Divergence times, historical biogeography, and shifts in speciation rates of Myrtales

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Volumn 95, Issue , 2016, Pages 116-136

  Berger, Brent A ^a,b   Kriebel, Ricardo ^b   Spalink, Daniel ^b   Sytsma, Kenneth J ^b  

^a ST JOHN'S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

BAMM; BEAST; BioGeoBEARS; Diversification; Gondwana; Phylogenetics

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ANGIOSPERM; CLASSIFICATION; FOSSIL; GENETICS; LYTHRACEAE; MELASTOMATACEAE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MYRTACEAE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ONAGRACEAE; PHYLOGENY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SOUTH AMERICA; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION;

AFRICA; ANGIOSPERMS; BASE SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; FOSSILS; GENETIC SPECIATION; LYTHRACEAE; MELASTOMATACEAE; MYRTACEAE; ONAGRACEAE; PHYLOGENY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 84949426428     PISSN: 10557903     EISSN: 10959513     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (212)

1. Alfaro M.E., Santini F., Brock C., Alamillo H., Dornburg A., Rabosky D.L., Carnevale G., Harmon L.J. Nine exceptional radiations plus high turnover explain species diversity in jawed vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2009, 106:13410-13414.
2. Ali J.R., Aitchison J.C. Gondwana to Asia: plate tectonics, paleogeography and the biological connectivity of the Indian sub-continent from the Middle Jurassic through latest Eocene (166-35 Ma). Earth Sci. Rev. 2008, 88:145-166.
3. Alteker G., Dwarkadas S., Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F. Parallel Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Bioinformatics 2004, 20:407-415.
4. Ane C., Larget B., Baum D.A., Smith S.D., Rokas A. Bayesian estimation of concordance among gene trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2007, 24:412-426.
5. Antonelli A., Zizka A., Silvestro D., Scharn R., Cascales-Miñana B., Bacon C.D. An engine for global plant diversity: highest evolutionary turnover and emigration in the American tropics. Front. Genet. 2015, 6:130.
6. APGIII, 2009. An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161, 105-121.
7. Armstrong K.E., Stone G.N., Nicholls J.A., Valderrama E., Anderberg A.A., Smedmark J., Gautier L., Naciri Y., Milne R., Richardson J.E. Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae. Front. Genet. 2014, 5:362.
8. Axelrod D.I. Mesozoic paleogeography and early angiosperm history. Bot. Rev. 1970, 36:277-319.
9. Baker W.J., Couvreur T.L.P. Global biogeography and diversification of palms sheds light on the evolution of tropical lineages. I. Historical biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 2013, 40:274-285.
10. Barker N.P., Weston P.H., Rutschmann F., Sauquet H. Molecular dating of the "Gondwanan" plant family Proteaceae is only partially congruent with the timing of the break-up of Gondwana. J. Biogeogr. 2007, 34:2012-2027.
11. Baum D.A. Concordance trees, concordance factors, and the exploration of reticulate genealogy. Taxon 2007, 56:417-426.
12. Beardsell D.V., O'Brien S.P., Williams E.G., Know R.B., Calder D.M. Reproductive biology of Australian Myrtaceae. Austr. J. Bot. 1993, 41:511-526.
13. Beaulieu J.M., Tank D.C., Donoghue M.J. A Southern Hemisphere origin for campanulid angiosperms and traces of the break-up of Gondwana. BMC Evol. Biol. 2013, 13:80.
14. Bell C.D., Donoghue M.J. Dating the Dipsacales: comparing models, genes, and evolutionary implications. Am. J. Bot. 2005, 92:284-296.
15. Bell C.D., Soltis D.E., Soltis P.S. The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited. Am. J. Bot. 2010, 97:1296-1303.
16. Berger, B., 2012. Myrtales: Molecules, Mangroves and Metrosideros. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
17. Berry P.E., Skvarla J.J., Partridge A.D., Macphail M.K. Fuchsia pollen from the Tertiary of Australia. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1990, 3:739-744.
18. Berry P.E., Hahn W.J., Sytsma K.J., Hall J.C., Mast A. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data. Am. J. Bot. 2004, 94:601-614.
19. Biffin E., Lucas E., Craven L., Ribeiro da Costa I., Harrington M., Crisp M. Evolution of exceptional species richness among lineages of fleshy-fruited Myrtaceae. Ann. Bot. 2010, 106:79-93.
20. Bolmgren K., Eriksson O. Seed mass and the evolution of fleshy fruits in angiosperms. Oikos 2010, 119:707-718.
21. Boltenhagen E. Pollens et Spores Senoniens du Gabon. Cahiers Micropaleontol. 1976, 3:1-21.
22. Bonneville A., Barriot J.P., Bayer R. Evidence from geoid data of a hotspot origin for the southern Mascarene Plateau and Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean). J. Geophys. Res. 1988, 93(B5):4199-4212.
23. Buchmann S.L. Buzz pollination in angiosperms. Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology 1983, 73-113. van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., New York. C.E. Jones, R.J. Little (Eds.).
