메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 1048-1056

Targeting the Eph-ephrin system with protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors

Author keywords

Antagonist; Drug discovery; Eph; Ephrin; Protein protein; Small molecules

Indexed keywords

3 [2 [2 CHLORO 4 [3 (2, 6 DICHLOROPHENYL) 5 ISOPROPYL 4 ISOXAZOLYLMETHOXY] PHENYL] VINYL] BENZOIC ACID; 4[4 CYCLOPENTYLNAPHTHALEN 1 YL] 4 OXOBUTANOIC ACID; BENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CHOLANIC ACID DERIVATIVE; DOXAZOSIN; EPHRIN; EPHRIN A1; EPHRIN RECEPTOR; EPHRIN RECEPTOR A2; EPHRIN RECEPTOR A4; EPICATECHIN; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; FARNESOID X RECEPTOR; GLYCINE; GLYCOLITHOCHOLIC ACID; LITHOCHOLIC ACID; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NATURAL PRODUCT; POLYPHENOL DERIVATIVE; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION INHIBITOR; PROTOCATECHUIC ACID; PYROGALLOL; THEAFLAVIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; [3 ALPHA 5 BETA] 3 HYDROXYCHOLAN 24 OIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CHOLIC ACID DERIVATIVE; MOLECULAR LIBRARY; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 84945957901     PISSN: 13894501     EISSN: 18735592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150825144457     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (51)
  • 2
    • 0038046202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple roles of ephrins in morphogenesis, neuronal networking, and brain function
    • Palmer A, Klein R. Multiple roles of ephrins in morphogenesis, neuronal networking, and brain function. Genes Dev 2003; 17: 1429-50.
    • (2003) Genes Dev , vol.17 , pp. 1429-1450
    • Palmer, A.1    Klein, R.2
  • 3
    • 0037314612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of the EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase in lung cancer recurrence and survival
    • Kinch MS, Moore M-B, Harpole DH Jr. Predictive value of the EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase in lung cancer recurrence and survival. Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res 2003; 9: 613-8.
    • (2003) Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 613-618
    • Kinch, M.S.1    Moore, M.-B.2    Harpole, D.H.3
  • 4
    • 0037455813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EphA2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
    • Miyazaki T, Kato H, Fukuchi M, Nakajima M, Kuwano H. EphA2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer J Int Cancer 2003; 103: 657- 63.
    • (2003) Int J Cancer J Int Cancer , vol.103 , pp. 657-663
    • Miyazaki, T.1    Kato, H.2    Fukuchi, M.3    Nakajima, M.4    Kuwano, H.5
  • 5
    • 19944426015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of EphA2 is prognostic of disease-free interval and overall survival in surgically treated patients with renal cell carcinoma
    • Herrem CJ, Tatsumi T, Olson KS, et al. Expression of EphA2 is prognostic of disease-free interval and overall survival in surgically treated patients with renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res 2005; 11: 226-31.
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 226-231
    • Herrem, C.J.1    Tatsumi, T.2    Olson, K.S.3
  • 6
    • 78650193841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging strategies for EphA2 receptor targeting for cancer therapeutics
    • Tandon M, Vemula SV, Mittal SK. Emerging strategies for EphA2 receptor targeting for cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15: 31-51.
    • (2011) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.15 , pp. 31-51
    • Tandon, M.1    Vemula, S.V.2    Mittal, S.K.3
  • 7
    • 18644379904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble Eph A receptors inhibit tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo
    • Brantley DM, Cheng N, Thompson EJ, et al. Soluble Eph A receptors inhibit tumor angiogenesis and progression in vivo. Oncogene 2002; 21: 7011-26.
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 7011-7026
    • Brantley, D.M.1    Cheng, N.2    Thompson, E.J.3
  • 8
    • 0842282623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiangiogenic and antitumor efficacy of EphA2 receptor antagonist
    • Dobrzanski P, Hunter K, Jones-Bolin S, et al. Antiangiogenic and antitumor efficacy of EphA2 receptor antagonist. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 910-9.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 910-919
    • Dobrzanski, P.1    Hunter, K.2    Jones-Bolin, S.3
  • 9
    • 18844392603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising target for cancer therapeutics
    • Ireton RC, Chen J. EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2005; 5: 149-57.
    • (2005) Curr Cancer Drug Targets , vol.5 , pp. 149-157
    • Ireton, R.C.1    Chen, J.2
  • 10
    • 78149412006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The small molecule specific EphB4 kinase inhibitor NVP-BHG712 inhibits VEGF driven angiogenesis
    • Martiny-Baron G, Holzer P, Billy E, et al. The small molecule specific EphB4 kinase inhibitor NVP-BHG712 inhibits VEGF driven angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2010; 13: 259-67.
