메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 3, 2016, Pages 315-334

ACG clinical guideline: Nutrition therapy in the adult hospitalized patient

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; APACHE; ARTICLE; BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; BODY MASS; DIET THERAPY; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELECTIVE SURGERY; ENDOSCOPIST; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENTERIC FEEDING; GASTROENTEROLOGIST; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; JEJUNOSTOMY; NOSE FEEDING; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SCORE; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY; POPULATION RISK; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TERMINAL CARE; DIGESTIVE TRACT INTUBATION; ELEMENTAL DIET; GASTROSTOMY; HOSPITALIZATION; PROCEDURES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84960194539     PISSN: 00029270     EISSN: 15720241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.28     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (192)

References (161)
  • 1
    • 77951609677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of parenteral nutrition
    • Dudrick SJ. History of parenteral nutrition. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28: 243-51.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.28 , pp. 243-251
    • Dudrick, S.J.1
  • 2
    • 84939315336 scopus 로고
    • The skeleton in the hospital closet
    • Butterworth CE. The skeleton in the hospital closet. Nutr Today 1974; 9: 4.
    • (1974) Nutr Today , vol.9 , pp. 4
    • Butterworth, C.E.1
  • 3
    • 72049099312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief history of enteral and parenteral nutrition in the hospital in the USA
    • Elia M, Bistrian B (eds) Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG: Basel, Switzerland
    • Bistrian BR. Brief history of enteral and parenteral nutrition in the hospital in the USA. In Elia M, Bistrian B (eds). The Economic, Medical/Scientific and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Nutrition Practice: What Impacts What? Vol 12: pp 127-36. Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG: Basel, Switzerland, 2009.
    • (2009) The Economic, Medical/Scientific and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Nutrition Practice: What Impacts What? , vol.12 , pp. 127-136
    • Bistrian, B.R.1
  • 4
    • 0034823265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral compared with parenteral nutrition: A meta-analysis
    • Braunschweig CL, Levy P, Sheean PM, et al. Enteral compared with parenteral nutrition: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 534-42.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.74 , pp. 534-542
    • Braunschweig, C.L.1    Levy, P.2    Sheean, P.M.3
  • 5
    • 0032539180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: A meta-analysis
    • Heyland DK, MacDonald S, Keefe L, et al. Total parenteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a meta-analysis. JAMA 1998; 280: 2013-9.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 2013-2019
    • Heyland, D.K.1    MacDonald, S.2    Keefe, L.3
  • 6
    • 0025912986 scopus 로고
    • Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients
    • The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group
    • Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 525-32.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 525-532
  • 7
    • 0026733309 scopus 로고
    • Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. the results of a meta-analysis
    • Moore FA, Feliciano DV, Andrassy RJ, et al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 172-83.
    • (1992) Ann Surg , vol.216 , pp. 172-183
    • Moore, F.A.1    Feliciano, D.V.2    Andrassy, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 0035818305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
    • Lewis SJ, Egger M, Sylvester PA, et al. Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. BMJ 2001; 323: 773-6.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 773-776
    • Lewis, S.J.1    Egger, M.2    Sylvester, P.A.3
  • 9
    • 84924989846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calorie Intake of enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes in acutely critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Choi EY, Park DA, Park J. Calorie Intake of enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes in acutely critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 39: 291-300.
    • (2014) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.39 , pp. 291-300
    • Choi, E.Y.1    Park, D.A.2    Park, J.3
  • 10
    • 84857427752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: The EDEN randomized trial
    • Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 307: 795-803
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 795-803
    • Rice, T.W.1    Wheeler, A.P.2    Thompson, B.T.3
  • 11
    • 84908149075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypocaloric compared with eucaloric nutritional support and its effect on infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial
    • Charles EJ, Petroze RT, Metzger R, et al. Hypocaloric compared with eucaloric nutritional support and its effect on infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100: 1337-44.
    • (2014) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.100 , pp. 1337-1344
    • Charles, E.J.1    Petroze, R.T.2    Metzger, R.3
  • 12
    • 84908406451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trial of the route of early nutritional support in critically ill adults
    • Harvey SE, Parrott F, Harrison DA, et al. Trial of the route of early nutritional support in critically ill adults. NEJM 2014; 371: 1673-84.
    • (2014) NEJM , vol.371 , pp. 1673-1684
    • Harvey, S.E.1    Parrott, F.2    Harrison, D.A.3
  • 13
    • 0042279261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee: Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients
    • Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, et al. Canadian Critical Care Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee: Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003; 27: 355-73.
    • (2003) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.27 , pp. 355-373
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Drover, J.W.3
  • 14
    • 84895484035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presence and effect of bias in trials of early enteral nutrition in critical care
    • Koretz RL, Lipman TO. The presence and effect of bias in trials of early enteral nutrition in critical care. Clin Nutr 2014; 33: 240-5.
    • (2014) Clin Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 240-245
    • Koretz, R.L.1    Lipman, T.O.2
  • 15
    • 70949099097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition, provided within 24 h of injury or intensive care unit admission, significantly reduces mortality in critically ill patients: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Doig GS, Heighes PT, Simpson F, et al. Early enteral nutrition, provided within 24 h of injury or intensive care unit admission, significantly reduces mortality in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 2018-27.
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 2018-2027
    • Doig, G.S.1    Heighes, P.T.2    Simpson, F.3
  • 16
    • 67349266219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of intestinal surgery versus later commencement of feeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Lewis SJ, Andersen HK, Thomas S. Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of intestinal surgery versus later commencement of feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 569-75.
    • (2009) J Gastrointest Surg , vol.13 , pp. 569-575
    • Lewis, S.J.1    Andersen, H.K.2    Thomas, S.3
  • 17
    • 33745483269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis: A systematic review of the literature
    • McClave SA, Chang WK, Dhaliwal R, et al. Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006; 30: 143-56.
    • (2006) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 143-156
    • McClave, S.A.1    Chang, W.K.2    Dhaliwal, R.3
  • 18
    • 22944476109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative impact of hypocaloric feeding and energy balance on clinical outcome in ICU patients
    • Villet S, Chiolero RL, Bollmann MD, et al. Negative impact of hypocaloric feeding and energy balance on clinical outcome in ICU patients. Clin Nutr 2005; 24: 502-9.
    • (2005) Clin Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 502-509
    • Villet, S.1    Chiolero, R.L.2    Bollmann, M.D.3
  • 19
    • 33144485937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computerized energy balance and complications in critically ill patients: An observational study
    • Dvir D, Cohen J, Singer P. Computerized energy balance and complications in critically ill patients: an observational study. Clin Nutr 2006; 25: 37-44.
    • (2006) Clin Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 37-44
    • Dvir, D.1    Cohen, J.2    Singer, P.3
  • 20
    • 72449168374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: Results of an international multicenter observational study
    • Alberda C, Gramlich L, Jones N, et al. The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1728-37.