24. Buerki S., Forest F., Alvarez N., Nylander J.A.A., Arrigo N., Sanmartín I. An evaluation of new parsimony-based versus parametric inference methods in biogeography: a case study using the globally distributed plant family Sapindaceae. J. Biogeogr. 2010, 38:531-550.
25. Buerki S., Forest F., Alvarez N. An evaluation of new parsimony-based versus parametric inference methods in biogeography: a case study using the globally distributed plant family Sapindaceae. J. Biogeogr. 2011, 38:531-550.
26. Bukontaite R., Miller K.B., Bergsten J. The utility of CAD in recovering Gondwanan vicariance events and the evolutionary history of Aciliini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). BMC Evol. Biol. 2014, 14:5.
27. Bult C.J., Zimmer E.A. Nuclear ribosomal RNA sequences for inferring tribal relationships within Onagraceae. Syst. Bot. 1993, 18:48-63.
28. Byrne M., Yeates D.K., Joseph L., Kearney M., Bowler J., Williams M.A.J., Cooper S., Donnellan S.C., Keogh J.S., Leys R., Melville J., Murphy D.J., Porch N., Wyrwoll K.-H. Birth of a biome: insights into the assembly and maintenance of the Australian arid zone biota. Mol. Ecol. 2008, 17:4398-4417.
29. Cardinal-McTeague W.M., Sytsma K.J., Hall J.C. Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: a 103 million year old tale. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2015, (unpublished).
30. Chacón J., Renner S.S. Assessing model sensitivity in ancestral area reconstruction using Lagrange: a case study using the Colchicaceae family. J. Biogeogr. 2014, 41:1414-1427.
31. Chatterjee S., Goswami A., Scotese C.R. The longest voyage: tectonic, magmatic, and paleoclimatic evolution of the Indian plate during its northward flight from Gondwana to Asia. Gondwana Res. 2013, 23:238-267.
32. Chenoweth L.B., Schwarz M.P. Biogeographical origins and diversification of the exoneurine allodapine bees of Australis (Hymenoptera, Apidae). J. Biogeogr. 2011, 38:1471-1483.
33. Christenhusz M.J., Chase M.W. Biogeographical patterns of plants in the Neotropics - dispersal rather than plate tectonics is most explanatory. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 2013, 171:277-286.
34. Clausing G., Renner S.S. Molecular phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: implications for character evolution. Am. J. Bot. 2001, 88:486-498.
35. Conti E., Fischbach A., Sytsma K.J. Tribal relationships in Onagraceae: implications from rbcL sequence data. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1993, 80:672-685.
36. Conti E., Litt A., Sytsma K.J. Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other rosids: evidence from rbcL sequence data. Am. J. Bot. 1996, 83:221-233.
37. Conti E., Litt A., Wilson P.G., Graham S.A., Briggs B.G., Johnson L.A.S., Sytsma K.J. Interfamilial relationships in Myrtales: molecular phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. Syst. Bot. 1997, 22:629-647.
38. Conti E., Eriksson T., Schönenberger J., Sytsma K.J., Baum D.A. Early Tertiary "Out-of-India" dispersal of Crypteroniaceae: evidence from phylogeny and molecular dating. Evolution 2002, 56:1931-1942.
39. Conti E., Rutschmann F., Eriksson T., Sytsma K.J., Baum D.A. Calibration of molecular clocks and the biogeographic history of Crypteroniaceae: a reply to Moyle. Evolution 2004, 58:1874-1876.
40. Cook L.G., Crisp M.D. Not so ancient: the extant crown group of Nothofagus represents a post-Gondwanan radiation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2005, 272:2535-2544.
41. Couper R.A. New Zealand Mesozoic and Cainozoic Plant Microfossils 1960, R.E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
42. Cracraft J. Deep-history biogeography: retrieving the historical pattern of evolving continental biotas. Syst. Zool. 1988, 37:221-236.
43. Crisp M.D., Cook L.G. How was the Australian flora assembled over the last 65 million years? A molecular phylogenetic perspective. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2013, 44:303-324.
44. Crisp M.D., Arroyo M.T.K., Cook L.G., Gandolfo M.A., Jordan G.J., Mcglone M.S., Weston P.H., Westoby M., Wilf P., Linder P.H. Phylogenetic biome conservatism on a global scale. Nature 2009, 458:754-756.
45. Crisp M.D., Trewick S.A., Cook L.G. Hypothesis testing in biogeography. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2011, 26:66-72.
46. Dahlgren R., Thorne R. The order Myrtales: circumscription, variation, and relationships. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1984, 71:633-699.
47. Darriba D., Taboada G.L., Doallo R., Posada D. JModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nat. Methods 2012, 9(8):772.
48. Davis C.C., Bell C.D., Mathews S., Donoghue M.J. Laurasian migration explains Gondwanan disjunctions: evidence from Malpighiaceae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2002, 99:6833-6837.
49. Davis C.C., Webb C.O., Wurdack K.J., Jaramillo C.A., Donoghue M.J. Explosive radiation of Malpighiales supports a mi-Cretaceous origin of modern tropical rain forests. Am. Nat. 2005, 165:E36-E65.
50. Davis C.C., Xi Z., Mathews S. Plastid phylogenomics and green plant phylogeny: almost full circle but not quite there. BMC Biol. 2014, 12:1-4.
