77(1):22-30.
51. Zimmerlin L., et al. Mesenchymal markers on human adipose stem/progenitor cells. Cytometry A 2013, 83(1):134-140.
52. Li H., et al. Adipogenic potential of adipose stem cell subpopulations. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2011, 128(3):663-672.
53. Maumus M., et al. Native human adipose stromal cells: localization, morphology and phenotype. Int. J. Obes. (London) 2011, 35(9):1141-1153.
54. Bassi G., et al. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Transfus. Apher. Sci. 2012, 47(2):193-198.
55. Bourin P., et al. Stromal cells from the adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction and culture expanded adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells: a joint statement of the international federation for adipose therapeutics and science (IFATS) and the international society for cellular therapy (ISCT). Cytotherapy 2013, 15(6):641-648.
56. Braun J., et al. Concerted regulation of CD34 and CD105 accompanies mesenchymal stromal cell derivation from human adventitial tromal cell. Stem Cells Dev. 2013, 22(5):815-827.
57. Lin G., Xu R.H. Progresses and challenges in optimization of human pluripotent stem cell culture. Curr. Stem Cell. Res. Ther. 2010, 5(3):207-214.
58. Lin C.S., et al. Is CD34 truly a negative marker for mesenchymal stromal cells?. Cytotherapy 2012, 14(10):1159-1163.
59. Lin C.S., et al. Commonly used mesenchymal stem cell markers and tracking labels: limitations and challenges. Histol. Histopathol. 2013, 28(9):1109-1116.
60. Barth P.J., et al. CD34+ fibrocytes, alpha-smooth muscle antigen-positive myofibroblasts, and CD117 expression in the stroma of invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Virch. Arch. 2004, 444(3):31-34.
61. Nakayama H., et al. Differential expression of CD34 in normal colorectal tissue, peritumoral inflammatory tissue, and tumour stroma. J. Clin. Pathol. 2000, 53(8):626-629.
62. Nakayama H., et al. Alpha smooth muscle actin positive stromal cells in gastric carcinoma. J. Clin. Pathol. 2002, 55(10):741-744.
63. Nakayama H., et al. Lack of vascular adventitial fibroblastic cells in tumour stroma of intestinal-type and solid-type gastric carcinomas. J. Clin. Pathol. 2004, 57(2):183-185.
64. Nimphius W., et al. CD34+ fibrocytes in chronic cystitis and noninvasive and invasive urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Virchows Arch. 2007, 450(2):179-185.
65. Barth P.J., Ramaswamy A., Moll R. CD34(+) fibrocytes in normal cervical stroma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Virchows Arch. 2002, 441(6):564-568.
66. Barth P.J., et al. CD34+ fibrocytes in invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and benign breast lesions. Virchows Arch. 2002, 440(3):298-303.
67. Chauhan H., et al. There is more than one kind of myofibroblast: analysis of CD34 expression in benign, in situ, and invasive breast lesions. J. Clin. Pathol. 2003, 56(4):271-276.
68. Ramaswamy A., Moll R. Barth PJ CD34+ fibrocytes in tubular carcinomas and radial scars of the breast. Virchows Arch. 2003, 443(4):536-540.
69. Kuroda N., et al. Consistent lack of CD34-positive stromal cells in the stroma of malignant breast lesions. Histol. Histopathol. 2005, 20(3):707-712.
70. Ebrahimsade S., Westhoff C.C., Barth P.J. CD34+ fibrocytes are preserved in most invasive lobular carcinomas of the breast. Pathol. Res. Prac. 2007, 203(9):695-698.
71. Cretoiu S.M., Popescu L.M. Telocytes revisited. Biomol. Concepts 2014, 5(5):353-369.
72. Richter M., Kostin S. The failing human heart is characterized by decreased numbers of telocytes as result of apoptosis and altered extracellular matrix composition. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2015, 19(11):2597-2606.
73. Hinescu M.E., et al. Interstitial Cajal-like cells in rat mesentery: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical approach. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2008, 12(1):260-270.
74. Popescu L.M., Nicolescu M.I. Telocytes and stem cells. Resident Stem Cells and Regenerative Therapy 2013, 205-231. Academic Press/Elsevier. R. Coeli dos Santos Goldenberg, A.C. Campos de Carvalho (Eds.).
75. Popescu L.M., et al. The connective connection: interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and ICC-like cells establish synapses with immunoreactive cells. Electron microscope study in situ. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2005, 9(3):714--730.
76. Mandache E., Popescu L.M., Gherghiceanu M. Myocardial interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) and their nanostructural relationships with intercalated discs: shed vesicles as intermediates. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2007, 11(5):1175-1184.