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1728-1737
    • Alberda, C.1    Gramlich, L.2    Jones, N.3
  • 21
    • 1642455902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT)
    • Southwestern Ontario Critical Care Research Network
    • Martin CM, Doig GS, Heyland DK, et al. Southwestern Ontario Critical Care Research Network. Multicentre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT). CMAJ 2004; 170: 197-204.
    • (2004) CMAJ , vol.170 , pp. 197-204
    • Martin, C.M.1    Doig, G.S.2    Heyland, D.K.3
  • 22
    • 0032732732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury
    • Taylor SJ, Fettes SB, Jewkes C, et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury. Crit Care Med 1999; 27: 2525-31.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 2525-2531
    • Taylor, S.J.1    Fettes, S.B.2    Jewkes, C.3
  • 23
    • 67149128358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiologic response and associated clinical benefits from provision of early enteral nutrition
    • McClave SA, Heyland DK. The physiologic response and associated clinical benefits from provision of early enteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 2009; 24: 305-15.
    • (2009) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.24 , pp. 305-315
    • McClave, S.A.1    Heyland, D.K.2
  • 25
    • 79951955198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
    • Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidem 2011; 64: 401-6.
    • (2011) J Clin Epidem , Issue.64 , pp. 401-406
    • Balshem, H.1    Helfand, M.2    Schunemann, H.J.3
  • 26
    • 3042651139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE Working Group Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
    • Oxman AD, GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004; 328: 1490-7.
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 1490-1497
    • Oxman, A.D.1
  • 27
    • 10544247280 scopus 로고
    • Percentage of weight loss, a basic indicator of surgical risk in patients
    • Studley HO. Percentage of weight loss, a basic indicator of surgical risk in patients. JAMA 1936; 106: 458-60.
    • (1936) JAMA , vol.106 , pp. 458-460
    • Studley, H.O.1
  • 28
    • 84887252232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing malnutrition in adults: Definitions and characteristics, screening, assessment, and team approach
    • Jensen GL, Compher C, Sullivan DH, et al. Recognizing malnutrition in adults: definitions and characteristics, screening, assessment, and team approach. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 37: 802-7.
    • (2013) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.37 , pp. 802-807
    • Jensen, G.L.1    Compher, C.2    Sullivan, D.H.3
  • 29
    • 81055149825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying critically ill patients who benefit the most from nutrition therapy: The development and initial validation of a novel risk assessment tool
    • Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Jiang X, et al. Identifying critically ill patients who benefit the most from nutrition therapy: the development and initial validation of a novel risk assessment tool. Crit Care 2011; 15: R268.
    • (2011) Crit Care , vol.15 , pp. R268
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Jiang, X.3
  • 30
    • 0036901484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of nutritional risk and causes of inadequate nutritional care in hospitals
    • Kondrup J, Johansen N, Plum LM, et al. Incidence of nutritional risk and causes of inadequate nutritional care in hospitals. Clin Nutr 2002; 21: 461-8.
    • (2002) Clin Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 461-468
    • Kondrup, J.1    Johansen, N.2    Plum, L.M.3
  • 31
    • 4944259806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature
    • Gramlich L, Kichian K, Pinilla J, et al. Does enteral nutrition compared to parenteral nutrition result in better outcomes in critically ill adult patients? A systematic review of the literature. Nutrition 2004; 20: 843-8.
    • (2004) Nutrition , vol.20 , pp. 843-848
    • Gramlich, L.1    Kichian, K.2    Pinilla, J.3
  • 32
    • 12244290312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metaanalysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients
    • Peter JV, Moran JL, Phillips-Hughes J. A metaanalysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 213-20.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 213-220
    • Peter, J.V.1    Moran, J.L.2    Phillips-Hughes, J.3
  • 33
    • 79960642999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of enteral and parenteral feeding access techniques: Principles and practice
    • Phillips MS, Ponsky JL. Overview of enteral and parenteral feeding access techniques: principles and practice. Surg Clin North Am 2011; 91: 897-911
    • (2011) Surg Clin North Am , vol.91 , pp. 897-911
    • Phillips, M.S.1    Ponsky, J.L.2
  • 34
    • 77955300682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition and outcomes of critically ill patients treated with vasopressors and mechanical ventilation
    • Khalid I, Doshi P, DiGiovine B. Early enteral nutrition and outcomes of critically ill patients treated with vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. Am J Crit Care 2010; 19: 261-8.
    • (2010) Am J Crit Care , vol.19 , pp. 261-268
    • Khalid, I.1    Doshi, P.2    DiGiovine, B.3
  • 35
    • 58149330639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition screening tools for hospitalized patients
    • Anthony PS. Nutrition screening tools for hospitalized patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2008; 23: 373-82.
    • (2008) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.23 , pp. 373-382
    • Anthony, P.S.1
  • 36
    • 84894049061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional-risk scoring systems in the intensive care unit
    • Kondrup J. Nutritional-risk scoring systems in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17: 177-82.
    • (2014) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.17 , pp. 177-182
    • Kondrup, J.1
  • 37
    • 84922950022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying critically ill patients who will benefit most from nutritional therapy: Further validation of the "modified NUTRIC" nutritional risk assessment tool
    • Rahman A, Asan RM, Agarwala R, et al. Identifying critically ill patients who will benefit most from nutritional therapy: further validation of the "modified NUTRIC" nutritional risk assessment tool. Clin Nutr 2016; 35: 158-62.
    • (2016) Clin Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 158-162
    • Rahman, A.1    Asan, R.M.2    Agarwala, R.3
  • 38
    • 84860254375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement of the academy of nutrition and dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition)
    • White JV, Guenter P, Jensen G, et al. Consensus statement of the academy of nutrition and dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition). J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112: 730-8.
    • (2012) J Acad Nutr Diet , vol.112 , pp. 730-738
    • White, J.V.1    Guenter, P.2    Jensen, G.3
  • 39
    • 84865404313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of preoperative nutritional support on clinical outcome in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk
    • Jie B, Jiang ZM, Nolan MT, et al. Impact of preoperative nutritional support on clinical outcome in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk. Nutrition 2012; 28: 1022-7.
    • (2012) Nutrition , vol.28 , pp. 1022-1027
    • Jie, B.1    Jiang, Z.M.2    Nolan, M.T.3
  • 40
    • 79953031032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term individual nutritional care as part of routine clinical setting improves outcome and quality of life in malnourished medical patients
    • Starke J, Schneider H, Alteheld B, et al. Short-term individual nutritional care as part of routine clinical setting improves outcome and quality of life in malnourished medical patients. Clin Nutr 2011; 30: 194-201.
    • (2011) Clin Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 194-201
    • Starke, J.1    Schneider, H.2    Alteheld, B.3
  • 41
    • 84857867302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of prealbumin and C-reactive protein for monitoring nutrition support in adult patients receiving enteral nutrition in an urban medical center
    • Davis CJ, Sowa D, Keim KS, et al. The use of prealbumin and C-reactive protein for monitoring nutrition support in adult patients receiving enteral nutrition in an urban medical center. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012; 36: 197-204.
