메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 142, Issue 2, 2016, Pages

Effects of hydrogen addition on automotive lean-burn natural gas engines: Critical review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOBILE ENGINES; EFFICIENCY; ENGINE CYLINDERS; HEAT TRANSFER; HYDROGEN; NATURAL GAS;

EID: 84969834694     PISSN: 07339402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000319     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (94)
  • 1
    • 84969806030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apr. 15, 2015
    • AFDC (Alternative Fuel Data Center). (2015). 'http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural-gas-locations.html' (Apr. 15, 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 3
    • 79959541619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lean SI engines: The role of combustion variability in defining lean limits
    • Ayala, F. A., and Heywood, J. B. (2007). " Lean SI engines: The role of combustion variability in defining lean limits." SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-24-0030.
    • (2007) SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-24-0030
    • Ayala, F.A.1    Heywood, J.B.2
  • 4
    • 0035153320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance of methane-fueled vehicles. Part I: Effect on SI engine performance
    • Bauer, C., and Forest, T. (2001). "Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance of methane-fueled vehicles. Part I: Effect on SI engine performance." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 26(1), 55-70.
    • (2001) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-70
    • Bauer, C.1    Forest, T.2
  • 5
    • 0001822644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of the lean operating limit for natural gas fueling of a spark ignited engine using hydrogen blending
    • Bell, S. R., and Gupta, M. (1997). "Extension of the lean operating limit for natural gas fueling of a spark ignited engine using hydrogen blending." Combus. Sci. Technol., 123(1-6), 23-48.
    • (1997) Combus. Sci. Technol. , vol.123 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 23-48
    • Bell, S.R.1    Gupta, M.2
  • 6
    • 79953665353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engine knock and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition engine operating with varying hydrogen and carbon monoxide proportions
    • Bika, A. S., Franklin, L., and Kittelson, D. B. (2011). "Engine knock and combustion characteristics of a spark ignition engine operating with varying hydrogen and carbon monoxide proportions." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36(8), 5143-5152.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 5143-5152
    • Bika, A.S.1    Franklin, L.2    Kittelson, D.B.3
  • 7
    • 0003403118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apr. 1, 2015
    • BP (British Petroleum). (2014). "Statistical Review of World Energry 2014." 'http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/Energy-economics/statistical-review-2014/BP-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2014-full-report.pdf' (Apr. 1, 2015).
    • (2014) Statistical Review of World Energry 2014
  • 8
    • 33845657371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engine characteristics of emissions and performance using mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen
    • Bysveen, M. (2007). "Engine characteristics of emissions and performance using mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen." Energy, 32(4), 482-489.
    • (2007) Energy , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 482-489
    • Bysveen, M.1
  • 10
    • 85072475505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission results from the new development of a dedicated hydrogen-enriched natural gas heavy duty engine
    • Collier, K., Mulligan, N., Shin, D., and Brandon, S. (2005). "Emission results from the new development of a dedicated hydrogen-enriched natural gas heavy duty engine." SAE Technical Paper No. 2005-01-0235.
    • (2005) SAE Technical Paper No. 2005-01-0235
    • Collier, K.1    Mulligan, N.2    Shin, D.3    Brandon, S.4
  • 11
    • 84969773961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mar. 12, 2015
    • Cummins Westport. (2015). 'http://www.cumminswestport.com' (Mar. 12, 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 12
    • 85014500936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of a hydrogen added natural gas (HANG) operated SI engine
    • Das, L. M., and Polly, M. (2005). "Experimental evaluation of a hydrogen added natural gas (HANG) operated SI engine." SAE Technical Paper No. 2005-26-029.
    • (2005) SAE Technical Paper No. 2005-26-029
    • Das, L.M.1    Polly, M.2
  • 13
    • 84969891370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mar. 25, 2015
    • DieselTechnologyForum. (2015). "Diesel at work, cars trucks and SUVs." 'http://www.dieselforum.org/diesel-at-work/cars-trucks-and-suvs' (Mar. 25, 2015).
