Nanoparticles biosynthesized by fungi and yeast: A review of their preparation, properties, and medical applications

Molecules

Volumn 20, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 16540-16565

  Moghaddam, Amin Boroumand ^a   Namvar, Farideh ^a,b   Moniri, Mona ^a   Tahir, Paridah Md ^a   Azizi, Susan ^a   Mohamad, Rosfarizan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^b ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Anti angiogenesis; Apoptosis; Fungi; Nanoparticle; Yeast

Indexed keywords

APOPTOSIS; FUNGUS; METABOLISM; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PROCEDURES; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

APOPTOSIS; FUNGI; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 84942673166     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14203049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916540     Document Type: Review

References (148)

1. Mohanpuria, P.; Rana, N.K.; Yadav, S.K. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: Technological concepts and future applications. J. Nanopart. Res. 2008, 10, 507-517.
2. Liu, J.; Qiao, S.Z.; Hu, Q.H. Magnetic nanocomposites with mesoporous structures: Synthesis and applications. Small 2011, 7, 425-443.
3. Jain, K.K. Applications of nanobiotechnology in clinical diagnostics. Clin. Chem. 2007, 53, 2002-2009.
4. Kim, Y.C.; Park, N.C.; Shin, J.S.; Lee, S.R.; Lee, Y.J.; Moon, D.J. Partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide over nanosized Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts. Catal. Today 2003, 87, 153-162.
5. Kumar, S.A.; Ansary, A.A.; Ahmad, A.; Khan, M.I. Extracellular biosynthesis of CdSe quantum dots by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2007, 3, 190-194.
6. Anker, J.N.; Hall, W.P.; Lyandres, O.; Shah, N.C.; Zhao, J.; van Duyne, R.P. Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors. Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 442-453.
7. Pinna, N.; Niederberger, M. Oxide Synthesis as Cornerstone of Nanoscience. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 2008, 825, doi:10.1002/ejic.200890010.
8. Voldman, J.; Gray, M.L.; Schmidt, M.A. Microfabrication in biology and medicine. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 1999, 1, 401-425.
9. Chen, Y.; Pépin, A. Nanofabrication: Conventional and nonconventional methods. Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 187-207.
10. Piner, R.D.; Zhu, J.; Xu, F.; Hong, S. "Dip-Pen" Nanolithography. Science 1999, 283, 661-664.
11. Mandal, D.; Bolander, M.E.; Mukhopadhyay, D.; Sarkar, G.; Mukherjee, P. The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006, 69, 485-492.
12. Sotiropoulou, S.; Sierra-Sastre, Y.; Mark, S.S.; Batt, C.A. Biotemplated Nanostructured Materials. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 821-834.
13. Klaus, T.; Joerger, R.; Olsson, E.; Granqvist, C.G. Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 13611-13614.
14. Nagajyothi, P.C.; Lee, K.D. Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Using Dioscorea batatas Rhizome Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities. J. Nanomater. 2011, 2011, 1-7.
15. Thakkar, K.N.; Mhatre, S.S.; Parikh, R.Y. Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 2010, 6, 257-262.
16. Sriram, M.I.; Kalishwaralal, K.; Gurunathan, S. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Bacillus licheniformis. Methods Mol. Biol. 2012, 906, 33-43.
17. Kuppusamy, P.; Yousoff, M.M.; Manian, G.P.; Govindan, N. Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derivatives and their new avenues in pharmacological applications-An updated report. Saudi Pharm. J. 2014, doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2014.11.013.
18. Ghodake, G.; Lee, D.S. Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticlesa using the aqueous extract of the brown algae Laminaria japonica. J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 2011, 6, 268-271.
19. Azizi, S.; Ahmad, M.B.; Namvar, F.; Mohamad, R. Green biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using brown marine macroalga Sargassum muticum aqueous extract. Mater. Lett. 2014, 116, 275-277.
20. Mahdavi, M.; Namvar, F.; Ahmad, M.B.; Mohammad, R. Green biosynthesis and characterization of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoaprticles using seaweed (Sargassum muticum) aqueous extract. Molecules 2013, 18, 5954-5964.
