메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 35-68

Absorption and transport of botulinum neurotoxins

Author keywords

Botulinum complex; Botulinum neurotoxin; Cadherin; Epithelial barrier; Hemagglutinins; Intercellular junctions; Paracellular passage; Receptor mediated transcytosis; Toxin absorption

Indexed keywords


EID: 84955185136     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9454-6_3     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (10)

References (188)
  • 1
    • 33747200488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type A
    • Abbruzzese G, Berardelli A (2006) Neurophysiological effects of botulinum toxin type A. Neurotox Res 9:109-114
    • (2006) Neurotox Res , vol.9 , pp. 109-114
    • Abbruzzese, G.1    Berardelli, A.2
  • 2
    • 27744456489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization of binding and transcytosis of botulinum toxin by human intestinal epithelial cells
    • Ahsan CR et al (2005) Visualization of binding and transcytosis of botulinum toxin by human intestinal epithelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315:1028-1035
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.315 , pp. 1028-1035
    • Ahsan, C.R.1
  • 3
    • 53849114704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of systemic handling in the pathophysiologic actions of botulinum toxin
    • Al-Saleem FH et al (2008) The role of systemic handling in the pathophysiologic actions of botulinum toxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 326:856-863
    • (2008) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.326 , pp. 856-863
    • Al-Saleem, F.H.1
  • 4
    • 84870827073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the mechanisms that underlie absorption of botulinum toxin by the inhalation route
    • Al-Saleem FH et al (2012) Analysis of the mechanisms that underlie absorption of botulinum toxin by the inhalation route. Infect Immun 80:4133-4142
    • (2012) Infect Immun , vol.80 , pp. 4133-4142
    • Al-Saleem, F.H.1
  • 5
    • 43649099645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-distance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A
    • Antonucci F et al (2008) Long-distance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A. J Neurosci 28:3689-3696
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 3689-3696
    • Antonucci, F.1
  • 6
    • 0037369959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification od fully activated Clostridium botulinum serotype B toxin for treatment of patients with dystonia
    • Arimitsu H et al (2003) Purification od fully activated Clostridium botulinum serotype B toxin for treatment of patients with dystonia. Infect Immun 71:1599-1603
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , pp. 1599-1603
    • Arimitsu, H.1
  • 7
    • 47049126863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular properties of each subcomponent in Clostridium botulinum type B haemagglutinin complex
    • Arimitsu H et al (2008) Molecular properties of each subcomponent in Clostridium botulinum type B haemagglutinin complex. Microb Pathog 45:142-149
    • (2008) Microb Pathog , vol.45 , pp. 142-149
    • Arimitsu, H.1
  • 8
    • 13444263345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of the neurotoxin-associated protein HA33/A from Clostridium botulinum suggests a reoccurring beta-trefoil fold in the progenitor toxin complex
    • Arndt JW et al (2005) The structure of the neurotoxin-associated protein HA33/A from Clostridium botulinum suggests a reoccurring beta-trefoil fold in the progenitor toxin complex. J Mol Biol 346:1083-1093
    • (2005) J Mol Biol , vol.346 , pp. 1083-1093
    • Arndt, J.W.1
  • 9
    • 0022550764 scopus 로고
    • Infant botulism anticipating the second decade
    • Arnon SS (1986) Infant botulism anticipating the second decade. J Infect Dis 154:201-206
    • (1986) J Infect Dis , vol.154 , pp. 201-206
    • Arnon, S.S.1
  • 10
    • 0003670055 scopus 로고
    • Infant botulism
    • Finegold SM, George WL (eds), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Arnon SS (1989) Infant botulism. In: Finegold SM, George WL (eds) Anaerobic infections in humans. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 601-609
    • (1989) Anaerobic infections in humans , pp. 601-609
    • Arnon, S.S.1
  • 11
    • 0035961566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management
    • Arnon SS et al (2001) Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 285:1059-1070
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1059-1070
    • Arnon, S.S.1
  • 12
    • 34147140020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creation and development of the public service orphan drug Human Botulism Immune Globulin
    • Arnon SS (2007) Creation and development of the public service orphan drug Human Botulism Immune Globulin. Pediatrics 119:785-789
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119 , pp. 785-789
    • Arnon, S.S.1
  • 13
    • 77953146235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New botulinum toxin injection warnings issued: postinjection symptoms include dysphagia, ptosis andf shortness of breath, according to the FDA
    • Ault A (2008) New botulinum toxin injection warnings issued: postinjection symptoms include dysphagia, ptosis andf shortness of breath, according to the FDA. Skin Allergy News 39:13
    • (2008) Skin Allergy News , vol.39 , pp. 13
    • Ault, A.1
  • 14
    • 84875837813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular assembly of botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complexes
    • Benefield DA et al (2013) Molecular assembly of botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:5630-5635
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. 5630-5635
    • Benefield, D.A.1
  • 15
    • 0029769296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transimmortalized mouse intestinal cells (m-ICc12) that maintain a crypt phenotype
    • Bens M et al (1996) Transimmortalized mouse intestinal cells (m-ICc12) that maintain a crypt phenotype. Am J Physiol 270:C1666-1674
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270 , pp. C1666-1674
    • Bens, M.1
  • 16
    • 0032997550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalised muscular weakness after botulinum toxin injections for dystonia: a report of three cases
    • Bhatia KP et al (1999) Generalised muscular weakness after botulinum toxin injections for dystonia: a report of three cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67:90-93
    • (1999) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.67 , pp. 90-93
    • Bhatia, K.P.1
  • 17
    • 29644438627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxin is transported in a novel neuronal compartment characterized by a specialized pH regulation
    • Bohnert S, Schiavo G (2005) Tetanus toxin is transported in a novel neuronal compartment characterized by a specialized pH regulation. J Biol Chem 280:42336-42344
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 42336-42344
    • Bohnert, S.1    Schiavo, G.2
  • 18
    • 84882832188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake and transport of clostridium neurotoxins
    • Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds), Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • Bohnert S et al (2006) Uptake and transport of clostridium neurotoxins. In: Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds) The Sourcebook of comprehensive bacterial protein toxins. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 390-408
    • (2006) The Sourcebook of comprehensive bacterial protein toxins , pp. 390-408
    • Bohnert, S.1
  • 19
    • 0018489118 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of botulinal toxin from the gastrointestinal tract
    • Bonventre PF (1979) Absorption of botulinal toxin from the gastrointestinal tract. Rev Infect Dis 1:663-667
    • (1979) Rev Infect Dis , vol.1 , pp. 663-667
    • Bonventre, P.F.1
  • 20
    • 18844437055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.3 A crystal structure of tetanus neurotoxin light chain
    • Breidenbach MA, Brunger AT (2005) 2.3 A crystal structure of tetanus neurotoxin light chain. BioChemistry 44:7450-7457
    • (2005) BioChemistry , vol.44 , pp. 7450-7457
    • Breidenbach, M.A.1    Brunger, A.T.2
  • 21
    • 33847326229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infant botulism
    • Brook I (2007) Infant botulism. J Perinatol 27:175-180
    • (2007) J Perinatol , vol.27 , pp. 175-180
    • Brook, I.1
  • 22
    • 0020081375 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to enteric botulinum colonization of antibiotictreated adult mice
    • Burr DH, Sugiyama H (1982) Susceptibility to enteric botulinum colonization of antibiotictreated adult mice. Infect Immun 36:103-106
    • (1982) Infect Immun , vol.36 , pp. 103-106
    • Burr, D.H.1    Sugiyama, H.2
  • 23
    • 68849129297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central effects of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins
    • Caleo M, Schiavo G (2009) Central effects of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. Toxicon 54:593-599
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 593-599
    • Caleo, M.1    Schiavo, G.2
  • 24
    • 0028785161 scopus 로고
    • In situ characterization of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin synthesis and export