    • (2015) Diesel at Work, Cars Trucks and SUVs
  • 14
    • 34548472463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of passenger car engine efficiency with low engine-out emissions using hydrogen-natural gas mixtures: A thermodynamic analysis
    • Dimopoulos, P., Rechsteiner, C., Soltic, P., Laemmle, C., and Boulouchos, K. (2007). "Increase of passenger car engine efficiency with low engine-out emissions using hydrogen-natural gas mixtures: A thermodynamic analysis." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32(14), 3073-3083.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.14 , pp. 3073-3083
    • Dimopoulos, P.1    Rechsteiner, C.2    Soltic, P.3    Laemmle, C.4    Boulouchos, K.5
  • 16
  • 17
    • 84969869684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mar. 2, 2015
    • EIA (Environmental Information Administration). (2015). 'http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/hist/rngwhhdA.htm' (Mar. 2, 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 18
    • 0038075506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A strategy for introducing hydrogen into transportation
    • Farrell, A. E., Keith, D. W., and Corbett, J. J. (2003). "A strategy for introducing hydrogen into transportation." Energy Policy, 31(13), 1357-1367.
    • (2003) Energy Policy , vol.31 , Issue.13 , pp. 1357-1367
    • Farrell, A.E.1    Keith, D.W.2    Corbett, J.J.3
  • 19
    • 0002287722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of lean CH4/H2/air premixed flames at high pressure
    • Gauducheau, J., Denet, B., and Searby, G. (1998). "A numerical study of lean CH4/H2/air premixed flames at high pressure." Combus. Sci. Technol., 137(1-6), 81-99.
    • (1998) Combus. Sci. Technol. , vol.137 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 81-99
    • Gauducheau, J.1    Denet, B.2    Searby, G.3
  • 20
    • 79551497644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On road experimental tests of hydrogen/natural gas blends on transit buses
    • Genovese, A., Contrisciani, N., Ortenzi, F., and Cazzola, V. (2011). "On road experimental tests of hydrogen/natural gas blends on transit buses." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36(2), 1775-1783.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 1775-1783
    • Genovese, A.1    Contrisciani, N.2    Ortenzi, F.3    Cazzola, V.4
  • 21
    • 84877406834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrogen combustion engine as the drive system for the BMW of the future
    • Goeschel, B. (2003). "The hydrogen combustion engine as the drive system for the BMW of the future." 24th Int. Vienna Engine Symp.
    • (2003) 24th Int. Vienna Engine Symp.
    • Goeschel, B.1
  • 25
    • 33749607736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study on engine performance and emissions for an engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen mixtures
    • Huang, Z., et al. (2006a). "Experimental study on engine performance and emissions for an engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen mixtures." Energy Fuels, 20(5), 2131-2136.
    • (2006) Energy Fuels , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 2131-2136
    • Huang, Z.1
  • 26
    • 33750511588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends under different ignition timings
    • Huang, Z., Wang, J., Liu, B., Zeng, K., Yu, J., and Jiang, D. (2006b). "Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends under different ignition timings." Fuel, 86(3), 381-387.
    • (2006) Fuel , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-387
    • Huang, Z.1    Wang, J.2    Liu, B.3    Zeng, K.4    Yu, J.5    Jiang, D.6
  • 27
    • 33845984971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on flame propagation characteristics of natural gas-hydrogen-air mixtures
    • Huang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, J., Jiang, D., and Miao, H. (2006c). "Study on flame propagation characteristics of natural gas-hydrogen-air mixtures." Energy Fuels, 20(6), 2385-2390.
    • (2006) Energy Fuels , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 2385-2390
    • Huang, Z.1    Zhang, Y.2    Wang, Q.3    Wang, J.4    Jiang, D.5    Miao, H.6
  • 28
    • 84969800998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mar. 10, 2015
    • Hythane Inc. (2015). 'http://hythane.net/hythane-fuel/' (Mar. 10, 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 29
    • 33747194640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laminar-burning velocities of hydrogen-air and hydrogenâ?" Methane-air mixtures: An experimental study
    • Ilbas, M., Crayford, A., Yılmaz, I., Bowen, P., and Syred, N. (2006). "Laminar-burning velocities of hydrogen-air and hydrogenâ?" methane-air mixtures: An experimental study." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 31(12), 1768-1779.