21. Azizi, S.; Namvar, F.; Mahdavi, M.; Ahmad, M.B.; Mohamad, R. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using brown marine macroalga, Sargussum muticum aqueous extract. Materials 2013, 6, 5942-5950.
22. Ahmad, A.; Senapati, S.; Khan, M.I.; Kumar, R.; Ramani, R.; Srinivas, V.; Sastry, M. Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus species. Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 824-828.
23. Durán, N.; Marcato, P.D.; Alves, O.L.; de Souza, G.I.H.; Esposito, E. Mechanistic aspects of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by several Fusarium oxysporum strains. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2005, 3, doi:10.1186/1477-3155-3-8.
24. Botham, K.M.; Mayes, P.A. Biologic Oxidation. In Harper's Illustrared Biochemistry, 28th ed.; Lange-McGraw Hill: London, UK, 2006; p. 47.
25. Durán, N.; Marcato, P.D.; Durán, M., Yadav, A.; Gade, A.; Rai, M. Mechanistic aspects in the biogenic synthesis of extracellular metal nanoparticles by peptides, bacteria, fungi, and plants. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011, 90, 1609-1624.
26. Mishra, S.; Dixit, S.; Soni, S. Methods of nanoparticles biosynthesis for medical and commercial applications. Bio-Nanopart. Biosynth. Sustain. Biotechnol. Implic. 2015, 141-154, doi:10.1002/9781118677629.ch7.
27. Asmathunisha, N.; Kathiresan, K. A review on biosynthesis of nanoparticles by marine organisms. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2013, 103, 283-287.
28. Sharma, N.C.; Sahi, S.V.; Nath, S.; Parsons, J.G.; Gardea-Torresdey, J.L.; Pal, T. Synthesis of plant-mediated gold nanoparticles and catalytic role of biomatrix embedded nanomaterials. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 5137-5142.
29. Vigneshwaran, N.; Kathe, A.A.; Varadarajan, P.V; Nachane, R.P.; Balasubramanya, R.H. Biomimetics of silver nanoparticles by white rot fungus, Phaenerochaete chrysosporium. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 2006, 53, 55-59.
30. Huang, X.; Neretina, S.; El-Sayed, M.A. Gold nanorods: From synthesis and properties to biological and biomedical applications. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 4880-4910.
31. MubarakAli, D.; Gopinath, V.; Rameshbabu, N.; Thajuddin, N. Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles using C-phycoerythrin from the marine cyanobacteria. Mater. Lett. 2012, 74, 8-11.
32. Kathiresan, K.; Alikunhi, N.M.; Pathmanaban, S.; Nabikhan, A.; Kandasamy, S. Analysis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles synthesized by coastal strains of Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger. Can. J. Microbiol. 2010, 56, 1050-1059.
33. Blackwell, M. The fungi: 1, 2, 3 ... 5.1 million species? Am. J. Bot. 2011, 98, 426-438.
34. Sastry, M.; Ahmad, A.; Islam Khan, M.; Kumar, R. Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using fungi and actinomycete. Curr. Sci. 2003, 85, 162-170.
35. Castro-Longoria, E.; Moreno-Velásquez, S.D.; Vilchis-Nestor, A.R.; Arenas-Berumen, E.; Avalos-Borja, M. Production of Platinum Nanoparticles and Nanoaggregates Using Neurospora crassa. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012, 22, 1000-1004.
36. Castro-Longoria, E.; Vilchis-Nestor, A.R.; Avalos-Borja, M. Biosynthesis of silver, gold and bimetallic nanoparticles using the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2011, 83, 42-48.
37. Volesky, B.; Holan, Z.R. Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnol. Prog. 1995, 11, 235-250.
38. Mukherjee, P.; Ahmad, A.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Sainkar, S.R.; Khan, M.I.; Parishcha, R.; Ajaykumar, P.V.; Alam, M.; Kumar, R.; et al. Fungus-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Immobilization in the Mycelial Matrix: A Novel Biological Approach to Nanoparticle Synthesis. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 515-519.
39. Ahmad, A.; Mukherjee, P.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Khan, M.I.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M. Enzyme mediated extracellular synthesis of CdS nanoparticles by the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12108-12109.