51. De Luca P.A., Vallejo-Marín M. What's the "buzz" about? The ecology and evolutionary significance of buzz-pollination. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2013, 16:429-435.
52. de Queiroz A. The resurrection of oceanic dispersal in historical biogeography. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2005, 20:68-73.
53. Deng J.-B., Drew B.T., Mavrodiev E.V., Gitzendanner M.A., Soltis P.S., Soltis D.E. Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of the angiosperm family Saxifragaceae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2015, 83:86-98.
54. Donoghue M.J., Edwards E.J. Biome shifts and niche evolution in plants. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2014, 45:547-572.
55. Drew B.T., Sytsma K.J. Phylogenetics, biogeography, and staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae). Am. J. Bot. 2012, 99:933-953.
56. Drummond A.J., Ho S.Y.W., Phillips M.J., Rambaut A. Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence. PLoS Biol. 2006, 4:e88.
57. Drummond A.J., Suchard M.A., Xie D., Rambaut A. Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2012, 29:1969-1973.
58. Edwards S.V., Boles W.E. Out of Gondwana: the origin of passerine birds. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2002, 17:347-349.
59. Fiz O., Varga P., Alarcón M., Aedo C., García J.L., Aldasoro J.J. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Geraniaceae in relation to climate changes and pollination ecology. Syst. Bot. 2008, 33:326-342.
60. Forster P.I. Notes on Dansiea Byrnes and Macropteranthes F. Muell. (Combretaceae). Austrobaileya 1994, 4:149-153.
61. Friedman M., Keck B.P., Dornburg A., Eytan R.I., Martin C.H., Hulsey C.D., Wainwright P.C., Near T.J. Molecular and fossil evidence place the origin of cichlid fishes long after Gondwanan rifting. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2013, 280:20131733.
62. Friis E.M., Pedersen K.R., Crane P.R. Esgueiria gen. nov., fossil flowers with combretaceous features from the Late Cretaceous of Portugal. Biol. Skrift. 1992, 41:1-45.
63. Gadek P.A., Wilson P.G., Quinn C.J. Phylogenetic reconstruction in Myrtaceae using matK, with particular reference to the position of Psiloxylon and Heteropyxis. Aust. Syst. Bot. 1996, 9:283-290.
64. Gallaher T., Callmander M.W., Buerki S., Keeley S.C. A long distance dispersal hypothesis for the Pandanaceae and the origins of the Pandanus tectorius complex. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2014, 83:20-32.
65. Gamble T., Bauer A.M., Colli G.R., Greenbaum E., Jackman T.R., Vitt L.J., Simons A.M. Coming to America: multiple origins of New World geckos. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:231-244.
66. Gandolfo M.A., Hermsen E.J., Zamaloa M.C., Nixon K.C., González C.C., Wilf P., Cúneo N.R., Johnson K.R. Oldest known Eucalyptus macrofossils are from South America. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e21084.
67. Gere, J., 2014. Combretaceae: Phylogeny, Biogeography and DNA Barcoding. Ph.D. (Botany), University of Johannesburg. (accessed 26.08.14) (Unpublished). https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za.
68. Givnish T.J., Renner S.S. Tropical intercontinental disjunctions: Gondwana breakup, immigration from the boreotropics, and transoceanic dispersal. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2004, 165:S1-S6.
69. Givnish T.J., Evans T.M., Zjhra M.L., Berry P.E., Sytsma K.J. Molecular evolution, adaptive radiation, and geographic diversification in the amphiatlantic family Rapateaceae: evidence from ndhF sequence data. Evolution 2000, 54:1915-1937.
70. Givnish T.J., Millam K.C., Evans T.M., Hall J.C., Pires J.C., Berry P.E., Sytsma K.J. Ancient vicariance or recent long-distance dispersal? Inferences about phylogeny and South American-African disjunctions in Rapateaceae and Bromeliaceae based on ndhF sequence data. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2004, 165:S35-S54.
71. Givnish T.J., Millam K.C., Mast A.R., Paterson T.B., Theim T.J., Hipp A.L., Henss J.M., Smith J.F., Wood K.R., Sytsma K.J. Origin, adaptive radiation, and diversification of the Hawaiian lobeliads (Asterales: Campanulaceae). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2009, 276:407-416.
72. Givnish T.J., Barfuss M.H.J., Van Ee B., Riina R., Schulte K., Horres R., Gonsiska P.A., Jabaily R.S., Crayn D.M., Smith J.A.C., Winter K., Brown G.K., Evans T.M., Holst B.K., Luther H., Till W., Zizka G., Berry P.E., Sytsma K.J. Adaptive radiation, correlated and contingent evolution, and net species diversification in Bromeliaceae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2014, 71:55-78.
73. Goldenberg R., de Fraga C.N., Fontana A.P., Nicolas A.N., Michelangeli F.A. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Merianthera (Melastomataceae). Taxon 2012, 61:1040-1056.
74. Graham S.A. Fossil records in the Lythraceae. Bot. Rev. 2013, 28:410-420.
75. Graham A., Graham S.A. Geologic history of Lythraceae. Brittonia 1971, 23:335-346.
76. Graham S.A., Graham A. Ovary, fruit, and seed morphology of the Lythraceae. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2014, 175:202-240.
