Principles of electromagnetic waves in metasurfaces

Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy

Volumn 58, Issue 9, 2015, Pages

  Luo, XianGang ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF OPTICS AND ELECTRONICS   (China)

Author keywords

diffraction limit; flat lens; metasurface; perfect absorption; subwavelength structure

Indexed keywords

CHROMATIC DISPERSION; CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDES; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETS;

BROADBAND ANTI REFLECTIONS; CONSTITUTIVE PARAMETERS; DIFFRACTION LIMITS; FLAT LENS; METASURFACE; POLARIZATION CONVERSION; SUB-WAVELENGTH STRUCTURES; THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) SPACE;

DIFFRACTION;

EID: 84938704833     PISSN: 16747348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11433-015-5688-1     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Lauterbach M A. Finding, defining and breaking the diffraction barrier in microscopy–a historical perspective. Opt Nanoscopy, 2012, 1: 1–8
2. Stelzer E H K, Grill S. The uncertainty principle applied to estimate focal spot dimensions. Opt Commun, 2000, 173: 51–56
3. Zheludev N I. What diffraction limit? Nat Mater, 2008, 7: 420–422
4. Saleh B E A, Teich M C. Fundamentals of Photonics. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Wiley & Sons, 2007
5. Aieta F, Kats M A, Genevet P, et al. Multiwavelength achromatic metasurfaces by dispersive phase compensation. Science, 2015, 347: 1342–1345
6. Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W. Surface plasmon subwavelength optics. Nature, 2003, 424: 824–830
7. Pendry J B, Schurig D, Smith D R. Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science, 2006, 312: 1780–1782
8. Pendry J B. Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys Rev Lett, 2000, 85: 3966–3969
9. Bloembergen N, Pershan P S. Light waves at the boundary of nonlinear media. Phys Rev, 1962, 128: 606–622
10. Hao J, Yuan Y, Ran L, et al. Manipulating electromagnetic wave polarizations by anisotropic metamaterials. Phys Rev Lett, 2007, 99: 063908
11. Pu M, Chen P, Wang Y, et al. Anisotropic meta-mirror for achromatic electromagnetic polarization manipulation. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 102: 131906
12. Grady N K, Heyes J E, Chowdhury D R, et al. Terahertz metamaterials for linear polarization conversion and anomalous refraction. Science, 2013, 340: 1304–1307
13. Guo Y, Wang Y, Pu M, et al. Dispersion management of anisotropic metamirror for super-octave bandwidth polarization conversion. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 8434
14. Knott E F, Lunden C D. The two-sheet capacitive Jaumann absorber. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 1995, 43: 1339–1343
15. Zadeh A K, Karlsson A. Capacitive circuit method for fast and efficient design of wideband radar absorbers. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2009, 57: 2307–2314
16. Pu M, Hu C, Wang M, et al. Design principles for infrared wide-angle perfect absorber based on plasmonic structure. Opt Express, 2011, 19: 17413–17420
17. Feng Q, Pu M, Hu C, et al. Engineering the dispersion of metamaterial surface for broadband infrared absorption. Opt Lett, 2012, 37: 2133–2135
18. Ye D, Wang Z, Xu K, et al. Ultrawideband dispersion control of a metamaterial surface for perfectly-matched-layer-like absorption. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 111: 187402
19. Zhao Y, Liu X X, Alù A. Recent advances on optical metasurfaces. J Opt, 2014, 16: 123001
20. Yu N, Capasso F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces. Nat Mater, 2014, 13: 139–150
21. Kildishev A V, Boltasseva A, Shalaev V M. Planar photonics with metasurfaces. Science, 2013, 339: 1232009
22. Wood R W. On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum. Proc Phys Soc London, 1902, 18: 269