    • Call JE, Cooke PH, Miller AJ (1995) In situ characterization of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin synthesis and export. J Appl Bacteriol 79:257-263
    • (1995) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.79 , pp. 257-263
    • Call, J.E.1    Cooke, P.H.2    Miller, A.J.3
  • 25
    • 33846065117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of E-cadherin disrupts establishment but not maintenance of cell junctions in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells
    • Capaldo CT, Macara IG (2007) Depletion of E-cadherin disrupts establishment but not maintenance of cell junctions in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 18:189-200
    • (2007) Mol Biol Cell , vol.18 , pp. 189-200
    • Capaldo, C.T.1    Macara, I.G.2
  • 26
    • 69749107105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay of diffusion of different botulinum neurotoxin type a formulations injected in the mouse leg
    • Carli L, Montecucco C, Rossetto O (2009) Assay of diffusion of different botulinum neurotoxin type a formulations injected in the mouse leg. Muscle Nerve 40:374-380
    • (2009) Muscle Nerve , vol.40 , pp. 374-380
    • Carli, L.1    Montecucco, C.2    Rossetto, O.3
  • 27
    • 34249090252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-sensitive Cdc42 activation regulates actin polymerization for endocytosis via the GEEC pathway
    • Chadda R et al (2007) Cholesterol-sensitive Cdc42 activation regulates actin polymerization for endocytosis via the GEEC pathway. Traffic 8:702-717
    • (2007) Traffic , vol.8 , pp. 702-717
    • Chadda, R.1
  • 28
    • 0031866118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biophysical characterization of the stability of the 150-kilodalton botulinum toxin, the nontoxic component, and the 900-kilodalton botulinum toxin complex species
    • Chen F, Kuziemko GM, Stevens RC (1998) Biophysical characterization of the stability of the 150-kilodalton botulinum toxin, the nontoxic component, and the 900-kilodalton botulinum toxin complex species. Infect Immun 66:2420-2425
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 2420-2425
    • Chen, F.1    Kuziemko, G.M.2    Stevens, R.C.3
  • 29
    • 33748305676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosstalk between different adhesion molecules
    • Chen X, Gumbiner BM (2006) Crosstalk between different adhesion molecules. Curr Opin Cell Biol 18:572-578
    • (2006) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.18 , pp. 572-578
    • Chen, X.1    Gumbiner, B.M.2
  • 30
    • 33751257772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism in 4 adults following cosmetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation
    • Chertow DS et al (2006) Botulism in 4 adults following cosmetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation. Jama 296:2476-2479
    • (2006) Jama , vol.296 , pp. 2476-2479
    • Chertow, D.S.1
  • 31
    • 77953154709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic botulism after botulinum toxin type A injections
    • Coban A et al (2010) Iatrogenic botulism after botulinum toxin type A injections. Clin Neuropharmacol 33:158-160
    • (2010) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.33 , pp. 158-160
    • Coban, A.1
  • 32
    • 0032995728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a vertebrate neuromuscular junction that demonstrates selective resistance to botulinum toxin
    • Coffield JA et al (1999) Characterization of a vertebrate neuromuscular junction that demonstrates selective resistance to botulinum toxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289:1509-1516
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.289 , pp. 1509-1516
    • Coffield, J.A.1
  • 33
    • 33645097251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of botulinum neurotoxins A and E, and associated non-toxin genes, during the transition phase and stability at high temperature:analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR
    • Couesnon A, Raffestin S, Popoff MR (2006) Expression of botulinum neurotoxins A and E, and associated non-toxin genes, during the transition phase and stability at high temperature:analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Microbiology 152:759-770
    • (2006) Microbiology , vol.152 , pp. 759-770
    • Couesnon, A.1    Raffestin, S.2    Popoff, M.R.3
  • 34
    • 38049148290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin A through intestinal cell monolayers
    • Couesnon A, Pereira Y, Popoff MR (2008) Receptor-mediated transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin A through intestinal cell monolayers. Cell Microbiol 10:375-387
    • (2008) Cell Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 375-387
    • Couesnon, A.1    Pereira, Y.2    Popoff, M.R.3
  • 35
    • 58349103136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential entry of botulinum neurotoxin A into neuronal and intestinal cells
    • Couesnon A, Shimizu T, Popoff MR (2009) Differential entry of botulinum neurotoxin A into neuronal and intestinal cells. Cell Microbiol 11:289-308
    • (2009) Cell Microbiol , vol.11 , pp. 289-308
    • Couesnon, A.1    Shimizu, T.2    Popoff, M.R.3
  • 36
    • 79952855554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential entry of Botulinum neurotoxin A into neuronal and intestinal cells: an ultrastructural approach
    • Couesnon A et al (2010) Differential entry of Botulinum neurotoxin A into neuronal and intestinal cells: an ultrastructural approach. Botulinum J 1:375-392
    • (2010) Botulinum J , vol.1 , pp. 375-392
    • Couesnon, A.1
  • 37
    • 84861215299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential entry of botulinum neurotoxin A Hc domain through intestinal crypt cells and targeting to cholinergic neurons of the mouse intestine
    • Couesnon A et al (2012) Preferential entry of botulinum neurotoxin A Hc domain through intestinal crypt cells and targeting to cholinergic neurons of the mouse intestine. PLoS Pathog 8:e1002583
    • (2012) PLoS Pathog , vol.8
    • Couesnon, A.1
  • 39
    • 0038050739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxin gene clusters in Clostridium botulinum type A strains: sequence comparison and evolutionary implications
    • Dineen SS, Bradshaw M, Johnson EA (2003) Neurotoxin gene clusters in Clostridium botulinum type A strains: sequence comparison and evolutionary implications. Cur Microbiol 46:342-352
    • (2003) Cur Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 342-352
    • Dineen, S.S.1    Bradshaw, M.2    Johnson, E.A.3
  • 40
    • 2442690587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the type A2 neurotoxin gene cluster in Clostridium botulinum
    • Dineen SS et al (2004) Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the type A2 neurotoxin gene cluster in Clostridium botulinum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 235:9-16
    • (2004) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.235 , pp. 9-16
    • Dineen, S.S.1
  • 41
    • 0141641129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptotagmins I and II mediate entry of botulinum neurotoxin B into cells
    • Dong M et al (2003) Synaptotagmins I and II mediate entry of botulinum neurotoxin B into cells. J Cell Biol 162:1293-1303
    • (2003) J Cell Biol , vol.162 , pp. 1293-1303
    • Dong, M.1
  • 42
    • 33646248918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SV2 is the protein receptor for botulinum neurotoxin A
    • Dong M et al (2006) SV2 is the protein receptor for botulinum neurotoxin A. Science 312:592-596
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 592-596
    • Dong, M.1
  • 43
    • 58549094719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosylated SV2A and SV2B mediate the entry of botulinum neurotoxin E into neurons
    • Dong M et al (2008) Glycosylated SV2A and SV2B mediate the entry of botulinum neurotoxin E into neurons. Mol Biol Cell 19:5226-5237
    • (2008) Mol Biol Cell , vol.19 , pp. 5226-5237
    • Dong, M.1
  • 44
    • 0142103731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic side effects of botulinum toxin type B therapy
    • Dressler D, Benecke R (2004) Autonomic side effects of botulinum toxin type B therapy. Adv Neurol 94:315-320
    • (2004) Adv Neurol , vol.94 , pp. 315-320
    • Dressler, D.1    Benecke, R.2
  • 45
    • 79952364126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the dissociation of botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes
    • Eisele KH et al (2011) Studies on the dissociation of botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes. Toxicon 57:555-565
    • (2011) Toxicon , vol.57 , pp. 555-565
    • Eisele, K.H.1
  • 46
    • 79951969619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that botulinum toxin receptors on epithelial cells and neuronal cells are not identical: implications for development of a non-neurotropic vaccine
    • Elias M et al (2011) Evidence that botulinum toxin receptors on epithelial cells and neuronal cells are not identical: implications for development of a non-neurotropic vaccine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 336:605-612
    • (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.336 , pp. 605-612
    • Elias, M.1
  • 47
    • 0034708794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structures of the Hc fragment of tetanus toxin with carbohydrate subunit complexes provide insight into ganglioside binding
    • Emsley P et al (2000) The structures of the Hc fragment of tetanus toxin with carbohydrate subunit complexes provide insight into ganglioside binding. J Biol Chem 275:8889-8894