40. Riddin, T.L.; Gericke, M.; Whiteley, C.G. Analysis of the inter- And extracellular formation of platinum nanoparticles by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici using response surface methodology. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, 3482-3489.
41. Binupriya, A.R.; Sathishkumar, M.; Yun, S.I. Biocrystallization of silver and gold ions by inactive cell filtrate of Rhizopus stolonifer. Colloids Surf. B. Biointerfaces 2010, 79, 531-534.
42. Govender, Y.; Riddin, T.; Gericke, M.; Whiteley, C.G. Bioreduction of platinum salts into nanoparticles: A mechanistic perspective. Biotechnol. Lett. 2009, 31, 95-100.
43. Raliya, R.; Tarafdar, J.C. ZnO nanoparticle biosynthesis and its effect on phosphorous-mobilizing enzyme secretion and gum contents in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Agirc. Res. 2013, 2, 48-57.
44. Raliya, R. Rapid, low-cost, and ecofriendly approach her for iron nanoparticle synthesis using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9. J. Nanoparticles 2013, 2013, doi:10.1155/2013/141274.
45. Tarafdar, J.C.; Raliya, R.; Rathore, I. Microbial synthesis of phosphorous nanoparticle from tri-calcium phosphate using Aspergillus tubingensis TFR-5. J. Bionanosci. 2012, 6, 84-89.
46. Das, S.K.; Das, A.R.; Guha, A.K. Gold Nanoparticles: Microbial Synthesis and Application in Water Hygiene Management. Langmuir 2009, 25, 8192-8199.
47. Sarkar, J.; Ray, S.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Laskar, A.; Acharya, K. Mycogenesis of gold nanoparticles using a phytopathogen Alternaria alternata. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 2012, 35, 637-643.
48. Xie, J.; Lee, J.Y.; Wang, D.I.C.; Ting, Y.P. High-yield synthesis of complex gold nanostructures in a fungal system. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 16858-16865.
49. Bhambure, R.; Bule, M.; Shaligram, N.; Kamat, M.; Singhal, R. Extracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Aspergillus niger-Its characterization and stability. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2009, 32, 1036-1041.
50. Zhang, X.; He, X.; Wang, K.; Yang, X. Different active biomolecules involved in biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by three fungus species. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2011, 7, 245-254.
51. Shankar, S.S.; Ahmad, A.; Pasricha, R.; Sastry, M. Bioreduction of chloroaurate ions by geranium leaves and its endophytic fungus yields gold nanoparticles of different shapes. J. Mater. Chem. 2003, 13, 1822-1826.
52. Sawle, B.D.; Salimath, B.; Deshpande, R.; Bedre, M.D.; Prabhakar, B.K.; Venkataraman, A. Biosynthesis and stabilization of Au and Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles by fungus, Fusarium semitectum. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 2008, 9, doi:10.1088/1468-6996/9/3/035012.
53. Kumar, S.A.; Peter, Y.A.; Nadeau, J.L. Facile biosynthesis, separation and conjugation of gold nanoparticles to doxorubicin. Nanotechnology 2008, 19, doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/49/495101.
54. Mishra, A.; Tripathy, S.; Wahab, R.; Jeong, S.H.; Hwang, I.; Yang, Y.B.; Kim, Y.S.; Shin, H.S.; Yun, S.I. Microbial synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum and their cytotoxic effects against mouse mayo blast cancer C2C12 cells. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2011, 92, 617-630.
55. Mukherjee, P.; Ahmad, A.; Mandal, D.; Senapati, S.; Sainkar, S.R.; Khan, M.I.; Ramani, R.; Parischa, R.; Ajayakumar, P. V; Alam, M. Bioreduction of AuCl4- ions by the fungus, Verticillium sp. and surface trapping of the gold nanoparticles formed. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3585-3588.
56. Gericke, M.; Pinches, A. Microbial Production of Gold Nanoparticles. Gold Bull. 2006, 39, 22-28.
57. Narayanan, K.; Sakthivel, N. Mycocrystallization of gold ions by the fungus Cylindrocladium floridanum. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2013, 29, 2207-2211.
