메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2107-2115

How do sex hormones modify arrhythmogenesis in long QT syndrome? Sex hormone effects on arrhythmogenic substrate and triggered activity

Author keywords

Adrenoceptors; Animal models; Ca2+ cycling proteins; Dispersion of cardiac repolarization; Early afterdepolarizations; Gender differences; Ion channels; Long QT syndrome; Mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis; Sex hormones

Indexed keywords

1 [2 (6 METHYL 2 PYRIDYL)ETHYL] 4 (4 METHYLSULFONYLAMINOBENZOYL)PIPERIDINE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; CALCIUM ION; ESTRADIOL; ION CHANNEL; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PROGESTERONE; SEX HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 84951574682     PISSN: 15475271     EISSN: 15563871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.06.023     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (92)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0037456807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of proarrhythmia with class III antiarrhythmic agents: sex-based differences and other issues
    • Wolbrette, D.L., Risk of proarrhythmia with class III antiarrhythmic agents: sex-based differences and other issues. Am J Cardiol 91 (2003), 39D–44D.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.91 , pp. 39D-44D
    • Wolbrette, D.L.1
  • 3
    • 0035857764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced QT prolongation in women during the menstrual cycle
    • Rodriguez, I., Kilborn, M.J., Liu, X.K., Pezzullo, J.C., Woosley, R.L., Drug-induced QT prolongation in women during the menstrual cycle. JAMA 285 (2001), 1322–1326.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1322-1326
    • Rodriguez, I.1    Kilborn, M.J.2    Liu, X.K.3    Pezzullo, J.C.4    Woosley, R.L.5
  • 4
    • 33847367059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long QT syndrome and pregnancy
    • Seth, R., Moss, A.J., McNitt, S., et al. Long QT syndrome and pregnancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007), 1092–1098.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 1092-1098
    • Seth, R.1    Moss, A.J.2    McNitt, S.3
  • 6
    • 10444262651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender difference in functional properties of Na,K-ATPase in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats
    • Vlkovicová, J., Javorková, V., Pechánová, O., Vrbjar, N., Gender difference in functional properties of Na,K-ATPase in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 76 (2005), 971–982.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.76 , pp. 971-982
    • Vlkovicová, J.1    Javorková, V.2    Pechánová, O.3    Vrbjar, N.4
  • 7
    • 77956178351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-related differences in ion-channel and transporter subunit expression in non-diseased human hearts
    • Gaborit, N., Varro, A., Le Boutier, S., Szuts, V., Escande, D., Nattel, S., Demolombe, S., Gender-related differences in ion-channel and transporter subunit expression in non-diseased human hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 49 (2010), 639–646.
    • (2010) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 639-646
    • Gaborit, N.1    Varro, A.2    Le Boutier, S.3    Szuts, V.4    Escande, D.5    Nattel, S.6    Demolombe, S.7
  • 8
    • 60549117507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-genomic regulation of cardiac ion channels by sex hormones
    • Furukawa, T., Kurokawa, J., Non-genomic regulation of cardiac ion channels by sex hormones. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 8 (2008), 245–251.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets , vol.8 , pp. 245-251
    • Furukawa, T.1    Kurokawa, J.2
  • 9
    • 45249101827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of oestradiol on the guinea pig and human IKr channels and drug-induced prolongation of cardiac repolarization
    • Kurokawa, J., Tamagawa, M., Harada, N., Honda, S., Bai, C.X., Nakaya, H., Furukawa, T., Acute effects of oestradiol on the guinea pig and human IKr channels and drug-induced prolongation of cardiac repolarization. J Physiol 586 (2008), 2961–2973.
    • (2008) J Physiol , vol.586 , pp. 2961-2973
    • Kurokawa, J.1    Tamagawa, M.2    Harada, N.3    Honda, S.4    Bai, C.X.5    Nakaya, H.6    Furukawa, T.7
  • 11
    • 0034213745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +-channel diversity in the mammalian myocardium
    • +-channel diversity in the mammalian myocardium. J Physiol 525 (2000), 285–298.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.525 , pp. 285-298
    • Nerbonne, J.M.1
  • 13
    • 79955684785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergic effects of β-estradiol and erythromycin on hERG currents
    • Ando, F., Kuruma, A., Kawano, S., Synergic effects of β-estradiol and erythromycin on hERG currents. J Membr Biol 241 (2011), 31–38.