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 8889-8894
    • Emsley, P.1
  • 48
    • 33846254873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectin is a negative regulator of dynamin recruitment to the synaptic endocytic zone in the central synapse
    • Evergren E et al (2007) Intersectin is a negative regulator of dynamin recruitment to the synaptic endocytic zone in the central synapse. J Neurosci 27:379-390
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 379-390
    • Evergren, E.1
  • 49
    • 84885297288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular dissection of botulinum neurotoxin reveals interdomain chaperone function
    • 00033-00030
    • Fischer A, Montal M (2013) Molecular dissection of botulinum neurotoxin reveals interdomain chaperone function. Toxicon 5:00033-00030
    • (2013) Toxicon , vol.5
    • Fischer, A.1    Montal, M.2
  • 50
    • 4143074446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of Tetanus Toxin Hc fragment complexed with a synthetic GT1b analogue suggests cross-linking between ganglioside receptors and the toxin
    • Fotinou C et al (2001) The crystal structure of Tetanus Toxin Hc fragment complexed with a synthetic GT1b analogue suggests cross-linking between ganglioside receptors and the toxin. J Biol Chem 276:3274-3281
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 3274-3281
    • Fotinou, C.1
  • 51
    • 54749110992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protease-resistant novel hemagglutinin purified from type A Clostridium botulinum
    • Fu FN, Sharma SK, Singh BR (1997) A protease-resistant novel hemagglutinin purified from type A Clostridium botulinum. J Prot Chem 17:53-60
    • (1997) J Prot Chem , vol.17 , pp. 53-60
    • Fu, F.N.1    Sharma, S.K.2    Singh, B.R.3
  • 52
    • 33746268620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light chain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A: structural resolution of a catalytic intermediate
    • Fu Z et al (2006) Light chain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A: structural resolution of a catalytic intermediate. BioChemistry 45:8903-8911
    • (2006) BioChemistry , vol.45 , pp. 8903-8911
    • Fu, Z.1
  • 53
    • 67649210455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosylated SV2 and gangliosides as dual receptors for botulinum neurotoxin serotype F
    • Fu Z et al (2009) Glycosylated SV2 and gangliosides as dual receptors for botulinum neurotoxin serotype F. BioChemistry 48:5631-5641
    • (2009) BioChemistry , vol.48 , pp. 5631-5641
    • Fu, Z.1
  • 54
    • 0028618306 scopus 로고
    • Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin and its gene organization
    • Fujinaga Y et al (1994) Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin and its gene organization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 205:1291-1298
    • (1994) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.205 , pp. 1291-1298
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 55
    • 0031435919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The haemagglutinin of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin plays an essential role in binding of toxin to the epithelial cells of guinea pig intestine, leading to the efficient absorption of the toxin
    • Fujinaga Y et al (1997) The haemagglutinin of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin plays an essential role in binding of toxin to the epithelial cells of guinea pig intestine, leading to the efficient absorption of the toxin. Microbiology 143:3841-3847
    • (1997) Microbiology , vol.143 , pp. 3841-3847
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 56
    • 0033952269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of functional subunits of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxin involved in binding to intestinal microvilli and erythrocytes
    • Fujinaga Y et al (2000) Identification and characterization of functional subunits of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxin involved in binding to intestinal microvilli and erythrocytes. FEBS Lett 467:179-183
    • (2000) FEBS Lett , vol.467 , pp. 179-183
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 57
    • 10744224620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gangliosides that associate with lipid rafts mediate transport of cholera and related toxins from the plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum
    • Fujinaga Y et al (2003) Gangliosides that associate with lipid rafts mediate transport of cholera and related toxins from the plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Biol Cell 14:4783-4793
    • (2003) Mol Biol Cell , vol.14 , pp. 4783-4793
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 58
    • 2942555014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of binding subcomponents of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin for intestinal epithelial cells and erythrocytes
    • Fujinaga Y et al (2004) Molecular characterization of binding subcomponents of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin for intestinal epithelial cells and erythrocytes. Microbiology 150:1529-1538
    • (2004) Microbiology , vol.150 , pp. 1529-1538
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 59
    • 33750372422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of bacterial toxins into target cells: pathways followed by cholera toxin and botulinum progenitor toxin
    • Fujinaga Y (2006) Transport of bacterial toxins into target cells: pathways followed by cholera toxin and botulinum progenitor toxin. J Biochem 140:155-160
    • (2006) J Biochem , vol.140 , pp. 155-160
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 60
    • 68849102962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel function of botulinum toxin-associated proteins: HA proteins disrupt intestinal epithelial barrier to increase toxin absorption
    • Fujinaga Y et al (2009) A novel function of botulinum toxin-associated proteins: HA proteins disrupt intestinal epithelial barrier to increase toxin absorption. Toxicon 54:583-586
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 583-586
    • Fujinaga, Y.1
  • 62
    • 0028886648 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of two forms of nontoxic-non hemagglutinantinin components of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxins
    • Fujita R et al (1995) Molecular characterization of two forms of nontoxic-non hemagglutinantinin components of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxins. FEBS Lett 376:41-44
    • (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.376 , pp. 41-44
    • Fujita, R.1
  • 63
    • 0027532981 scopus 로고
    • Time course of distant effects of local injections of botulinum toxin
    • Garner CG et al (1993) Time course of distant effects of local injections of botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 8:33-37
    • (1993) Mov Disord , vol.8 , pp. 33-37
    • Garner, C.G.1
  • 64
    • 26244459823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylro VacA cytotoxin: a probe for a clathrin-independent and Cdc42-dependent pinocytic pathway routed to late endosomes
    • Gauthier NC et al (2005) Helicobacter pylro VacA cytotoxin: a probe for a clathrin-independent and Cdc42-dependent pinocytic pathway routed to late endosomes. Mol Biol Cell 16:4852-4866
    • (2005) Mol Biol Cell , vol.16 , pp. 4852-4866
    • Gauthier, N.C.1
  • 65
    • 34548340965 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial Toxcins: lethal amounts
    • Laskin AI, Lechevalier HA (eds), CRC Press, Cleveland
    • Gill DM (1987) Bacterial Toxcins: lethal amounts. In: Laskin AI, Lechevalier HA (eds) Toxins and Enzymes. CRC Press, Cleveland, pp 127-135
    • (1987) Toxins and Enzymes , pp. 127-135
    • Gill, D.M.1
  • 66
    • 0026788068 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin therapy: distant effects on neuromuscular transmission and autonomic nervous system
    • Girlanda P et al (1992) Botulinum toxin therapy: distant effects on neuromuscular transmission and autonomic nervous system. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55:844-845
    • (1992) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 844-845
    • Girlanda, P.1
  • 67
    • 3242792543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of botulinum toxin in spasticity
    • Gracies JM (2004) Physiological effects of botulinum toxin in spasticity. Mov Disord 19(Suppl 8):S120-128
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , pp. S120-128
    • Gracies, J.M.1
  • 68
    • 84875809344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly and function of the botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complex
    • Gu S, Jin R (2013) Assembly and function of the botulinum neurotoxin progenitor complex. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 364:21-44
    • (2013) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.364 , pp. 21-44
    • Gu, S.1    Jin, R.2
  • 69
    • 84863229206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin is shielded by NTNHA in an interlocked complex
    • Gu S et al (2012) Botulinum neurotoxin is shielded by NTNHA in an interlocked complex. Science 335:977-981
    • (2012) Science , vol.335 , pp. 977-981
    • Gu, S.1
  • 70
    • 0030056968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell adhesion; the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis
    • Gumbiner BM (1996) Cell adhesion; the molecular basis of tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Cell 84:345-357
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 345-357
    • Gumbiner, B.M.1
  • 71
    • 39849100440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton
    • Hartsock A, Nelson WJ (2008) Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778:660-669
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1778 , pp. 660-669
    • Hartsock, A.1    Nelson, W.J.2
  • 72
    • 34548312483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel subunit structure of clostridium botulinum serotype D toxin complex with three extended arms
    • Hasegawa K et al (2007) A novel subunit structure of clostridium botulinum serotype D toxin complex with three extended arms. J Biol Chem 282:24777-24783
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 24777-24783
    • Hasegawa, K.1
  • 73
    • 0023475046 scopus 로고
    • Examination of feces and serum for diagnosis of infant botulism in 336 patients
    • Hatheway C, McCroskey LM (1987) Examination of feces and serum for diagnosis of infant botulism in 336 patients. J Clin Microbiol 25:2334-2338
    • (1987) J Clin Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 2334-2338
    • Hatheway, C.1    McCroskey, L.M.2
  • 74
    • 23744508421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of botulinum progenitor toxins by mass spectrometry
    • Hines HB et al (2005) Characterization of botulinum progenitor toxins by mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:4478-4486
    • (2005) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.71 , pp. 4478-4486
    • Hines, H.B.1
  • 75
    • 73849176950 scopus 로고
    • Botulism caused by inhalation
    • Holzer E (1962) Botulism caused by inhalation. Med Klin 41:1735-1740
    • (1962) Med Klin , vol.41 , pp. 1735-1740
    • Holzer, E.1
  • 76
    • 0032848601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of haemagglutinin activity of Clostridium botulinum type C and D 16S toxins, and one subcomponent of haemagglutinin (HA1)
    • Inoue K et al (1999) Characterization of haemagglutinin activity of Clostridium botulinum type C and D 16S toxins, and one subcomponent of haemagglutinin (HA1). Microbiology 145:2533-2542
    • (1999) Microbiology , vol.145 , pp. 2533-2542
    • Inoue, K.1
  • 77
    • 0035043484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium botulinum type A haemagglutinin positive progenitor toxin (HA + -PTX) binds to oligosaccharides containing Galb1-4GlcNAc through one subcomponent of haemagglutinin (HA1)
    • Inoue K et al (2001) Clostridium botulinum type A haemagglutinin positive progenitor toxin (HA + -PTX) binds to oligosaccharides containing Galb1-4GlcNAc through one subcomponent of haemagglutinin (HA1). Microbiology 147:811-819
    • (2001) Microbiology , vol.147 , pp. 811-819
    • Inoue, K.1
  • 78
    • 0347513218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and calorimetry of a haemagglutinin component (HA1) of the progenitor toxin from Clostridium botulinum
    • Inoue K et al (2003) Structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and calorimetry of a haemagglutinin component (HA1) of the progenitor toxin from Clostridium botulinum. Microbiology 149:3361-3370
    • (2003) Microbiology , vol.149 , pp. 3361-3370
    • Inoue, K.1
  • 79
    • 77958457608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of sialic acid in transport of serotype C1 botulinum toxins through rat intestinal epithelial cells
    • Inui K et al (2010) Involvement of sialic acid in transport of serotype C1 botulinum toxins through rat intestinal epithelial cells. J Vet Med Sci 72:1251-1255
    • (2010) J Vet Med Sci , vol.72 , pp. 1251-1255
    • Inui, K.1
  • 80
    • 79952612789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HA-33 facilitates transport of the serotype D botulinum toxin across a rat intestinal epithelial cell monolayer
    • Ito H et al (2011) HA-33 facilitates transport of the serotype D botulinum toxin across a rat intestinal epithelial cell monolayer. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 61:323-331
    • (2011) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 323-331
    • Ito, H.1
  • 81
    • 43049133550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of neurotoxin cluster genes in Clostridium botulinum strains producing botulinum neurotoxin serotype A subtypes
    • Jacobson MJ et al (2008) Analysis of neurotoxin cluster genes in Clostridium botulinum strains producing botulinum neurotoxin serotype A subtypes. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2778-2786
    • (2008) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.74 , pp. 2778-2786
    • Jacobson, M.J.1
  • 82
    • 0025857556 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin
    • Jankovic J, Brin MF (1991) Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med 324:1186-1194
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1186-1194
    • Jankovic, J.1    Brin, M.F.2
  • 83
    • 61449163955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the epithelial barrier by botulinum haemagglutinin (HA) proteins-differences in cell tropism and the mechanism of action between HA proteins of types A or B, and HA proteins of type C
    • Jin Y et al (2009) Disruption of the epithelial barrier by botulinum haemagglutinin (HA) proteins-differences in cell tropism and the mechanism of action between HA proteins of types A or B, and HA proteins of type C. Microbiology 155:35-45
    • (2009) Microbiology , vol.155 , pp. 35-45
    • Jin, Y.1
  • 84
    • 0345832207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of botulinum neurotoxin into cultured neurons
    • Keller JE, Cai F, Neale EA (2004) Uptake of botulinum neurotoxin into cultured neurons. Biochemistry 43:526-532
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 526-532
    • Keller, J.E.1    Cai, F.2    Neale, E.A.3
  • 85
    • 0038946003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion by Payer's patche lymphocyte of human enterocytes into M cells that transport bacteria
    • Kerneis S et al (1997) Conversion by Payer's patche lymphocyte of human enterocytes into M cells that transport bacteria. Science 277:949-952
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 949-952
    • Kerneis, S.1
  • 86
    • 0033838876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular studies of the intestinal mucosal barrier physiopathology using cocultures of epithelial and immune cells: a technical update
    • Kerneis S et al (2000) Molecular studies of the intestinal mucosal barrier physiopathology using cocultures of epithelial and immune cells: a technical update. Microb Infect 2:1119-1124
    • (2000) Microb Infect , vol.2 , pp. 1119-1124
    • Kerneis, S.1
  • 87
    • 33745058028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central effect of botulinum toxin type A in humans
    • Kim DY, Oh BM, Paik NJ (2006) Central effect of botulinum toxin type A in humans. Int J Neurosci 116:667-680
    • (2006) Int J Neurosci , vol.116 , pp. 667-680
    • Kim, D.Y.1    Oh, B.M.2    Paik, N.J.3
  • 88
    • 0014533071 scopus 로고
    • Significance of 12S toxin of Clostridium botulinum type E
    • Kitamura M, Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi G (1969) Significance of 12S toxin of Clostridium botulinum type E. J Bacteriol 98:1173-1178
    • (1969) J Bacteriol , vol.98 , pp. 1173-1178
    • Kitamura, M.1    Sakaguchi, S.2    Sakaguchi, G.3
  • 89
    • 20444431618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different response of the knockout mice lacking b-series gangliosides against botulinum and tetanus toxins
    • Kitamura M et al (2005) Different response of the knockout mice lacking b-series gangliosides against botulinum and tetanus toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1741:1-3
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1741 , pp. 1-3
    • Kitamura, M.1
  • 90
    • 0041671065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A botulism case of a 12-year-old girl caused by intestinal colonization of Clostridium botulinum type Ab
    • Kobayashi H et al (2003) A botulism case of a 12-year-old girl caused by intestinal colonization of Clostridium botulinum type Ab. Jpn J Infect Dis 56:73-74
    • (2003) Jpn J Infect Dis , vol.56 , pp. 73-74
    • Kobayashi, H.1
  • 91
    • 18044376812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxin binds to Intestine-407 cells via N-acetyllactosamine moiety
    • Kojima S et al (2005) Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxin binds to Intestine-407 cells via N-acetyllactosamine moiety. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 331:571-576
    • (2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.331 , pp. 571-576
    • Kojima, S.1
  • 92
    • 0037169538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium botulinum type D progenitor toxin
    • Kouguchi H et al (2002) In vitro reconstitution of the Clostridium botulinum type D progenitor toxin. J Biol Chem 277:2650-2656
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 2650-2656
    • Kouguchi, H.1
  • 93
    • 0031687865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin associated with infant botulism in Japan
    • Kozaki S et al (1998) Characterization of Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin associated with infant botulism in Japan. Infect Immun 66:4811-4816
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 4811-4816
