A multimodal theory of affect diffusion

Psychological Bulletin

Volumn 141, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 966-992

  Peters, Kim ^a   Kashima, Yoshihisa ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Affect; Diffusion; Emotional contagion; Group emotion; Social appraisal

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; EMOTION; HUMAN; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; OBJECT RELATION; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

AFFECT; EMOTIONS; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

EID: 84939574700     PISSN: 00332909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000020     Document Type: Article

References (277)

1. Adelmann, P. K., & Zajonc, R. B. (1989). Facial efference and the experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 249-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001341
2. Almirol, E. B. (1981). Chasing the elusive butterfly: Gossip and the pursuit of reputation. Ethnicity, 8, 293-304.
3. Anders, S., Heinzle, J., Weiskopf, N., Ethofer, T., & Haynes, J. D. (2011). Flow of affective information between communicating brains. Neuro-Image, 54, 439-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.004
4. Anderson, C., & Keltner, D. (2004). The emotional convergence hypothesis: Implications for individuals, relationships, and cultures. In L. Z. Tiedens & C. W. Leach (Eds.), The social life of emotions (Studies in emotion and social interaction) (pp. 144-163). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819568.009
5. Anderson, C., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2003). Emotional convergence between people over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1054-1068.
6. Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
7. Averill, J. R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist, 38, 1145-1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.38.11.1145
8. Bachorowski, J.-A. (1999). Vocal expression and perception of emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 53-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00013
9. Bachorowski, J.-A., & Owren, M. J. (1995). Vocal expression of emotion: Acoustic properties of speech are associated with emotional intensity and context. Psychological Science, 6, 219-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00596.x
10. Bangerter, A. (2004). Using pointing and describing to achieve joint focus of attention in dialogue. Psychological Science, 15, 415-419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00694.x
11. Banse, R., & Scherer, K. R. (1996). Acoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 614-636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.614
12. Barsade, S. G. (2002). The ripple effects: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 644-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3094912
13. Bartel, C. A., & Saavedra, R. (2000). The collective construction of work group moods. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 197-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2667070
14. Bartholomew, R. E., & Victor, J. S. (2004). A social-psychological theory of collective anxiety: The "mad gasser" reexamined. The Sociological Quarterly, 45, 229-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2004.tb00011.x
15. Barthomeuf, L., Droit-Volet, S., & Rousset, S. (2012). How emotions expressed by adults' faces affect the desire to eat liked and disliked foods in children compared to adults. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 30, 253-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02033.x
16. Bavelas, J. B., Black, A., Lemery, C. R., & Mullett, J. (1986). "I show how you feel": Motor mimicry as a communicative act. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 322-329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.322
17. Bayliss, A. P., Frischen, A., Fenske, M. J., & Tipper, S. P. (2007). Affective evaluations of objects are influenced by observed gaze direction and emotional expression. Cognition, 104, 644-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.012
18. Beaumont, P. (2011, February 25). The truth about Twitter, Facebook and the uprisings in the Arab world. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/twitter-facebook-uprisingsarab-libya
19. Beedie, C., Terry, P., & Lane, A. (2005). Distinctions between emotion and mood. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 847-878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930541000057
20. Bender, P. K., Pons, F., Harris, P. L., & de Rosnay, M. (2011). Do young children misunderstand their own emotions? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 8, 331-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2010.495615
21. Bennett, P., Lowe, R., & Honey, K. (2003). Brief report. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 511-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930244000093
22. Bernieri, F., Reznick, J. S., & Rosenthal, R. (1988). Synchrony, pseudosynchrony, and dissynchrony: Measuring the entrainment process in mother-infant inteactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 243-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.243
23. Blairy, S., Herrera, P., & Hess, U. (1999). Mimicry and the judgment of emotional facial expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 23, 5-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021370825283
24. Blumberg, H. H. (1972). Communication of interpersonal evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 157-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0033027
25. Bollen, J., Gonçalves, B., Ruan, G., & Mao, H. (2011). Happiness is assortative in online social networks. Artificial Life, 17, 237-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00034
26. Bourgeois, P., & Hess, U. (2008). The impact of social context on mimicry. Biological Psychology, 77, 343-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.11.008
27. Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Millar, N. H. (2000). Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 789-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930050156636
28. Bretherton, I., McNew, S., & Beeghly-Smith, M. (1981). Early person knowledge as expressed in gestural and verbal communication: When do infants acquire a "theory of mind"? In M. E. Lamb & L. R. Sherrod (Eds.), Infant social cognition (pp. 333-373). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Brosch, T., Pourtois, G., & Sander, D. (2010). The perception and categorization of emotional stimuli: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 377-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930902975754
30. Bruder, M., Dosmukhambetova, D., Nerb, J., & Manstead, A. S. (2012). Emotional signals in nonverbal interaction: Dyadic facilitation and convergence in expressions, appraisals, and feelings. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 480-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.645280
31. Buck, R., Losow, J. I., Murphy, M. M., & Costanzo, P. (1992). Social facilitation and inhibition of emotional expression and communication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 962-968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.962
32. Bush, L. K., Barr, C. L., McHugo, G. J., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1989). The effects of facial control and facial mimicry on subjective reactions to comedy routines. Motivation and Emotion, 13, 31-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995543
33. Cacioppo, J. T., Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2009). Alone in the crowd: The structure and spread of loneliness in a large social network. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 977-991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016076
34. Cardon, M. S. (2008). Is passion contagious? The transference of entrepreneurial passion to employees. Human Resource Management Review, 18, 77-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.04.001
35. Chapman, S., St. George, A., Waller, K., & Cakic, V. (2013). Spatiotemporal differences in the history of health and noise complaints about Australian wind farms: Evidence for the psychogenic, "communicated disease" hypothesis. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8977
36. Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2013). Social contagion theory: Examining dynamic social networks and human behavior. Statistics in Medicine, 32, 556-577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.5408
37. Christophe, V., & Rimé, B. (1997). Exposure to the social sharing of emotion: Emotional impact, listener responses and secondary social sharing. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 37-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199701)27:1_37::AID-EJSP806_3.0.CO;2-1
38. Clark, H. H. (2003). Pointing and placing. In S. Kita (Ed.), Pointing: Where language, culture, and cognition meet (pp. 243-268). Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum.