77. Nicolescu M.I., Popescu L.M. Telocytes in the interstitium of human exocrine pancreas: ultrastructural evidence. Pancreas 2012, 41(6):949-956.
78. Nicolescu M.I., et al. Telocytes in parotid glands. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken) 2012, 295(3):378-385.
79. Smythies J. Intercellular signaling in cancer-the SMT and TOFT hypotheses, exosomes, telocytes and metastases: is the messenger in the message?. J. Cancer 2015, 6(May (7)):604-609.
80. Fertig E.T., Gherghiceanu M., Popescu L.M. Extracellular vesicles release by cardiac telocytes: electron microscopy and electron tomography. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(10):1938-1943.
81. Yamazaki K., Eyden B.P. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations on intralobular fibroblasts of human breast, with observations on the CD34 antigen. J. Submicroscop. Cytol. Pathol 1995, 27(3):309-323.
82. Zheng Y., et al. Genetic comparison of mouse lung telocytes with mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(4):567-577.
83. Zheng Y., et al. Protein profiling of human lung telocytes and microvascular endothelial cells using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(6):1035-1059.
84. Galiger C., et al. Phenotypical and ultrastructural features of Oct4-positive cells in the adult mouse lung. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(7):1321-1333.
85. Popescu L.M. The tandem: telocytes-stem cells. Int. J. Biol. Biomed. Eng. 2011, 5(2):83-92.
86. Bani D., et al. Telocytes as supporting cells for myocardial tissue organization in developing and adult heart. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2010, 14(10):2531-2538.
87. Faussone-Pellegrini M.S., Bani D. Relationships between telocytes and cardiomyocytes during pre- and post-natal life. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2010, 14(5):1061-1063.
88. Gherghiceanu M., Popescu L.M. Cardiac telocytes-their junctions and functional implications. Cell. Tissue Res. 2012, 348(2):265-279.
89. Bani D., Nistri S. New insights into the morphogenic role of stromal cells and their relevance for regenerative medicine. Lessons from the heart. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(3):363-370.
90. Zhao B., et al. Cardiac telocytes were decreased during myocardial infarction and their therapeutic effects for ischaemic heart in rat. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(1):123-133.
91. Gherghiceanu M., Popescu L.M. Heterocellular communication in the heart: electron tomography of telocyte-myocyte junctions. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2011, 15(4):1005-1011.
92. Bei Y., et al. Telocytes in regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2015, 19(7):1441-1454.
93. Cretoiu D., Gherghiceanu M., Hummel E., Zimmermann H., Simionescu O., Popescu L.M. FIB-SEM tomography of human skin telocytes and their extracellular vesicles. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2015, 19(4):714-722.
94. Li L., et al. Renal telocytes contribute to the repair of ischemically injured renal tubules. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(6):1144-1156.
95. Cretoiu S.M., et al. Complex effects of imatinib on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contractions in human non-pregnant myometrium. Acta Physiol. Hung. 2011, 98(3):329-338.
96. Creţoiu S.M., Creţoiu D., Popescu L.M. Human myometrium-the ultrastructural 3D network of telocytes. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2012, 16(11):2844-2849.
97. Cretoiu S.M., et al. Telocytes: ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological characteristics in human myometrium. Reproduction 2013, 145(4):357-370.
98. Cretoiu S.M., Radu B.M., Banciu A., Banciu D.D., Cretoiu D., Ceafalan L.C., Popescu L.M. Isolated human uterine telocytes: immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology of T-type calcium channels. Histochem. Cell. Biol. 2015, 143(1):83-94.
99. Popescu B.O., Gherghiceanu M., Kostin S., Ceafalan L., Popescu L.M. Telocytes in meninges and choroid plexus. Neurosci. Lett. 2012, 516(2):265-269.
100. Erdag G., Qureshi H.S., Patterson J.W., Wick M.R. CD34-positive dendritic cells disappear from scars but are increased in pericicatricial tissue. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2008, 35(August (8)):752-756.
101. Weiss S.W., Nickoloff B.J. CD-34 is expressed by a distinctive cell population in peripheral nerve, nerve sheath tumors, and related lesions. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1993, 17(10):1039-1045.
102. Khalifa M.A., et al. What are the CD34+ cells in benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors? Double immunostaining study of CD34 and S-100 protein. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 2000, 114(1):123-126.
103. Hirose T., et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of EMA/Glut1-positive perineurial cells and CD34-positive fibroblastic cells in peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Mod. Pathol. 2003, 16(4):293-298.
104. Wessel C., et al. CD34(+) fibrocytes in melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas of the skin. Virchows Arch. 2008, 453(5):485-489.