58. Sanghi, R.; Verma, P.; Pouri, S. Enzymatic Formation of Gold Nanoparticles Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Sci. Res. 2011, 1, 154-162.
59. Philip, D. Biosynthesis of Au, Ag and Au-Ag nanoparticles using edible mushroom extract. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2009, 73, 374-381.
60. Narayanan, K.B.; Sakthivel, N. Facile green synthesis of gold nanostructures by NADPH-dependent enzyme from the extract of Sclerotium rolfsii. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2011, 380, 156-161.
61. Mukherjee, P.; Senapati, S.; Mandal, D.; Ahmad, A.; Khan, M.I.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M. Extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. ChemBioChem 2002, 3, 461-463.
62. Shankar, S.S.; Ahmad, A.; Pasricha, R.; Khan, M.I.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M. Immobilization of biogenic gold nanoparticles in thermally evaporated fatty acid and amine thin films. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004, 274, 69-75.
63. Gericke, M.; Pinches, A. Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Hydrometallurgy 2006, 83, 132-140.
64. Sanghi, R.; Verma, P. pH dependant fungal proteins in the "green" synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. Lett. 2010, 1, 193-199.
65. Das, S.K.; Das, A.R.; Guha, A.K. Microbial synthesis of multishaped gold nanostructures. Small 2010, 6, 1012-1021.
66. Chuhan, A.; Zubair, S.; Tufail, S.; Sherwani, A.; Sajid, M.; Raman, S.C.; Azam, A.; Owais, M. Fungus-mediated biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles : Potential in detection of liver cancer. Int. J. Nanomed. 2011, 6, 2305-2319.
67. Ahmad, A.; Mukherjee, P.; Senapati, S.; Mandal, D.; Khan, M.I.; Kumar, R.; Sastry, M. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2003, 28, 313-318.
68. Kumar, S.A.; Abyaneh, M.K.; Gosavi, S.W.; Kulkarni, S.K.; Pasricha, R.; Ahmad, A.; Khan, M.I. Nitrate reductase-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from AgNO3. Biotechnol. Lett. 2007, 29, 439-445.
69. Bhainsa, K.C.; D'Souza, S.F. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2006, 47, 160-164.
70. Jaidev, L.R.; Narasimha, G. Fungal mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2010, 81, 430-433.
71. Alani, F.; Moo-Young, M.; Anderson, W. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by a new strain of Streptomyces sp. compared with Aspergillus fumigatus. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012, 28, 1081-1086.
72. Vigneshwaran, N.; Kathe, A. Silver-protein (core-shell) nanoparticle production using spent mushroom substrate. Langmuir 2007, 23, 7113-7117.
73. Vigneshwaran, N.; Ashtaputre, N.M.; Varadarajan, P.V.; Nachane, R.P.; Paralikar, K.M.; Balasubramanya, R.H. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Mater. Lett. 2007, 61, 1413-1418.
74. Mukherjee, P.; Roy, M.; Mandal, B.P.; Dey, G.K.; Mukherjee, P.K.; Ghatak, J.; Tyagi, A.K.; Kale, S.P. Green synthesis of highly stabilized nanocrystalline silver particles by a non-pathogenic and agriculturally important fungus T. asperellum. Nanotechnology. 2008, 19, 1-7.
75. Kathiresan, K.; Manivannan, S.; Nabeel, M.; Dhivya, B. Studies on silver nanoparticles synthesized by a marine fungus, Penicillium fellutanum isolated from coastal mangrove sediment. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2009, 71, 133-137.
76. Maliszewska, I.; Szewczyk, K.; Waszak, K. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2009, 146, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/146/1/012025.
77. Balaji, D.S.; Basavaraja, S.; Deshpande, R.; Mahesh, D.B.; Prabhakar, B.K.; Venkataraman, A. Extracellular biosynthesis of functionalized silver nanoparticles by strains of Cladosporium cladosporioides fungus. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2009, 68, 88-92.
78. Birla, S.S.; Tiwari, V.V.; Gade, A.K.; Ingle, A.P.; Yadav, A.P.; Rai, M.K. Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by Phoma glomerata and its combined effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2009, 48, 173-179.