    • Kozaki, S.1
  • 94
    • 58549116147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain organization in Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E is unique: its implication in faster translocation
    • Kumaran D et al (2009) Domain organization in Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E is unique: its implication in faster translocation. J Mol Biol 386:233-245
    • (2009) J Mol Biol , vol.386 , pp. 233-245
    • Kumaran, D.1
  • 95
    • 0033520494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence homology and structural analysis of the clostridial neurotoxins
    • Lacy DB, Stevens RC (1999) Sequence homology and structural analysis of the clostridial neurotoxins. J Mol Biol 291:1091-1104
    • (1999) J Mol Biol , vol.291 , pp. 1091-1104
    • Lacy, D.B.1    Stevens, R.C.2
  • 96
    • 0031712779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A and implications for toxicity
    • Lacy DB et al (1998) Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A and implications for toxicity. Nature Struct Biol 5:898-902
    • (1998) Nature Struct Biol , vol.5 , pp. 898-902
    • Lacy, D.B.1
  • 97
    • 0042825880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The journey of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in neurons
    • Lalli G et al (2003) The journey of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in neurons. Trends Microbiol 11:431-437
    • (2003) Trends Microbiol , vol.11 , pp. 431-437
    • Lalli, G.1
  • 98
    • 37049232988 scopus 로고
    • The most poisonous poison
    • Lamanna C (1959) The most poisonous poison. Science 130:763-772
    • (1959) Science , vol.130 , pp. 763-772
    • Lamanna, C.1
  • 99
    • 84882823855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular trafficking of bacterial and plant toxins
    • Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds), Elsevier-Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • Lamaze C, Johannes L (2006a) Intracellular trafficking of bacterial and plant toxins. In:Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds) The Comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins, Elsevier-Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 135-153
    • (2006) The Comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins , pp. 135-153
    • Lamaze, C.1    Johannes, L.2
  • 100
    • 84882823855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular trafficking of bacterial and plant protein toxins
    • Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds), Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • Lamaze C, Johannes L (2006b) Intracellular trafficking of bacterial and plant protein toxins. In: Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds) The sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 135-153
    • (2006) The sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins , pp. 135-153
    • Lamaze, C.1    Johannes, L.2
  • 101
    • 57349190038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subunit stoichiometry of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex determined using denaturing capillary electrophoresis
    • Lietzow MA et al (2008) Subunit stoichiometry of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin complex determined using denaturing capillary electrophoresis. Protein J 27:420-425
    • (2008) Protein J , vol.27 , pp. 420-425
    • Lietzow, M.A.1
  • 102
    • 76149138491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the Clostridium botulinum A2 neurotoxin gene cluster proteins and characterization of the A2 complex
    • Lin G et al (2010) Expression of the Clostridium botulinum A2 neurotoxin gene cluster proteins and characterization of the A2 complex. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:40-47
    • (2010) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.76 , pp. 40-47
    • Lin, G.1
  • 104
    • 0036797866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic neuropathies
    • Low PA (2002) Autonomic neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol 15:605-609
    • (2002) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 605-609
    • Low, P.A.1
  • 105
    • 0036201088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against haemagglutinin associated with Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin
    • Mahmut N et al (2002) Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against haemagglutinin associated with Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin. J Med Microbiol 51:286-294
    • (2002) J Med Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 286-294
    • Mahmut, N.1
  • 106
    • 33645212684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves
    • Mahrhold S et al (2006) The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves. FEBS Lett 580:2011-2014
    • (2006) FEBS Lett , vol.580 , pp. 2011-2014
    • Mahrhold, S.1
  • 107
    • 3342955474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural features of the botulinum neurotoxin molecule that govern binding and transcytosis across polarized human intestinal epithelial cells
    • Maksymowych AB, Simpson LI (2004) Structural features of the botulinum neurotoxin molecule that govern binding and transcytosis across polarized human intestinal epithelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 210:633-641
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.210 , pp. 633-641
    • Maksymowych, A.B.1    Simpson, L.I.2
  • 108
    • 0032555584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding and transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin by polarized human carcinoma cells
    • Maksymowych AB, Simpson LL (1998) Binding and transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin by polarized human carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 273:21950-21957
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 21950-21957
    • Maksymowych, A.B.1    Simpson, L.L.2
  • 109
    • 0032767291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pure botulinum neurotoxin is absorbed from the stomach and small intestine and produces peripheral neuromuscular blockade
    • Maksymowych AB et al (1999) Pure botulinum neurotoxin is absorbed from the stomach and small intestine and produces peripheral neuromuscular blockade. Infect Immun 67:4708-4712
    • (1999) Infect Immun , vol.67 , pp. 4708-4712
    • Maksymowych, A.B.1
  • 110
    • 38049150493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HA proteins of botulinum toxin disrupt intestinal epithelial intercellular junctions to increase toxin absorption
    • Matsumura T et al (2008) The HA proteins of botulinum toxin disrupt intestinal epithelial intercellular junctions to increase toxin absorption. Cell Microbiol 10:355-364
    • (2008) Cell Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 355-364
    • Matsumura, T.1
  • 111
    • 0000267699 scopus 로고
    • The absorption of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin from the alimentary canal
    • May AJ, Whaler BC (1958) The absorption of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin from the alimentary canal. Br J Exp Path 39:307-316
    • (1958) Br J Exp Path , vol.39 , pp. 307-316
    • May, A.J.1    Whaler, B.C.2
  • 112
    • 34547114456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis
    • Mayor S, Pagano RE (2007) Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:603-612
    • (2007) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 603-612
    • Mayor, S.1    Pagano, R.E.2
  • 113
    • 1842536499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rafts: scale-dependent, active lipid organization at the cell surface
    • Mayor S, Rao M (2004) Rafts: scale-dependent, active lipid organization at the cell surface. Traffic 5:221-240
    • (2004) Traffic , vol.5 , pp. 221-240
    • Mayor, S.1    Rao, M.2
  • 114
    • 33750690078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin
    • Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds), Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • McClane BA (2006) Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. In: Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 763-778
    • (2006) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins , pp. 763-778
    • McClane, B.A.1
  • 115
    • 0022852759 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanism of action of botulism neurotoxin
    • Middlebrook JL (1986) Cellular mechanism of action of botulism neurotoxin. J Toxicol 5:177-180
    • (1986) J Toxicol , vol.5 , pp. 177-180
    • Middlebrook, J.L.1
  • 116
    • 0001354433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxins
    • Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR (eds), The Surgeon General, Washington, DC
    • Middlebrook JL, Franz DR (1997) Botulinum toxins. In: Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR (eds) Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. The Surgeon General, Washington, DC, pp 643-654
    • (1997) Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare , pp. 643-654
    • Middlebrook, J.L.1    Franz, D.R.2
  • 117
    • 65549158558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and stability of the nontoxic component of the botulinum toxin complex
    • Miyata K et al (2009) Expression and stability of the nontoxic component of the botulinum toxin complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 384:126-130
    • (2009) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.384 , pp. 126-130