    • (2006) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 1768-1779
    • Ilbas, M.1    Crayford, A.2    Yä±lmaz, I.3    Bowen, P.4    Syred, N.5
  • 30
    • 0037289685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of H 2 on the response of lean premixed CH 4 flames to high strained flows
    • Jackson, G. S., Sai, R., Plaia, J. M., Boggs, C. M., and Kiger, K. T. (2003). "Influence of H 2 on the response of lean premixed CH 4 flames to high strained flows." Combus. Flame, 132(3), 503-511.
    • (2003) Combus. Flame , vol.132 , Issue.3 , pp. 503-511
    • Jackson, G.S.1    Sai, R.2    Plaia, J.M.3    Boggs, C.M.4    Kiger, K.T.5
  • 33
    • 85028756776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a CNG injection engine compliant to Euro-IV norms and development strategy for HCNG operation
    • Kavathekar, K. P., Rairikar, S. D. and Thipse, S. S. (2007). "Development of a CNG injection engine compliant to Euro-IV norms and development strategy for HCNG operation." SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-26-029.
    • (2007) SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-26-029
    • Kavathekar, K.P.1    Rairikar, S.D.2    Thipse, S.S.3
  • 34
    • 85014456166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HCNG evaluation using a sequential gas injection system for a passenger car
    • Khatri, D., et al. (2009). "HCNG evaluation using a sequential gas injection system for a passenger car." SAE Technical Paper No. 2009-26-0030.
    • (2009) SAE Technical Paper No. 2009-26-0030
    • Khatri, D.1
  • 35
    • 0028409654 scopus 로고
    • Improving the combustion performance of lean hydrocarbon mixtures by hydrogen addition
    • Kido, H., Huang, S., Tanoue, K., and Nitta, T. (1994). "Improving the combustion performance of lean hydrocarbon mixtures by hydrogen addition." JSAE Rev., 15(2), 165-170.
    • (1994) JSAE Rev. , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-170
    • Kido, H.1    Huang, S.2    Tanoue, K.3    Nitta, T.4
  • 36
    • 78049478593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural-gas fueled spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine performance and emissions
    • Korakianitis, T., Namasivayam, A., and Crookes, R. (2011). "Natural-gas fueled spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine performance and emissions." Progr. Energy Combus. Sci., 37(1), 89-112.
    • (2011) Progr. Energy Combus. Sci. , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-112
    • Korakianitis, T.1    Namasivayam, A.2    Crookes, R.3
  • 37
    • 84988273291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational fluid dynamics study of alternative nitric-oxide emission mechanisms in a spark-ignition engine fueled with hydrogen and operating in a wide range of exhaust gas recirculation rates for load control
    • Kosmadakis, G., and Rakopoulos, C. (2014). "Computational fluid dynamics study of alternative nitric-oxide emission mechanisms in a spark-ignition engine fueled with hydrogen and operating in a wide range of exhaust gas recirculation rates for load control." J. Energy Eng., 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000229, C4014008.
    • (2014) J. Energy Eng.
    • Kosmadakis, G.1    Rakopoulos, C.2
  • 38
    • 26444473166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaust emissions from an SI engine operating on gaseous fuel mixtures containing hydrogen
    • Li, H., and Karim, G. A. (2005). "Exhaust emissions from an SI engine operating on gaseous fuel mixtures containing hydrogen." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 30(13), 1491-1499.
    • (2005) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.30 , Issue.13 , pp. 1491-1499
    • Li, H.1    Karim, G.A.2
  • 39
    • 85072445436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knock and combustion characteristics of CH4, CO, H2 and their binary mixtures
    • Li, H., Karim, G. A., and Sohrabi, A. (2003). "Knock and combustion characteristics of CH4, CO, H2 and their binary mixtures." SAE Technical Paper No. 2003-01-3088.