39. Collins, R. (1990). Stratification, emotional energy, and the transient emotions. In T. D. Kemper (Ed.), Research agendas in the sociology of emotions (pp. 27-57). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
40. Coviello, L., Sohn, Y., Kramer, A. D., Marlow, C., Franceschetti, M., Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2014). Detecting emotional contagion in massive social networks. PLoS One, 9, e90315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090315
41. Crichton, F., Dodd, G., Schmid, G., Gamble, G., & Petrie, K. J. (2014). Can expectations produce symptoms from infrasound associated with wind turbines? Health Psychology, 33, 360-364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031760
42. Critchley, H. D., & Nagai, Y. (2012). How emotions are shaped by bodily states. Emotion Review, 4, 163-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073911430132
43. Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., & Jetten, J. (2014). Depression and social identity: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18, 215-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868314523839
44. Curci, A., & Bellelli, G. (2004). Cognitive and social consequences of exposure to emotional narratives: Two studies on secondary social sharing of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 881-900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930341000347
45. Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes' error: Emotions, reason, and the human brain. New York, NY: Avon Books.
46. Davis, J. I., Senghas, A., Brandt, F., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010). The effects of BOTOX injections on emotional experience. Emotion, 10, 433-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018690
47. Davis, J. I., Senghas, A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2009). How does facial feedback modulate emotional experience? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 822-829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.06.005
48. De Leersnyder, J., Boiger, M., & Mesquita, B. (2013). Cultural regulation of emotion: Individual, relational, and structural sources. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00055
49. De Leersnyder, J., Mesquita, B., & Kim, H. S. (2011). Where do my emotions belong? A study of immigrants' emotional acculturation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 451-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211399103
50. de Melo, C. M., Carnevale, P. J., Read, S. J., & Gratch, J. (2014). Reading people's minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 73-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034251
51. Denrell, J., & Le Mens, G. (2007). Interdependent sampling and social influence. Psychological Review, 114, 398-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.2.398
52. de Waal, F. B. M. (2008). Putting the altruism back into altruism: The evolution of empathy. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 279-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625
53. Dezecache, G., Conty, L., Chadwick, M., Philip, L., Soussignan, R., Sperber, D., & Grèzes, J. (2013). Evidence for unintentional emotional contagion beyond dyads. PLoS One, 8, e67371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067371
54. Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1996). Behold the wrath: Psychophysiological responses to facial stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 20, 149-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253869
55. Dimberg, U., Thunberg, M., & Elmehed, K. (2000). Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Psychological Science, 11, 86-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00221
56. Dodds, P. S., Harris, K. D., Kloumann, I. M., Bliss, C. A., & Danforth, C. M. (2011). Temporal patterns of happiness and information in a global social network: Hedonometrics and Twitter. PLoS One, 6, e26752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026752
57. Dondi, M., Simion, F., & Caltran, G. (1999). Can newborns discriminate between their own cry and the cry of another newborn infant? Developmental Psychology, 35, 418-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.418
58. Driver, I. V. J., IV, Davis, G., Ricciardelli, P., Kidd, P., Maxwell, E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). Gaze perception triggers reflexive visuospatial orienting. Visual Cognition, 6, 509-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135062899394920
59. Duclos, S. E., Laird, J. D., Schneider, E., Sexter, M., Stern, L., & Van Lighten, O. (1989). Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 100-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.1.100
60. Durand, K., Gallay, M., Seigneuric, A., Robichon, F., & Baudouin, J. Y. (2007). The development of facial emotion recognition: The role of configural information. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 97, 14-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2006.12.001
61. Durkheim, E. (1976). The elementary forms of the religious life: A study in religious sociology. London, UK: Allen & Unwin. (Original work published 1915)
62. Ekman, P. (1972). Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. M. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1971 (Vol. 19, pp. 207-283). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
63. Ekman, P. (1984). Expression and the nature of emotion. In K. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 319-343). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
64. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1986). A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion. Motivation and Emotion, 10, 159-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992253
65. Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221, 1208-1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6612338
66. Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 203-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.203
67. Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2003). When familiarity breeds accuracy: Cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 276-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.276
68. Ellsworth, P. C., & Smith, C. A. (1988). Shades of joy: Patterns of appraisal differentiating pleasant emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 301-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699938808412702
69. Epstude, K., & Mussweiler, T. (2009). What you feel is how you compare: How comparisons influence the social induction of affect. Emotion, 9, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014148
70. Escalona, S. (1953). Emotional development in the first year of life. In M. J. Senn (Ed.), Problems of infancy and childhood. Mineola New Jersey: Foundation Press.