77. Graham S.A., Hall J.C., Sytsma K.J., Shi S. Phylogenetic analysis of the Lythraceae based on four gene regions and morphology. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2005, 166:995-1017.
78. Grímsson F., Zetter R., Hofmann C.-C. Lythrum and Peplis from the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic of North America and Eurasia: new evidence suggesting early diversification within the Lythraceae. Am. J. Bot. 2011, 98:1801-1815.
79. Guindon S., Gascuel O. A simple, fast and accurate method to estimate large phylogenies by maximum-likelihood. Syst. Biol. 2003, 52:696-704.
80. Gunnell G.F., Simmons N.B. Fossil evidence and the origin of bats. J. Mammal. Evol. 2005, 12:209-246.
81. Haddrath O., Baker A.J. Complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences of extinct birds: ratite phylogenetics and the vicariance biogeography hypothesis. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2001, 268:939-945.
82. Hallam A. An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography 1994, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
83. Hantke R., Scheidegger A.E. Morphotectonics of the Mascarene Islands. Ann. Geofis. 1998, 41:165-181.
84. Heads M. Old taxa on young islands: a critique of the use of island age to date island-endemic clades and calibrate phylogenies. Syst. Biol. 2011, 60:204-218.
85. Hickey J.L. Stratigraphy and Palaeobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota 1977, Geological Society of America, Memoir 150, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
86. Hodgkison R., Balding S.T., Zubaid A., Kunz T.H. Fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as seed dispersers and pollinators in a lowland Malaysian rain forest. Biotropica 2003, 35:491-502.
87. Huang Y., Shi S. Phylogenetics of Lythraceae sensu lato: a preliminary analysis based on chloroplast rbcL gene, psaA-ycf3 spacer, and nuclear rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2002, 163:215-225.
88. Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F.R. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 2001, 17:754-755.
89. Jaramillo C., Ochoa D., Contreras L., Pagani M., Carvajal-Ortiz H., Pratt L.M., Krishnan S., Cardona A., Romero M., Quiroz L., Rodriguez G., Rueda M.J., de la Parra F., Morón S., Green W., Bayona G., Montes C., Quintero O., Ramirez R., Mora G., Schouten S., Bermudez H., Navarrete R., Parra F., Alvarán M., Osorno J., Crowley J.L., Valencia V., Vervoort J. Effects of rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary on neotropical vegetation. Science 2010, 330:957-961.
90. Jian S., Soltis P.S., Gitzendanner M.A., Moore M.J., Li R., Hendry T.A., Qiu Y.-L., Dhingra A., Bell C.D., Soltis D.E. Resolving an ancient, rapid radiation in Saxifragales. Syst. Bot. 2008, 57:38-57.
91. Johnson L.A.S., Briggs B.G. Myrtales and Myrtaceae - a phylogenetic analysis. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1984, 71:700-756.
92. Jokat W., Boebel T., König M., Meyer U. Timing and geometry of early Gondwana breakup. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2428.
93. Jordaan M., Van Wyk A.E., Maurin O. Generic status of Quisqualis (Combretaceae), with notes on the taxonomy and distribution of Q. parviflora. Bothalia 2011, 41:161-169.
94. Katoh K., Toh H. Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Br. Bioinform. 2008, 9:286-298.
95. Kearse M., Moir R., Wilson A., Stones-Havas S., Cheung M., Sturrock S., Buxton S., Cooper A., Markowitz S., Duran C., Thierer T., Ashton B., Mentjies P., Drummond A. Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 2012, 28:1647-1649.
96. Kissling W.D., Eiserhardt W.L., Baker W.J., Borchsenius F., Couvreur T.L.P., Balslev H., Svenning J.-C. Cenozoic imprints on the phylogenetic structure of palm species assemblages worldwide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2012, 109:7379-7384.
97. Knapp M., Stöckler K., Havell D., Delsuc F., Sebastiani F., Lockhart P.J. Relaxed molecular clock provides evidence for long-distance dispersal of Nothofagus (southern beech). PLoS Biol. 2005, 3:e14.
98. Kooyman R.M., Wilf P., Barreda V.D., Carpenter R.J., Jordan G.J., Sniderman J.M.K., Allen A., Brodribb T.J., Crayn D., Feild T.S., Laffan S.W., Lusk C.H., Rossetto M., Weston P.H. Paleo-Antarctic rainforest into the modern Old World tropics: the rich past and threatened future of the "southern wet forest survivors". Am. J. Bot. 2014, 101:2121-2135.
99. Korall P., Pryer K.M. Global biogeography of scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae): evidence for Gondwanan vicariance and limited transoceanic dispersal. J. Biogeogr. 2013, 41:402-413.
100. Kriebel, R., Berger, B., Spalink, D., Reginato, M., Sytsma, K.J., 2015. The evolution of shape and size in the pollen of Myrtales. In: Abstract of Talk Given in July 2015 at Botany 2015, Edmonton, Alberta - Symposium on Morphospaces, Morphometrics, and Phylogenetics.