    • (2012) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.36 , pp. 197-204
    • Davis, C.J.1    Sowa, D.2    Keim, K.S.3
  • 42
    • 12644271194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk adjustment of the postoperative morbidity rate for the comparative assessment of the quality of surgical care: Results of National Veterans Affairs Surgical Risk Study
    • Daley J, Khuri SF, Henderson W, et al. Risk adjustment of the postoperative morbidity rate for the comparative assessment of the quality of surgical care: results of National Veterans Affairs Surgical Risk Study. J Am Coll Surg 1997; 185: 328-40.
    • (1997) J Am Coll Surg , vol.185 , pp. 328-340
    • Daley, J.1    Khuri, S.F.2    Henderson, W.3
  • 43
    • 0023906272 scopus 로고
    • Acute phase response: Implications for nutrition and recovery
    • Fleck A, Path FR. Acute phase response: implications for nutrition and recovery. Nutrition 1988; 4: 109-17.
    • (1988) Nutrition , vol.4 , pp. 109-117
    • Fleck, A.1    Path, F.R.2
  • 44
    • 0024581893 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of data on albumin and prealbumin concentrations in determining effectiveness of nutritional support
    • Bernstein LH, Leukhardt-Fairfield CJ, PlebanW, et al. Usefulness of data on albumin and prealbumin concentrations in determining effectiveness of nutritional support. Clin Chem 1989; 35: 271-4.
    • (1989) Clin Chem , vol.35 , pp. 271-274
    • Bernstein, L.H.1    Leukhardt-Fairfield, C.J.2    Pleban, W.3
  • 45
    • 84865226189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical evaluation of body composition modalities used to assess adipose and skeletal muscle tissue in cancer
    • Di Sebastiano KM, Mourtzakis M. A critical evaluation of body composition modalities used to assess adipose and skeletal muscle tissue in cancer. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37: 811-21.
    • (2012) Appl Physiol Nutr Metab , vol.37 , pp. 811-821
    • Di Sebastiano, K.M.1    Mourtzakis, M.2
  • 46
    • 84893899193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between nutrition and immune function: Using inflammation biomarkers to interpret micronutrient status
    • Thurnham DI. Interactions between nutrition and immune function: using inflammation biomarkers to interpret micronutrient status. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73: 1-8.
    • (2014) Proc Nutr Soc , vol.73 , pp. 1-8
    • Thurnham, D.I.1
  • 47
    • 33745814435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring health by values of acute phase proteins
    • Gruys E, Toussaint MJ, Niewold TA, et al. Monitoring health by values of acute phase proteins. Acta Histochem 2006; 108: 229-32.
    • (2006) Acta Histochem , vol.108 , pp. 229-232
    • Gruys, E.1    Toussaint, M.J.2    Niewold, T.A.3
  • 48
    • 33747368257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of serum C-reactive protein, procacitonin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-10 levels as diagnostic and prognostic parameters in patients with communityacquired sepsis, sepsis syndrome and septic shock
    • Heper Y, Akalin EH, Mistik R, et al. Evaluation of serum C-reactive protein, procacitonin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-10 levels as diagnostic and prognostic parameters in patients with communityacquired sepsis, sepsis syndrome and septic shock. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25: 481-91.
    • (2006) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 481-491
    • Heper, Y.1    Akalin, E.H.2    Mistik, R.3
  • 49
    • 84885187048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes related to muscle mass in humans with cancer and catabolic illnesses
    • Baracos V, Kazemi-Bajestani SM. Clinical outcomes related to muscle mass in humans with cancer and catabolic illnesses. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45: 2302-8.
    • (2013) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.45 , pp. 2302-2308
    • Baracos, V.1    Kazemi-Bajestani, S.M.2
  • 50
    • 84885615124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness
    • Puthucheary ZA, Rawal J, McPhail M, et al. Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness. JAMA 2013; 310: 1591-600.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.310 , pp. 1591-1600
    • Puthucheary, Z.A.1    Rawal, J.2    McPhail, M.3
  • 52
    • 84893128077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best practices for determining resting energy expenditure in the critically ill adults
    • Schlein KM, Coulter SP. Best practices for determining resting energy expenditure in the critically ill adults. Nutr Clin Practice 2014; 29: 44-55.
    • (2014) Nutr Clin Practice , vol.29 , pp. 44-55
    • Schlein, K.M.1    Coulter, S.P.2
  • 53
    • 34548151214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding critically ill patients: What is the optimal amount of energy?
    • Stapleton RD, Jones N, Heyland DK. Feeding critically ill patients: what is the optimal amount of energy? Crit Care Med 2007; 35: S535-40.
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. S535-S540
    • Stapleton, R.D.1    Jones, N.2    Heyland, D.K.3
  • 54
    • 66849140923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive equations for energy needs for the critically ill
    • Walker RN, Heuberger RA. Predictive equations for energy needs for the critically ill. Repiratory Care 2009; 54: 509-21.
    • (2009) Repiratory Care , vol.54 , pp. 509-521
    • Walker, R.N.1    Heuberger, R.A.2
  • 55
    • 34548118410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of resting metabolic rate in critically ill adult patients: Results of a systematic review of the evidence
    • Frankenfield D, Hise M, Malone A, et al. Prediction of resting metabolic rate in critically ill adult patients: results of a systematic review of the evidence. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107: 1552-61.
    • (2007) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.107 , pp. 1552-1561
    • Frankenfield, D.1    Hise, M.2    Malone, A.3
  • 56
    • 0022396475 scopus 로고
    • Human energy requirements: Overestimation by widely used predictive equation
    • Daly J, Heymsfield SB, Head CA, et al. Human energy requirements: overestimation by widely used predictive equation. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 1170-4.
    • (1985) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.42 , pp. 1170-1174
    • Daly, J.1    Heymsfield, S.B.2    Head, C.A.3
  • 57
    • 84870247819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting energy expenditure in malnourished older patients at hospital admission and three months after discharge: Predictive equations versus measurements
    • Neelemaat F, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Thijs A, et al. Resting energy expenditure in malnourished older patients at hospital admission and three months after discharge: predictive equations versus measurements . Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 958-66.
    • (2012) Clin Nutr , vol.31 , pp. 958-966
    • Neelemaat, F.1    Van Bokhorst-De Van Der Schueren, M.A.2    Thijs, A.3
  • 59
    • 84865563253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting energy expenditure of morbidly obese patients using indirect calorimetry: A systematic review
    • Kee AL, Isenring E, Hickman I, et al. Resting energy expenditure of morbidly obese patients using indirect calorimetry: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2012; 13: 753-65.