    • (2010) Angiogenesis , vol.13 , pp. 259-267
    • Martiny-Baron, G.1    Holzer, P.2    Billy, E.3
  • 11
    • 84920811328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eph receptors and ephrins: Therapeutic opportunities
    • Barquilla A, Pasquale EB. Eph receptors and ephrins: therapeutic opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 55: 465-87.
    • (2015) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.55 , pp. 465-487
    • Barquilla, A.1    Pasquale, E.B.2
  • 12
    • 84891703635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic targeting of EPH receptors and their ligands
    • Boyd AW, Bartlett PF, Lackmann M. Therapeutic targeting of EPH receptors and their ligands. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13: 39-62.
    • (2014) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.13 , pp. 39-62
    • Boyd, A.W.1    Bartlett, P.F.2    Lackmann, M.3
  • 13
    • 41149084179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease
    • Pasquale EB. Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease. Cell 2008; 133: 38-52.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.133 , pp. 38-52
    • Pasquale, E.B.1
  • 14
    • 77649114060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer: Bidirectional signalling and beyond
    • Pasquale EB. Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer: bidirectional signalling and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10: 165-80.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.10 , pp. 165-180
    • Pasquale, E.B.1
  • 17
    • 84891850975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting protein-protein interaction by small molecules
    • Jin L, Wang W, Fang G. Targeting protein-protein interaction by small molecules. Ann Rev Pharmacol 2014; 54: 435-56.
    • (2014) Ann Rev Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 435-456
    • Jin, L.1    Wang, W.2    Fang, G.3
  • 20
    • 84857443065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectodomain structures of Eph receptors
    • Himanen JP. Ectodomain structures of Eph receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23: 35-42.
    • (2012) Semin Cell Dev Biol , vol.23 , pp. 35-42
    • Himanen, J.P.1
  • 21
    • 67650079305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand recognition by Aclass Eph receptors: Crystal structures of the EphA2 ligand-binding domain and the EphA2/ephrin-A1 complex
    • Himanen JP, Goldgur Y, Miao H, et al. Ligand recognition by Aclass Eph receptors: crystal structures of the EphA2 ligand-binding domain and the EphA2/ephrin-A1 complex. EMBO Rep 2009; 10: 722-8.
    • (2009) EMBO Rep , vol.10 , pp. 722-728
    • Himanen, J.P.1    Goldgur, Y.2    Miao, H.3
  • 22
    • 14944383798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery
    • Koehn FE, Carter GT. The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4: 206-20.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.4 , pp. 206-220
    • Koehn, F.E.1    Carter, G.T.2
  • 23
    • 0030761586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microtubule-stabilizing agent discodermolide competitively inhibits the binding of paclitaxel (Taxol) to tubulin polymers, enhances tubulin nucleation reactions more potently than paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of paclitaxel-resistant cells
    • Kowalski RJ, Giannakakou P, Gunasekera SP, Longley RE, Day BW, Hamel E. The microtubule-stabilizing agent discodermolide competitively inhibits the binding of paclitaxel (Taxol) to tubulin polymers, enhances tubulin nucleation reactions more potently than paclitaxel, and inhibits the growth of paclitaxel-resistant cells. Mol Pharmacol 1997; 52: 613-22.
    • (1997) Mol Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 613-622
    • Kowalski, R.J.1    Giannakakou, P.2    Gunasekera, S.P.3    Longley, R.E.4    Day, B.W.5    Hamel, E.6
  • 24
    • 0034078320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FK506, an immunosuppressant targeting calcineurin function
    • Dumont FJ. FK506, an immunosuppressant targeting calcineurin function. Curr Med Chem 2000; 7: 731-48.
    • (2000) Curr Med Chem , vol.7 , pp. 731-748
    • Dumont, F.J.1
  • 26
    • 80054998744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenol rich botanicals used as food supplements interfere with EphA2-ephrinA1 system
    • Mohamed IH, Giorgio C, Bruni R, et al. Polyphenol rich botanicals used as food supplements interfere with EphA2-ephrinA1 system. Pharmacol Res Off J Ital Pharmacol Soc 2011; 64: 464-70.
    • (2011) Pharmacol Res Off J Ital Pharmacol Soc , vol.64 , pp. 464-470
    • Mohamed, I.H.1    Giorgio, C.2    Bruni, R.3
  • 27
    • 0000820236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of a phytocyanin, the basic blue protein from cucumber, refined at 1.8 A resolution
    • Guss JM, Merritt EA, Phizackerley RP, Freeman HC. The structure of a phytocyanin, the basic blue protein from cucumber, refined at 1.8 A resolution. J Mol Biol 1996; 262: 686-705.