71. Fernández-Dols, J. M., & Ruiz-Belda, M. A. (1995). Are smiles a sign of happiness? Gold medal winners at the Olympic Games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1113-1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1113
72. Fischer, A. H., Rotteveel, M., Evers, C., & Manstead, A. S. (2004). Emotional assimilation: How we are influenced by other's emotions. Current Psychology of Cognition, 22, 223-246.
73. Flack, W. (2006). Peripheral feedback effects of facial expressions, bodily postures, and vocal expressions on emotional feelings. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 177-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930500359617
74. Flack, W. F., Laird, J. D., & Cavallaro, L. A. (1999). Separate and combined effects of facial expressions and bodily postures on emotional feelings. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 203-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3_203::AIDEJSP924_3.0.CO;2-8
75. Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgment: The affect infusion model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117, 39-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.39
76. Foroni, F., & Semin, G. R. (2009). Language that puts you in touch with your bodily feelings: The multimodal responsiveness of affective expressions. Psychological Science, 20, 974-980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02400.x
77. Foroni, F., & Semin, G. R. (2011). When does mimicry affect evaluative judgment? Emotion, 11, 687-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023163
78. Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2008). Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: Longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study. British Medical Journal, 337, a2338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2338
79. Fridlund, A. J. (1991). Sociality of solitary smiling: Potentiation by an implicit audience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 229-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.229
80. Fridlund, A. J. (1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. San Diego, Ca: Academic Press.
81. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
82. Frijda, N. H. (2004). Emotions and action. In A. S. R. Manstead, N. Frijda, & A. Fischer (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium (pp. 158-173). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
83. Frijda, N. H. (1994). Varieties of affect: emotions and episodes, moods, and sentiments. In P. Ekman, & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 59-67). New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press.
84. Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & Ter Schure, E. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.212
85. Frischen, A., & Tipper, S. P. (2004). Orienting attention via observed gaze shift evokes longer term inhibitory effects: Implications for social interactions, attention, and memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 516-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.133.4.516
86. Gable, P., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2010). The blues broaden, but the nasty narrows: Attentional consequences of negative affects low and high in motivational intensity. Psychological Science, 21, 211-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797609359622
87. Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., Impett, E. A., & Asher, E. R. (2004). What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 228-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.228
88. Gallacher, J., Bronstering, K., Palmer, S., Fone, D., & Lyons, R. (2007). Symptomatology attributable to psychological exposure to a chemical incident: A natural experiment. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 506-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2006.046987
89. Gardner, W. L., Fischer, D., & Hunt, J. G. J. (2009). Emotional labor and leadership: A threat to authenticity? The Leadership Quarterly, 20, 466-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.011
90. Gasper, K., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Attending to the big picture: Mood and global versus local processing of visual information. Psychological Science, 13, 34-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00406
91. Geangu, E., Benga, O., Stahl, D., & Striano, T. (2010). Contagious crying beyond the first days of life. Infant Behavior & Development, 33, 279-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.03.004
92. Gendolla, G. H. E. (2000). On the impact of mood on behavior: An integrative theory and a review. Review of General Psychology, 4, 378-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.4.378
93. Gendron, M., Lindquist, K. A., Barsalou, L., & Barrett, L. F. (2012). Emotion words shape emotion percepts. Emotion, 12, 314-325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026007
94. Glenberg, A. M., Havas, D., Becker, R., & Rinck, M. (2005). Grounding language in bodily states: The case for emotion. In D. Pecher & R. A. Zwaan (Eds.), Grounding cognition (pp. 115-128). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511499968.006
95. Goldie, P. (2002). Emotions, feelings and intentionality. Phenomenology and the CognitiveSciences, 1, 235-254.
96. Gomez, P., Zimmermann, P. G., Guttormsen Schär, S., & Danuser, B. (2009). Valence lasts longer than arousal. Journal of Psychophysiology, 23, 7-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.23.1.7
97. Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 95-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.95
98. Gump, B. B., & Kulik, J. A. (1997). Stress, affiliation, and emotional contagion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 305-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.305
99. Häfner, M., & Ijzerman, H. (2011). The face of love: Spontaneous accommodation as social emotion regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 1551-1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211415629
100. Halberstadt, J. B., & Niedenthal, P. M. (2001). Effects of emotion concepts on perceptual memory for emotional expressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 587-598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.587
101. Halberstadt, J., Winkielman, P., Niedenthal, P. M., & Dalle, N. (2009). Emotional conception: How embodied emotion concepts guide perception and facial action. Psychological Science, 20, 1254-1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02432.x
102. Hareli, S., & Hess, U. (2010). What emotional reactions can tell us about the nature of others: An appraisal perspective on person perception. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 128-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802613828
103. Hareli, S., & Hess, U. (2012). The social signal value of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 385-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.665029
104. Hariri, A. R., Tessitore, A., Mattay, V. S., Fera, F., & Weinberger, D. R. (2002). The amygdala response to emotional stimuli: A comparison of faces and scenes. NeuroImage, 17, 317-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1179
105. Hasson, U., Ghazanfar, A. A., Galantucci, B., Garrod, S., & Keysers, C. (2012). Brain-to-brain coupling: A mechanism for creating and sharing a social world. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 114-121.
106. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (pp.151-177). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
107. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
108. Hatfield, E., & Rapson, R. L. (2004). Religious and ethnic hatreds and global terrorism. In L. Z. Tiedens & C. W. Leach (Eds.), The social life of emotions (Vol. 2, pp. 129-143). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
109. Havas, D. A., Glenberg, A. M., Gutowski, K. A., Lucarelli, M. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2010). Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin-A affects processing of emotional language. Psychological Science, 21, 895-900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610374742
110. Havas, D. A., Glenberg, A. M., & Rinck, M. (2007). Emotion simulation during language comprehension. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 436-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03194085
111. Hawk, S. T., Fischer, A. H., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2012). Face the noise: Embodied responses to nonverbal vocalizations of discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 796-814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026234
112. Heath, C. (1996). Do people prefer to pass along good or bad news? Valence and relevance of news as predictors of transmission propensity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 68, 79-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.0091
113. Heath, C., Bell, C., & Sternberg, E. (2001). Emotional selection in memes: The case of urban legends. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1028-1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1028
114. Hess, U., & Blairy, S. (2001). Facial mimicry and emotional contagion to dynamic emotional facial expressions and their influence on decoding accuracy. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 40, 129-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(00)00161-6
115. Hess, U., & Fischer, A. (2013). Emotional mimicry as social regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17, 142-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868312472607
116. Hibel, L. C., Granger, D. A., Blair, C., & Cox, M. J. (2009). Intimate partner violence moderates the association between mother-infant adrenocortical activity across an emotional challenge. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 615-625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016323
117. Hill, A. L., Rand, D. G., Nowak, M. A., & Christakis, N. A. (2010). Emotions as infectious diseases in a large social network: The SISa model. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 3827-3835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1217
118. Hofelich, A. J., & Preston, S. D. (2012). The meaning in empathy: Distinguishing conceptual encoding from facial mimicry, trait empathy, and attention to emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 119-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.559192
119. Huntsinger, J. R., Lun, J., Sinclair, S., & Clore, G. L. (2009). Contagion without contact: Anticipatory mood matching in response to affiliative motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 909-922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167209335299
120. Ilies, R., Wagner, D. T., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Explaining affective linkages in teams: Individual differences in susceptibility to contagion and individualism-collectivism. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1140-1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.1140
121. Isen, A. M. (2002). A role for neuropsychology in understanding the facilitating influence of positive affect on social behavior and cognitive processes. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 528-540). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
122. Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
123. Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York, NY: Plenum Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2209-0
124. Johnson, E. J., Hershey, J., Meszaros, J., & Kunreuther, H. (1993). Framing, probability distortions, and insurance decisions. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 7, 35-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065313
125. Jones, S. S. (2007). Imitation in infancy: The development of mimicry. Psychological Science, 18, 593-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01945.x
126. Jones, S. S. (2009). The development of imitation in infancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 364, 2325-2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0045
127. Jones, S. S., Collins, K., & Hong, H. W. (1991). An audience effect on smile production in 10-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 2, 45-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00095.x
128. Kashima, Y. (2008). A social psychology of cultural dynamics: Examining how cultures are formed, maintained, and transformed. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 107-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00063.x
129. Kashima, Y., Bratanova, B., & Peters, K. (2011). Balancing the stability and change: A neo-diffusionist perspective on cultural dynamics of socially transformative ideas. In B. Wagoner, E. Jensen, & J. Oldmeadow (Eds.), Culture and social change: Transforming society through the power of ideas (pp. 125-144). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishers.
130. Keller, P. E., Novembre, G., & Hove, M. J. (2014). Rhythm in joint action: Psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms for real-time interpersonal coordination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369, 20130394.
131. Kelly, J. R., & Barsade, S. G. (2001). Mood and emotions in small groups and work teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 99-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2974
132. Kim, G., & Kwak, K. (2011). Uncertainty matters: Impact of stimulus ambiguity on infant social referencing. Infant and Child Development, 20, 449-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.708
133. Kolb, B., Wilson, B., & Taylor, L. (1992). Developmental changes in the recognition and comprehension of facial expression: Implications for frontal lobe function. Brain and Cognition, 20, 74-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2626(92)90062-Q
134. Korb, S., Grandjean, D., Samson, A. C., Delplanque, S., & Scherer, K. R. (2012). Stop laughing! Humor perception with and without expressive suppression. Social Neuroscience, 7, 510-524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2012.667573
135. Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology, 84, 394-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010
136. Kuppens, P., Van Mechelen, I., Smits, D. J., & De Boeck, P. (2003). The appraisal basis of anger: Specificity, necessity and sufficiency of components. Emotion, 3, 254-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.3.254
137. Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1968). Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 215-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0026570
138. Lawrence-Wood, E. (2011). Trust me, this is(n't) scary! How trust affects social emotional influence in threatening situations. (Unpublished PhD thesis, Flinders University, Australia). Retrieved from http://theses.flinders.edu.au/public/adt-SFU20110328.163841/index.html
139. Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
140. Lazarus, R. S. (1994). Universal antecedents of the emotions. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 163-171). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
141. Lazarus, R. S., & Alfert, E. (1964). Short-circuiting of threat by experimentally altering cognitive appraisal. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 195-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0044635
142. LeBon, G. (1895). The crowd: A study of the popular mind. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext96/tcrwd10.txt
143. LeBon, G. (1903). The crowd: A study of the popular mind. pp. 143. Accessed from http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/445
144. LeDoux, J. E. (1994). Emotion, memory and the brain. Scientific American, 270, 50-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0694-50
145. Lee, T. W., Dolan, R. J., & Critchley, H. D. (2011). Expression-induced bias in processing of facial emotions. Unpublished Manuscript cited in Critchley, H. D., & Nagai, Y. (2012). How emotions are shaped by bodily states. Emotion Review, 4, 163-168.
146. Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 473-493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999300402763
147. Levenson, R. W. (1992). Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3, 23-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00251.x
148. Likowski, K. U., Mühlberger, A., Seibt, B., Pauli, P., & Weyers, P. (2008). Modulation of facial mimicry by attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1065-1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.007
149. Likowski, K. U., Mühlberger, A., Seibt, B., Pauli, P., & Weyers, P. (2011). Processes underlying congruent and incongruent facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Emotion, 11, 457-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023162
150. Likowski, K. U., Weyers, P., Seibt, B., Stöhr, C., Pauli, P., & Mühlberger, A. (2011). Sad and lonely? Sad mood suppresses facial mimicry. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 35, 101-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-011-0107-4
151. Lindquist, K. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2008). Constructing emotion: The experience of fear as a conceptual act. Psychological Science, 19, 898-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02174.x
152. Lindquist, K. A., Barrett, L. F., Bliss-Moreau, E., & Russell, J. A. (2006). Language and the perception of emotion. Emotion, 6, 125-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.125
153. Lindquist, K. A., & Gendron, M. (2013). What's in a word? Language constructs emotion perception. Emotion Review, 5, 66-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451351
154. Lipps, T. (1907). Das Wissen von fremden Ichen. In T. Lipps (Ed.), Psychologische untersuchungen (Band 1, pp. 694-722). Leipzig, Germany: Engelmann.
155. Lishner, D. A., Cooter, A. B., & Zald, D. H. (2008). Rapid emotional contagion and expressive congruence under strong test conditions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 32, 225-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-008-0053-y
156. Locke, K. D., & Horowitz, L. M. (1990). Satisfaction in interpersonal interactions as a function of similarity in level of dysphoria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 823-831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.823
157. Lundqvist, L.-O., & Dimberg, U. (1995). Facial expressions are contagious. Journal of Psychophysiology, 9, 203-211.
158. Lyons, R. (2011). The spread of evidence-poor medicine via flawed socialnetwork analysis. Statistics, Politics, and Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/2151-7509.1024
159. Manstead, A. S. R. (1988). The role of facial movement in emotion. In H. L. Wagner (Ed.), Social psychophysiology and emotion: Theory and clinical applications (pp. 105-129). Oxford, UK: Wiley.
160. Maringer, M., Krumhuber, E. G., Fischer, A. H., & Niedenthal, P. M. (2011). Beyond smile dynamics: Mimicry and beliefs in judgments of smiles. Emotion, 11, 181-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022596
161. Marsh, K. L., Richardson, M. J., Baron, R. M., & Schmidt, R. C. (2006). Contrasting approaches to perceiving and acting with others. Ecological Psychology, 18, 1-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco1801_1
162. Martin, N. G., Maza, L., McGrath, S. J., & Phelps, A. E. (2014). An examination of referential and affect specificity with five emotions in infancy. Infant Behavior & Development. 37, 286-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.04.009
163. Masur, E. F. (2006). Vocal and action imitation by infants and toddlers during dyadic interactions. In S. J. Rogers & J. H. G. Williams (Eds.), Imitation and the social mind: Autism and typical development (pp.27-47). New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
164. Mauss, I. B., Levenson, R. W., McCarter, L., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology. Emotion, 5, 175-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.2.175
165. McCoy, C. L., & Masters, J. C. (1985). The development of children's strategies for the social control of emotion. Child Development, 56, 1214-1222.
166. McGarty, C., Bliuc, A.-M., Thomas, E. F., & Bongiorno, R. (2009). Collective action as the material expression of opinion-based group membership. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 839-857.
167. McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415-444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
168. Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
169. Metiu, A., & Rothbard, N. P. (2013). Task bubbles, artifacts, shared emotion, and mutual focus of attention: A comparative study of the microprocesses of group engagement. Organization Science, 24, 455-475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0738
170. Mixon, D. (1989). Obedience and civilization: Authorized crime and the normality of evil. London, U.K.: Pluto Press.
171. Morra, S., Parrella, I., & Camba, R. (2011). The role of working memory in the development of emotion comprehension. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29, 744-764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/2044-835X.002006
172. Morris, W. N. (1992). A functional analysis of the role of mood in affective systems. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 256-293). Thousand Oaks: CA Sage.
173. Mouilso, E., Glenberg, A. M., Havas, D., & Lindeman, L. M. (2007). Differences in action tendencies distinguish anger and sadness after comprehension of emotional sentences. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Cognitive Science Society, Austin, TX, 1325-1330.