79. Sanghi, R.; Verma, P. Biomimetic synthesis and characterisation of protein capped silver nanoparticles. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 501-504.
80. Fayaz, A.M.; Balaji, K.; Girilal, M.; Kalaichelvan, P.T.; Venkatesan, R. Mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 6246-6252.
81. Fayaz, A.M.; Balaji, K.; Kalaichelvan, P.T.; Venkatesan, R. Fungal based synthesis of silver nanoparticles-An effect of temperature on the size of particles. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2009, 74, 123-126.
82. Fayaz, M.; Tiwary, C.S.; Kalaichelvan, P.T.; Venkatesan, R. Blue orange light emission from biogenic synthesized silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma viride. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2010, 75, 175-178.
83. Fayaz, A.M.; Balaji, K.; Girilal, M.; Yadav, R.; Kalaichelvan, P.T.; Venketesan, R. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: A study against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 2010, 6, 103-109.
84. Musarrat, J.; Dwivedi, S.; Singh, B.R.; Al-Khedhairy, A.A.; Azam, A.; Naqvi, A. Production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus Amylomyces rouxii strain KSU-09. Bioresour. Technol. 2010, 101, 8772-8776.
85. Saravanan, M.; Nanda, A. Extracellular synthesis of silver bionanoparticles from Aspergillus clavatus and its antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MRSE. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2010, 77, 214-218.
86. Jain, N.; Bhargava, A.; Majumdar, S.; Tarafdar, J.C.; Panwar, J. Extracellular biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus flavus NJP08: A mechanism perspective. Nanoscale 2011, 3, 635-641.
87. Raliya, R.; Tarafdar, J.C. Novel approach for silver nanoparticle synthesis using Aspergillus terreus CZR-1: mechanism perspective. J. Bionanosci. 2012, 6, 12-16.
88. Senapati, S.; Ahmad, A.; Khan, M.I.; Sastry, M.; Kumar, R. Extracellular biosynthesis of bimetallic Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. Small 2005, 1, 517-520.
89. Bharde, A.; Rautaray, D.; Bansal, V.; Ahmad, A.; Sarkar, I.; Yusuf, S.M.; Sanyal, M.; Sastry, M. Extracellular biosynthesis of magnetite using fungi. Small 2006, 2, 135-141.
90. Rajakumar, G.; Rahuman, A.; Roopan, S.M.; Khanna, V.G.; Elango, G.; Kamaraj, C.; Zahir, A.A.; Velayutham, K. Fungus-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic bacteria. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2012, 91, 23-29.
91. Raliya, R.; Biswas, P.; Tarafdar, J.C. TiO2 nanoparticle biosynthesis and its physiological effect on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Biotechnol. Rep. 2015, 5, 22-26.
92. Bansal, V.; Poddar, P.; Ahmad, A.; Sastry, M. Room-Temperature Biosynthesis of Ferroelectric Barium Titanate Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 11958-11963.
93. Velmurugan, P.; Shim, J.; You, Y.; Choi, S.; Kamala-Kannan, S.; Lee, K.J.; Kim, H.J.; Oh, B.T. Removal of zinc by live, dead, and dried biomass of Fusarium spp. isolated from the abandoned-metal mine in South Korea and its perspective of producing nanocrystals. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010, 182, 317-324.
94. Das, S.; Das, A.; Guha, A. Adsorption behavior of mercury on functionalized Aspergillus versicolor mycelia: Atomic force microscopic study. Langmuir 2008, 25, 360-366.
95. Raliya, R.; Rathore, I.; Tarafdar, J.C. Developmental of microbial nanofactory for zinc, magnesium and titanium nanoparticles production using soil fungi. J. Bionanosci. 2013, 7, 59-96.
96. Sun, Y.; Xia, Y. Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science 2002, 298, 2176-2179.
97. Kumar, D.; Karthik, L.; Kumar, G.; Roa, K.B. Biosynthesis of Silver anoparticles from Marine Yeast and Their Antimicrobial Activity Against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens. Pharmacologyonline 2011, 3, 1100-1111.