    • (2012) Obes Rev , vol.13 , pp. 753-765
    • Kee, A.L.1    Isenring, E.2    Hickman, I.3
  • 60
    • 60149088957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of estimation methods for resting metabolic rate in critically ill adults
    • Frankenfield DC, Coleman A, Alam S, et al. Analysis of estimation methods for resting metabolic rate in critically ill adults. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009; 33: 27-36.
    • (2009) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 27-36
    • Frankenfield, D.C.1    Coleman, A.2    Alam, S.3
  • 61
    • 0012289519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved equations for predicting energy expenditure in patients: The Ireton-Jones equations
    • Ireton-Jones C, Jones JD. Improved equations for predicting energy expenditure in patients: the Ireton-Jones equations. Nutr Clin Pract 2002; 17: 29-31.
    • (2002) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.17 , pp. 29-31
    • Ireton-Jones, C.1    Jones, J.D.2
  • 62
    • 0025062451 scopus 로고
    • A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals
    • Mifflin MD St, Jeor ST, Hill LA, et al. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51: 241-7.
    • (1990) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 241-247
    • Mifflin, M.D.1    Jeor, S.T.2    Hill, L.A.3
  • 63
    • 33847130425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate determination of energy needs in hospitalized patients
    • Boullata J, Williams J, Cottrell F, et al. Accurate determination of energy needs in hospitalized patients. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107: 393-401.
    • (2007) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.107 , pp. 393-401
    • Boullata, J.1    Williams, J.2    Cottrell, F.3
  • 64
    • 0023468954 scopus 로고
    • Caloric requirements in total parenteral nutrition
    • Foster GD, Knox LS, Dempsey DT, et al. Caloric requirements in total parenteral nutrition. J Am Coll Nutr 1987; 6: 231-53.
    • (1987) J Am Coll Nutr , vol.6 , pp. 231-253
    • Foster, G.D.1    Knox, L.S.2    Dempsey, D.T.3
  • 66
    • 84858749423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral nutritional support in malnourished elderly decreases functional limitations with no extra costs
    • Neelemaat F, Bosmans JE, Thijs A, et al. Oral nutritional support in malnourished elderly decreases functional limitations with no extra costs. Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 183-90.
    • (2012) Clin Nutr , vol.31 , pp. 183-190
    • Neelemaat, F.1    Bosmans, J.E.2    Thijs, A.3
  • 67
    • 84857119848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provision of protein and energy in relation to measured requirements in intensive care patients
    • Allingstrup MJ, Esmailzadeh N, Wilkens Knudsen A, et al. Provision of protein and energy in relation to measured requirements in intensive care patients. Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 462-8.
    • (2012) Clin Nutr , vol.31 , pp. 462-468
    • Allingstrup, M.J.1    Esmailzadeh, N.2    Wilkens Knudsen, A.3
  • 68
    • 84866616756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein recommendations in the ICU: G protein/kg body weight -which body weight for underweight and obese patients?
    • Weijs PJ, Sauerwein HP, Kondrup J. Protein recommendations in the ICU: G protein/kg body weight -which body weight for underweight and obese patients? Clin Nutr 2012; 31: 774-5.
    • (2012) Clin Nutr , vol.31 , pp. 774-775
    • Weijs, P.J.1    Sauerwein, H.P.2    Kondrup, J.3
  • 69
    • 84865956034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of nitrogen requirements for patients with critical illness and trauma
    • Dickerson RN, Pitts SL, Maish GO 3rd, et al. A reappraisal of nitrogen requirements for patients with critical illness and trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73: 549-57.
    • (2012) J Trauma Acute Care Surg , vol.73 , pp. 549-557
    • Dickerson, R.N.1    Pitts, S.L.2    Maish, G.O.3
  • 70
    • 84901843612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery
    • Magne H, Savary-Auzeloux I, Temond D, et al. Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery. Nutrit Res Rev 2013; 26: 149-65.
    • (2013) Nutrit Res Rev , vol.26 , pp. 149-165
    • Magne, H.1    Savary-Auzeloux, I.2    Temond, D.3
  • 71
    • 84655163828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of early enteral feeding through nasogastric and nasojejunal tube in severe acute pancreatitis: A noninferiority randomized controlled trial
    • Singh N, Sharma B, Sharma M, et al. Evaluation of early enteral feeding through nasogastric and nasojejunal tube in severe acute pancreatitis: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial. Pancreas 2012; 41: 153-9.
    • (2012) Pancreas , vol.41 , pp. 153-159
    • Singh, N.1    Sharma, B.2    Sharma, M.3
  • 72
    • 84862277332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the intensive care unit: Pathophysiology and contemporary management
    • Stupak DP, Adelsayed GG, Soloway GN. Motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the intensive care unit: pathophysiology and contemporary management. J Clin Gastroent 2012; 46: 449-56.
    • (2012) J Clin Gastroent , vol.46 , pp. 449-456
    • Stupak, D.P.1    Adelsayed, G.G.2    Soloway, G.N.3
  • 73
    • 61949282880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motility disorders in the ICU: Recent therapeutic options and clinical practice
    • Rohm KD, Boldt J, Piper SN. Motility disorders in the ICU: recent therapeutic options and clinical practice. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12: 161-777.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.12 , pp. 161-777
    • Rohm, K.D.1    Boldt, J.2    Piper, S.N.3
  • 74
    • 60349104314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms in intensive care patients
    • Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in intensive care patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53: 318-24.
    • (2009) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.53 , pp. 318-324
    • Reintam, A.1    Parm, P.2    Kitus, R.3
  • 75
    • 84886697760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired gastrointestinal transit and its associated morbidity in the intensive care unit
    • Nguyen T, Frenette AJ, Johanson C, et al. Impaired gastrointestinal transit and its associated morbidity in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care 2013; 28: 537.
    • (2013) J Crit Care , vol.28 , pp. 537
    • Nguyen, T.1    Frenette, A.J.2    Johanson, C.3
  • 76
    • 84864118217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of illness influences the efficacy of enteral feeding route on clinical outcomes in patients with critical illness
    • Hsiu-Hua H, Sue-Joan C, Chien-Wei H, et al. Severity of illness influences the efficacy of enteral feeding route on clinical outcomes in patients with critical illness. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112: 1138-46.
    • (2012) J Acad Nutr Diet , vol.112 , pp. 1138-1146
    • Hsiu-Hua, H.1    Sue-Joan, C.2    Chien-Wei, H.3
  • 77
    • 84864205729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing early nasojejunal with nasogastric nutrition in critical illness
    • Davies AR, Morrison SS, Bailey MJ, et al. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing early nasojejunal with nasogastric nutrition in critical illness. Crit Care Med 2012; 40: 2342-8.
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 2342-2348
    • Davies, A.R.1    Morrison, S.S.2    Bailey, M.J.3
  • 78
    • 61549095522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. Enteral nutrition practice recommendations
    • Bankhead R, Boullata J, Brantley S, et al. A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors. Enteral nutrition practice recommendations. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009; 33: 122-67.
