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Quantitative measurements showed that the intensity variations among the discrete luminescent signals were within a factor of 3. Thus, the observed signals arose primarily from single QDs and, perhaps, a small population of double-and triple-dot aggregates. Protein BSA should adsorb nonspecifically on the QDs, but it did not cause particle aggregation.
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We are grateful to M. A. Hines and P. Guyot-Sionnest for their help in QD synthesis and for providing the original ZnS-capped CdSe sample. We also thank A. K. Reuter for bulk optical measurement, R. Turner for TEM, and S. R. Emory for valuable discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF grant CHE-9610254 and by the Petroleum Research Fund grant 32231-AC5. S.N. acknowledges the Whitaker Foundation for a Biomedical Engineering Award and the Beckman Foundation for a Beckman Young Investigator Award.
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