98. Dameron, C.T.; Reese, R.N.; Mehra, R.K.; Kortan, A.R.; Carroll, P.J.; Steigerwald, M.L.; Brus, L.E.; Winge, D.R. Biosynthesis of cadmium sulphide quantum semiconductor crystallites. Nature 1989, 338, 596-597.
99. Kowshik, M.; Deshmukh, N.; Vogel, W.; Urban, J.; Kulkarni, S.K.; Paknikar, K.M. Microbial synthesis of semiconductor CdS nanoparticles, their characterization, and their use in the fabrication of an ideal diode. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2002, 78, 583-588.
100. Kowshik, M.; Ashtaputre, S.; Kulkani, S.K.; Parknikar, K.M.M. Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a silver-tolerant yeast strain MKY3. Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 95-100.
101. Krumov, N.; Oder, S.; Perner-Nochta, I.; Angelov, A.; Posten, C. Accumulation of CdS nanoparticles by yeasts in a fed-batch bioprocess. J. Biotechnol. 2007, 132, 481-486.
102. Pimprikar, P.S.; Joshi, S.S.; Kumar, A.R.; Zinjarde, S.S.; Kulkarni, S.K. Influence of biomass and gold salt concentration on nanoparticle synthesis by the tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2009, 74, 309-316.
103. Tian, X.; He, W.; Cui, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, W.; Yan, S.; Sun, X.; Han, X.; Han, S.; Yue, Y. Mesoporous zirconium phosphate from yeast biotemplate. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010, 343, 344-349.
104. Yan, S.; He, W.; Sun, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, H.; Li, Z.; Zhou, W.; Tian, X.; Sun, X.; Han, X. The biomimetic synthesis of zinc phosphate nanoparticles. Dye Pigment 2009, 80, 254-258.
105. Fadeel, B.; Garcia-Bennett, A.E. Better safe than sorry: Understanding the toxicological properties of inorganic nanoparticles manufactured for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2010, 62, 362-374.
106. Chan, W.C.W.; Nie, S. Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection. Science 1998, 281, 2016-2018.
107. Tian, F.; Tian, F.; Prina-Mello, A.; Estrada, G.; Beyerle, A.; Möller, W.; Schulz, H.; Kreyling, W.; Stoeger, T. A novel assay for the quantification of internalized nanoparticles in macrophages. Nanotoxicology 2008, 2, 232-242.
108. Cui, D.; Tian, F.; Coyer, S.R.; Wang, J.; Pan, B.; Gao, F.; He, R.; Zhang, Y. Effects of Antisense-Myc-Conjugated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on HL-60Cells. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2007, 7, 1639-1646.
109. Pantarotto, D.; Partidos, C.D.; Hoebeke, J.; Brown, F.; Kramer, E.D.; Briand, J.P.; Muller, S.; Prato, M.; Bianco, A. Immunization with peptide-functionalized carbon nanotubes enhances virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Chem. Biol. 2003, 10, 961-966.
110. De La Isla, A.; Brostow, W.; Bujard, B.; Estevez, M.; Rodriguez, J.R.; Vargas, S.; Castano, V.M. Nanohybrid scratch resistant coatings for teeth and bone viscoelasticity manifested in tribology. Mater. Res. Innov. 2003, 7, 110-114.
111. Ma, J.; Wong, H.; Kong, L.B.; Peng, K.W. Biomimetic processing of nanocrystallite bioactive apatite coating on titanium. Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 619.
112. Shinkai, M.; Yanase, M.; Suzuki, M.; Honda, H.; Wakabayashi, T.; Yoshida, J.; Kobayashi, T. Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1999, 194, 176-184.
113. Weissleder, R.; Elizondo, G.; Wittenberg, J.; Rabito, C.A.; Bengele, H.H.; Josephson, L. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: Characterization of a new class of contrast agents for MR imaging. Radiology 1990, 175, 489-493.
114. Parak, W.J.; Boudreau, R.; le Gros, M.; Gerion, D.; Zanchet, D.; Micheel, C.M.; Williams, S.C.; Alivisatos, A.P.; Larabell, C. Cell motility and metastatic potential studies based on quantum dot imaging of phagokinetic tracks. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 882-885.