23. Senior T. Approximate boundary conditions. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 1981, 29: 826–829
24. Luo X, Ishihara T. Surface plasmon resonant interference nanolithography technique. Appl Phys Lett, 2004, 84: 4780–4782
25. Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, et al. Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens. Science, 2005, 308: 534–537
26. Liu Z, Lee H, Xiong Y, et al. Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects. Science, 2007, 315: 1686–1686
27. Liu Z, Wei Q, Zhang X. Surface plasmon interference nanolithography. Nano Lett, 2005, 5: 957–961
28. Xiang Z. Flying plasmonic lens in the near field for high-speed nanolithography. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 3: 733–737
29. Xu T, Wang C, Du C, et al. Plasmonic beam deflector. Opt Express, 2008, 16: 4753–4759
30. Yu N, Genevet P, Kats M A, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science, 2011, 334: 333–337
31. Luo X, Yan L. Surface plasmon polaritons and its applications. IEEE Photonics J, 2012, 4: 590–595
32. Sun S, He Q, Xiao S, et al. Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat Mater, 2012, 11: 426–431
33. Pu M, Feng Q, Wang M, et al. Ultrathin broadband nearly perfect absorber with symmetrical coherent illumination. Opt Express, 2012, 20: 2246–2254
34. Li S, Luo J, Anwar S, et al. An equivalent realization of coherent perfect absorption under single beam illumination. Sci Rep, 2014, 4: 7369
35. Vakil A, Engheta N. Transformation optics using graphene. Science, 2011, 332: 1291–1294
36. Chen P Y, Alù A. Atomically thin surface cloak using graphene monolayers. ACS Nano, 2011, 5: 5855–5863
37. Pu M, Chen P, Wang Y, et al. Strong enhancement of light absorption and highly directive thermal emission in graphene. Opt Express, 2013, 21: 11618–11627
38. Hadad Y, Davoyan A R, Engheta N, et al. Extreme and quantized magneto-optics with graphene meta-atoms and metasurfaces. ACS Photonics, 2014, 1: 1068–1073
39. Meinzer N, Barnes W L, Hooper I R. Plasmonic meta-atoms and metasurfaces. Nat Photonics, 2014, 8: 889–898
40. Holloway C L, Kuester E F, Gordon J A, et al. An overview of the theory and applications of metasurfaces: The two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag, 2012, 54: 10–35
41. Minovich A E, Miroshnichenko A E, Bykov A Y, et al. Functional and nonlinear optical metasurfaces. Laser Photonics Rev, 2015, 9: 195–213
42. Pendry J B, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J. Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces. Science, 2004, 305: 847–848
43. Karlsson A. Approximate boundary conditions for thin structures. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2009, 57: 144–148
44. Pu M, Hu C, Huang C, et al. Investigation of Fano resonance in planar metamaterial with perturbed periodicity. Opt Express, 2013, 21: 992–1001
45. Maier S A. Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications. New York: Springer, 2007
46. Jacob Z, Alekseyev L V, Narimanov E. Optical hyperlens: Far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Opt Express, 2006, 14: 8247–8256
47. Kildishev A V, Narimanov E E. Impedance-matched hyperlens. Opt Lett, 2007, 32: 3432–3434
48. Poddubny A, Iorsh I, Belov P, et al. Hyperbolic metamaterials. Nat Photonics, 2013, 7: 948–957
49. Liang G, Wang C, Zhao Z, et al. Squeezing bulk plasmon polaritons through hyperbolic metamaterial for large area deep subwavelength interference lithography. Adv Opt Mater, doi: 10.1002/adom.201400596
50. Wang C, Gao P, Tao X, et al. Far field observation and theoretical analyses of light directional imaging in metamaterial with stacked metal-dielectric films. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 103: 031911
51. Xu T, Agrawal A, Abashin M, et al. All-angle negative refraction and active flat lensing of ultraviolet light. Nature, 2013, 497: 470–474
