The role of PET quantification in cardiovascular imaging

Clinical and Translational Imaging

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 343-358

  Slomka, Piotr ^a,b   Berman, Daniel S ^a   Alexanderson, Erick ^c,d   Germano, Guido ^a,b  

^a CEDARS SINAI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CARDIOLOGÍA IGNACIO CHÁVEZ   (Mexico)

^d UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular imaging; Ejection fraction; Flow reserve; Myocardial perfusion imaging; PET; Quantification

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID C 11; AMMONIA N 13; FLUORINE 18; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; FLURPIRIDAZ F 18; PALMITIC ACID C 11; RUBIDIUM 82; SODIUM FLUORIDE F 18; WATER O 15;

ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; CARDIAC IMAGING; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; CORONARY ARTERY CIRCUMFLEX BRANCH; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE METABOLISM; HUMAN; ISOTOPE TRACING; LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION;

EID: 84952992096     PISSN: 22815872     EISSN: 22817565     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40336-014-0070-2     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Naya M, Murthy VL, Taqueti VR et al (2014) Preserved coronary flow reserve effectively excludes high-risk coronary artery disease on angiography. J Nucl Med 55: 248-255.
2. Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR et al (2011) Improved cardiac risk assessment with noninvasive measures of coronary flow reserve. Circulation 124: 2215-2224.
3. Camici PG, Rimoldi OE (2009) The clinical value of myocardial blood flow measurement. J Nucl Med 50(7): 1076-1087.
4. Gould KL, Johnson NP, Bateman TM et al (2013) Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease. Role of coronary flow reserve, fractional flow reserve, and positron emission tomography imaging in revascularization decision-making. J Am Coll Cardiol 62: 1639-1653.
5. Wijns W, Vatner SF, Camici PG (1998) Hibernating myocardium. N Engl J Med 339: 173-181.
6. Joshi F, Rosenbaum D, Bordes S, Rudd JH (2011) Vascular imaging with positron emission tomography. J Intern Med 270: 99-109.
7. Klocke FJ, Baird MG, Lorell BH et al (2003) ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging). Circulation 108: 1404-1418.
8. Sampson UK, Dorbala S, Limaye A, Kwong R, Di Carli MF (2007) Diagnostic accuracy of rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion imaging with hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 49: 1052-1058.
9. 82)Rb PET/CT: development and validation of myocardial perfusion database. J Nucl Med 48: 1122-1128.
10. Nakazato R, Berman DS, Dey D et al (2012) Automated quantitative Rb-82 3D PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging: normal limits and correlation with invasive coronary angiography. J Nucl Cardiol 19: 265-276.
11. Arsanjani R, Xu Y, Hayes SW et al (2013) Comparison of fully automated computer analysis and visual scoring for detection of coronary artery disease from myocardial perfusion SPECT in a large population. J Nucl Med 54: 221-228.
12. Xu Y, Hayes S, Ali I et al (2010) Automatic and visual reproducibility of perfusion and function measures for myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 17: 1050-1057.
13. Beanlands RS, Chow BJ, Dick A et al (2007) CCS/CAR/CANM/CNCS/CanSCMR joint position statement on advanced noninvasive cardiac imaging using positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector computed tomographic angiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of ischemic heart disease-executive summary. Can J Cardiol 23: 107-119.
14. Marzilli M, Merz CN, Boden WE et al (2012) Obstructive coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease: an elusive link! J Am Coll Cardiol 60: 951-956.
15. Kaster T, Mylonas I, Renaud JM, Wells GA, Beanlands RSB, deKemp RA (2012) Accuracy of low-dose rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of coronary artery disease using 3D PET and normal database interpretation. J Nucl Cardiol 19: 1135-1145.
16. 13N-ammonia: evaluation in healthy adults. J Nucl Med Technol 37: 215-219.
17. Germano G, Kavanagh PB, Slomka PJ, van Kriekinge SD, Pollard G, Berman DS (2007) Quantitation in gated perfusion SPECT imaging: the Cedars-Sinai approach. J Nucl Cardiol 14: 433-454.
18. Schaefer WM, Lipke CS, Nowak B et al (2003) Validation of an evaluation routine for left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and wall motion from gated cardiac FDG PET: a comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30: 545-553.
19. Li Y, Wang L, Zhao SH et al (2014) Gated F-18 FDG PET for assessment of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using QGS and 4D-MSPECT in patients with heart failure: a comparison with cardiac MRI. PLoS ONE 9: e80227.
20. 18)F-FDG PET in patients with pulmonary hypertension: comparison with cardiac MRI and CT. J Nucl Cardiol 20: 242-252.