    • (2003) SAE Technical Paper No. 2003-01-3088
    • Li, H.1    Karim, G.A.2    Sohrabi, A.3
  • 40
    • 77955133017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance and emission characteristics of a turbocharged CNG engine fueled by hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas with high hydrogen ratio
    • Ma, F. (2010). "Performance and emission characteristics of a turbocharged CNG engine fueled by hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas with high hydrogen ratio." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35(12), 6438-6447.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 6438-6447
    • Ma, F.1
  • 41
    • 38849140335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion and emission characteristics of a port-injection HCNG engine under various ignition timings
    • Ma, F., Liu, H., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, J., and Zhao, S. (2008a). "Combustion and emission characteristics of a port-injection HCNG engine under various ignition timings." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33(2), 816-822.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 816-822
    • Ma, F.1    Liu, H.2    Wang, Y.3    Li, Y.4    Wang, J.5    Zhao, S.6
  • 42
    • 38849184633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hydrogen addition on cycle-by-cycle variations in a lean burn natural gas spark-ignition engine
    • Ma, F., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Li, Y., Wang, J., and Ding, S. (2008b). "Effects of hydrogen addition on cycle-by-cycle variations in a lean burn natural gas spark-ignition engine." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33(2), 823-831.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 823-831
    • Ma, F.1    Wang, Y.2    Liu, H.3    Li, Y.4    Wang, J.5    Ding, S.6
  • 43
    • 36549011363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study on thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a lean burn hydrogen enriched natural gas engine
    • Ma, F., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Li, Y., Wang, J. and Zhao, S. (2007). "Experimental study on thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a lean burn hydrogen enriched natural gas engine." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 32(18), 5067-5075.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.18 , pp. 5067-5075
    • Ma, F.1    Wang, Y.2    Liu, H.3    Li, Y.4    Wang, J.5    Zhao, S.6
  • 44
    • 85072410980 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the hydrogen-supplemented fuel concept with an experimental multicylinder engine
    • MacDonald, J. S. (1976). "Evaluation of the hydrogen-supplemented fuel concept with an experimental multicylinder engine." SAE Technical Paper No. 760101.
    • (1976) SAE Technical Paper No. 760101
    • MacDonald, J.S.1
  • 45
    • 34548809847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hydrogen addition on laminar and turbulent premixed methane and iso-octane-air flames
    • Mandilas, C., Ormsby, M. P., Sheppard, C. G. W., and Woolley, R. (2007). "Effects of hydrogen addition on laminar and turbulent premixed methane and iso-octane-air flames." Proc. Combus. Inst., 31(1), 1443-1450.
    • (2007) Proc. Combus. Inst. , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 1443-1450
    • Mandilas, C.1    Ormsby, M.P.2    Sheppard, C.G.W.3    Woolley, R.4
  • 47
    • 84855833984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical evaluation of internal combustion spark ignition engines performance fuelled with hydrogen - Natural gas blends
    • Mariani, A., Morrone, B. and Unich, A. (2012). "Numerical evaluation of internal combustion spark ignition engines performance fuelled with hydrogen - Natural gas blends." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37(3), 2644-2654.
    • (2012) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 2644-2654
    • Mariani, A.1    Morrone, B.2    Unich, A.3
  • 50
    • 57949096491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of diluted hydrogen-enriched natural gas
    • Miao, H., Jiao, Q., Huang, Z., and Jiang, D. (2009). "Measurement of laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of diluted hydrogen-enriched natural gas." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34(1), 507-518.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 507-518
    • Miao, H.1    Jiao, Q.2    Huang, Z.3    Jiang, D.4
  • 52
    • 84863610871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency and emissions in a vehicle spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen and methane blends
    • Moreno, F., Muñoz, M., Arroyo, J., Magén, O., Monné, C., and Suelves, I. (2012). "Efficiency and emissions in a vehicle spark ignition engine fueled with hydrogen and methane blends." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37(15), 11495-11503.
    • (2012) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.37 , Issue.15 , pp. 11495-11503
    • Moreno, F.1    Muñoz, M.2    Arroyo, J.3    Magén, O.4    Monné, C.5    Suelves, I.6
  • 53
    • 65949093075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical investigation on the effects of natural gas and hydrogen blends on engine combustion
    • Morrone, B., and Unich, A. (2009). "Numerical investigation on the effects of natural gas and hydrogen blends on engine combustion." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 34(10), 4626-4634.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 4626-4634
    • Morrone, B.1    Unich, A.2
  • 54
    • 85072438578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen blended natural gas operation of a heavy duty turbocharged lean burn spark ignition engine
    • Munshi, S. R., et al. (2004). "Hydrogen blended natural gas operation of a heavy duty turbocharged lean burn spark ignition engine." SAE Technical Paper No. 2004-01-2956.
