Emotional assimilation: How we are influenced by others' emotions

Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 223-245

  Fischer, Agneta H ^a   Rotteveel, Mark ^a   Evers, Catharine ^a   Manstead, Antony S R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anger; Emotional assimilation; Emotional contagion; Sadness

Indexed keywords

EID: 3042732870     PISSN: 02499185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Anderson, C., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2003). Emotional convergence between people over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1054-1068.
2. Bavelas, J. B., Black, A., Lemery, C. R., & Mullett, J. (1986). "I show how you feel": Motor mimicry as a communicative act. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 322-329.
3. Buck, R. W., Savin, V. J., Miller, R. E., & Caul, W. F. (1972). Communication of affect through facial expressions in humans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 362-371.
4. Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N.C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3, 48-67.
5. Campos, J. J. (1980). Human emotions: Their new importance and their role in social referencing. Research and Clinical Center for Child Development 1980-1981, Annual Rpt: 1-7.
6. Campos, J. J., & Sternberg, C. (1981). Perception, appraisal, and emotion: The onset of social referencing. In M. E. Lamb & L. R. Sherrod (Eds.), Infant social cognition: Empirical and theoretical considerations (pp. 273-314). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chameleon effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 893-910.
8. Chovil, N. (1991). Social determinants of facial displays. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 15, 141-151
9. Coyne, J. C. (1976). Depression, and response of others. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 186-193.
10. Dimberg, U. (1988). Facial electromyography and the experience of emotion. Journal of Psychophysiology, 2, 277-282.
11. Dimberg, U., & Lundquist, L. O. (1990). Gender differences in facial reactions to facial expressions. Biological Psychology, 30, 151-159
12. nd ed., pp. 693-709). New York: Guilford.
13. Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48, 384-392.
14. Ekman, P., Friesen, W, & Ancoli, S. (1980). Facial signs of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1123-1134.
15. Feinman, S. (Ed.) (1992). Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy. New York: Plenum.
16. Feldman Barren, L., & Salovey, P. (Eds.) (2002). The wisdom in feeling. Psychological processes in emotional intelligence. New York: Guilford.
17. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations, 7, 117-140.
18. Fischer, A. H., Manstead, A. S. R., & Zaalberg, R. (2003). Social influences on the emotion process. European Review of Social Psychology, 14, 171-202.
19. Fridlund, A. J. (1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
20. Gump, B. B., & Kulik, J. A. (1997). Stress, affiliation, and emotional contagion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 305-319.
21. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., Rapson, R. L. (1992). Primitive emotional contagion. In M. S. Clark (Ed), Emotion and social behavior( Review of personality and social psychology, Vol. 14, pp. 151-177). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
22. Hess, U., Banse, R., & Kappas, A. (1995). The intensity of facial expression is determined by underlying affective state and social situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 280-288.
23. nd ed., pp. 236-249). New York: Guilford.
24. Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (1999). Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 505-521.
25. LaFrance, M. (1979). Nonverbal synchrony and rapport: Analysis by the cross-lag panel technique. Psychological Quarterly, 42, 66-70.
26. LaFrance, M., & Hecht, M. A. (2000). Gender and smiling: A meta-analysis. In A. H. Fischer (Ed.), Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 118-142). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. LaFrance, M., Hecht, M. A., & Paluck, E. L. (2003). The contingent smile: A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 305-334.
28. Lakin, J. L. Jefferis, V. E., Cheng, C. M., & Chartrand, T. (2003). The chameleon effect as social glue: Evidence for the evolutionary significance of nonconscious mimicry. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27, 145-162.
29. Lundquist, L. O., & Dimberg, U. (1995). Facial expressions are contagious. Journal of Psychophysiology, 9, 203-211.
30. Manstead, A. S. R., & Fischer, A. H. (2001). Social appraisal: The social world as object of and influence on appraisal processes. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 221-232). New York: Oxford University Press.
31. Manstead, A. S. R., Fischer, A. H., & Jakobs, E. (1999). The social and emotional functions of facial displays. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman, & E. Coats (Eds.), The social context of nonverbal behavior (pp. 287-313). New York: Cambridge University Press.
32. Markus, H. M., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
33. Parkinson, B. (1996). Emotions are social. British Journal of Psychology, 87, 663-683.
34. Provine, R. R. (1989). Contagious yawning and infant imitation. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27, 125-126.
35. Provine, R. R. (1992). Contagious laughter: Laughter is a sufficient stimulus for laughs and smiles. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30, 1-4.
36. Roseman, I. J. (2001). A model of appraisal in the emotion system: Integrating theory, research and applications. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 68-92). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Salovey, P., & Mayer, D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211.
38. Schachter, S. (1959). The psychology of affiliation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
39. Sonnby-Borgström, M. (2002). Automatic mimicry reactions as related to differences in emotional empathy. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 433-443.
40. Tiedens, L. Z. (2001). Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: The effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 86-94.
41. Van Baaren, R. B., Maddux, W.W., Chartrand, T. L., de Bouter, C., & van Knippenberg, A. (2003). It takes two to mimic: Consequences of self-construals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1093-1103.
42. Vaughan, K. B., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1980). Vicarious instigation and conditioning of facial expressive and autonomic responses to a model's expressive display of pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 909-923.
43. Wagner, H. L., MacDonald, C. J., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1986). Communication of individual emotions by spontaneous facial expressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 737-743.