    • (2009) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 122-167
    • Bankhead, R.1    Boullata, J.2    Brantley, S.3
  • 79
    • 84873113246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of bedside electromagnetically guided nasointestinal tube for jejunal feeding of critically ill surgical patients
    • Kaffarnik MMF, Lock JF, Wassilew G, et al. The use of bedside electromagnetically guided nasointestinal tube for jejunal feeding of critically ill surgical patients. Technol Health Care 2013; 21: 1-8.
    • (2013) Technol Health Care , vol.21 , pp. 1-8
    • Mmf, K.1    Lock, J.F.2    Wassilew, G.3
  • 80
    • 84891659626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of an electromagnetic tube placement device vs a self-advancing nasal jejunal device for postpyloric feeding tube placement
    • Boyer N, McCarthy MS, Mount CA. Analysis of an electromagnetic tube placement device vs a self-advancing nasal jejunal device for postpyloric feeding tube placement. J Hosp Med 2014; 9: 23-8.
    • (2014) J Hosp Med , vol.9 , pp. 23-28
    • Boyer, N.1    McCarthy, M.S.2    Mount, C.A.3
  • 81
    • 84962636901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Utah
    • Fang J. The University of Utah www.biodesign.utah.edu/Documents/VeritractTCOConnect. docx.
    • Fang, J.1
  • 82
    • 17444442357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American summit on aspiration in the critically ill patient: Consensus statement
    • McClave SA, DeMeo MT, DeLegge MH, et al. North American summit on aspiration in the critically ill patient: consensus statement. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002; 26 (6 Suppl): S80-5.
    • (2002) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. S80-S85
    • McClave, S.A.1    DeMeo, M.T.2    DeLegge, M.H.3
  • 83
    • 84893026597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian critical care nutrition guidelines in 2013 an update on current recommendations and implementation strategies
    • Dhaliwal R, Cahill N, Lemieux M, et al. The Canadian critical care nutrition guidelines in 2013: an update on current recommendations and implementation strategies. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29: 29-43.
    • Nutr Clin Pract , vol.2014 , Issue.29 , pp. 29-43
    • Dhaliwal, R.1    Cahill, N.2    Lemieux, M.3
  • 84
    • 0031682594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial sinusitis in patients in the medical intensive care unit: A prospective epidemiological study
    • George DL, Falk PS, Umberto Meduri G, et al. Nosocomial sinusitis in patients in the medical intensive care unit: a prospective epidemiological study. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 463-70.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis , vol.27 , pp. 463-470
    • George, D.L.1    Falk, P.S.2    Umberto Meduri, G.3
  • 85
    • 0242541207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of enteral access
    • McClave SA, Chang WK. Complications of enteral access. Gastro Endosc 2003; 58: 739-51.
    • (2003) Gastro Endosc , vol.58 , pp. 739-751
    • McClave, S.A.1    Chang, W.K.2
  • 86
    • 84871867845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for dysphagia and nutritional support in acute and subacute stroke
    • Geeganage C, Beavan J, Ellender S, et al. Interventions for dysphagia and nutritional support in acute and subacute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 10: CD000323.
    • (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.10 , pp. CD000323
    • Geeganage, C.1    Beavan, J.2    Ellender, S.3
  • 87
    • 0034066040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of nutritional supplementation on survival in seriously ill hospitalized adults: An evaluation of the SUPPORT data
    • Borum ML, Lynn J, Zhong Z, et al. The effect of nutritional supplementation on survival in seriously ill hospitalized adults: an evaluation of the SUPPORT data. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48 (5 Suppl): 533-8.
    • (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 533-538
    • Borum, M.L.1    Lynn, J.2    Zhong, Z.3
  • 88
    • 70350149848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter update: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Miller RG, Jackson CE, Kasarskis EJ, et al. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2009; 73: 1218-26.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 1218-1226
    • Miller, R.G.1    Jackson, C.E.2    Kasarskis, E.J.3
  • 89
    • 84962665975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques in enteral access
    • Ginsberg G, Kocheman ML, Norton I, Gostout CJ (eds) 2nd edn Elsevier Saunders, Co. Philadelphia, PA
    • McClave SA, Chang WK. Techniques in enteral access. In: Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Ginsberg G, Kocheman ML, Norton I, Gostout CJ (eds) 2nd edn Elsevier: Saunders, Co. Philadelphia, PA, 2012, pp 279-96.
    • (2012) Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy , pp. 279-296
    • McClave, S.A.1    Chang, W.K.2
  • 90
    • 84907512615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasal Bridles for securing nasoenteric tubes: A meta-analysis
    • Bechtold ML, Nguyen DL, Palmer LB, et al. Nasal Bridles for securing nasoenteric tubes: a meta-analysis. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29: 667-71.
    • (2014) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.29 , pp. 667-671
    • Bechtold, M.L.1    Nguyen, D.L.2    Palmer, L.B.3
  • 91
    • 0035674699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: A systematic review
    • Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 2264-70.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2264-2270
    • Marik, P.E.1    Zaloga, G.P.2
  • 92
    • 84862868049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults increased infections. ICU length of stay and cost
    • Heyland DK. Early supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults increased infections, ICU length of stay and cost. Evid Based Med 2012; 17: 86-7.
    • (2012) Evid Based Med , vol.17 , pp. 86-87
    • Heyland, D.K.1
  • 93
    • 76749125874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic support of the obese intensive care unit patients: A current perspective
    • Port AM, Apovian C. Metabolic support of the obese intensive care unit patients: a current perspective. Current Opinion Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13: 184-91.
    • (2010) Current Opinion Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.13 , pp. 184-191
    • Port, A.M.1    Apovian, C.2
  • 95
    • 82255186399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of hypocaloric parenteral nutrition for surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Jiang H, Sun MW, Hefright B, et al. Efficacy of hypocaloric parenteral nutrition for surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2011; 30: 730-7.
    • (2011) Clin Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 730-737
    • Jiang, H.1    Sun, M.W.2    Hefright, B.3
  • 96
    • 84885667871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early enteral combined with parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy
    • Zhu XH, Wu YF, Qiu YD, et al. Effect of early enteral combined with parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19: 5889-96.
    • (2013) World J Gastroenterol , vol.19 , pp. 5889-5896
    • Zhu, X.H.1    Wu, Y.F.2    Qiu, Y.D.3
  • 97
    • 0035122829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus recommendations from the US summit on immune-enhancing enteral therapy
    • Kudsk KA, Moore FA. Consensus recommendations from the US summit on immune-enhancing enteral therapy. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001; 25 (Supplement): S61-2.