101. Ladiges P., Udovicic F., Nelson G. Australian biogeographical connections and the phylogeny of large genera in the plant family Myrtaceae. J. Biogeogr. 2003, 30:989-998.
102. Larget B.R., Kotha S.K., Dewey C.N., Ane C. BUCKy: gene tree/species tree reconciliation with Bayesian Concordance Analysis. Bioinformatics 2010, 26:2910-2911.
103. Lavin M., Luckow M. Origins and relationships of tropical North America in the context of the Boreotropics Hypothesis. Am. J. Bot. 1993, 80:1-14.
104. Le Pechon T., Dai Q., Zhang L.B., Gao X.-F., Sauquet H. Diversification of Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae) in the Mascarenes: old taxa on young islands?. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2015, 176:211-221.
105. Lee D.E., Conran J.G., Bannister J.M., Kaulfuss U., Mildenhall D.C. A fossil Fuchsia (Onagraceae) flower and an anther mass with in situ pollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand. Am. J. Bot. 2013, 100:2052-2065.
106. Levin R.A., Wagner W.L., Hoch P.C., Nepokroeff M., Pires J.C., Zimmer E.A., Sytsma K.J. Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF data. Am. J. Bot. 2003, 90:107-115.
107. Levin R.A., Wagner W.L., Hahn W.J., Hoch P.C., Baum D.A., Katinas L., Zimmer E.A., Sytsma K.J. Paraphyly in tribe Onagreae: insights into phylogenetic relationships of Onagraceae based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence DNA. Syst. Bot. 2004, 29:147-164.
108. Linder H.P., Rabosky D.L., Antonelli A., Wüest R.O., Ohlemüller R. Disentangling the influence of climatic and geological changes on species radiations. J. Biogeogr. 2014, 41:1313-1325.
109. Litt, A., 1999. Floral Morphology and Phylogeny of Vochysiaceae. Ph.D. Dissertation, City University of New York.
110. Litt A. Floral development and morphology of Vochysiaceae. II. The position of the single fertile stamen. Am. J. Bot. 2003, 90:1548-1559.
111. Litt A., Stevenson D. Floral development and morphology of Vochysiaceae. I. The structure of the gynoecium. Am. J. Bot. 2003, 90:1533-1547.
112. Lucas E.J., Belsham S.R., Lughadha E.M.N., Orlovich D.A., Sakuragui C.M., Chase M.W., Wilson P.G. Phylogenetic patterns in the fleshy-fruited Myrtaceae - preliminary molecular evidence. Plant Syst. Evol. 2005, 251:35-51.
113. Luo A., Qiao H., Zhang Y., Shi W., Ho S.Y.W., Xu W., Zhang A., Zhu C. Performance of criteria for selecting evolutionary models in phylogenetics: a comprehensive study based on simulated datasets. BMC Evol. Biol. 2010, 10:242.
114. Magallón S. Using fossils to break long branches in molecular dating: a comparison of relaxed clocks applied to the origin of angiosperms. Syst. Biol. 2010, 59:384-399.
115. Magallón S., Castillo A. Angiosperm diversification through time. Am. J. Bot. 2009, 96:349-365.
116. Magallón S., Sanderson M.J. Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades. Evolution 2001, 55:1762-1780.
117. Magallón S., Crane P.R., Herendeen P.S. Phylogenetic pattern, diversity, and diversification of eudicots. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1999, 86:297-372.
118. Magallón S., Gómez-Acevedo S., Sánchez-Reyes L.L., Hernández-Hernández T. A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity. New Phytol. 2015, 10.1111/nph.13264.
119. Manchester S.R., O'Leary E.L. Phylogenetic distribution and identification of fin-winged fruits. Bot. Rev. 2010, 76:1-82.
120. Mao K., Milne R.I., Zhang L., Peng Y., Liu J., Thomas P., Mill R.R., Renner S.S. Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2012, 109:7793-7798.
121. Martins A.C., Melo G., Renner S.S. The honeybee/bumblebee lineage diverged from New World oil-collecting bees: implications for the origin of pollen baskets. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2014, 80:88-94.
122. Matzke N.J. Probabilistic historical biogeography: new models for founder-event speciation, imperfect detection, and fossils allow improved accuracy and model-testing. Front. Biogeogr. 2013, 4:242-247.
123. Matzke N.J. Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in island clades. Syst. Biol. 2014, 10.1093/sysbio/syu056.
124. Maurin O., Chase M.W., Jordaan M., van der Bank M. Phylogenetic relationships of Combretaceae inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data: implications for generic classification. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 2010, 162:453-476.
125. McElwain J., Punyasena S. Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record. TREE 2007, 22:548-557.
126. McGuire J.A., Witt C.C., Remsen J.V., Corl A., Rabosky D.L., Altshuler D.L., Dudley R. Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds. Curr. Biol. 2014, 24:910-916.
127. McLoughlin S. The breakup history of Gondwana and its impact on pre-Cenozoic, floristic provincialism. Aust. J. Bot. 2001, 49:271-300.
128. Miller, M.A., Holder, M.T., Vos, R., Midford, P.E., Liebowitz, T., Chan, L., Hoover, P., Warnow, T., 2010. The CIPRES Portals. http://www.phylo.org.