    • Miyata, K.1
  • 118
    • 0018396766 scopus 로고
    • Microbial ecological basis of infant botulism as studied with germfree mice
    • Moberg LJ, Sugiyama H (1979) Microbial ecological basis of infant botulism as studied with germfree mice. Infect Immun 25:653-657
    • (1979) Infect Immun , vol.25 , pp. 653-657
    • Moberg, L.J.1    Sugiyama, H.2
  • 119
    • 0018944473 scopus 로고
    • The rat as an animal model for infant botulism
    • Moberg LJ, Sugiyama H (1980) The rat as an animal model for infant botulism. Infect Immun 29:819-821
    • (1980) Infect Immun , vol.29 , pp. 819-821
    • Moberg, L.J.1    Sugiyama, H.2
  • 121
    • 0031559908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motorneurons in the cat: alterations of the discharge pattern
    • Moreno-Lopez B et al (1997) Effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A on abducens motorneurons in the cat: alterations of the discharge pattern. Neuroscience 81:437-455
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.81 , pp. 437-455
    • Moreno-Lopez, B.1
  • 122
    • 0033945110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane traffic in polarized epithelial cells
    • Mostov KE, Verges M, Altschuler Y (2000) Membrane traffic in polarized epithelial cells. Cell Biol 12:483-490
    • (2000) Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 483-490
    • Mostov, K.E.1    Verges, M.2    Altschuler, Y.3
  • 123
    • 0141542728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete subunit structure of the Clostridium botulinum type D complex via intermediate assembly with nontoxic components
    • Mutoh S et al (2003) Complete subunit structure of the Clostridium botulinum type D complex via intermediate assembly with nontoxic components. Biochemistry 42:10991-10997
    • (2003) Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 10991-10997
    • Mutoh, S.1
  • 124
    • 2642530185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The receptor and transporter for internalization of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin into HT-29 cells
    • Nishikawa A et al (2004) The receptor and transporter for internalization of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin into HT-29 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 319:327-333
    • (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.319 , pp. 327-333
    • Nishikawa, A.1
  • 125
    • 0030064241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high-affinity of Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin to synaptotagmin II associated with gangliosides GT1B/GD1a
    • Nishiki T et al (1996) The high-affinity of Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin to synaptotagmin II associated with gangliosides GT1B/GD1a. FEBS Lett 378:253-257
    • (1996) FEBS Lett , vol.378 , pp. 253-257
    • Nishiki, T.1
  • 126
    • 33947285071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nontoxic components of serotype D botulinum toxin complex in permeation through a Caco-2 cell monolayer, a model for intestinal epithelium
    • Niwa K et al (2007) Role of nontoxic components of serotype D botulinum toxin complex in permeation through a Caco-2 cell monolayer, a model for intestinal epithelium. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49:346-352
    • (2007) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol , vol.49 , pp. 346-352
    • Niwa, K.1
  • 127
    • 77249101504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sialic acid-dependent binding and transcytosis of serotype D botulinum neurotoxin and toxin complex in rat intestinal epithelial cells
    • Niwa K et al (2010) Sialic acid-dependent binding and transcytosis of serotype D botulinum neurotoxin and toxin complex in rat intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 141:312-320
    • (2010) Vet Microbiol , vol.141 , pp. 312-320
    • Niwa, K.1
  • 128
    • 0033052084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of Clostridium botulinum progenitor toxin
    • Oguma K et al (1999) Structure and function of Clostridium botulinum progenitor toxin. J Toxicol 18:17-34
    • (1999) J Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 17-34
    • Oguma, K.1
  • 129
    • 0018861922 scopus 로고
    • Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type C and D toxins of different molecular sizes
    • Ohishi I, Sakaguchi G (1980) Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type C and D toxins of different molecular sizes. Infect Immun 28:303-309
    • (1980) Infect Immun , vol.28 , pp. 303-309
    • Ohishi, I.1    Sakaguchi, G.2
  • 130
    • 0017579106 scopus 로고
    • Oral toxicites of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size
    • Ohishi I, Sugii S, Sakaguchi G (1977) Oral toxicites of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size. Infect Immun 16:107-109
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.16 , pp. 107-109
    • Ohishi, I.1    Sugii, S.2    Sakaguchi, G.3
  • 131
    • 0036713817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poliovirus transcytosis through M-like cells
    • Ouzilou L et al (2002) Poliovirus transcytosis through M-like cells. J Gen Virol 83:2177-2182
    • (2002) J Gen Virol , vol.83 , pp. 2177-2182
    • Ouzilou, L.1
  • 132
    • 0037373083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation poisoning by botulinum toxin and inhalation vaccination with its heavy-chain component
    • Park JB, Simpson LL (2003) Inhalation poisoning by botulinum toxin and inhalation vaccination with its heavy-chain component. Infect Immun 71:1147-1154
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Park, J.B.1    Simpson, L.L.2
  • 133
    • 0020676554 scopus 로고
    • Quantities of Clostridium botulinum organisms and toxin in feces and presence of Clostridium botulinum toxin in the serum of an infant with botulism
    • Paton JC, Lawrence AJ, Steven IM (1983) Quantities of Clostridium botulinum organisms and toxin in feces and presence of Clostridium botulinum toxin in the serum of an infant with botulism. J Clin Microbiol 17:13-15
    • (1983) J Clin Microbiol , vol.17 , pp. 13-15
    • Paton, J.C.1    Lawrence, A.J.2    Steven, I.M.3
  • 134
    • 33751111966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of lipid rafts enhances activity of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A
    • Petro KA et al (2006) Disruption of lipid rafts enhances activity of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. Toxicon 48:1033-1045
    • (2006) Toxicon , vol.48 , pp. 1033-1045
    • Petro, K.A.1
  • 135
    • 68849099523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysport pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action
    • Pickett A (2009) Dysport pharmacological properties and factors that influence toxin action. Toxicon 54:683-689
    • (2009) Toxicon , vol.54 , pp. 683-689
    • Pickett, A.1
  • 136
    • 63249127139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifaceted role of Rho, Rac, Cdc42 and Ras in intercellular junctions, lessons from toxins
    • Popoff MR, Geny B (2009) Multifaceted role of Rho, Rac, Cdc42 and Ras in intercellular junctions, lessons from toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1788:797-812
    • (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1788 , pp. 797-812
    • Popoff, M.R.1    Geny, B.2
  • 137
    • 0002750164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and genomic features of clostridial neurotoxins
    • Alouf JE, Freer JH (eds), Academic Press, London
    • Popoff MR, Marvaud JC (1999) Structural and genomic features of clostridial neurotoxins. In: Alouf JE, Freer JH (eds) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins. Academic Press, London, pp 174-201
    • (1999) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins , pp. 174-201
    • Popoff, M.R.1    Marvaud, J.C.2
  • 138
    • 67649292434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do the botulinum neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release: from botulism to the molecular mechanism of action
    • Poulain B, Popoff MR, Molgo J (2008) How do the botulinum neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release: from botulism to the molecular mechanism of action. Botulinum J 1:14-87
    • (2008) Botulinum J , vol.1 , pp. 14-87
    • Poulain, B.1    Popoff, M.R.2    Molgo, J.3
  • 139
    • 0344443664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectin regulates fission and internalization of caveolae in endothelial cells
    • Predescu SA et al (2003) Intersectin regulates fission and internalization of caveolae in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 14:4997-5010
    • (2003) Mol Biol Cell , vol.14 , pp. 4997-5010
    • Predescu, S.A.1
  • 140
    • 2442650456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridial neurotoxins
    • Bahl H, Dürre P (eds), Veinheim
    • Quinn CP, Minton NP (2001) Clostridial neurotoxins. In: Bahl H, Dürre P (eds) Clostridia, Willey-VCH, Veinheim, pp 211-250
    • (2001) Clostridia, Willey-VCH , pp. 211-250
    • Quinn, C.P.1    Minton, N.P.2
  • 141
    • 0036830653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural insights into the membrane-anchoring mechanism of a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin
    • Ramachandran R et al (2002) Structural insights into the membrane-anchoring mechanism of a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin. Nat Struct Biol 9:823-827