    • (2001) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.25 , pp. S61-S62
    • Kudsk, K.A.1    Moore, F.A.2
  • 98
    • 37549002889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral supplementation with key pharmaconutrients improves sequential organ failure assessment score in critically ill patients with sepsis: Outcome of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial
    • Beale RJ, Sherry T, Lei K, et al. Early enteral supplementation with key pharmaconutrients improves sequential organ failure assessment score in critically ill patients with sepsis: outcome of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 131-44.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 131-144
    • Beale, R.J.1    Sherry, T.2    Lei, K.3
  • 99
    • 0033504316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
    • Heys SD, Walker LG, Smith I, et al. Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Ann Surg 1999; 229: 467-77.
    • (1999) Ann Surg , vol.229 , pp. 467-477
    • Heys, S.D.1    Walker, L.G.2    Smith, I.3
  • 100
    • 0035934054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence
    • Heyland DK, Novak F, Drover JW, et al. Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. JAMA 2001; 286: 944-53.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 944-953
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Novak, F.2    Drover, J.W.3
  • 101
    • 84897920991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative nutrition: What is the current landscape?
    • Martindale RG, McClave SA, Taylor B, et al. Perioperative nutrition: what is the current landscape? J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 37 (5 Suppl): 5S-20S.
    • (2013) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 5S-20S
    • Martindale, R.G.1    McClave, S.A.2    Taylor, B.3
  • 103
    • 79551715585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition support for the acute lung injury/adult respiratory distress patient: A review
    • Turner KL, Moore FA, Martindale RG. Nutrition support for the acute lung injury/adult respiratory distress patient: a review. Nutr Clin Pract 2011; 26: 14-25.
    • (2011) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.26 , pp. 14-25
    • Turner, K.L.1    Moore, F.A.2    Martindale, R.G.3
  • 104
    • 84895818223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition
    • Kolacek S. Enteral nutrition. World Rev Nutr Diet 2013; 108: 86-90
    • (2013) World Rev Nutr Diet , vol.108 , pp. 86-90
    • Kolacek, S.1
  • 105
    • 81055141255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early ICU energy deficit is a risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Faisy C, Candela Llerena M, Savalle M, et al. Early ICU energy deficit is a risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 2011; 140: 1254-60.
    • (2011) Chest , vol.140 , pp. 1254-1260
    • Faisy, C.1    Candela Llerena, M.2    Savalle, M.3
  • 106
    • 84873108218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial
    • Heidegger CP, Berger MM, Graf S, et al. Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2013; 381: 385-93.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 385-393
    • Heidegger, C.P.1    Berger, M.M.2    Graf, S.3
  • 107
    • 84908125430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refeeding syndrome: Problems with definition and management
    • Crook MA. Refeeding syndrome: problems with definition and management . Nutrition 2014; 30: 1448-55.
    • (2014) Nutrition , vol.30 , pp. 1448-1455
    • Crook, M.A.1
  • 108
    • 84897626553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refeeding syndrome: Screening, incidence, and treatment during parenteral nutrition
    • Walmsley RS. Refeeding syndrome: screening, incidence, and treatment during parenteral nutrition. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 (Suppl 4): 113-7.
    • (2013) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 113-117
    • Walmsley, R.S.1
  • 109
    • 84902553622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition support protocols and their influence on the delivery of enteral nutrition: A systematic review
    • Lottes SM. Nutrition support protocols and their influence on the delivery of enteral nutrition: a systematic review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2014; 11: 194-9.
    • (2014) Worldviews Evid Based Nurs , vol.11 , pp. 194-199
    • Lottes, S.M.1
  • 110
    • 0036349507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postinjury enteral tolerance is reliably achieved by a standardized protocol
    • Kozar RA, McQuiggan MM, Moore EE, et al. Postinjury enteral tolerance is reliably achieved by a standardized protocol. J Surg Res 2002; 104: 70-5.
    • (2002) J Surg Res , vol.104 , pp. 70-75
    • Kozar, R.A.1    McQuiggan, M.M.2    Moore, E.E.3
  • 111
    • 58049198196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically ill adults: A cluster randomized controlled trial
    • Doig GS, Simpson F, Finfer S, et al. Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically ill adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008; 300: 2731-41.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 2731-2741
    • Doig, G.S.1    Simpson, F.2    Finfer, S.3
  • 112
    • 2342652226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes in critically ill patients before and after the implementation of an evidence-based nutritional management protocol
    • Barr J, Hecht M, Flavin KE, et al. Outcomes in critically ill patients before and after the implementation of an evidence-based nutritional management protocol. Chest 2004; 125: 1446-57.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 1446-1457
    • Barr, J.1    Hecht, M.2    Flavin, K.E.3
  • 113
    • 0033502826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infusion protocol improves delivery of enteral tube feeding in the critical care unit
    • Spain DA, McClave SA, Sexton LK, et al. Infusion protocol improves delivery of enteral tube feeding in the critical care unit. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1999; 23: 288-92.
    • (1999) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 288-292
    • Spain, D.A.1    McClave, S.A.2    Sexton, L.K.3
  • 114
    • 84889251924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced protein-energy provision via the enteral route feeding protocol in critically ill patients: Results of a cluster randomized trial
    • Heyland DK, Murch L, Cahill N, et al. Enhanced protein-energy provision via the enteral route feeding protocol in critically ill patients: results of a cluster randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2013; 41: 2743-53.
    • (2013) Crit Care Med , vol.41 , pp. 2743-2753
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Murch, L.2    Cahill, N.3
  • 115
  • 116
    • 34547998372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment
    • Deane A, Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, et al. Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 3909-17.
    • (2007) World J Gastroenterol , vol.13 , pp. 3909-3917
    • Deane, A.1    Chapman, M.J.2    Fraser, R.J.3
  • 117
    • 63849136010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for the assessment of gastric emptying in critically ill, enterally fed adults
    • Moreira TV, McQuiggan M. Methods for the assessment of gastric emptying in critically ill, enterally fed adults. Nutr Clin Pract 2009; 24: 261-73.
    • (2009) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.24 , pp. 261-273
    • Moreira, T.V.1    McQuiggan, M.2
  • 118
    • 13444267277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor validity of residual volumes as a marker for risk of aspiration in critically ill patients
    • McClave SA, Lukan JK, Stefater JA, et al. Poor validity of residual volumes as a marker for risk of aspiration in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 324-30.
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 324-330
    • McClave, S.A.1    Lukan, J.K.2    Stefater, J.A.3
  • 119
    • 77954948448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric residual volumes in critical illness: What do they really mean?
    • Hurt RT, McClave SA. Gastric residual volumes in critical illness: what do they really mean? Crit Care Clin 2010; 26: 481-90.
    • (2010) Crit Care Clin , vol.26 , pp. 481-490
    • Hurt, R.T.1    McClave, S.A.2
  • 120
    • 0027194949 scopus 로고
    • Aspirating gastric residuals causes occlusion of small-bore feeding tubes
    • Powell KS, Marcuard SP, Farrior ES, et al. Aspirating gastric residuals causes occlusion of small-bore feeding tubes. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993; 17: 243-6.