21. Lertsburapa K, Ahlberg AW, Bateman TM et al (2008) Independent and incremental prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction determined by stress gated rubidium 82 PET imaging in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol 15: 745-753.
22. Pazhenkottil AP, Buechel RR, Nkoulou R et al (2011) Left ventricular dyssynchrony assessment by phase analysis from gated PET-FDG scans. J Nucl Cardiol 18: 920-925.
23. AlJaroudi W, Alraies MC, Hachamovitch R et al (2012) Association of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony with survival benefit from revascularization: a study of gated positron emission tomography in patients with ischemic LV dysfunction and narrow QRS. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 39: 1581-1591.
24. 18F]FDG PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 40: 1876-1883.
25. Xu Y, Arsanjani R, Clond M et al (2012) Transient ischemic dilation for coronary artery disease in quantitative analysis of same-day sestamibi myocardial perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol 19: 465-473.
26. 82Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging: normal values and significance as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. J Nucl Med 53: 723-730.
27. 82Rb PET/CT study. J Nucl Med 48: 349-358.
28. Dorbala S, Hachamovitch R, Curillova Z et al (2009) Incremental prognostic value of gated Rb-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging over clinical variables and rest LVEF. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2: 846-854.
29. 82Rb PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med 54: 1748-1754.
30. Choi Y, Huang SC, Hawkins RA, Kuhle WG, Dahlbom M, Hoh CK, Czernin J, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR (1993) A simplified method for quantification of myocardial blood flow using nitrogen-14 ammonia and dynamic PET. J Nucl Med 34: 488-497.
31. Choi Y, Huang SC, Hawkins RA, Kim JY, Kim BT, Hoh CK, Chen K, Phelps ME, Schelbert HR (1999) Quantification of myocardial blood flow using N-13-ammonia and PET: comparison of tracer models. J Nucl Med 40: 1045-1055.
32. 15O-water with PET. J Nucl Med 45: 1908-1916.
33. 82Rb dynamic PET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med 34: 1765-1774.
34. 13)N-ammonia PET. J Nucl Med 50: 1062-1071.
35. 82Rb kinetics. J Nucl Med 54: 571-577.
36. 13N-ammonia PET/CT. J Nucl Med 53: 171-181.
37. 15O-water. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 39: 1037-1047.
38. Schelbert HR (2010) Anatomy and physiology of coronary blood flow. J Nucl Cardiol 17: 545-554.
39. Johnson NP, Gould KL (2005) Clinical evaluation of a new concept: resting myocardial perfusion heterogeneity quantified by markovian analysis of PET identifies coronary microvascular dysfunction and early atherosclerosis in 1, 034 subjects. J Nucl Med 46: 1427-1437.
40. Kaufmann PA, Rimoldi OE, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Luscher TF, Camici PG (2007) Systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition improves coronary flow reserve to adenosine in patients with significant stenoses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H2178-H2182.
41. 82)Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 20: 1060-1068.
42. Heijne M, Raijmakers PG, Harms HJ et al (2010) Coronary steal: revealing the diagnosis with quantitative cardiac PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol 17: 1118-1121.
43. Baller D, Notohamiprodjo G, Gleichmann U, Holzinger J, Weise R, Lehmann J (1999) Improvement in coronary flow reserve determined by positron emission tomography after 6 months of cholesterol-lowering therapy in patients with early stages of coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 99: 2871-2875.
44. Parkash R, deKemp RA, Ruddy TD et al (2004) Potential utility of rubidium 82 PET quantification in patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol 11: 440-449.
45. Ziadi MC, Dekemp RA, Williams K et al (2012) Does quantification of myocardial flow reserve using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography facilitate detection of multivessel coronary artery disease? J Nucl Cardiol 19: 670-680.
46. 13N-ammonia myocardial perfusion PET: added value of myocardial flow reserve. J Nucl Med 53: 1230-1234.
47. Maddahi J (2012) Properties of an ideal PET perfusion tracer: new PET tracer cases and data. J Nucl Cardiol 19(Suppl 1): S30-S37.
48. Berman DS, Maddahi J, Tamarappoo BK et al (2013) Phase II safety and clinical comparison with single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of coronary artery disease: flurpiridaz F 18 positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 61: 469-477.
49. Sherif HM, Nekolla SG, Saraste A et al (2011) Simplified quantification of myocardial flow reserve with flurpiridaz F 18: validation with microspheres in a pig model. J Nucl Med 52: 617-624.