129. Moore M.J., Soltis P.S., Bell C.D., Burleigh J.G., Soltis D.E. Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2010, 107:4623-4628.
130. Morley R., Dick C. Missing fossils, molecular clocks, and the origin of the Melastomataceae. Am. J. Bot. 2003, 90:1638-1644.
131. Morris, J., 2007. A Molecular Phylogeny of the Lythraceae and Inference of the Evolution of Heterostyly. Ph.D. Dissertation, Kent State University, Ohio.
132. Muller J. Note on the pollen morphology of Crypteroniaceae s.l. Blumea 1975, 22:275-294.
133. Muller J. Fossil pollen records of extant angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 1981, 47:1-142.
134. Müller S., Salomo K., Salazar J., Naumann J., Jaramillo M.A., Neinhuis C., Feild T.S., Wanke S. Intercontinental long-distance dispersal of Canellaceae from the New to the Old World revealed by a nuclear single copy gene and chloroplast loci. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2015, 84:205-219.
135. Murienne J., Daniels S.R., Buckley T.R., Mayer G., Giribet G. A living fossil tale of Pangaean biogeography. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2013, 281:20132648.
136. Murphy W.J., Eizirik E., O'Brien S.J., Madsen O., Scally M., Douady C.J., Teeling E., Ryder O.A., Stanhope M.J., de Jong W.W., Springer M.S. Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics. Science 2001, 294:2348-2351.
137. Nowak M.D., Haller B.C., Yoder A.D. The founding of Mauritian endemic coffee trees by a synchronous long-distance dispersal event. J. Evol. Biol. 2014, 27:1229-1239.
138. O'Leary M.A., Bloch J.I., Flynn J.J., Gaudin T.J., Giallombardo A., Giannini N.P., Goldberg S.L., Kraatz B.P., Luo Z.-X., Meng J., Ni X., Novacek M.J., Perini F.A., Randall Z.S., Rougier G.W., Sargis E.J., Silcox M.T., Simmons N.B., Spaulding M., Velazco P.M., Weksler M., Wible J.R., Cirranello A.L. The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals. Science 2013, 339:6621-6667.
139. Onstein R.E., Carter R.J., Xing Y., Linder H.P. Diversification rate shifts in the Cape Floristic Region: the right traits in the right place at the right time. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2014, 16:331-340.
140. Palazzesi L., Gottschling M., Barreda V., Weigend M. First Miocene fossils of Vivianiaceae shed new light on phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of Geraniales. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2012, 107:67-85.
141. Panero J.L., Freire S.E., Ariza Espinar L., Crozier B.S., Barboza G.E., Cantero J.J. Resolution of deep nodes yields an improved backbone phylogeny and a new basal lineage to study early evolution of Asteraceae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2014, 80:43-53.
142. Pitman W.C., Cande S., LaBrecque J., Pindell J. Fragmentation of Gondwana: the separation of Africa from South America. Biological Relationships between Africa and South America 1993, 15-34. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. P. Goldblatt (Ed.).
143. Plummer M., Best N., Cowles K., Vines K. CODA: convergence diagnosis and output analysis for MCMC. R News 2006, 6:7-11.
144. Proença C.E.B. Buzz-pollination - older and more widespread than we think?. J. Trop. Ecol. 1992, 8:115-120.
145. Quirk J.T. Wood anatomy of the Vochysiaceae. IAWA J. 1980, 1:172-179.
146. R Development Core Team, 2014. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/.
147. Rabosky D.L. Automatic detection of key innovations, rate shifts, and diversity-dependence on phylogenetic trees. PLoS ONE 2014, 9:e89543.
148. Rabosky D.L., Grundler M., Anderson C., Title P., Shi J.J., Brown J.W., Huang H., Larson J.G. BAMMtools: an R package for the analysis of evolutionary dynamics on phylogenetic trees. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2014, 5:701-707.
149. Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D., Drummond, A.J., 2014. Tracer v1.6. http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.
150. Raven P.H. Onagraceae as a model of plant evolution. Plant Evolutionary Biology: A Symposium Honoring G. Ledyard Stebbins 1988, 85-107. Chapman and Hall, London, UK. L.D. Gottlieb, S.K. Jain (Eds.).
151. Raven P.H., Axelrod D.I. Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1974, 61:539-673.
152. Ree R.H., Smith S.A. Maximum likelihood inference of geographic range evolution by dispersal, local extinction, and cladogenesis. Syst. Biol. 2008, 57:4-14.
153. Ree R.H., Moore B.R., Webb C.O., Donoghue M.J. A likelihood framework for inferring the evolution of geographic range on phylogenetic trees. Evolution 2005, 59:2299-2311.
154. Renner S.S. A survey of reproductive biology in Neotropical Melastomataceae and Memycelaceae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1989, 76:496-518.
155. Renner S.S. Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae. Nord. J. Bot. 1993, 13:519-540.
156. Renner S.S. Bayesian analysis of combined chloroplast loci, using multiple calibrations, supports the recent arrival of Melastomataceae in Africa and Madagascar. Am. J. Bot. 2004, 91:1427-1435.