174. Mumenthaler, C., & Sander, D. (2012). Social appraisal influences recognition of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 1118-1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026885
175. Neal, D. T., & Chartrand, T. L. (2011). Embodied emotion perception: Amplifying and dampening facial feedback modulates emotion perception accuracy. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2, 673-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550611406138
176. Néda, Z., Ravasz, E., Brechet, Y., Vicsek, T., & Barabási, A. L. (2000). Self-organizing processes: The sound of many hands clapping. Nature, 403, 849-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002660
177. Neumann, R., & Strack, F. (2000). "Mood contagion": The automatic transfer of mood between persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 211-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.211
178. Niedenthal, P. M. (2007). Embodying emotion. Science, 316, 1002-1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136930
179. Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., & Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 184-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_1
180. Niedenthal, P. M., Halberstadt, J. B., & Innes-Ker, Å. H. (1999). Emotional response categorization. Psychological Review, 106, 337-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.2.337
181. Niedenthal, P. M., Mermillod, M., Maringer, M., & Hess, U. (2010). The Simulation of Smiles (SIMS) model: Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 417-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X10000865
182. Niedenthal, P. M., Winkielman, P., Mondillon, L., & Vermeulen, N. (2009). Embodiment of emotion concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1120-1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015574
183. Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Viinikainen, M., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Hari, R., & Sams, M. (2012). Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 9599-9604.
184. Oatley, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1996). The communicative theory of emotions: Empirical tests, mental models, and implications for social interaction. In L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.), Striving and feeling: Interactions among goals, affect, and self-regulation (pp. 363-393). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
185. Oosterwijk, S., Rotteveel, M., Fischer, A. H., & Hess, U. (2009). Embodied emotion concepts: How generating words about pride and disappointment influences posture. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 457-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.584
186. Oosterwijk, S., Topper, M., Rotteveel, M., & Fischer, A. H. (2010). When the mind forms fear: Embodied fear knowledge potentiates bodily reactions to fearful stimuli. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 1, 65-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550609355328
187. Park, R. (1967). On social control and collective behavior. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
188. Parkinson, B. (1996). Emotions are social. British Journal of Psychology, 87, 663-683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x
189. Parkinson, B. (2011). Interpersonal emotion transfer: Contagion and social appraisal. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 428-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00365.x
190. Parkinson, B., Phiri, N., & Simons, G. (2012). Bursting with anxiety: Adult social referencing in an interpersonal Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Emotion, 12, 817-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026434
191. Parkinson, B., & Simons, G. (2009). Affecting others: Social appraisal and emotion contagion in everyday decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1071-1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167209336611
192. Parkinson, B., & Simons, G. (2012). Worry spreads: Interpersonal transfer of problem-related anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 462-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.651101
193. Pennebaker, J. W., & Harber, K. D. (1993). A social stage model of collective coping: The Loma Prieta Earthquake and the Persian Gulf War. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 125-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb01184.x
194. Pertierra, R., Ugarte, E. F., Pingol, A., Hernandez, J., & Dacanay, N. L. (2002). Txt-ing selves: Cellphones and Philippine modernity. Manila, Philippines: De La Salle University Press. Retrieved from http://www.finlandembassy.ph/texting1.htm
195. Pescosolido, A. T. (2002). Emergent leaders as managers of group emotion. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 583-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00145-5
196. Peters, K., & Kashima, Y. (2007). From social talk to social action: Shaping the social triad with emotion sharing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 780-797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.780
197. Peters, K., Kashima, Y., & Clark, A. (2009). Talking about others: Emotionality and the dissemination of social information. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 207-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.523
198. Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. (2002). Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 1-20.
199. Price, T. F., Dieckman, L. W., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2012). Embodying approach motivation: Body posture influences startle eyeblink and event-related potential responses to appetitive stimuli. Biological Psychology, 90, 211-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.04.001
200. Prinz, J. J. (2004). Gut reactions: A perceptual theory of emotion. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
201. Pugh, S. D. (2001). Service with a smile: Emotional contagion in the service encounter. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1018-1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069445
202. Radford, B., & Bartholomew, R. (2001). Pokémon contagion: Photosensitive epilepsy or mass psychogenic illness? Southern Medical Journal, 94, 197-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200194020-00005
203. Ray, E., & Heyes, C. (2011). Imitation in infancy: The wealth of the stimulus. Developmental Science, 14, 92-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00961.x
204. Reisenzein, R. (2000). Exploring the strength of association between the components of emotion syndromes: The case of surprise. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 1-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999300378978
205. Richardson, M. J., Marsh, K. L., Isenhower, R. W., Goodman, J. R., & Schmidt, R. C. (2007). Rocking together: Dynamics of intentional and unintentional interpersonal coordination. Human Movement Science, 26, 867-891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2007.07.002
206. Ridgeway, D., Waters, E., & Kuczaj, S. A. (1985). Acquisition of emotiondescriptive language: Receptive and productive vocabulary norms for ages 18 months to 6 years. Developmental Psychology, 21, 901-908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.5.901
207. Rimé, B., Corsini, S., & Herbette, G. (2002). Emotion, verbal expression, and the social sharing of emotion. In S. R. Fussell (Ed.), The verbal communication of emotions: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 185-208). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
208. Rimé, B., Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Zech, E., & Philippot, P. (1998). Social sharing of emotion: New evidence and new questions. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 145-189). Chichester, UK: Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14792779843000072
209. Rimé, B., Mesquita, B., Boca, S., & Philippot, P. (1991). Beyond the emotional event: Six studies on the social sharing of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 435-465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939108411052
210. Rimé, B., Philippot, P., Boca, S., & Mesquita, B. (1992). Long-lasting cognitive and social consequences of emotion: Social sharing and rumination. European Review of Social Psychology, 3, 225-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14792779243000078
211. Rives Bogart, K., & Matsumoto, D. (2010). Facial mimicry is not necessary to recognize emotion: Facial expression recognition by people with Moebius syndrome. Social Neuroscience, 5, 241-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470910903395692
212. Robinson, M. D. (2000). The reactive and prospective functions of mood: Its role in linking daily experiences and cognitive well-being. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 145-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026999300378914
213. Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 206-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.206
214. Rosenberg, E. L., & Ekman, P. (1994). Coherence between expressive and experiential systems in emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 201-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939408408938
215. Rotella, K. N., & Richeson, J. A. (2013). Body of guilt: Using embodied cognition to mitigate backlash to reminders of personal & ingroup wrongdoing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 643-650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.02.013
216. Saarni, C., Campos, J. J., Camras, L. A., & Witherington, D. (2006). Handbook of child psychology. New York, NY: John Wiley.