50. Berman DS, Germano G, Slomka PJ (2012) Improvement in PET myocardial perfusion image quality and quantification with flurpiridaz F 18. J Nucl Cardiol 19(Suppl 1): S38-S45.
51. Woo J, Tamarappoo B, Dey D et al (2011) Automatic 3D registration of dynamic stress and rest (82)Rb and flurpiridaz F 18 myocardial perfusion PET data for patient motion detection and correction. Med Phys 38: 6313-6326.
52. Schinkel AF, Bax JJ, Poldermans D, Elhendy A, Ferrari R, Rahimtoola SH (2007) Hibernating myocardium: diagnosis and patient outcomes. Curr Probl Cardiol 32: 375-410.
53. Klein C, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM et al (2002) Assessment of myocardial viability with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison with positron emission tomography. Circulation 105: 162-167.
54. Slart RH, Bax JJ, van Veldhuisen DJ et al (2006) Prediction of functional recovery after revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction by gated FDG-PET. J Nucl Cardiol 13: 210-219.
55. Desideri A, Cortigiani L, Christen AI et al (2005) The extent of perfusion-F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography mismatch determines mortality in medically treated patients with chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 46: 1264-1269.
56. 18F-FDG PET: a comparative study of medical and surgical treatment. J Nucl Med 49: 1288-1298.
57. Santana CA, Faber TL, Soler-Peter M et al (2008) Prognostic performance of quantitative PET tools for stratification of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing myocardial viability assessment. Nucl Med Commun 29: 970-981.
58. Anagnostopoulos C, Georgakopoulos A, Pianou N, Nekolla SG (2013) Assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability by positron emission tomography. Int J Cardiol 167: 1737-1749.
59. Beanlands RSB, Ruddy TD, deKemp RA et al (2002) Positron emission tomography and recovery following revascularization (PARR-1): the importance of scar and the development of a prediction rule for the degree of recovery of left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 1735-1743.
60. Ling LF, Marwick TH, Flores DR et al (2013) Identification of therapeutic benefit from revascularization in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: inducible ischemia versus hibernating myocardium. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6: 363-372.
61. Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS et al (2004) Automatic quantification of myocardial perfusion stress-rest change: a new measure of ischemia. J Nucl Med 45: 183-191.
62. Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS et al (2005) Automated quantification of myocardial perfusion SPECT using simplified normal limits. J Nucl Cardiol 12: 66-77.
63. D'Egidio G, Nichol G, Williams KA et al (2009) Increasing benefit from revascularization is associated with increasing amounts of myocardial hibernation: a substudy of the PARR-2 trial. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2: 1060-1068.
64. Uebleis C, Hellweger S, Laubender RP et al (2013) The amount of dysfunctional but viable myocardium predicts long-term survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 29: 1645-1653.
65. 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose kinetic model in calculations of myocardial glucose metabolism during ischemia. J Nucl Med 24: 1060-1064.
66. Nienaber CA, Gambhir SS, Mody FV et al (1993) Regional myocardial blood flow and glucose utilization in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 87: 1580-1590.
67. Schon HR, Schelbert HR, Najafi A et al (1982) C- 11 labeled palmitic acid for the noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial fatty acid metabolism with positron-computed tomography. II. Kinetics of C-11 palmitic acid in acutely ischemic myocardium. Am Heart J 103: 548-561.
68. Brown MA, Myears DW, Bergmann SR (1988) Noninvasive assessment of canine myocardial oxidative metabolism with carbon-11 acetate and positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 12: 1054-1063.
69. Walsh MN, Geltman EM, Brown MA et al (1989) Noninvasive estimation of regional myocardial oxygen consumption by positron emission tomography with carbon-11 acetate in patients with myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med 30: 1798-1808.
70. Gropler RJ, Geltman EM, Sampathkumaran K et al (1993) Comparison of carbon-11-acetate with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose for delineating viable myocardium by positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 1587-1597.
71. Schwaiger M, Schelbert HR, Keen R et al (1985) Retention and clearance of C-11 palmitic acid in ischemic and reperfused canine myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 6: 311-320.
72. Schwaiger M, Schelbert HR, Ellison D et al (1985) Sustained regional abnormalities in cardiac metabolism after transient ischemia in the chronic dog model. J Am Coll Cardiol 6: 336-347.
73. 15)O-water in coronary artery disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4: 678-684.