    • (2002) Nat Struct Biol , vol.9 , pp. 823-827
    • Ramachandran, R.1
  • 142
    • 33747615247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An initial assessment of the systemic pharmacokinetics of botulinum toxin
    • Ravichandran E et al (2006) An initial assessment of the systemic pharmacokinetics of botulinum toxin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:1343-1351
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , pp. 1343-1351
    • Ravichandran, E.1
  • 143
    • 80155171404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for Anterograde Transport and Transcytosis of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A)
    • Restani L et al (2011) Evidence for Anterograde Transport and Transcytosis of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A). J Neurosci 31:15650-15659
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 15650-15659
    • Restani, L.1
  • 144
    • 84872035669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxins A and E undergo retrograde axonal transport in primary motor neurons
    • Restani L et al (2012) Botulinum neurotoxins A and E undergo retrograde axonal transport in primary motor neurons. PLoS Pathog 8:e1003087
    • (2012) PLoS Pathog , vol.8
    • Restani, L.1
  • 145
    • 84863876711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin a impairs neurotransmission following retrograde transynaptic transport
    • Restani L et al (2012) Botulinum neurotoxin a impairs neurotransmission following retrograde transynaptic transport. Traffic 13:1083-1089
    • (2012) Traffic , vol.13 , pp. 1083-1089
    • Restani, L.1
  • 146
    • 65849406333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undesirable distant effects following botulinum toxin type A injection
    • Roche N et al (2008) Undesirable distant effects following botulinum toxin type A injection. Clin Neuropharmacol 31:272-280
    • (2008) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 272-280
    • Roche, N.1
  • 147
    • 33745026786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTP-dependent twisting of dynamin implicates constriction and tension in membrane fission
    • Roux A et al (2006) GTP-dependent twisting of dynamin implicates constriction and tension in membrane fission. Nature 441:528-531
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 528-531
    • Roux, A.1
  • 148
    • 3142735021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptotagmins I and II act as nerve cell receptors for botulinum neurotoxin G
    • Rummel A et al (2004a) Synaptotagmins I and II act as nerve cell receptors for botulinum neurotoxin G. J Biol Chem 279:30865-30870
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 30865-30870
    • Rummel, A.1
  • 149
    • 1242320307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hcc-domain of botulinum neurotoxins A and B exhibits a singular ganglioside binding site displaying serotype specific carbohydrate interaction
    • Rummel A et al (2004b) The Hcc-domain of botulinum neurotoxins A and B exhibits a singular ganglioside binding site displaying serotype specific carbohydrate interaction. Mol Microbiol 51:631-643
    • (2004) Mol Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 631-643
    • Rummel, A.1
  • 150
    • 33846096319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the protein receptor binding site of botulinum neurotoxins B and G proves the double-receptor concept
    • Rummel A et al (2007) Identification of the protein receptor binding site of botulinum neurotoxins B and G proves the double-receptor concept. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:359-364
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 359-364
    • Rummel, A.1
  • 151
    • 69949182315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxins C, E and F bind gangliosides via a conserved binding site prior to stimulation-dependent uptake with botulinum neurotoxin F utilising the three isoforms of SV2 as second receptor
    • Rummel A et al (2009) Botulinum neurotoxins C, E and F bind gangliosides via a conserved binding site prior to stimulation-dependent uptake with botulinum neurotoxin F utilising the three isoforms of SV2 as second receptor. J Neurochem 110:1942-1954
    • (2009) J Neurochem , vol.110 , pp. 1942-1954
    • Rummel, A.1
  • 152
    • 0036232040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPI-anchored proteins are delivered to recycling endosomes via a distinct cdc42-regulated, clathrin-independent pinocytic pathway. Develop
    • Sabharanjak S et al (2002) GPI-anchored proteins are delivered to recycling endosomes via a distinct cdc42-regulated, clathrin-independent pinocytic pathway. Develop. Cell 2:411-423
    • (2002) Cell , vol.2 , pp. 411-423
    • Sabharanjak, S.1
  • 153
    • 0034469487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of nicking of the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin components of Clostridium botulinum types C and D progenitor toxin
    • Sagane Y et al (2000) Characterization of nicking of the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin components of Clostridium botulinum types C and D progenitor toxin. J Protein Chem 19:575-581
    • (2000) J Protein Chem , vol.19 , pp. 575-581
    • Sagane, Y.1
  • 154
    • 0035798220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of C-terminal region, of HA-33 component of botulinum toxin in hemagglutination
    • Sagane Y et al (2001) Role of C-terminal region, of HA-33 component of botulinum toxin in hemagglutination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:650-657
    • (2001) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.288 , pp. 650-657
    • Sagane, Y.1
  • 155
    • 0020286209 scopus 로고
    • Clostridium botulinum Toxins
    • Sakaguchi G (1983) Clostridium botulinum Toxins. Pharmac Ther 19:165-194
    • (1983) Pharmac Ther , vol.19 , pp. 165-194
    • Sakaguchi, G.1
  • 156
    • 77956408837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalational botulism in rhesus macaques exposed to botulinum neurotoxin complex serotypes A1 and B1
    • Sanford DC et al (2010) Inhalational botulism in rhesus macaques exposed to botulinum neurotoxin complex serotypes A1 and B1. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17:1293-1304
    • (2010) Clin Vaccine Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 1293-1304
    • Sanford, D.C.1
  • 157
    • 0034862657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxins of Bacteroides fragilis
    • Sears CL (2001) The toxins of Bacteroides fragilis. Toxicon 39:1737-1746
    • (2001) Toxicon , vol.39 , pp. 1737-1746
    • Sears, C.L.1
  • 158
    • 56349165698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteroides fragilis toxins
    • Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds), Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • Sears CL, Franco AA, Wu S (2006) Bacteroides fragilis toxins. In: Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds) The sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 535-546
    • (2006) The sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins , pp. 535-546
    • Sears, C.L.1    Franco, A.A.2    Wu, S.3
  • 159
    • 38949204651 scopus 로고
    • Le diagnostic biologique du botulisme
    • Sebald M, Saimot G (1973) Le diagnostic biologique du botulisme. Med Mal Inf 3:83-85
    • (1973) Med Mal Inf , vol.3 , pp. 83-85
    • Sebald, M.1    Saimot, G.2
  • 160
    • 0037470170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosphingolipids internalized via caveolar-related endocytosis rapidly merge with the clathrin pathway in early endosomes and form microdomains for recycling
    • Sharma DK et al (2003) Glycosphingolipids internalized via caveolar-related endocytosis rapidly merge with the clathrin pathway in early endosomes and form microdomains for recycling. J Biol Chem 278:7564-7572
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 7564-7572
    • Sharma, D.K.1
  • 161
    • 53149125684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular properties of a hemagglutinin purified from type A Clostridium botulinum
    • Sharma SK, Fu FN, Singh BR (1999) Molecular properties of a hemagglutinin purified from type A Clostridium botulinum. J Protein Chem 18:29-38
    • (1999) J Protein Chem , vol.18 , pp. 29-38
    • Sharma, S.K.1    Fu, F.N.2    Singh, B.R.3
  • 162
    • 0037353920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of the components of type A botulinum neeurotoxin complex by electrophoresis
    • Sharma SK, Ramzan MA, Singh BR (2003) Separation of the components of type A botulinum neeurotoxin complex by electrophoresis. Toxicon 41:321-331
    • (2003) Toxicon , vol.41 , pp. 321-331
    • Sharma, S.K.1    Ramzan, M.A.2    Singh, B.R.3
  • 163
    • 54249145569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International outbreak of severe botulism with prolonged toxemia caused by commercial carrot juice
    • Sheth AN et al (2008) International outbreak of severe botulism with prolonged toxemia caused by commercial carrot juice. Clin Infect Dis 47:1245-1251
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , pp. 1245-1251
    • Sheth, A.N.1
  • 164
    • 0033147449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SH3-domain-containing proteins function at distinct steps in clathrincoated vesicle formation
    • Simpson F et al (1999) SH3-domain-containing proteins function at distinct steps in clathrincoated vesicle formation. Nature Cell Biol 1:119-124
    • (1999) Nature Cell Biol , vol.1 , pp. 119-124