157. Renner S.S., Clausing G., Meyer K. Historical biogeography of Melastomataceae: the roles of Tertiary migration and long-distance dispersal. Am. J. Bot. 2001, 88:1290-1300.
158. Renner S.S., Strijk J.S., Strasberg D., Thebaud C. Biogeography of the Monimiaceae (Laurales): a role for East Gondwana and long-distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana. J. Biogeogr. 2010, 37:1227-1238.
159. Revell L.J. Phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Meth. Ecol. Evol. 2012, 3:217-223.
160. Ronquist F., Huelsenbeck J.P. MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 2003, 19:1572-1574.
161. Rosen D. Vicariant patterns and historical explanations in biogeography. Syst. Zool. 1978, 27:159-188.
162. Rowe D.L., Dunn K.A., Adkins R.M., Honeycutt R.L. Molecular clocks keep dispersal hypotheses afloat: evidence for trans-Atlantic rafting by rodents. J. Biogeogr. 2010, 37:305-324.
163. Ruhfel B.R., Gitzendanner M.A., Soltis P.S., Soltis D.E., Burleigh J.G. From algae to angiosperms - inferring the phylogeny of green plants (Viridiplantae) from 360 plastid genomes. BMC Evol. Biol. 2014, 14:23.
164. Rutschmann F., Eriksson T., Conti E. Did Crypteroniaceae really disperse out-of-India? Molecular dating evidence from rbcL, ndhF, and rpl16 intron sequences. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2004, 165:569-583.
165. Rutschmann F., Eriksson T., Salim K.A., Conti E. Assessing calibration uncertainty in molecular dating: the assignment of fossils to alternative calibration points. Syst. Biol. 2007, 56:591-608.
166. Sanderson M.J. Estimating absolute rates of molecular evolution and divergence times: a penalized likelihood approach. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2002, 19:101-109.
167. Sanderson M.J., McMahon M.M., Steel M. Phylogenomics with incomplete taxon coverage: the limits to inference. BMC Evol. Biol. 2010, 10:155.
168. Sanmartín I., Ronquist F. Southern Hemisphere biogeography inferred by event-based models: plant versus animal patterns. Syst. Biol. 2004, 53:216-243.
169. Schönenberger J., Conti E. Molecular phylogeny and floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, and Alzateaceae (Myrtales). Am. J. Bot. 2003, 90:293-309.
170. Schönenberger J., Anderberg A.A., Sytsma K.J. Molecular phylogenetics and patterns of floral evolution in the Ericales. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2005, 166:265-288.
171. Scotese, C.R., 1998. Quicktime Computer Animations, PALEOMAP Project, Department of Geology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.
172. Scotese C.R., Gahagan L.M., Larson R.L. Plate tectonic reconstructions of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic ocean basins. Tectonophysics 1988, 155:27-48.
173. Sequeira A.S., Farrell B.D. Evolutionary origins of Gondwanan interactions: how old are Araucaria beetle herbivores?. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2001, 74:459-474.
174. Sessa E.B., Zimmer E.A., Givnish T.J. Phylogeny, divergence times, and historical biogeography of New World Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae). Am. J. Bot. 2012, 99:730-750.
175. Smith A.C. Angiosperm evolution and the relationship of the floras of Africa and America. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review 1973, 49-61. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. B.J. Meggers, E.S. Ayensu, W.D. Duckworth (Eds.).
176. Smith S.A., Beaulieu J.M., Donoghue M.J. An uncorrelated relaxed-clock analysis suggests an earlier origin for flowering plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2010, 107:5897-5902.
177. Smith S.A., Beaulieu J.M., Stamatakis A., Donoghue M.J. Understanding angiosperm diversification using small and large phylogenetic trees. Am. J. Bot. 2011, 98:404-414.
178. Soltis D.E., Smith S.A., Cellinese N., Wurdack K.J., Tank D.C., Brockington S.F., Refulio-Rodriguez N.F., Walker J.B., Moore M.J., Carlsward B.S., Bell C.D., Latvis M., Crawley S., Black C., Diouf D., Xi Z., Gitzendanner M.A., Sytsma K.J., Qui Y.-L., Hilu K.W., Davis C.C., Sanderson M.J., Olmstead R.G., Judd W.S., Donoghue M.J., Soltis P.S. Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa. Am. J. Bot. 2011, 98:704-730.
179. Stace C.A. Combretaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 2007, vol. 9:67-82. Springer, Berlin.
180. Stevens, P.F., 2001 (onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 (and More or Less Continuously Updated Since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/.
181. Sulman J., Drew B.T., Drummond C., Hayasaka E., Sytsma K.J. Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of Sparganium (Typhaceae): diversification of a widespread, aquatic lineage. Am. J. Bot. 2013, 100:2023-2039.
182. Swenson U., Hill R.S., McLoughlin S. Biogeography of Nothofagus supports the sequence of Gondwana break-up. Taxon 2001, 50:1025-1041.
183. Sytsma K.J., Litt A., Zjhra M.L., Pires J.C., Nepokroeff M., Conti E., Walker J., Wilson P.G. Clades, clocks, and continents: historical and biogeographical analysis of Myrtaceae, Vochysiaceae, and relatives in the Southern Hemisphere. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2004, 165:S85-S105.