115. Chaloupka, K.; Malam, Y.; Seifalian, A.M. Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol. 2010, 28, 580-588.
116. Emerich, D.F.; Thanos, C.G. The pinpoint promise of nanoparticle-based drug delivery and molecular diagnosis. Biomol. Eng. 2006, 23, 171-184.
117. Häfeli, U.O.; Riffle, J.S.; Harris-Shekhawat, L.; Carmichael-Baranauskas, A.; Mark, F.; Dailey, J.P.; Bardenstein, D. Cell uptake and in vitro toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery. Mol. Pharm. 2009, 6, 1417-1428.
118. Vaidyanathan, R.; Kalishwaralal, K.; Gopalram, S.; Gurunathan, S. RETRACTED: Nanosilver- The burgeoning therapeutic molecule and its green synthesis. Biotechnol. Adv. 2009, 27, 924- 937.
119. Xiang, L.; Wei, J.; Jianbo, S.; Guili, W.; Feng, G.; Ying, L. Purified and sterilized magnetosomes from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 were not toxic to mouse fibroblasts in vitro. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2007, 45, 75-81.
120. Giljohann, D.A.; Seferos, D.S.; Daniel, W.L.; Massich, M.D.; Patel, P.C.; Mirkin, C.A. Gold nanoparticles for biology and medicine. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 3280-3294.
121. Patra, C.R.; Bhattacharya, R.; Mukhopadhyay, D.; Mukherjee, P. Fabrication of gold nanoparticles for targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2010, 62, 346-361.
122. Kalishwaralal, K.; Banumathi, E.; Pandian, S.R.K.; Deepak, V.; Muniyandi, J.; Eom, S.H.; Gurunathan, S. Silver nanoparticles inhibit VEGF induced cell proliferation and migration in bovine retinal endothelial cells. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 2009, 73, 51-57.
123. Chertok, B.; Moffat, B.A.; David, A.E.; Yu, F.; Bergemann, C.; Ross, B.D.; Yang, V.C. Iron oxide nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle for MRI monitored magnetic targeting of brain tumors. Biomaterials 2008, 29, 487-496.
124. Amarnath, K.; Mathew, N.L.; Nellore, J.; Siddarth, C.R.V.; Kumar, J. Facile synthesis of biocompatible gold nanoparticles from Vites vinefera and its cellular internalization against HBL-100 cells. Cancer Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 121-132.
125. Jeyaraj, M.; Sathishkumar, G.; Sivanandhan, G.; MubarakAli, D.; Rajesh, M.; Arun, R.; Kapildev, G.; Manickavasagam, M.; Thajuddin, N.; Premkumar, K. Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2013, 106, 86-92.
126. Hsin, Y.H.; Chen, C.F.; Huang, S.; Shih, T.S.; Lai, P.S.; Chueh, P.J. The apoptotic effect of nanosilver is mediated by a ROS- And JNK-dependent mechanism involving the mitochondrial pathway in NIH3T3 cells. Toxicol. Lett. 2008, 179, 130-139.
127. Vamanu, C.I.; Cimpan, M.R.; Høl, P.J.; Sørnes, S.; Lie, S.A.; Gjerdet, N.R. Induction of cell death by TiO2 nanoparticles: Studies on a human monoblastoid cell line. Toxicol. In Vitro 2008, 22, 1689-1696.
128. Park, E.J.; Yi, J.; Chung, K.H.; Ryu, D.Y.; Choi, J.; Park, K. Oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cultured BEAS-2B cells. Toxicol. Lett. 2008, 180, 222-229.
129. Zhao, J.; Bowman, L.; Zhang, X.; Vallyathan, V.; Young, S.H.; Castranova, V.; Ding, M. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles induce JB6 cell apoptosis through activation of the caspase-8/Bid and mitochondrial pathways. J. Toxicol. Environ. Heal. Part A 2009, 72, 1141-1149.
130. Huang, D.M.; Chung, T.H.; Hung, Y.; Lu, F.; Wu, S.H.; Mou, C.Y.; Yao, M.; Chen, Y.C. Internalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles induces transient but not sufficient osteogenic signals in human mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2008, 231, 208-215.