    • (2004) SAE Technical Paper No. 2004-01-2956
    • Munshi, S.R.1
  • 55
    • 0020667464 scopus 로고
    • Performance study using natural gas, hydrogen-supplemented natural gas and hydrogen in AVL research engine
    • Nagalingam, B., Duebel, F., and Schmillen, K. (1983). "Performance study using natural gas, hydrogen-supplemented natural gas and hydrogen in AVL research engine." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 8(9), 715-720.
    • (1983) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 715-720
    • Nagalingam, B.1    Duebel, F.2    Schmillen, K.3
  • 56
    • 84969750207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mar. 12, 2015
    • Natural Gas Vehicle Global News. (2015). 'http://www.ngvglobal.com/' (Mar. 12, 2015).
    • (2015)
  • 57
    • 84899520966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy balance of a spark ignition engine running on hydrogen, synthesis gas and natural gas
    • Orbaiz, P., and Brear, M. (2014). "Energy balance of a spark ignition engine running on hydrogen, synthesis gas and natural gas." SAE Technical Paper No. 2014-01-1337.
    • (2014) SAE Technical Paper No. 2014-01-1337
    • Orbaiz, P.1    Brear, M.2
  • 58
    • 84878800862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of a spark ignition engine running on hydrogen, synthesis gas and natural gas
    • Orbaiz, P., Brear, M. J., Abbasi, P., and Dennis, P. A. (2013). "A comparative study of a spark ignition engine running on hydrogen, synthesis gas and natural gas." SAE Technical Paper No. 2013-01-0229.
    • (2013) SAE Technical Paper No. 2013-01-0229
    • Orbaiz, P.1    Brear, M.J.2    Abbasi, P.3    Dennis, P.A.4
  • 59
    • 74849105517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen enrichment effects on the second law analysis of a lean burn natural gas engine
    • Ozcan, H. (2010). "Hydrogen enrichment effects on the second law analysis of a lean burn natural gas engine." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35(3), 1443-1452.
    • (2010) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 1443-1452
    • Ozcan, H.1
  • 60
    • 79953662077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of a methane-fueled gas engine generator with addition of hydrogen using cycle simulation and DOE method
    • Park, J., Cha, H., Song, S., and Chun, K. M. (2011). "A numerical study of a methane-fueled gas engine generator with addition of hydrogen using cycle simulation and DOE method." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36(8), 5153-5162.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 5153-5162
    • Park, J.1    Cha, H.2    Song, S.3    Chun, K.M.4
  • 61
    • 33745238138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen enrichment effects on the second law analysis of natural and landfill gas combustion in engine cylinders
    • Rakopoulos, C., and Kyritsis, D. (2006). "Hydrogen enrichment effects on the second law analysis of natural and landfill gas combustion in engine cylinders." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 31(10), 1384-1393.
    • (2006) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 1384-1393
    • Rakopoulos, C.1    Kyritsis, D.2
  • 62
    • 38149098599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability analysis of hydrogen/natural gas blends combustion in internal combustion engines
    • Rakopoulos, C., Scott, M., Kyritsis, D., and Giakoumis, E. (2008). "Availability analysis of hydrogen/natural gas blends combustion in internal combustion engines." Energy, 33(2), 248-255.
    • (2008) Energy , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 248-255
    • Rakopoulos, C.1    Scott, M.2    Kyritsis, D.3    Giakoumis, E.4
  • 63
    • 0035278785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain-rate effects on hydrogen-enhanced lean premixed combustion
    • Ren, J.-Y., Qin, W., Egolfopoulos, F., and Tsotsis, T. (2001). "Strain-rate effects on hydrogen-enhanced lean premixed combustion." Combus. Flame, 124(4), 717-720.
    • (2001) Combus. Flame , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 717-720
    • Ren, J.-Y.1    Qin, W.2    Egolfopoulos, F.3    Tsotsis, T.4
  • 64
    • 85072437236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lean burn versus stoichiometric operation with EGR and 3-way catalyst of an engine fueled with natural gas and hydrogen enriched natural gas
    • Saanum, I., Bysveen, M., Tunestål, P., and Johansson, B. (2007). "Lean burn versus stoichiometric operation with EGR and 3-way catalyst of an engine fueled with natural gas and hydrogen enriched natural gas." SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-01-0015.