    • (1996) J Mol Biol , vol.262 , pp. 686-705
    • Guss, J.M.1    Merritt, E.A.2    Phizackerley, R.P.3    Freeman, H.C.4
  • 29
    • 34248363654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea catechin inhibits ephrin- A1-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
    • Tang F-Y, Chiang E-PI, Shih C-J. Green tea catechin inhibits ephrin- A1-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18: 391-9.
    • (2007) J Nutr Biochem , vol.18 , pp. 391-399
    • Tang, F.-Y.1    Chiang, E.-P.I.2    Shih, C.-J.3
  • 30
  • 31
    • 84875953344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: Structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases
    • Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18: 1818- 92.
    • (2013) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.18 , pp. 1818-1892
    • Del Rio, D.1    Rodriguez-Mateos, A.2    Spencer, J.P.E.3    Tognolini, M.4    Borges, G.5    Crozier, A.6
  • 32
    • 84865014512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perturbation of the EphA2-EphrinA1 system in human prostate cancer cells by colonic (poly)phenol catabolites
    • Tognolini M, Giorgio C, Mohamed IH, et al. Perturbation of the EphA2-EphrinA1 system in human prostate cancer cells by colonic (poly)phenol catabolites. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60: 8877-84.
    • (2012) J Agric Food Chem , vol.60 , pp. 8877-8884
    • Tognolini, M.1    Giorgio, C.2    Mohamed, I.H.3
  • 33
    • 84876889176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiling of polyphenols in a Terminalia chebula Retzius ayurvedic decoction and evaluation of its chemopreventive activity
    • Pellati F, Bruni R, Righi D, et al. Metabolite profiling of polyphenols in a Terminalia chebula Retzius ayurvedic decoction and evaluation of its chemopreventive activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 147: 277-85.
    • (2013) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.147 , pp. 277-285
    • Pellati, F.1    Bruni, R.2    Righi, D.3
  • 34
    • 77950571108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries and for their exclusion in bioassays
    • Baell JB, Holloway GA. New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries and for their exclusion in bioassays. J Med Chem 2010; 53: 2719-40.
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , pp. 2719-2740
    • Baell, J.B.1    Holloway, G.A.2
  • 35
    • 34848868159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors
    • Kosinski C, Li VSW, Chan ASY, et al. Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 15418-23.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 15418-15423
    • Kosinski, C.1    Li, V.S.W.2    Chan, A.S.Y.3
  • 36
    • 79953306876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithocholic acid is an Eph-ephrin ligand interfering with Eph-kinase activation
    • Giorgio C, Hassan Mohamed I, Flammini L, et al. Lithocholic acid is an Eph-ephrin ligand interfering with Eph-kinase activation. PloS One 2011; 6: e18128.
    • (2011) PloS One , vol.6
    • Giorgio, C.1    Hassan Mohamed, I.2    Flammini, L.3
  • 37
    • 84879190695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A detective story in drug discovery: Elucidation of a screening artifact reveals polymeric carboxylic acids as potent inhibitors of RNA polymerase
    • Zhu W, Groh M, Haupenthal J, Hartmann RW. A detective story in drug discovery: Elucidation of a screening artifact reveals polymeric carboxylic acids as potent inhibitors of RNA polymerase. Chem - Eur J 2013; 19: 8397-400.
    • (2013) Chem - Eur J , vol.19 , pp. 8397-8400
    • Zhu, W.1    Groh, M.2    Haupenthal, J.3    Hartmann, R.W.4
  • 38
    • 84903978323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of EphA4 signaling ameliorates hippocampal synaptic dysfunctions in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
    • Fu AKY, Hung K-W, Huang H, et al. Blockade of EphA4 signaling ameliorates hippocampal synaptic dysfunctions in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014; 111: 9959-64.
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.111 , pp. 9959-9964
    • Fu, A.K.Y.1    Hung, K.-W.2    Huang, H.3
  • 39
    • 84918588154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we using the right pharmacological tools to target EphA4?
    • Tognolini M, Incerti M, Lodola A. Are we using the right pharmacological tools to target EphA4? ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5: 1146-7.
    • (2014) ACS Chem Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1146-1147
    • Tognolini, M.1    Incerti, M.2    Lodola, A.3
  • 40
    • 57649178194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small molecules can selectively inhibit ephrin binding to the EphA4 and EphA2 receptors
    • Noberini R, Koolpe M, Peddibhotla S, et al. Small molecules can selectively inhibit ephrin binding to the EphA4 and EphA2 receptors. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 29461-72.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 29461-29472
    • Noberini, R.1    Koolpe, M.2    Peddibhotla, S.3
  • 41
    • 80052611727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A disalicylic acid-furanyl derivative inhibits ephrin binding to a subset of Eph receptors
    • Noberini R, De SK, Zhang Z, et al. A disalicylic acid-furanyl derivative inhibits ephrin binding to a subset of Eph receptors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78: 667-78.