74. Danad I, Raijmakers PG, Appelman YE et al (2013) Hybrid imaging using quantitative H215O PET and CT-based coronary angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med 54: 55-63.
75. Nakazato R, Dey D, Alexanderson E et al (2012) Automatic alignment of myocardial perfusion PET and 64-slice coronary CT angiography on hybrid PET/CT. J Nucl Cardiol 19: 482-491.
76. Maddahi J, Schelbert H, Brunken R, Di Carli M (1994) Role of thallium-201 and PET imaging in evaluation of myocardial viability and management of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. J Nucl Med 35: 707-715.
77. Vancraeynest D, Pasquet A, Roelants V, Gerber BL, Vanoverschelde JL (2011) Imaging the vulnerable plaque. J Am Coll Cardiol 57: 1961-1979.
78. 18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Circulation 105: 2708-2711.
79. Tatsumi M, Cohade C, Nakamoto Y, Wahl RL (2003) Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the aortic wall at PET/CT: possible finding for active atherosclerosis. Radiology 229: 831-837.
80. 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with suppression of myocardial uptake using a low-carbohydrate, high-fat preparation. J Nucl Med 50: 563-568.
81. Rogers IS, Nasir K, Figueroa AL et al (2010) Feasibility of FDG imaging of the coronary arteries: comparison between acute coronary syndrome and stable angina. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 3: 388-397.
82. 18F-FDG uptake by fusion of PET and coronary CT angiography at sites of percutaneous stenting for acute myocardial infarction and stable coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med 53: 575-583.
83. 18F-sodium fluoride uptake: a novel marker of plaque biology. J Am Coll Cardiol 59: 1539-1548.
84. Abdelbaky A, Corsini E, Figueroa AL et al (2013) Focal arterial inflammation precedes subsequent calcification in the same location: a longitudinal FDG-PET/CT study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6: 747-754.
85. Rogers IS, Tawakol A (2011) Imaging of coronary inflammation with FDG-PET: feasibility and clinical hurdles. Curr Cardiol Rep 13: 138-144.
86. 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography for identification of ruptured and high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a prospective clinical trial. Lancet 383: 705-713.
87. Panin VY, Kehren F, Michel C, Casey M (2006) Fully 3-D PET reconstruction with system matrix derived from point source measurements. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25: 907-921.
88. Bybee KA, Lee J, Markiewicz R et al (2010) Diagnostic and clinical benefit of combined coronary calcium and perfusion assessment in patients undergoing PET/CT myocardial perfusion stress imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 17: 188-196.
89. Arsanjani R, Xu Y, Dey D et al (2013) Improved accuracy of myocardial perfusion SPECT for detection of coronary artery disease by machine learning in a large population. J Nucl Cardiol 20: 553-562.
90. Zaidi H, Nkoulou R, Bond S et al (2013) Computed tomography calcium score scan for attenuation correction of N-13 ammonia cardiac positron emission tomography: effect of respiratory phase and registration method. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 29: 1351-1360.
91. Mylonas I, Kazmi M, Fuller L et al (2012) Measuring coronary artery calcification using positron emission tomography-computed tomography attenuation correction images. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 13: 786-792.
92. Kajander S, Ukkonen H, Sipilä H, Teräs M, Knuuti J (2009) Low radiation dose imaging of myocardial perfusion and coronary angiography with a hybrid PET/CT scanner. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 29: 81-88.
93. Kajander S, Joutsiniemi E, Saraste M et al (2010) Cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging accurately detects anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery disease. Circulation 122: 603-613.
94. Achenbach S, Goroll T, Seltmann M et al (2011) Detection of coronary artery stenoses by low-dose, prospectively ECG-triggered, high-pitch spiral coronary CT angiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 4: 328-337.
95. White JA, Rajchl M, Butler J, Thompson RT, Prato FS, Wisenberg G (2013) Active cardiac sarcoidosis: first clinical experience of simultaneous positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of cardiac disease. Circulation 127: e639-e641.
96. Martinez-Möller A, Zikic D, Botnar RM et al (2007) Dual cardiac-respiratory gated PET: implementation and results from a feasibility study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34: 1447-1454.
97. Büther F, Dawood M, Stegger L et al (2009) List mode-driven cardiac and respiratory gating in PET. J Nucl Med 50: 674-681.
98. Slomka PJ, Nishina H, Berman DS et al (2004) "Motion-frozen" display and quantification of myocardial perfusion. J Nucl Med 45: 1128-1134.