    • (2007) SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-01-0015
    • Saanum, I.1    Bysveen, M.2    Tunestål, P.3    Johansson, B.4
  • 65
    • 64249097519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines - A critical review
    • Sahoo, B., Sahoo, N., and Saha, U. (2009). "Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines - A critical review." Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 13(6), 1151-1184.
    • (2009) Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 1151-1184
    • Sahoo, B.1    Sahoo, N.2    Saha, U.3
  • 67
    • 0038515757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen enrichment for improved lean flame stability
    • Schefer, R. (2003). "Hydrogen enrichment for improved lean flame stability." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 28(10), 1131-1141.
    • (2003) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 1131-1141
    • Schefer, R.1
  • 68
    • 85072430353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the effects of the addition of dissociated water products to a gas fueled spark ignition engine
    • Shrestha, S., and Karim, G. (1999). "An investigation of the effects of the addition of dissociated water products to a gas fueled spark ignition engine." SAE Technical Paper No. 1999-01-3516.
    • (1999) SAE Technical Paper No. 1999-01-3516
    • Shrestha, S.1    Karim, G.2
  • 69
    • 0033640340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion and emissions in a methane DI stratified charge engine with hydrogen pre-mixing
    • Shudo, T., Shimamura, K., and Nakajima, Y. (2000). "Combustion and emissions in a methane DI stratified charge engine with hydrogen pre-mixing." JSAE Rev., 21(1), 3-7.
    • (2000) JSAE Rev. , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-7
    • Shudo, T.1    Shimamura, K.2    Nakajima, Y.3
  • 70
    • 0033626764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable composition hydrogennatural gas mixtures for increased engine efficiency and decreased emissions
    • Sierens, R., and Rosseel, E. (2000). "Variable composition hydrogennatural gas mixtures for increased engine efficiency and decreased emissions." J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power, 122(1), 135-140.
    • (2000) J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power , vol.122 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-140
    • Sierens, R.1    Rosseel, E.2
  • 71
    • 84938118011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrogen on the performance and emission characteristics of a 6.0 L heavy duty natural gas engine
    • Singh, S., et al. (2014). "Effect of hydrogen on the performance and emission characteristics of a 6.0 L heavy duty natural gas engine." SAE Technical Paper No. 2014-01-2431.
    • (2014) SAE Technical Paper No. 2014-01-2431
    • Singh, S.1
  • 72
    • 85072507161 scopus 로고
    • Emission control with lean operation using hydrogen-supplemented fuel
    • Stebar, R., and Parks, F. (1974). "Emission control with lean operation using hydrogen-supplemented fuel." SAE Technical Paper No. 740187.
    • (1974) SAE Technical Paper No. 740187
    • Stebar, R.1    Parks, F.2
  • 73
    • 85072450214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ford P2000 hydrogen engine design and vehicle development program
    • Stockhausen, W. F., et al. (2002). "Ford P2000 hydrogen engine design and vehicle development program." SAE Technical Paper No. 2002-01-0240.
    • (2002) SAE Technical Paper No. 2002-01-0240
    • Stockhausen, W.F.1
  • 74
    • 85072507287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrogen in CNG on small engine performance and emissions
    • Subramanian, M. (2011). "Effect of hydrogen in CNG on small engine performance and emissions." SAE Technical Paper No. 2011-24-0202.
    • (2011) SAE Technical Paper No. 2011-24-0202
    • Subramanian, M.1
  • 77
    • 79251619885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of performance and emissions of an engine fuelled with natural gas/hydrogen blends
    • Tinaut, F., Melgar, A., Giménez, B. and Reyes, M. (2011). "Prediction of performance and emissions of an engine fuelled with natural gas/hydrogen blends." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 36(1), 947-956.
    • (2011) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 947-956
    • Tinaut, F.1    Melgar, A.2    Gimã©nez, B.3    Reyes, M.4
  • 82
    • 85072500845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of natural gas-hydrogen blends on internal combustion engines performance and emissions
    • Unich, A., Morrone, B., Mariani, A., and Prati, M. (2009). "The impact of natural gas-hydrogen blends on internal combustion engines performance and emissions." SAE Technical Paper No. 2009-24-0102.