    • (2011) J Membr Biol , vol.241 , pp. 31-38
    • Ando, F.1    Kuruma, A.2    Kawano, S.3
  • 15
    • 0037214495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo androgen treatment shortens the QT interval and increases the densities of inward and delayed rectifier potassium currents in orchiectomized male rabbits
    • Liu, X.K., Katchman, A., Whitfield, B.H., Wan, G., Janowski, E.M., Woosley, R.L., Ebert, S.N., In vivo androgen treatment shortens the QT interval and increases the densities of inward and delayed rectifier potassium currents in orchiectomized male rabbits. Cardiovasc Res 57 (2003), 28–36.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 28-36
    • Liu, X.K.1    Katchman, A.2    Whitfield, B.H.3    Wan, G.4    Janowski, E.M.5    Woosley, R.L.6    Ebert, S.N.7
  • 16
    • 0029794664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex hormones prolong the QT interval and downregulate potassium channel expression in the rabbit heart
    • Drici, M.D., Burklow, T.R., Haridasse, V., Glazer, R.I., Woosley, R.L., Sex hormones prolong the QT interval and downregulate potassium channel expression in the rabbit heart. Circulation 94 (1996), 1471–1474.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 1471-1474
    • Drici, M.D.1    Burklow, T.R.2    Haridasse, V.3    Glazer, R.I.4    Woosley, R.L.5
  • 17
    • 1942533450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol-induced expression of Na-K-ATPase catalytic isoforms in rat arteries: gender differences in activity mediated by nitric oxide donors
    • Palacios, J., Marusic, E.T., Lopez, N.C., Gonzalez, M., Michea, L., Estradiol-induced expression of Na-K-ATPase catalytic isoforms in rat arteries: gender differences in activity mediated by nitric oxide donors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286 (2004), H1793–H1800.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.286 , pp. H1793-H1800
    • Palacios, J.1    Marusic, E.T.2    Lopez, N.C.3    Gonzalez, M.4    Michea, L.5
  • 20
    • 77953764849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in mechanisms of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Farrell, S.R., Ross, J.L., Howlett, S.E., Sex differences in mechanisms of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 299 (2010), H36–H45.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.299 , pp. H36-H45
    • Farrell, S.R.1    Ross, J.L.2    Howlett, S.E.3
  • 22
    • 66349105333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone modulates cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) handling and contractile function
    • Curl, C.L., Delbridge, L.M., Canny, B.J., Wendt, I.R., Testosterone modulates cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) handling and contractile function. Physiol Res 58 (2009), 293–297.
    • (2009) Physiol Res , vol.58 , pp. 293-297
    • Curl, C.L.1    Delbridge, L.M.2    Canny, B.J.3    Wendt, I.R.4
  • 23
    • 33645022523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidences of the gender-related differences in cardiac repolarization and the underlying mechanisms in different animal species and human
    • Cheng, J., Evidences of the gender-related differences in cardiac repolarization and the underlying mechanisms in different animal species and human. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 20 (2006), 1–8.
    • (2006) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 1-8
    • Cheng, J.1
  • 24
    • 0034546344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long QT syndrome: cellular basis and arrhythmia mechanism in LQT2
    • January, C.T., Gong, Q., Zhou, Z., Long QT syndrome: cellular basis and arrhythmia mechanism in LQT2. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11 (2000), 1413–1438.