    • (1993) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.17 , pp. 243-246
    • Powell, K.S.1    Marcuard, S.P.2    Farrior, E.S.3
  • 121
    • 79961097580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microaspiration in intubated critically ill patients: Diagnosis and prevention
    • Nseir S, Zerimech F, Jaillette E, et al. Microaspiration in intubated critically ill patients: diagnosis and prevention. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2011; 11: 413-23.
    • (2011) Infect Disord Drug Targets , vol.11 , pp. 413-423
    • Nseir, S.1    Zerimech, F.2    Jaillette, E.3
  • 122
    • 84872387857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of not monitoring residual gastric volume on risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults receiving mechanical ventilation and early enteral feeding: A randomized controlled trial
    • Reignier J, Mercier E, Le Gouge A, et al. Effect of not monitoring residual gastric volume on risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults receiving mechanical ventilation and early enteral feeding: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2013; 309: 249-56.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , pp. 249-256
    • Reignier, J.1    Mercier, E.2    Le Gouge, A.3
  • 123
    • 77952567595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of not measuring residual gastric volume in mechanically ventilated patients receiving early enteral feeding: A prospective before-after study
    • Poulard F, Dimet J, Martin-Lefevre L, et al. Impact of not measuring residual gastric volume in mechanically ventilated patients receiving early enteral feeding: a prospective before-after study. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2010; 34: 125-30.
    • (2010) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.34 , pp. 125-130
    • Poulard, F.1    Dimet, J.2    Martin-Lefevre, L.3
  • 124
    • 77953321994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: Current status and future recommendations
    • Efrati S, Deutsch I, Antonelli M, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: current status and future recommendations. J Clin Monit Comput 2010; 24: 161-8.
    • (2010) J Clin Monit Comput , vol.24 , pp. 161-168
    • Efrati, S.1    Deutsch, I.2    Antonelli, M.3
  • 125
    • 84883303925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diarrhea in enterally fed patients: Blame the diet?
    • Chang SJ, Huang HH. Diarrhea in enterally fed patients: blame the diet? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013; 16: 588-94.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.16 , pp. 588-594
    • Chang, S.J.1    Huang, H.H.2
  • 126
    • 42449132837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-examination of risk factors for non-Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients
    • Thorson MA, Bliss DZ, Savik K. Re-examination of risk factors for non-Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. J Adv Nurs 2008; 62: 354-64.
    • (2008) J Adv Nurs , vol.62 , pp. 354-364
    • Ma, T.1    Bliss, D.Z.2    Savik, K.3
  • 127
    • 84861177887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial diarrhea: A review of pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment strategies
    • Bartel B, Gau E. Nosocomial diarrhea: a review of pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment strategies. Hosp Pract 2012; 40: 130-8.
    • (2012) Hosp Pract , vol.40 , pp. 130-138
    • Bartel, B.1    Gau, E.2
  • 128
    • 38149098381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in critically ill patients treated with erythromycin-based prokinetic therapy for feed intolerance
    • Nguyen NQ, Ching K, Fraser RJ, et al. Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in critically ill patients treated with erythromycin-based prokinetic therapy for feed intolerance. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 169-73.
    • (2008) Intensive Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 169-173
    • Nguyen, N.Q.1    Ching, K.2    Fraser, R.J.3
  • 129
    • 84993797788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current issues on safety of prokinetics in critically ill patients with feed intolerance
    • Nguyen NQ, Yi Mei SL. Current issues on safety of prokinetics in critically ill patients with feed intolerance. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2011; 2: 197-204
    • (2011) Ther Adv Drug Saf , vol.2 , pp. 197-204
    • Nguyen, N.Q.1    Yi Mei, S.L.2
  • 130
    • 84928796420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological therapy of feed intolerance in the critically ill
    • Nguyen NQ. Pharmacological therapy of feed intolerance in the critically ill. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014; 5: 148-55.
    • (2014) World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther , vol.5 , pp. 148-155
    • Nguyen, N.Q.1
  • 131
    • 8744257610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of diarrhea by fiber-enriched diet in ICU patients on enteral nutrition: A prospective randomized controlled trial
    • Rushdi TA, Pichard C, Khater YH. Control of diarrhea by fiber-enriched diet in ICU patients on enteral nutrition: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2004; 23: 1344-52.
    • (2004) Clin Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 1344-1352
    • Rushdi, T.A.1    Pichard, C.2    Khater, Y.H.3
  • 132
    • 0023794507 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a fecal bulking agent on diarrhea during enteral feeding in the criticallyill
    • Hart GK, Dobb GJ. Effect of a fecal bulking agent on diarrhea during enteral feeding in the critically ill. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1988; 12: 465-8.
    • (1988) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.12 , pp. 465-468
    • Hart, G.K.1    Dobb, G.J.2
  • 133
    • 0034864002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble fiber reduces the incidence of diarrhea in septic patients receiving total enteral nutrition: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial
    • Spapen H, Diltoer M, Van Malderen C, et al. Soluble fiber reduces the incidence of diarrhea in septic patients receiving total enteral nutrition: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2001; 20: 301-5.
    • (2001) Clin Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 301-305
    • Spapen, H.1    Diltoer, M.2    Van Malderen, C.3
  • 134
    • 0026408763 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a bulk-forming cathartic on diarrhea in tube-fed patients
    • Heather DJ, Howell L, Montana M, et al. Effect of a bulk-forming cathartic on diarrhea in tube-fed patients. Heart Lung 1991; 20: 409-13.
    • (1991) Heart Lung , vol.20 , pp. 409-413
    • Heather, D.J.1    Howell, L.2    Montana, M.3
  • 136
    • 0025316671 scopus 로고
    • Diarrhoea during enteral feeding in the critically ill: A comparison of feeds with and without fibre
    • Dobb GJ, Towler SC. Diarrhoea during enteral feeding in the critically ill: a comparison of feeds with and without fibre. Intensive Care Med 1990; 16: 252-5.
    • (1990) Intensive Care Med , vol.16 , pp. 252-255
    • Dobb, G.J.1    Towler, S.C.2
  • 137
    • 84919642253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber supplementation influences phytogenic structure and functional capacity of the human intestinal microbiome: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
    • Holscher HD, Caporaso JG, Hooda S, et al. Fiber supplementation influences phytogenic structure and functional capacity of the human intestinal microbiome: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101: 55-64
    • (2015) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.101 , pp. 55-64
    • Holscher, H.D.1    Caporaso, J.G.2    Hooda, S.3
  • 138
    • 80051521888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidisciplinary practical guidelines for gastrointestinal access for enteral nutrition and decompression from the Society of Interventional Radiology and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute with endorsement by Canadian Interventional Radiological Association (CIRA) and Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE)
    • Society of Interventional Radiology; American Gastroenterological Association Institute; Canadian Interventional Radiological Association; Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
    • Itkin M, DeLegge MH, Fang JC, et al. Society of Interventional Radiology; American Gastroenterological Association Institute; Canadian Interventional Radiological Association; Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. Multidisciplinary practical guidelines for gastrointestinal access for enteral nutrition and decompression from the Society of Interventional Radiology and American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute, with endorsement by Canadian Interventional Radiological Association (CIRA) and Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE). Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 742-65.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 742-765
    • Itkin, M.1    DeLegge, M.H.2    Fang, J.C.3
  • 140
    • 0030712236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic locking of enteral feeding tubes with pancreatic enzymes
    • Sriram K, Jayanthi V, Lakshmi RG, et al. Prophylactic locking of enteral feeding tubes with pancreatic enzymes. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1997; 21: 353-6.