52. Maas R, Verhagen E, Parsons J, et al. Negative refractive index and higher-order harmonics in layered metallodielectric optical metamaterials. ACS Photonics, 2014, 1: 670–676
53. Ren G, Wang C, Yi G, et al. Subwavelength demagnification imaging and lithography using hyperlens with a plasmonic reflector layer. Plasmonics, 2013, 8: 1065–1072
54. Chen X, Grzegorczyk T, Wu B, et al. Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials. Phys Rev E, 2004, 70: 016608
55. Choi M, Lee S H, Kim Y, et al. A terahertz metamaterial with unnaturally high refractive index. Nature, 2011, 470: 369–373
56. Luo X, Ishihara T. Subwavelength photolithography based on surface- plasmon polariton resonance. Opt Express, 2004, 12: 3055–3065
57. Pfeiffer C, Grbic A. Metamaterial Huygens’ surfaces: Tailoring wave fronts with reflectionless sheets. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 110: 197401
58. Ni X, Emani N K, Kildishev A V, et al. Broadband light bending with plasmonic nanoantennas. Science, 2012, 335: 427–427
59. Zhang X, Tian Z, Yue W, et al. Broadband terahertz wave deflection based on C-shape complex metamaterials with phase discontinuities. Adv Mater, 2013, 25: 4567–4572
60. Pu M, Zhao Z, Wang Y, et al. Spatially and spectrally engineered spin-orbit interaction for achromatic virtual shaping. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 9822
61. Gilbert D. On the mathematical theory of suspension bridges, with tables for facilitating their construction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond, 1826, 116: 202–218
62. Bustamante C, Tinoco I, Maestre M F. Circular differential scattering can be an important part of the circular dichroism of macromolecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1983, 80: 3568–3572
63. Lin D, Fan P, Hasman E, et al. Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements. Science, 2014, 345: 298–302
64. Ma X, Pu M, Li X, et al. A planar chiral meta-surface for optical vortex generation and focusing. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 10365
65. Wang Y, Pu M, Hu C, et al. Dynamic manipulation of polarization states using anisotropic meta-surface. Opt Commun, 2014, 319: 14–16
66. Doumanis E, Goussetis G, Gómez-Tornero J L, et al. Anisotropic impedance surfaces for linear to circular polarization conversion. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2012, 60: 212–219
67. Yang J, Luo F, Kao T S, et al. Design and fabrication of broadband ultralow reflectivity black Si surfaces by laser micro/nanoprocessing. Light Sci Appl, 2014, 3: e185
68. Pan W, Huang C, Chen P, et al. A low-RCS and high-gain partially reflecting surface antenna. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2014, 62: 945–949
69. Rozanov K N. Ultimate thickness to bandwidth ratio of radar absorbers. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2000, 48: 1230–1234
70. Gramotnev D K, Bozhevolnyi S I. Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit. Nat Photonics, 2010, 4: 83–91
71. Wang C, Gao P, Zhao Z, et al. Deep sub-wavelength imaging lithography by a reflective plasmonic slab. Opt Express, 2013, 21: 20683–20691
72. Gao P, Yao N, Wang C, et al. Enhancing aspect profile of half-pitch 32 nm and 22 nm lithography with plasmonic cavity lens. Appl Phys Lett, 2015, 106: 093110
73. Chaturvedi P, Wu W, Logeeswaran V J, et al. A smooth optical superlens. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 96: 043102
74. Yan Y, Li L, Feng C, et al. Microsphere-coupled scanning laser confocal nanoscope for sub-diffraction-limited imaging at 25 nm lateral resolution in the visible spectrum. ACS Nano, 2014, 8: 1809–1816
75. Rittweger E, Han K Y, Irvine S E, et al. STED microscopy reveals crystal colour centres with nanometric resolution. Nat Photonics, 2009, 3: 144–147
76. Rogers E T F, Lindberg J, Roy T, et al. A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging. Nat Mater, 2012, 11: 432–435