    • (2000) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.11 , pp. 1413-1438
    • January, C.T.1    Gong, Q.2    Zhou, Z.3
  • 27
    • 33748418315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory role of ovarian sex hormones in calcium uptake activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Bupha-Intr, T., Wattanapermpool, J., Regulatory role of ovarian sex hormones in calcium uptake activity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291 (2006), H1101–H1108.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.291 , pp. H1101-H1108
    • Bupha-Intr, T.1    Wattanapermpool, J.2
  • 28
    • 65649113668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone-augmented contractile responses to alpha1- and beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation are associated with increased activities of RyR, SERCA, and NCX in the heart
    • Tsang, S., Wong, S.S., Wu, S., Kravtsov, G.M., Wong, T.M., Testosterone-augmented contractile responses to alpha1- and beta1-adrenoceptor stimulation are associated with increased activities of RyR, SERCA, and NCX in the heart. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296 (2009), C766–C782.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.296 , pp. C766-C782
    • Tsang, S.1    Wong, S.S.2    Wu, S.3    Kravtsov, G.M.4    Wong, T.M.5
  • 29
    • 80052005807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crucial role of phospholamban phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation in the negative lusitropism induced by 17β-estradiol in the male rat heart
    • Filice, E., Angelone, T., De Francesco, E.M., Pellegrino, D., Maggiolini, M., Cerra, M.C., Crucial role of phospholamban phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation in the negative lusitropism induced by 17β-estradiol in the male rat heart. Cell Physiol Biochem 28 (2011), 41–52.
    • (2011) Cell Physiol Biochem , vol.28 , pp. 41-52
    • Filice, E.1    Angelone, T.2    De Francesco, E.M.3    Pellegrino, D.4    Maggiolini, M.5    Cerra, M.C.6
  • 30
    • 33746912380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of estrogen on calcium-handling proteins, beta-adrenergic receptors, and function in rat heart
    • Chu, S.H., Goldspink, P., Kowalski, J., Beck, J., Schwertz, D.W., Effect of estrogen on calcium-handling proteins, beta-adrenergic receptors, and function in rat heart. Life Sci 79 (2006), 1257–1267.
    • (2006) Life Sci , vol.79 , pp. 1257-1267
    • Chu, S.H.1    Goldspink, P.2    Kowalski, J.3    Beck, J.4    Schwertz, D.W.5
  • 32
    • 79951977055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional genomic regulation of cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger by oestrogen
    • Chen, G., Yang, X., Alber, S., Shusterman, V., Salama, G., Regional genomic regulation of cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger by oestrogen. J Physiol 589 (2011), 1061–1080.
    • (2011) J Physiol , vol.589 , pp. 1061-1080
    • Chen, G.1    Yang, X.2    Alber, S.3    Shusterman, V.4    Salama, G.5
  • 33
    • 34250673589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered Ca(2+) handling by ryanodine receptor and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange in the heart from ovariectomized rats: role of protein kinase A
    • Kravtsov, G.M., Kam, K.W., Liu, J., Wu, S., Wong, T.M., Altered Ca(2+) handling by ryanodine receptor and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange in the heart from ovariectomized rats: role of protein kinase A. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292 (2007), C1625–C1635.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.292 , pp. C1625-C1635
    • Kravtsov, G.M.1    Kam, K.W.2    Liu, J.3    Wu, S.4    Wong, T.M.5
  • 34
    • 80053201979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisphenol A and 17b-estradiol promote arrhythmia in the female heart via alteration of calcium handling
    • Yan, S., Chen, Y., Dong, M., Song, W., Belcher, S.M., Wang, H.S., Bisphenol A and 17b-estradiol promote arrhythmia in the female heart via alteration of calcium handling. PLoS One, 6, 2011, e25455.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. e25455
    • Yan, S.1    Chen, Y.2    Dong, M.3    Song, W.4    Belcher, S.M.5    Wang, H.S.6
  • 35
    • 0037370098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repolarization alternans: implications for the mechanism and prevention of sudden cardiac death
    • Walker, M.L., Rosenbaum, D.S., Repolarization alternans: implications for the mechanism and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Res 57 (2003), 599–614.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 599-614
    • Walker, M.L.1    Rosenbaum, D.S.2
  • 36
    • 0029100954 scopus 로고
    • The influence of 17-beta-oestradiol and the natural oestrous cycle on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated responses of the cardiovascular system in the rat
    • Austin, C., Chess-Williams, R., The influence of 17-beta-oestradiol and the natural oestrous cycle on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated responses of the cardiovascular system in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 47 (1995), 656–660.
