Expression of botulinum neurotoxins A and E, and associated non-toxin genes, during the transition phase and stability at high temperature: Analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR

Microbiology

Volumn 152, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 759-770

  Couesnon, Aurélie ^a   Raffestin, Stéphanie ^a   Popoff, Michel R ^a  

^a INSTITUT PASTEUR   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; BOTULINUM TOXIN E; CALCIUM; HEMAGGLUTININ; PROTEINASE; RNA POLYMERASE; SIGMA FACTOR;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIOLYSIS; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HIGH TEMPERATURE; INCUBATION TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR STABILITY; NONHUMAN; PHASE TRANSITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SUPERNATANT; TEMPERATURE;

BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE A; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TYPE E; CULTURE MEDIA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, BACTERIAL; HEAT; HEMAGGLUTININS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TRANS-ACTIVATORS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM;

EID: 33645097251     PISSN: 13500872     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28561-0     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Bradshaw, M., Dineen, S. S., Maks, N. D. & Johnson, E. A. (2004). Regulation of neurotoxin complex expression in Clostridium botulinum strains 62A, Hall A-hyper, and NCTC2916. Anaerobe 10, 321-333.
2. Broussolle, V., Alberto, F., Shearman, C. A., Mason, D. R., Botella, L., Nguyen-The, C., Peck, M. W. & Carlin, F. (2002). Molecular and physiological characterization of spore germination in Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes. Anaerobe 8, 89-100.
3. Call, J. E., Cooke, P. H. & Miller, A. J. (1995). In situ characterization of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin synthesis and export. J Appl Bacterial 79, 257-263.
4. Chen, F., Kuziemko, G. M. & Stevens, R. C. (1998). Biophysical characterization of the stability of the 150-kilodalton botulinum toxin, the nontoxic component, and the 900-kilodalton botulinum toxin complex species. Infect Immun 66, 2420-2425.
5. DasGupta, B. R. (1989). The structure of the botulinum neurotoxins. In Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin, pp. 53-67. Edited by L. L. Simpson. San Diego: Academic Press.
6. DasGupta, B. R. & Sugiyama, H. (1972). Role of protease in natural activation of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. Infect Immun 6, 587-590.
7. Dekleva, M. L. & DasGupta, B. R. (1989). Nicking of single chain Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by an endogenous protease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162, 767-772.
8. Dekleva, M. L. & DasGupta, B. R. (1990). Purification and characterization of a protease from Clostridium botulinum type A that nicks single-chain type A botulinum neurotoxin into di-chain form. J Bacteriol 172, 2498-2503.
9. Dineen, S. S., Bradshaw, M., Karasek, C. E. & Johnson, E. A. (2004). Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the type A2 neurotoxin gene cluster in Clostridium botulinum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 235, 9-16.
10. Dupuy, B. & Sonenshein, A. L. (1998). Regulated transcription of Clostridium difficile toxin genes. Mol Microbiol 27, 107-120.
11. Dupuy, B., Mani, N., Katayama, S. & Sonenshein, A. L. (2005). Transcription activation of a UV-inducible Clostridium perfringens bacteriocin gene by a novel sigma factor. Mol Microbiol 55, 1196-1206.
12. Fu, F. N., Sharma, S. K. & Singh, B. R. (1997). A protease-resistant novel hemagglutinin purified from type A Clostridium botulinum. J Protein Chem 17, 53-60.
13. Fujinaga, Y., Inoue, K., Watanabe, S., Yokota, K., Hirai, Y., Nagamachi, E. & Oguma, K. (1997). The haemagglutinin of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin plays an essential role in binding of toxin to the epithelial cells of guinea pig intestine, leading to the efficient absorption of the toxin. Microbiology 143, 3841-3847.
14. Fujinaga, Y., Inoue, K., Nomura, T., Sasaki, J., Marvaud, J. C., Popoff, M. R., Kozaki, S. & Oguma, K. (2000). Identification and characterization of functional subunits of Clostridium botulinum A progenitor toxin involved in binding to intestinal microvilli and erythrocytes. FEBS Lett 467, 179-183.
15. Garnier, T. & Cole, S. T. (1988). Studies of UV-inducible promoters from Clostridium perfringens in vivo and in vitro. Mol Microbiol 2, 607-614.
16. Hatheway, C. L. (1989). Bacterial sources of clostridial neurotoxins. In Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin, pp. 3-24. Edited by L. L. Simpson. San Diego: Academic Press.
17. Hatheway, C. L. (1993). Clostridium botulinum and other clostridia that produce botulinum neurotoxin. In Clostridium Botulinum: Ecology and Control in Foods, pp. 3-20. Edited by A, H. W. Hauschild & K. L. Dodds. New York: Marcel Dekker.
18. Henderson, I., Whelan, S. M., Davis, T. O. & Minton, N. P. (1996). Genetic characterization of the botulinum toxin complex of Clostridium botulinum strain NCTC2916. FEMS Microbiol Lett 140, 151-158.