    • Simpson, F.1
  • 165
    • 0028293577 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase antagonizes the effects of clostridial neurotoxins but not phospholipase A2 neurotoxins
    • Simpson LL, Coffield JA, Bakry N (1994) Inhibition of vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase antagonizes the effects of clostridial neurotoxins but not phospholipase A2 neurotoxins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269:256-262
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.269 , pp. 256-262
    • Simpson, L.L.1    Coffield, J.A.2    Bakry, N.3
  • 166
    • 76349114323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial protein toxins as biological weapons
    • Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds), Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam
    • Smith LA (2006) Bacterial protein toxins as biological weapons. In: Alouf JE, Popoff MR (eds) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp 1019-1030
    • (2006) The comprehensive sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins , pp. 1019-1030
    • Smith, L.A.1
  • 167
    • 26444527989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulism
    • Sobel J (2005) Botulism. Clin Infect Dis 41:1167-1173
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1167-1173
    • Sobel, J.1
  • 168
    • 50849107858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A in complex with the cell surface co-receptor GT1b-insight into the toxin-neuron interaction
    • Stenmark P et al (2008) Crystal structure of botulinum neurotoxin type A in complex with the cell surface co-receptor GT1b-insight into the toxin-neuron interaction. PLoS Pathog 4:e1000129
    • (2008) PLoS Pathog , vol.4
    • Stenmark, P.1
  • 169
    • 77952360192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum hemagglutinin disrupts the intercellular epithelial barrier by directly binding E-cadherin
    • Sugawara Y et al (2010) Botulinum hemagglutinin disrupts the intercellular epithelial barrier by directly binding E-cadherin. J Cell Biol 189:691-700
    • (2010) J Cell Biol , vol.189 , pp. 691-700
    • Sugawara, Y.1
  • 170
    • 78650828434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The botulinum toxin complex meets E-cadherin on the way to its destination
    • Sugawara Y, Fujinaga Y (2011) The botulinum toxin complex meets E-cadherin on the way to its destination. Cell Adh Migr 5:34-36
    • (2011) Cell Adh Migr , vol.5 , pp. 34-36
    • Sugawara, Y.1    Fujinaga, Y.2
  • 171
    • 0017744686 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes
    • Sugii S, Ohishi I, Sakaguchi G (1977a) Correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes. Infect Immun 16:910-914
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.16 , pp. 910-914
    • Sugii, S.1    Ohishi, I.2    Sakaguchi, G.3
  • 172
    • 0017378439 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal absorption of botulinum toxins of different molecular sizes in rats
    • Sugii S, Ohishi I, Sakaguchi G (1977b) Intestinal absorption of botulinum toxins of different molecular sizes in rats. Infect Immun 17:491-496
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.17 , pp. 491-496
    • Sugii, S.1    Ohishi, I.2    Sakaguchi, G.3
  • 173
    • 0019161371 scopus 로고
    • Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin
    • Sugiyama H (1980) Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. Microbiol Rev 44:419-448
    • (1980) Microbiol Rev , vol.44 , pp. 419-448
    • Sugiyama, H.1
  • 174
    • 0018096535 scopus 로고
    • Intraintestinal toxin in infant mice challenged intragastrically with Clostridium botulinum spores
    • Sugiyama H, Mills DC (1978) Intraintestinal toxin in infant mice challenged intragastrically with Clostridium botulinum spores. Infect Immun 21:59-63
    • (1978) Infect Immun , vol.21 , pp. 59-63
    • Sugiyama, H.1    Mills, D.C.2
  • 175
    • 84863961448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum Neurotoxins B and E Translocate at Different Rates and Exhibit Divergent Responses to GT1b and Low pH
    • Sun S et al (2012) Botulinum Neurotoxins B and E Translocate at Different Rates and Exhibit Divergent Responses to GT1b and Low pH. Biochemistry 52:5655-5662
    • (2012) Biochemistry , vol.52 , pp. 5655-5662
    • Sun, S.1
  • 176
    • 0033884053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural analysis of the catalytic and binding sites of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin B
    • Swaminathan S, Eswaramoorthy S (2000) Structural analysis of the catalytic and binding sites of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin B. Nature Struct Biol 7:693-699
    • (2000) Nature Struct Biol , vol.7 , pp. 693-699
    • Swaminathan, S.1    Eswaramoorthy, S.2
  • 178
    • 18244372680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory mechanisms of dynamin-dependent endocytosis
    • Takei K, Yoshida Y, Yamada H (2005) Regulatory mechanisms of dynamin-dependent endocytosis. J Biochem (Tokyo) 137:243-247
    • (2005) J Biochem (Tokyo) , vol.137 , pp. 243-247
    • Takei, K.1    Yoshida, Y.2    Yamada, H.3
  • 179
    • 18144395417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of acute lung injury after intranasal administration of toxin botulinum A complex
    • Taysse L et al (2005) Induction of acute lung injury after intranasal administration of toxin botulinum A complex. Toxicol Pathol 33:336-342
    • (2005) Toxicol Pathol , vol.33 , pp. 336-342
    • Taysse, L.1
  • 180
    • 0031255103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of the receptor binding fragment Hc of tetanus neurotoxin
    • Umland TC et al (1997) The structure of the receptor binding fragment Hc of tetanus neurotoxin. Nature Struct 4:788-792
    • (1997) Nature Struct , vol.4 , pp. 788-792
    • Umland, T.C.1
  • 181
    • 32144440985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell internalization and traffic pathway of Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin in HT-29 cells
    • Uotsu N et al (2005) Cell internalization and traffic pathway of Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin in HT-29 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1763:120-128
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1763 , pp. 120-128
    • Uotsu, N.1
  • 182
    • 33846255422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic of botulinum toxins A and E in excitatory and inhibitory neurons
    • Verderio C et al (2007) Traffic of botulinum toxins A and E in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Traffic 8:142-153
    • (2007) Traffic , vol.8 , pp. 142-153
    • Verderio, C.1
  • 183
    • 0020355068 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of mice with limited intestinal flora to enteric colonization by Clostridium botulinum
    • Wells CL, Sugiyama H, Bland SE (1982) Resistance of mice with limited intestinal flora to enteric colonization by Clostridium botulinum. J Infect Dis 146:791-796
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.146 , pp. 791-796
    • Wells, C.L.1    Sugiyama, H.2    Bland, S.E.3
  • 184
    • 0017315001 scopus 로고
    • 125I-labelled botulinum A neurotoxin:pharmacokinetics in cats after intramuscular injection
    • Wiegand H, Erdmann G, Wellhoner HH (1976) 125I-labelled botulinum A neurotoxin:pharmacokinetics in cats after intramuscular injection. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 292:161-165
    • (1976) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol , vol.292 , pp. 161-165
    • Wiegand, H.1    Erdmann, G.2    Wellhoner, H.H.3
  • 185
    • 0035087750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote F-wave changes after local botulinum toxin application
    • Wohlfarth K et al (2001) Remote F-wave changes after local botulinum toxin application. Clin Neurophysiol 112:636-640
    • (2001) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.112 , pp. 636-640
    • Wohlfarth, K.1
  • 186
    • 67650433813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose equivalence of two commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A: time for a reassessment?
    • Wohlfarth K et al (2009) Dose equivalence of two commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A: time for a reassessment? Curr Med Res Opin 25:1573-1584
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.25 , pp. 1573-1584
    • Wohlfarth, K.1
  • 187
    • 56049097691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium botulinum serotype D neurotoxin and toxin complex bind to bovine aortic endothelial cells via sialic acid
    • Yoneyama T et al (2008) Clostridium botulinum serotype D neurotoxin and toxin complex bind to bovine aortic endothelial cells via sialic acid. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 54:290-298
    • (2008) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol , vol.54 , pp. 290-298
    • Yoneyama, T.1
  • 188
    • 0037031826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum neurotoxin A activity is dependent upon the presence of specific gangliosides in neuroblastoma cells expressing synaptotagmin I
    • Yowler BC, Kensinger RD, Schengrund CL (2002) Botulinum neurotoxin A activity is dependent upon the presence of specific gangliosides in neuroblastoma cells expressing synaptotagmin I. J Biol Chem 277:32815-32819
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 32815-32819
    • Yowler, B.C.1    Kensinger, R.D.2    Schengrund, C.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.