    • (2011) Chem Biol Drug Des , vol.78 , pp. 667-678
    • Noberini, R.1    De, S.K.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 42
    • 84907449155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of 2,5-dimethylpyrrol- 1-yl-benzoic acid derivatives as EPH-ephrin antagonists
    • Lodola A, Incerti M, Tognolini M. On the use of 2,5-dimethylpyrrol- 1-yl-benzoic acid derivatives as EPH-ephrin antagonists. J Virol 2014; 88: 12173-12173.
    • (2014) J Virol , vol.88 , pp. 12173-12173
    • Lodola, A.1    Incerti, M.2    Tognolini, M.3
  • 43
    • 84861569173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structureactivity relationships and mechanism of action of Eph-ephrin antagonists: Interaction of cholanic acid with the EphA2 receptor
    • Tognolini M, Incerti M, Hassan-Mohamed I, et al. Structureactivity relationships and mechanism of action of Eph-ephrin antagonists: interaction of cholanic acid with the EphA2 receptor. Chem Med Chem 2012; 7: 1071-83.
    • (2012) Chem Med Chem , vol.7 , pp. 1071-1083
    • Tognolini, M.1    Incerti, M.2    Hassan-Mohamed, I.3
  • 44
    • 84876273467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acid conjugates of lithocholic acid as antagonists of the EphA2 receptor
    • Incerti M, Tognolini M, Russo S, et al. Amino acid conjugates of lithocholic acid as antagonists of the EphA2 receptor. J Med Chem 2013; 56: 2936-47.
    • (2013) J Med Chem , vol.56 , pp. 2936-2947
    • Incerti, M.1    Tognolini, M.2    Russo, S.3
  • 45
    • 84925862007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UniPR129 is a competitive small molecule Eph-ephrin antagonist blocking in vitro angiogenesis at low micromolar concentrations
    • Hassan-Mohamed I, Giorgio C, Incerti M, et al. UniPR129 is a competitive small molecule Eph-ephrin antagonist blocking in vitro angiogenesis at low micromolar concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171: 5195-208.
    • (2014) Br J Pharmacol , vol.171 , pp. 5195-5208
    • Hassan-Mohamed, I.1    Giorgio, C.2    Incerti, M.3
  • 46
    • 84891747102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target hopping as a useful tool for the identification of novel EphA2 protein-protein antagonists
    • Tognolini M, Incerti M, Pala D, et al. Target hopping as a useful tool for the identification of novel EphA2 protein-protein antagonists. Chem Med Chem 2014; 3: 67-72.
    • (2014) Chem Med Chem , vol.3 , pp. 67-72
    • Tognolini, M.1    Incerti, M.2    Pala, D.3
  • 47
    • 0034632762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a chemical tool for the orphan nuclear receptor FXR
    • Maloney PR, Parks DJ, Haffner CD, et al. Identification of a chemical tool for the orphan nuclear receptor FXR. J Med Chem 2000; 43: 2971-4.
    • (2000) J Med Chem , vol.43 , pp. 2971-2974
    • Maloney, P.R.1    Parks, D.J.2    Haffner, C.D.3
  • 48
    • 84906833004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of atypical bile acids for use as investigative tools for the genetic defect of 3β- hydroxy-Δ(5)-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency
    • Gioiello A, Cerra B, Zhang W, et al. Synthesis of atypical bile acids for use as investigative tools for the genetic defect of 3β- hydroxy-Δ(5)-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B: 348-60.
    • (2014) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.144 , pp. 348-360
    • Gioiello, A.1    Cerra, B.2    Zhang, W.3
  • 49
    • 84908246685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining ligand- and structure- based approaches for the discovery of new inhibitors of the EPHA2-ephrin-A1 interaction
    • Pala D, Castelli R, Incerti M, et al. Combining ligand- and structure- based approaches for the discovery of new inhibitors of the EPHA2-ephrin-A1 interaction. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54: 2621- 6.
    • (2014) J Chem Inf Model , vol.54 , pp. 2621-2626
    • Pala, D.1    Castelli, R.2    Incerti, M.3
  • 50
    • 84865050506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibits tumor cell migration in vitro and prostate cancer metastasis in vivo
    • Petty A, Myshkin E, Qin H, et al. A small molecule agonist of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibits tumor cell migration in vitro and prostate cancer metastasis in vivo. PloS One 2012; 7: e42120.
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7
    • Petty, A.1    Myshkin, E.2    Qin, H.3
  • 51
    • 84872687126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis and characterization of novel small molecular inhibitors of ephrin-B2 binding to EphB4
    • Duggineni S, Mitra S, Noberini R, et al. Design, synthesis and characterization of novel small molecular inhibitors of ephrin-B2 binding to EphB4. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85: 507-13.
    • (2013) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.85 , pp. 507-513
    • Duggineni, S.1    Mitra, S.2    Noberini, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.