131. Zhu, Y.; Eaton, J.W.; Li, C. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles Preferentially Induce Cell Death in Transformed Cells in a Bak/Bax-Independent Fashion. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, 1-11.
132. Nishida, N.; Yano, H.; Nishida, T.; Kamura, T.; Kojiro, M. Angiogenesis in cancer. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 2006, 2, 213-219.
133. Ghosh, P.; Han, G.; De, M.; Kim, C.K.; Rotello, V.M. Gold nanoparticles in delivery applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2008, 60, 1307-1315.
134. Will, S.E.A.; Favaron, P.O.; Pavez, M.A.; Florentino, L.C.; Soares, D.; Oliveira, F.C.; Rici, R.E.G.; Miglino, M.A.; Alcântara, D.; Mamizuka, E.M. Bactericidal silver nanoparticles present an antiangiogenic effect in the Chorioallantoic Membrane Model (CAM). Sci. Against Microb. Pathog. Commun. Curr. Res. Technol. Adv. 2011, 1, 219-227.
135. Gurunathan, S.; Lee, K.-J.; Kalishwaralal, K.; Sheikpranbabu, S.; Vaidyanathan, R.; Eom, S.H. Antiangiogenic properties of silver nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2009, 30, 6341-6350.
136. Sheikpranbabu, S.; Kalishwaralal, K.; Venkataraman, D.; Eom, S.H.; Park, J.; Gurunathan, S. Silver nanoparticles inhibit VEGF-and IL-1-beta-induced vascular permeability via Src dependent pathway in porcine retinal endothelial cells. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2009, 7, doi:10.1186/1477-3155-7-8.
137. Mohammadzadeh, R. Hypothesis: Silver nanoparticles as an adjuvant for cancertherapy. Adv. Pharm. Bull. 2012, 2, doi:10.5681/apb.2012.020.
138. Durán, N.; Marcato, P.D.; de Souza, G.I.H.; Alves, O.L.; Esposito, E. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles produced by fungal process on textile fabrics and their effluent treatment. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2007, 3, 203-208.
139. Gajbhiye, M.; Kesharwani, J.; Ingle, A.; Gade, A.; Rai, M. Fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic fungi in combination with fluconazole. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 2009, 5, 382-386.
140. Bankar, A.; Joshi, B.; Kumar, A.R.; Zinjarde, S. Banana peel extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2010, 80, 45-50.
141. Zheng, D.; Hu, C.; Gan, T.; Dang, X.; Hu, S. Preparation and application of a novel vanillin sensor based on biosynthesis of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2010, 148, 247-252.
142. Zheng, B.; Qian, L.; Yuan, H.; Xiao, D.; Yang, X.; Paau, M.C.; Choi, M.M.F. Preparation of gold nanoparticles on eggshell membrane and their biosensing application. Talanta 2010, 82, 177-183.
143. Iskandar, F. Nanoparticle processing for optical applications-A review. Adv. Powder Technol. 2009, 20, 283-292.
144. Zhu, T.; Cloutier, S.G.; Ivanov, I.; Knappenberger, K.L.; Robel, I.; Zhang, F. Nanocrystals for electronic and optoelectronic applications. J. Nanomater. 2012, 2012, doi:10.1155/2012/392742.
145. Sarkar, R.; Kumbhakar, P.; Mitra, A.K. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its optical properties. Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostruct. 2010, 5, 491-496.
146. Podgaetsky, V.M.; Tereshchenko, S.A.; Reznichenko, A.V.; Selishchev, S.V. Laser-limiting materials for medical use. In Optical Technologies for Industrial, Environmental, and Biological Sensing; International Society for Optics and Photonics: Bellingham, WA, USA, 2004; pp. 183-191.
147. Bao, H.; Hao, N.; Yang, Y.; Zhao, D. Biosynthesis of biocompatible cadmium telluride quantum dots using yeast cells. Nano Res. 2010, 3, 481-489.
148. Bao, H.; Lu, Z.; Cui, X.; Qiao, Y.; Guo, J.; Anderson, J.M.; Li, C.M. Extracellular microbial synthesis of biocompatible CdTe quantum dots. Acta Biomater. 2010, 6, 3534-3541.