217. Sato, W., & Yoshikawa, S. (2007). Spontaneous facial mimicry in response to dynamic facial expressions. Cognition, 104, 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.05.001
218. Scherer, K. R. (1986). Vocal affect expression: A review and a model for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 143-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.143
219. Scherer, K. R. (2001). Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 92-120). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
220. Scherer, K. R. (2004). Feelings integrate the central representation of appraisal-driven response organization in emotion. In A. S. R. Manstead, N. H. Frijda, & A. H. Fischer (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium (pp. 136-157). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
221. Scherer, K. R. (2009). The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 1307-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930902928969
222. Scherer, K. R., Banse, R., & Wallbott, H. G. (2001). Emotion inferences from vocal expression correlate across languages and cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 76-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032001009
223. Scherer, K. R., Banse, R., Wallbott, H. G., & Goldbeck, T. (1991). Vocal cues in emotion encoding and decoding. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 123-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00995674
224. Scherer, K. R., & Brosch, T. (2009). Culture-specific appraisal biases contribute to emotion dispositions. European Journal of Personality, 23, 265-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.714
225. Scherer, K. R., & Ceschi, G. (1997). Lost luggage: A field study of emotion-antecedent appraisal. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 211-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024498629430
226. Scherer, K. R., & Ellgring, H. (2007). Multimodal expression of emotion: Affect programs or componential appraisal patterns? Emotion, 7, 158-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.158
227. Scherer, K. R., & Grandjean, D. (2008). Facial expressions allow inference of both emotions and their components. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 789-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930701516791
228. Schimmack, U., & Crites, S. L. J. R. (2005). The structure of affect. In D. Albarracan, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 397-435). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
229. Schoenewolf, G. (1990). Emotional contagion: Behavioral induction in individuals and groups. Modern Psychoanalysis, 15, 49-61.
230. Schupp, H. T., Öhman, A., Junghöfer, M., Weike, A. I., Stockburger, J., & Hamm, A. O. (2004). The facilitated processing of threatening faces: An ERP analysis. Emotion, 4, 189-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.2.189
231. Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution and judgement of well-being. Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513-523.
232. Sebanz, N., Bekkering, H., & Knoblich, G. (2006). Joint action: Bodies and minds moving together. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 70-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.12.009
233. Segrin, C. (2004). Concordance on negative emotion in close relationships: Transmission of emotion or assortative mating? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 836-856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.6.836.54802
234. Shalizi, C. R., & Thomas, A. C. (2011). Homophily and contagion are generically confounded in observational social network studies. Sociological Methods & Research, 40, 211-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124111404820
235. Shockley, K., Baker, A. A., Richardson, M. J., & Fowler, C. A. (2007). Articulatory constraints on interpersonal postural coordination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 201-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.33.1.201
236. Simner, M. L. (1971). Newborn's response to the cry of another infant. Developmental Psychology, 5, 136-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0031066
237. Singer, T., & Frith, C. (2005). The painful side of empathy. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 845-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn0705-845
238. Smith, C. A., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1985). Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 813-838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813
239. Smith, C. A., Haynes, K. N., Lazarus, R. S., & Pope, L. K. (1993). In search of the "hot" cognitions: Attributions, appraisals, and their relation to emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 916-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.5.916
240. Smith, C. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 233-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939308409189
241. Sorce, J., Emde, R., Campos, J., & Klinnert, M. (1985). Maternal emotional signaling: Its effect on the visual cliffbehavior of 1-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 21, 195-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.1.195
242. Soussignan, R. (2002). Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and autonomic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Emotion, 2, 52-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.2.1.52
243. Soussignan, R., Chadwick, M., Philip, L., Conty, L., Dezecache, G., & Grèzes, J. (2013). Self-relevance appraisal of gaze direction and dynamic facial expressions: Effects on facial electromyographic and autonomic reactions. Emotion, 13, 330.