77. Wang Z, Guo W, Li L, et al. Optical virtual imaging at 50 nm lateral resolution with a white-light nanoscope. Nat Commun, 2011, 2: 218
78. Garcia-Vidal F J, Martin-Moreno L, Ebbesen T W, et al. Light passing through subwavelength apertures. Rev Mod Phys, 2010, 82: 729–787
79. Sun S, Yang K Y, Wang C M, et al. High-efficiency broadband anomalous reflection by gradient meta-surfaces. Nano Lett, 2012, 12: 6223–6229
80. Pors A, Nielsen M G, Bozhevolnyi S I. Analog computing using reflective plasmonic metasurfaces. Nano Lett, 2015, 15: 791–797
81. Aieta F, Genevet P, Kats M, et al. Aberrations of flat lenses and aplanatic metasurfaces. Opt Express, 2013, 21: 31530–31539
82. Pu M, Chen P, Wang C, et al. Broadband anomalous reflection based on low-Q gradient meta-surface. AIP Adv, 2013, 3: 052136
83. Di Francia G T. Super-gain antennas and optical resolving power. G Suppl Nuovo Cim, 1952, 9: 426–438
84. Born M, Wolf E. Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999
85. Canales V F, de Juana D M, Cagigal M P. Superresolution in compensated telescopes. Opt Lett, 2004, 29: 935–937
86. Land E H. Polarizing refracting bodies. US Patent, 1933, 1918848
87. Ma X, Pan W, Huang C, et al. An active metamaterial for polarization manipulating. Adv Opt Mater, 2014, 2: 945–949
88. Robbie K, Brett M J, Lakhtakia A. Chiral sculptured thin films. Nature, 1996, 384: 616
89. Gansel J K, Thiel M, Rill M S, et al. Gold helix photonic metamaterial as broadband circular polarizer. Science, 2009, 325: 1513–1515
90. Lerosey G, de Rosny J, Tourin A, et al. Focusing beyond the diffraction limit with far-field time reversal. Science, 2007, 315: 1120–1122
91. Woltersdorff W. Über die optischen Konstanten dünner Metallschichten im langwelligen Ultrarot. Z Für Phys Hadrons Nucl, 1934, 91: 230–252
92. Knott E F, Shaeffer J F, Tuley M T. Radar Cross Section, 2nd ed. USA: SciTech Publishing, 2004
93. Salisbury W W. Absorbent body for electromagnetic waves. US Patent, 1952: 2599944
94. Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, et al. Perfect metamaterial absorber. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100: 207402
95. Hu C, Zhao Z, Chen X, et al. Realizing near-perfect absorption at visible frequencies. Opt Express, 2009, 17: 11039–11044
96. Pu M, Wang M, Hu C, et al. Engineering heavily doped silicon for broadband absorber in the terahertz regime. Opt Express, 2012, 20: 25513–25519
97. Planck M, Masius M. The Theory of Heat Radiation. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston’s Son & Co. 1914
98. Chong Y D, Ge L, Cao H, et al. Coherent perfect absorbers: Time-reversed lasers. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105: 053901
99. Pu M, Feng Q, Hu C, et al. Perfect absorption of light by coherently induced plasmon hybridization in ultrathin metamaterial film. Plasmonics, 2012, 7: 733–738
100. Wan W, Chong Y, Ge L, et al. Time-reversed lasing and interferometric control of absorption. Science, 2011, 331: 889–892
101. Chen P Y, Argyropoulos C, Alù A. Broadening the cloaking bandwidth with non-Foster metasurfaces. Phys Rev Lett, 2013, 111: 233001
102. Aspelmeyer M, Kippenberg T J, Marquardt F. Cavity optomechanics. Rev Mod Phys, 2014, 86: 1391
103. Xiong H, Si L. Review of cavity optomechanics in the weakcoupling regime: From linearization to intrinsic nonlinear interactions. Sci China-Phys Mech Astron, 2015, 58: 050302
104. Boardman A D, Grimalsky V V, Kivshar Y S, et al. Active and tunable metamaterials. Laser Photonics Rev, 2011, 5: 287–307
105. Chen H-T, Padilla W J, Zide J M O, et al. Active terahertz metamaterial devices. Nature, 2006, 444: 597–600
106. Wu X, Hu C, Wang Y, et al. Active microwave absorber with the dual-ability of dividable modulation in absorbing intensity and frequency. AIP Adv, 2013, 3: 022114
107. Lee J, Jung S, Chen P-Y, et al. Ultrafast electrically tunable polaritonic metasurfaces. Adv Opt Mater, 2014, 2: 1057–1063