184. Sytsma K.J., Spalink D., Berger B. Calibrated chronograms, fossils, outgroup relationships, and root priors: re-examining the historical biogeography of Geraniales. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2014, 113:29-49.
185. Takahashi M., Crane P.R., Ando H. Esgueiria futabensis sp. nov., a new angiosperm flower from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Coniacian) of northeastern Honshu, Japan. Paleo. Res. 1999, 3:81-87.
186. Tan K.H., Zubaid A., Kunz T.H. Fruit dispersal by the lesser dog-faced fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Malayan Nat. J. 2000, 56:57-62.
187. Tan F., Shi S., Zhong Y., Gong X., Wang Y. Phylogenetic relationships of Combretoideae (Combretaceae) inferred from plastid, nuclear gene and spacer sequences. J. Plant. Res. 2002, 115:475-481.
188. Templeton A.R. The theory of speciation via the founder principle. Genetics 1980, 94:1011-1038.
189. The Plant List, 2014. Version 1.1. Published on the Internet. (accessed 12.10.14). http://www.theplantlist.org/.
190. Thomas N., Bruhl J.J., Ford A., Weston P.H. Molecular dating of Winteraceae reveals a complex biogeographical history involving both ancient Gondwanan vicariance and long-distance dispersal. J. Biogeogr. 2014, 41:894-904.
191. Thorne R.F. Major disjunctions in the geographic ranges of seed plants. Quart. Rev. Biol. 1972, 47:365-411.
192. Thorne R.F. Floristic relationships between tropical Africa and tropical America. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review 1973, 27-47. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. B.J. Meggers, E.S. Ayensu, W.D. Duckworth (Eds.).
193. Thornhill A.H., Popple L.W., Carter R.J., Ho S.Y.W., Crisp M.D. Are pollen fossils useful for calibrating relaxed molecular-clock dating of phylogenies: a comparative study using Myrtaceae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2012, 63:15-27.
194. Thornhill A.H., Ho S.Y.W., Külheim C., Crisp M.D. Interpreting the modern distribution of Myrtaceae using a dated molecular phylogeny. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2015, 93:29-43.
195. van Vliet G.J.C.M., Baas P. Wood anatomy and classification of the Myrtales. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1984, 71:783-800.
196. Vinnersten A., Bremer K. Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales. Am. J. Bot. 2001, 88:1695-1703.
197. Walker J., Geissman J. Geologic time scale. GSA Today 2009, 19:60-61.
198. Walker J.B., Drew B.T., Sytsma K.J. Unravelling species relationships and diversification within the iconic California Floristic Province sages (Salvia subgenus Audibertia, Lamiaceae). Syst. Bot. 2015, 40:826-844.
199. Wang H., Moore M., Soltis P., Bell C., Brockington S., Alexandre R., Davis C., Latvis M., Manchester S., Soltis D. Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2009, 106:3853-3858.
200. Wehr W.C., Hopkins D.Q. The Eocene orchards and gardens of Republic. Wash. Geol. 1994, 22:27-34.
201. White L.T., Gibson G.M., Lister G.S. A reassessment of paleogeographic reconstructions of eastern Gondwana: bringing geology back into the equation. Gondwana Res. 2013, 24:984-998.
202. Wikström N., Savolainen V., Chase M.W. Evolution of the angiosperms: calibrating the family tree. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 2001, 268:2211-2220.
203. Wilf P., Escapa I.H. Green Web or megabiased clock? Plant fossils from Gondwanan Patagonia speak on evolutionary radiations. New Phytol. 2014, 10.1111/nph.13114.
204. Wilson P.G., O'Brien M.M., Gadek P.A., Quinn C.J. Myrtaceae revisited: a reassessment of infrafamilial groups. Am. J. Bot. 2001, 88:2013-2025.
205. Wilson P.G., O'Brien M.M., Heslewood M.M., Quinn C.J. Relationships within Myrtaceae sensu lato based on a matK phylogeny. Plant Syst. Evol. 2005, 251:3-19.
206. Wolfe J.A. Some aspects of plant geography of the Northern Hemisphere during the late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1975, 62:264-279.
207. Xie L., Wagner W.L., Ree R.H., Berry P.E., Wen J. Molecular phylogeny, divergence time estimates, and historical biogeography of Circaea (Onagraceae) in the Northern Hemisphere. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2009, 53:995-1009.
208. Zachos J., Pagani M., Sloan L., Thomas E., Billups K. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 2001, 292:686-693.
209. Zeng L., Zhang Q., Sun R., Kong H., Zhang N., Ma H. Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5:1-12.
210. Zerega N.J.C., Clement W.L., Datwyler S.L., Weiblen G.D. Biogeography and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2005, 37:402-416.
211. Zhu X.-Y., Chase M.W., Qui Y.-L., Kong H.-Z., Dilcher D.L., Li J.-H., Chen Z.-D. Mitochondrial matR sequences help to resolve deep phylogenetic relationships in rosids. BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7:217.
212. Zwickl, D., 2006. Genetic Algorithm Approaches for the Phylogenetic Analysis of Large Biological Sequence Datasets under the Maximum Likelihood Criterion. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.