    • (1995) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 656-660
    • Austin, C.1    Chess-Williams, R.2
  • 37
    • 84863275089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential conditions for early after-depolarizations and triggered activity in cardiomyocytes derived from transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbits
    • Liu, G.X., Choi, B.R., Ziv, O., Li, W., de Lange, E., Qu, Z., Koren, G., Differential conditions for early after-depolarizations and triggered activity in cardiomyocytes derived from transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbits. J Physiol 590 (2012), 1171–1180.
    • (2012) J Physiol , vol.590 , pp. 1171-1180
    • Liu, G.X.1    Choi, B.R.2    Ziv, O.3    Li, W.4    de Lange, E.5    Qu, Z.6    Koren, G.7
  • 39
    • 0037424330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors in ovariectomized rat hearts
    • Thawornkaiwong, A., Preawnim, S., Wattanapermpool, J., Upregulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors in ovariectomized rat hearts. Life Sci 72 (2003), 1813–1824.
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.72 , pp. 1813-1824
    • Thawornkaiwong, A.1    Preawnim, S.2    Wattanapermpool, J.3
  • 40
    • 1642322419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen reduces cardiac injury and expression of beta1-adrenoceptor upon ischemic insult in the rat heart
    • Kam, K.W., Qi, J.S., Chen, M., Wong, T.M., Estrogen reduces cardiac injury and expression of beta1-adrenoceptor upon ischemic insult in the rat heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309 (2004), 8–15.
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.309 , pp. 8-15
    • Kam, K.W.1    Qi, J.S.2    Chen, M.3    Wong, T.M.4
  • 41
    • 84860472660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender related alterations of β-adrenoceptor mechanisms in heart failure due to arteriovenous fistula
    • Dent, M.R., Tappia, P.S., Dhalla, N.S., Gender related alterations of β-adrenoceptor mechanisms in heart failure due to arteriovenous fistula. J Cell Physiol 227 (2012), 3080–3087.
    • (2012) J Cell Physiol , vol.227 , pp. 3080-3087
    • Dent, M.R.1    Tappia, P.S.2    Dhalla, N.S.3
  • 42
    • 35349025904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of spatial dispersion of repolarization in inherited and acquired sudden cardiac death syndromes
    • Antzelevitch, C., Role of spatial dispersion of repolarization in inherited and acquired sudden cardiac death syndromes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293 (2007), H2024–H2038.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.293 , pp. H2024-H2038
    • Antzelevitch, C.1
  • 43
    • 0032999081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + current: a potential mechanism of the proarrhythmic effects of methanesulfonanilide class III agents
    • + current: a potential mechanism of the proarrhythmic effects of methanesulfonanilide class III agents. Cardiovasc Res 43 (1999), 135–147.
    • (1999) Cardiovasc Res , vol.43 , pp. 135-147
    • Cheng, J.1    Kamiya, K.2    Liu, W.3    Tsuji, Y.4    Toyama, J.5    Kodama, I.6
  • 44
    • 0037083795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, hormones, and repolarization [review]
    • Pham, T.V., Rosen, M.R., Sex, hormones, and repolarization [review]. Cardiovasc Res 53 (2002), 740–751.
    • (2002) Cardiovasc Res , vol.53 , pp. 740-751
    • Pham, T.V.1    Rosen, M.R.2
  • 45
    • 43449088837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, age, and regional differences in L-type calcium current are important determinants of arrhythmia phenotype in rabbit hearts with drug-induced long QT type 2
    • Sims, C., Reisenweber, S., Viswanathan, P.C., Choi, B.R., Walker, W.H., Salama, G., Sex, age, and regional differences in L-type calcium current are important determinants of arrhythmia phenotype in rabbit hearts with drug-induced long QT type 2. Circ Res 102 (2008), e86–e100.
    • (2008) Circ Res , vol.102 , pp. e86-e100
    • Sims, C.1    Reisenweber, S.2    Viswanathan, P.C.3    Choi, B.R.4    Walker, W.H.5    Salama, G.6
  • 46
    • 84863062248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel via estrogen-receptor-α by a regional genomic mechanism in female rabbit hearts
    • 2+ channel via estrogen-receptor-α by a regional genomic mechanism in female rabbit hearts. J Physiol 590 (2012), 493–508.