    • (2009) SAE Technical Paper No. 2009-24-0102
    • Unich, A.1    Morrone, B.2    Mariani, A.3    Prati, M.4
  • 83
    • 36348981055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mar. 12, 2015
    • Union Gas. (2015). "Chemical Composition of Natural Gas." 'https://www.uniongas.com/about-us/about-natural-gas/chemical-composition-of-natural-gas' (Mar. 12, 2015).
    • (2015) Chemical Composition of Natural Gas
  • 84
    • 84870654713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2017 and later model year light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions and corporate average fuel economy standards; final rule
    • U.S. EPA. (2012). "2017 and later model year light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions and corporate average fuel economy standards; final rule." Federal Register 77, 62623-63200.
    • (2012) Federal Register , vol.77 , pp. 62623-63200
    • U.S. EPA1
  • 85
    • 84879501541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2017 and later model year light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions and corporate average fuel economy standards; final rule
    • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (2012). "2017 and later model year light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions and corporate average fuel economy standards; final rule." Fed. Regist., 77, 62623-63200.
    • (2012) Fed. Regist. , vol.77 , pp. 62623-63200
    • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)1
  • 86
    • 85072444362 scopus 로고
    • Combustion characteristics of small spark ignition engines using hydrogen supplemented fuel mixtures
    • Varde, K. (1981). "Combustion characteristics of small spark ignition engines using hydrogen supplemented fuel mixtures." SAE Technical Paper No. 810921.
    • (1981) SAE Technical Paper No. 810921
    • Varde, K.1
  • 87
    • 71449127142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines
    • Verhelst, S., and Wallner, T. (2009). "Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines." Progr. Energy Combus. Sci., 35(6), 490-527.
    • (2009) Progr. Energy Combus. Sci. , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 490-527
    • Verhelst, S.1    Wallner, T.2
  • 88
    • 85072443467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of blending hydrogen with methane on engine operation, efficiency, and emissions
    • Wallner, T., Ng, H. K., and Peters, R. W. (2007). "The effects of blending hydrogen with methane on engine operation, efficiency, and emissions." SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-01-0474.
    • (2007) SAE Technical Paper No. 2007-01-0474
    • Wallner, T.1    Ng, H.K.2    Peters, R.W.3
  • 89
    • 51349120947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of cycle-by-cycle variations of a spark ignition engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends
    • Wang, J., Chen, H., Liu, B., and Huang, Z. (2008). "Study of cycle-by-cycle variations of a spark ignition engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 33(18), 4876-4883.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.33 , Issue.18 , pp. 4876-4883
    • Wang, J.1    Chen, H.2    Liu, B.3    Huang, Z.4
  • 91
    • 33744940525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: A technical review
    • White, C., Steeper, R., and Lutz, A. (2006). "The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: A technical review." Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 31(10), 1292-1305.
    • (2006) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 1292-1305
    • White, C.1    Steeper, R.2    Lutz, A.3
  • 92
    • 84899518039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piston design optimization for a two-cylinder lean-burn natural gas engine-3D-CFD-simulation and test bed measurements
    • Wohlgemuth, S., Roesler, S., and Wachtmeister, G. (2014). "Piston design optimization for a two-cylinder lean-burn natural gas engine-3D-CFD-simulation and test bed measurements." SAE Technical Paper No. 2014-01-1326.
    • (2014) SAE Technical Paper No. 2014-01-1326
    • Wohlgemuth, S.1    Roesler, S.2    Wachtmeister, G.3
  • 93
    • 0022681044 scopus 로고
    • Laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon air mixtures with hydrogen addition
    • Yu, G., Law, C., and Wu, C. (1986). "Laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon air mixtures with hydrogen addition." Combus. Flame, 63(3), 339-347.
    • (1986) Combus. Flame , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-347
    • Yu, G.1    Law, C.2    Wu, C.3
  • 94
    • 29244466131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection natural gas engine under various fuel injection timings
    • Zeng, K. (2006). "Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection natural gas engine under various fuel injection timings." Appl. Therm. Eng., 26(8), 806-813.
    • (2006) Appl. Therm. Eng. , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 806-813
    • Zeng, K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.