19. Henderson, I., Davis, T., Elmore, M. & Minton, N. (1997). The genetic basis of toxin production in Clostridium borulinum and Clostridium tetani. In The Clostridia: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis, pp. 261-294. Edited by I. Rood. New York: Academic Press.
20. Humeau, Y., Doussau, F., Grant, N. J. & Poulain, B. (2000). How botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins block neurotransmitter. Biochimie 82, 427-446.
21. Inoue, K., Fujinaga, Y., Watanabe, T., Ohyama, T., Takeshi, K., Moriishi, K., Nakajima, H., Inoue, K. & Oguma, K. (1996). Molecular composition of Clostridium botulinum type A progenitor toxins. Infect Immun 64, 1589-1594.
22. Jovita, M. R., Collins, M. D, & East, A. K. (1998). Gene organization and sequence determination of the two botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters in Clostridium botulinum. Curr Microbiol 36, 226-231.
23. Karlsson, S., Dupuy, B., Mukherjee, K., Norin, E., Burman, L. G. & Akerlund, T. (2003). Expression of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B and their sigma factor TcdD is controlled by temperature. Infect Immun 71, 1784-1793.
24. Kimura, B., Kawasaki, S., Nakano, H. & Hujii, T. (2001). Rapid, quantitative PCR monitoring of growth of Clostridium botulinum type E in modified-atmosphere-packaged fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 67, 206-218.
25. Krieglstein, K. G., DasGupta, B. R. & Henschen, A. H. (1994). Covalent structure of botulinum neurotoxin A: location of sulfhydryl bridges and identification of C-termini of light and heavy chains. J Protein Chem 13, 49-57.
26. Lövenklev, M., Holst, E., Borch, E. & Radstrom, P. (2004a). Relative neurotoxin gene expression in clostridium botulinum type B, determined using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 2919-2927.
27. Lövenklev, M., Artin, I., Hagberg, O., Borch, E., Holst, E. & Radström, P. (2004b). Quantitative interaction effects of carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite on neurotoxin gene expression in nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 2928-2934.
28. Mani, N. & Dupuy, B. (2001). Regulation of toxin synthesis in Clostridium difficile by an alternative RNA polymerase sigma factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 5844-5849.
29. Marvaud, J. C., Eisel, U., Binz, T., Niemann, H. & Popoff, M. R. (1998a). tetR is a positive regulator of the tetanus toxin gene in Clostridium tetani and is homologous to botR. Infect Immun 66, 5698-5702.
30. Marvaud, J. C., Gibert, M., Inoue, K., Fujinaga, V., Oguma, K. & Popoff, M. R. (1998b). botR/A is a positive regulator of botulinum neurotoxin and associated non-toxin protein genes in Clostridium botulinum A. Mol Microbiol 29, 1009-1018.
31. McGrath, S., Dooley, J. S. & Haylock, R. W. (2000). Quantification of Clostridium botulinum toxin gene expression by competitive reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 66, 1423-1428.
32. Meunier, F. A., Herreros, J., Schiavo, G., Poulain, B. & Molgo, J. (2002). Molecular mechanism of action of botulinal neurotoxins and the synaptic remodeling they induce in vivo at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. In Handbook of Neurotoxicology, pp. 305-347. Edited by J. Massaro. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
33. Oguma, K., Inoue, K., Fujinaga, Y., Yokota, K., Watanabe, T., Ohyama, T., Takeshi, K. & Inoue, K. (1999). Structure and function of Clostridium botulinum progenitor toxin. J Toxicol 18, 17-34.
34. Popoff, M. R. & Marvaud, J. C. (1999). Structural and genomic features of clostridial neurotoxins. In The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins, pp. 174-201. Edited by J. E. Alouf & J. H. Freer. London: Academic Press.
35. Porfirio, Z., Prado, S. M., Vancetto, M. D. C., Fratelli, F., Alves, E. W., Raw, I., Fernandes, B. L., Camargo, A. C. M. & Lebrun, I. (1997). Specific peptides of casein pancreatic digestion enhance the production of tetanus toxin. J Appl Microbiol 83, 678-684.
36. Quinn, C. P. & Minton, N. P. (2001). Clostridial neurotoxins. In Clostridia, pp. 211-250. Edited by H. Bahl & P. Dürre. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
37. Raffestin, S., Dupuy, B., Marvaud, J. C. & Popoff, M. R. (2005). BotR/A and TetR are alternative RNA polymerase sigma factors controlling the expression of the neurotoxin and associated protein genes in Clostridium botulinum type A and Clostridium tetani. Mol Microbiol 55, 235-249.
38. Schiavo, G., Matteoli, M. & Montecucco, C. (2000). Neurotoxins affecting neuroexocytosis. Physiol Rev 80, 717-766.
39. Sharma, S. K., Fu, F. N. & Singh, B. R. (1999). Molecular properties of a hemagglutinin purified from type A Clostridium botulinum. J Protein Chem 18, 29-38.
40. Sharma, S. K., Ramzan, M. A. & Singh, B. R. (2003). Separation of the components of type A botulinum neurotoxin complex by electrophoresis. Toxicon 41, 321-331.
41. Siegel, L. S. & Metzger, J. F. (1979). Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type A under various fermentation conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 38, 606-611.
42. Tavallaie, M., Chenal, A., Gillet, D., Raffestin, S., Popoff, M. R. & Marvaud, J. C. (2004). Interaction between the two subdomains of the C-terminal part of the botulinum neurotoxin A is essential for the generation of protective antibodies. FEBS Lett 572, 299-306.