    • (1997) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 353-356
    • Sriram, K.1    Jayanthi, V.2    Lakshmi, R.G.3
  • 141
    • 30744470380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Care and long-term maintenance of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes
    • McClave SA, Neff RL. Care and long-term maintenance of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes. JPEN 2005; 30: S27-38.
    • (2005) JPEN , vol.30 , pp. S27-38
    • McClave, S.A.1    Neff, R.L.2
  • 142
    • 80051648934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults
    • Casaer MP, Mesotten D, Hermans G, et al. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 506-17.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 506-517
    • Casaer, M.P.1    Mesotten, D.2    Hermans, G.3
  • 143
    • 84877996857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients with short-term relative contraindications to early enteral nutrition: A randomized controlled trial
    • Doig GS, Simpson F, Sweetman EA, et al. Early parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients with short-term relative contraindications to early enteral nutrition: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2013; 309: 2130-8.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , pp. 2130-2138
    • Doig, G.S.1    Simpson, F.2    Sweetman, E.A.3
  • 144
    • 0027410359 scopus 로고
    • The effect of postoperative intravenous feeding (TPN) on outcome following major surgery evaluated in a randomized study
    • Sandstrom R, Drott C, Hyltander A, et al. The effect of postoperative intravenous feeding (TPN) on outcome following major surgery evaluated in a randomized study. Ann Surg 1993; 217: 185-95.
    • (1993) Ann Surg , vol.217 , pp. 185-195
    • Sandstrom, R.1    Drott, C.2    Hyltander, A.3
  • 145
    • 67650470214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN): Executive summary
    • Martindale RG, McClave SA, Vanek VW, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN): executive summary. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 1757-61.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 1757-1761
    • Martindale, R.G.1    McClave, S.A.2    Vanek, V.W.3
  • 148
    • 0028110449 scopus 로고
    • Comfort care for terminally ill patients: The appropriate use of nutrition and hydration
    • McCann RM, Hall WJ, Groth-Junker A. Comfort care for terminally ill patients: the appropriate use of nutrition and hydration. JAMA 1994; 272: 1263-6.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1263-1266
    • McCann, R.M.1    Hall, W.J.2    Groth-Junker, A.3
  • 149
    • 0033552295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: A review of the evidence
    • Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999; 282: 1365-70.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1365-1370
    • Finucane, T.E.1    Christmas, C.2    Travis, K.3
  • 150
    • 70349094128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia
    • Sampson EL, Candy B, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009, CD007209.
    • (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , pp. CD007209
    • Sampson, E.L.1    Candy, B.2    Jones, L.3
  • 151
    • 0030332559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forgoing artificial nutrition and hydration: Legal and ethical considerations
    • Mayo TW. Forgoing artificial nutrition and hydration: legal and ethical considerations. Nutr Clin Pract 1996; 11: 254-64.
    • (1996) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.11 , pp. 254-264
    • Mayo, T.W.1
  • 152
    • 0028110449 scopus 로고
    • Comfort care for terminally ill patients: The appropriate use of nutrition and hydration
    • McCann RM, Hall WJ, Groth-Junker J. Comfort care for terminally ill patients: the appropriate use of nutrition and hydration. JAMA 1994; 272: 1263-6.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1263-1266
    • McCann, R.M.1    Hall, W.J.2    Groth-Junker, J.3
  • 153
    • 27844591721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical and medicolegal aspects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement and provision of artificial nutritional therapy. ASGE task force on enteral nutrition
    • Delegge MH, McClave SA, DiSario JA, et al. Ethical and medicolegal aspects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement and provision of artificial nutritional therapy. ASGE task force on enteral nutrition. Gastroint Endosc 2005; 62: 952-62.
    • (2005) Gastroint Endosc , vol.62 , pp. 952-962
    • Delegge, M.H.1    McClave, S.A.2    DiSario, J.A.3
  • 154
    • 0033635199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy prevent gastroesophageal reflux in patients with pre-existing reflux?
    • Lien HC, Chang CS, Chen GH. Can percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy prevent gastroesophageal reflux in patients with pre-existing reflux? Am J Gastroent 2000; 95: 3439-43.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroent , vol.95 , pp. 3439-3443
    • Lien, H.C.1    Chang, C.S.2    Chen, G.H.3
  • 155
    • 84887473520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in relation to respiratory dysfunction
    • Sarfaty M, Nefussy B, Gross D, et al. Outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in relation to respiratory dysfunction. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013; 14: 528-32.
    • (2013) Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener , vol.14 , pp. 528-532
    • Sarfaty, M.1    Nefussy, B.2    Gross, D.3
  • 156
    • 84857044928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS guidelines on the clinical management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): Revised report of an EFNS task force
    • Andersen PM, Abrahams S, Borasio GD, et al. EFNS guidelines on the clinical management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): revised report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 360-75.
    • (2012) Eur J Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 360-375
    • Andersen, P.M.1    Abrahams, S.2    Borasio, G.D.3
  • 157
    • 61449097436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A 40-year personal perspective
    • Eisen A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a 40-year personal perspective. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16: 505-12.
    • (2009) J Clin Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 505-512
    • Eisen, A.1
  • 158
    • 84891807505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Palliative and end-of-life care
    • Shimizu T. Nutritional management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: palliative and end-of-life care. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2013; 53: 1292-4.
    • (2013) Rinsho Shinkeigaku , vol.53 , pp. 1292-1294
    • Shimizu, T.1
  • 159
    • 84900329283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palliative venting percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is safe and effective in patients with malignant obstruction
    • Issaka RB, Shapiro DM, Parikh ND, et al. Palliative venting percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is safe and effective in patients with malignant obstruction. Surg Endosc 2014; 28: 1668-73.
    • (2014) Surg Endosc , vol.28 , pp. 1668-1673
    • Issaka, R.B.1    Shapiro, D.M.2    Parikh, N.D.3
  • 161
    • 34247094214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial nutrition and hydration at the end of life: Ethics and evidence
    • Ganzini L. Artificial nutrition and hydration at the end of life: ethics and evidence. Palliat Support Care 2006; 4: 135-43.
    • (2006) Palliat Support Care , vol.4 , pp. 135-143
    • Ganzini, L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.