105. Ide F., et al. Neurotized nevi of the oral mucosa: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of neviccorpuscles. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 2007, 36(8):505-510.
106. Barth P.J., Köster H., Moosdorf R. CD34+ fibrocytes in normal mitral valves and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. Pathol. Res. Pract. 2005, 201(4):301-304.
107. Douglas R.S., et al. Increased generation of fibrocytes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010, 95(1):430-438.
108. Aiba S., Tagami H. Inverse correlation between CD34 expression and proline-4-hydroxylase immunoreactivity on spindle cells noted in hypertrophic scars and keloids. J. Cutan. Pathol. 1997, 24(2):65-69.
109. Gabbiani G., Ryan G.B., Majno G. Presence of modified fibroblasts in granulation tissue and their possible role in wound contraction. Experientia 1971, 27:549-550.
110. Desmouliere A., Darby I.A., Gabbiani G. Normal and pathological soft tissue remodelling: role of myofibroblast, with special emphasis on live rand kidney fibrosis. Lab. Invest. 2003, 83:1689-1707.
111. Dardy I., Skalli O., Gabbiani G. Alpha-smooth muscle actin is transiently expressed by myofibroblasts during experimental wound healing. Lab. Invest. 1990, 63:21-29.
112. Bucala R., et al. Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair. Mol. Med. 1994, 1:71-81.
113. Abe R., et al. Peripheral blood fibrocytes: differentiation pathway and migration to wound sites. J. Immunol. 2001, 166:7556-7562.
114. Reilkoff R.A., Bucala R., Herzog E.L. Fibrocytes: emerging effector cells in chronic inflammation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2011, 1(6):427-435.
115. Diaz-Flores L., et al. Adult stem cells and repair through granulation tissue. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 2009, 14:1433-1470.
116. Albulescu R., et al. The secretome of myocardial telocytes modulates the activity of cardiac stem cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2015, 19(8):1783-1794.
117. Zheng Y., et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of human lung telocytes with fibroblasts. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2014, 18(4):568-589.
118. Zheng Y., et al. Human lung telocytes could promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Mol. Cell. Ther. 2014, 2(3).
119. Chen X., et al. Telocytes in human oesophagus. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2013, 17(11):1506-1512.
120. Suciu L., et al. Telocytes in human term placenta: morphology and phenotype. Cells Tissues Organs 2010, 192(5):325-339.
121. Dvorak H.F. Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. N. Engl. J. Med. 1986, 315(26):1650-1659.
122. Desmoulière A., Guyot C., Gabbiani G. The stroma reaction myofibroblast: a key player in the control of tumor cell behavior. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2004, 48(5-6):509-517.
123. Kalluri R., Zeisberg M. Fibroblasts in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2006, 6(5):392-401.
124. Zeisberg M., Kalluri R. Fibroblasts emerge via epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic kidney fibrosis. Front. Biosci. 2008, 13:6991-6998.
125. De Wever O., et al. Stromal myofibroblasts are drivers of invasive cancer growth. Int. J. Cancer. 2008, 123(10):2229-2238.
126. Verona E.V., et al. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in prostate stromal cells supports prostate carcinoma growth by up-regulating stromal genes related to tissue remodeling. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(12):5737-5746.
127. Tsujino T., et al. Stromal myofibroblasts predict disease recurrence for colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13(7):2082-2090.
128. Díaz-Flores L., et al. Pericytes morphofunction, interactions and pathology in a quiescent and activated mesenchymal cell niche. Histol. Histopathol. 2009, 24(7):909-969.
129. San Martin R., et al. Recruitment of CD34(+) fibroblasts in tumor-associated reactive stroma: the reactive microvasculature hypothesis. Am. J. Pathol. 2014, 184(6):1860-1870.
130. Nakayama H., et al. CD34 positive stromal cells in gastric adenocarcinomas. J. Clin. Pathol. 2001, 54(11):846-848.
131. Barth P.J., Moll R., Ramaswamy A. Stromal remodeling and SPARC (secreted protein acid rich in cysteine) expression in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. Virchows Arch. 2005, 446(5):532-536.
132. Li Q., Huang W., Zhou X. Expression of CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta1 in squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. J. Int. Med. Res. 2009, 37(2):446-454.
133. Kacar A., et al. Stromal expression of CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD26/DPPIV in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 2012, 18(1):25-31.
134. Catteau X., et al. Variable stromal periductular expression of CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in intraductal carcinoma of the breast. PLoS One 2013, 8:e57773.
135. Sengul D., et al. Differential diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and benign tumors of cutaneous appendages originating from hair follicles by using CD34. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2010, 11(6):1615-1619.