    • (2012) J Physiol , vol.590 , pp. 493-508
    • Yang, X.1    Chen, G.2    Papp, R.3    Defranco, D.B.4    Zeng, F.5    Salama, G.6
  • 47
    • 0033034160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autonomic control of the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in anesthetized dogs
    • Takei, M., Sasaki, Y., Yonezawa, T., Lakhe, M., Aruga, M., Kiyosawa, K., The autonomic control of the transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in anesthetized dogs. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10 (1999), 981–989.
    • (1999) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.10 , pp. 981-989
    • Takei, M.1    Sasaki, Y.2    Yonezawa, T.3    Lakhe, M.4    Aruga, M.5    Kiyosawa, K.6
  • 48
    • 57349112336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics of anesthetic drugs in transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbits reveal genotype-specific differential effects on cardiac repolarization
    • Odening, K.E., Hyder, O., Chaves, L., Schofield, L., Brunner, M., Kirk, M., Zehender, M., Peng, X., Koren, G., Pharmacogenomics of anesthetic drugs in transgenic LQT1 and LQT2 rabbits reveal genotype-specific differential effects on cardiac repolarization. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295 (2008), H2264–H2272.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.295 , pp. H2264-H2272
    • Odening, K.E.1    Hyder, O.2    Chaves, L.3    Schofield, L.4    Brunner, M.5    Kirk, M.6    Zehender, M.7    Peng, X.8    Koren, G.9
  • 49
    • 45749137120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death in transgenic rabbits with long QT syndrome
    • Brunner, M., Peng, X., Liu, G.X., et al. Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death in transgenic rabbits with long QT syndrome. J Clin Invest 118 (2008), 2246–2259.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 2246-2259
    • Brunner, M.1    Peng, X.2    Liu, G.X.3
  • 50
    • 18244380076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex modulates the arrhythmogenic substrate in prepubertal rabbit hearts with long QT 2
    • Liu, T., Choi, B.R., Drici, M.D., Salama, G., Sex modulates the arrhythmogenic substrate in prepubertal rabbit hearts with long QT 2. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 16 (2005), 516–524.
    • (2005) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.16 , pp. 516-524
    • Liu, T.1    Choi, B.R.2    Drici, M.D.3    Salama, G.4
  • 51
    • 84864280342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent supplement of estradiol and progesterone reduces the cardiac sensitivity to D,L-sotalol-induced arrhythmias in ovariectomized rabbits
    • Cheng, J., Su, D., Ma, X., Li, H., Concurrent supplement of estradiol and progesterone reduces the cardiac sensitivity to D,L-sotalol-induced arrhythmias in ovariectomized rabbits. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 17 (2012), 208–214.
    • (2012) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther , vol.17 , pp. 208-214
    • Cheng, J.1    Su, D.2    Ma, X.3    Li, H.4
  • 53
    • 80053051796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation and gender-specific risk in type 2 long QT syndrome: implications for risk stratification for life-threatening cardiac events in patients with long QT syndrome
    • Migdalovich, D., Moss, A.J., Lopes, C.M., et al. Mutation and gender-specific risk in type 2 long QT syndrome: implications for risk stratification for life-threatening cardiac events in patients with long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm 8 (2011), 1537–1543.
    • (2011) Heart Rhythm , vol.8 , pp. 1537-1543
    • Migdalovich, D.1    Moss, A.J.2    Lopes, C.M.3
  • 54
    • 79959499716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of recurrent cardiac events after onset of menopause in women with congenital long-QT syndrome types 1 and 2
    • Buber, J., Mathew, J., Moss, A.J., et al. Risk of recurrent cardiac events after onset of menopause in women with congenital long-QT syndrome types 1 and 2. Circulation 123 (2011), 2784–2791.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 2784-2791
    • Buber, J.1    Mathew, J.2    Moss, A.J.3
  • 55
    • 0032499656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and sex-related differences in clinical manifestations in patients with congenital long-QT syndrome: findings from the International LQTS Registry
    • Locati, E.H., Zareba, W., Moss, A.J., et al. Age- and sex-related differences in clinical manifestations in patients with congenital long-QT syndrome: findings from the International LQTS Registry. Circulation 97 (1998), 2237–2244.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2237-2244
    • Locati, E.H.1    Zareba, W.2    Moss, A.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.