244. Speisman, J. C., Lazarus, R. S., Davison, L., & Mordkoff, A. M. (1964). Experimental analysis of a film used as a threatening stimulus. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28, 23-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0047028
245. Spoor, J., & Kelly, J. (2004). The evolutionary significance of affect in groups: Communication and group bonding. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 7, 398-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430204046145
246. Steinel, W., Van Kleef, G. A., & Harinck, F. (2008). Are you talking to me?! Separating the people from the problem when expressing emotions in negotiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 362-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.12.002
247. Stel, M., & van Knippenberg, A. (2008). The role of facial mimicry in the recognition of affect. Psychological Science, 19, 984-985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02188.x
248. Stepper, S., & Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.211
249. Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 768-777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.768
250. Striano, T., Vaish, A., & Benigno, J. P. (2006). The meaning of infants' looks: Information seeking and comfort seeking? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24, 615-630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151005X67566
251. Sy, T., & Choi, J. N. (2013). Contagious leaders and followers: Exploring multi-stage mood contagion in a leader activation and member propagation (LAMP) model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 122, 127-140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.06.003
252. Thomas, E. F., & McGarty, C. A. (2009). The role of efficacy and moral outrage norms in creating the potential for international development activism through group-based interaction. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 115-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466608X313774
253. Thompson, R. A., & Goodvin, R. (2007). Taming the tempest in the teapot: Emotion regulation in toddlers. In C. A. Brownell & C. B. Kopp (Eds.), Transitions in early socioemotional development: The toddler years (pp.320-341). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
254. Totterdell, P. (2000). Catching moods and hitting runs: Mood linkage and subjective performance in professional sport teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 848-859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.6.848
255. Totterdell, P., Kellett, S., Teuchmann, K., & Briner, R. B. (1998). Evidence of mood linkage in work groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1504-1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1504
256. van der Schalk, J., Fischer, A., Doosje, B., Wigboldus, D., Hawk, S., Rotteveel, M., & Hess, U. (2011). Convergent and divergent responses to emotional displays of ingroup and outgroup. Emotion, 11, 286-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022582
257. VanderWeele, T. J. (2011). Sensitivity analysis for contagion effects in social networks. Sociological Methods & Research, 40, 240-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124111404821
258. Van Doorn, E. A., Heerdink, M. W., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2012). Emotion and the construal of social situations: Inferences of cooperation versus competition from expressions of anger, happiness, and disappointment. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 442-461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.648174
259. Van Kleef, G. A. (2009). How emotions regulate social life: The emotions as social information (EASI) model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 184-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x
260. van Reekum, C., Johnstone, T., Banse, R., Etter, A., Wehrle, T., & Scherer, K. (2004). Psychophysiological responses to appraisal dimensions in a computer game. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 663-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930341000167
261. Verduyn, P., Van Mechelen, I., & Frederix, E. (2012). Determinants of the shape of emotion intensity profiles. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 1486-1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.662152
262. Vicari, S., Reilly, J. S., Pasqualetti, P., Vizzotto, A., & Caltagirone, C. (2000). Recognition of facial expressions of emotions in school-age children: The intersection of perceptual and semantic categories. Acta Paediatrica, 89, 836-845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00392.x
263. Volmer, J. (2012). Catching leaders' mood: Contagion effects in teams. American Scientist, 2, 203-220.
264. von Goethe, J.-W. (1989). The sorrows of young Werther. London, UK: Penguin Books. (Original work published 1774)
265. von Scheve, C., & Ismer, S. (2013). Towards a theory of collective emotions. Emotion Review, 5, 406-413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073913484170
266. Waters, S. F., West, T. V., & Mendes, W. B. (2014). Stress contagion: Physiological covariation between mothers and infants. Psychological Science, 25, 934-942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613518352
267. Weyers, P., Mühlberger, A., Kund, A., Hess, U., & Pauli, P. (2009). Modulation of facial reactions to avatar emotional faces by nonconscious competition priming. Psychophysiology, 46, 328-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00771.x
268. Wicker, B., Keysers, C., Plailly, J., Royet, J.-P., Gallese, V., & Rizzolatti, G. (2003). Both of us disgusted in my insula: The common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust. Neuron, 40, 655-664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00679-2
269. Widen, S. C. (2013). Children's interpretation of facial expressions: The long path from valence-based to specific discrete categories. Emotion Review, 5, 72-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451492
270. Widen, S. C., & Russell, J. A. (2008). Children acquire emotion categories gradually. Cognitive Development, 23, 291-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.01.002
271. Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001). Are emotions contagious? Evoked emotions while viewing emotionally expressive faces: Quality, quantity, time course and gender differences. Psychiatry Research, 102, 109-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00225-6
272. Williams, S. R., Cash, E., Daup, M., Geronimi, E. M., Sephton, S. E., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2013). Exploring patterns in cortisol synchrony among anxious and nonanxious mother and child dyads: A preliminary study. Biological Psychology, 93, 287-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.015
273. Wilson-Mendenhall, C. D., Barrett, L. F., Simmons, W. K., & Barsalou, L. W. (2011). Grounding emotion in situated conceptualization. Neuropsychologia, 49, 1105-1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.032
274. Winkielman, P., Berridge, K. C., & Wilbarger, J. L. (2005). Unconscious affective reactions to masked happy versus angry faces influence consumption behavior and judgments of value. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 121-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271309
275. Zajonc, R. B., & McIntosh, D. N. (1992). Emotions research: Some promising questions and some questionable promises. Psychological Science, 3, 70-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00261.x
276. Zajonc, R. B., Murphy, S. T., & Inglehart, M. (1989). Feeling and facial efference: Implications of the vascular theory of emotion. Psychological Review, 96, 395-416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.3.395
277. Zuckerman, M., Klorman, R., Larrance, D. T., & Spiegel, N. H. (1981). Facial, autonomic, and subjective components of emotion: The facial feedback hypothesis versus the externalizer-internalizer distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 929-944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.5.929