Anticholinesterse and antioxidant investigations of crude extracts, subsequent fractions, saponins and flavonoids of Atriplex laciniata L.: Potential effectiveness in Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders

Biological Research

Volumn 48, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-11

  Kamal, Zul ^a,b   Ullah, Farhat ^b   Ayaz, Muhammad ^b   Sadiq, Abdul ^b   Ahmad, Sajjad ^b   Zeb, Anwar ^b   Hussain, Abid ^b   Imran, Muhammad ^b  

^a Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University   (Pakistan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MALAKAND   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

ABTS; DPPH; Gallic acid; H2< inf>O2< inf>; IC50< inf> and anticholinesterase; Phenolic flavonoid contents

Indexed keywords

ATRIPLEX LACINIATA;

2,2'-AZINO-DI-(3-ETHYLBENZOTHIAZOLINE)-6-SULFONIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ANTIOXIDANT; BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVE; CHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; FLAVONOID; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; PLANT EXTRACT; SAPONIN; SCAVENGER; SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ATRIPLEX; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECTS; IC50; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE;

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANTS; ATRIPLEX; BENZOTHIAZOLES; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; FLAVONOIDS; FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS; INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION 50; MEDICINE, TRADITIONAL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHENOLS; PLANT EXTRACTS; SAPONINS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; SULFONIC ACIDS;

EID: 84930172367     PISSN: 07169760     EISSN: 07176287     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0011-1     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Amel OH, Malek BH, Hichem BJ, Ali L, Mahjoub A, Boulbaba S. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from Rapistrum rugosum in Tunisia. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2013;3(5):367–74.
2. Thatoi H, Patra J, Das S. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of mangrove plants: a review. Acta Physiol Plant. 2014;36(3):561–9.
3. Lashuel HA, Hartley D, Petre BM, Walz T, Lansbury PT. Neurodegenerative disease: amyloid pores from pathogenic mutations. Nature. 2002;418(6895):291–1.
4. De Strooper B, Annaert W. Proteolytic processing and cell biological functions of the amyloid precursor protein. J Cell Sci. 2000;113(11):1857–70.
5. Reddy PH, Beal MF. Are mitochondria critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease? Brain Res Rev. 2005;49(3):618–32.
6. Davies P, Maloney A. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet. 1976;308(8000):1403.
7. Reinikainen K, Soininen H, Riekkinen P. Neurotransmitter changes in Alzheimer’s disease: implications to diagnostics and therapy. J Neurosci Res. 1990;27(4):576–86.
8. Palmer A, Francis P, Benton J, Sims N, Mann D, Neary D, et al. Presynaptic serotonergic dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem. 1987;48(1):8–15.
9. Davies P, Katzman R, Terry RD. Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer senile dementa. Nature. 1980;288(5788):279–80.
10. Voet D, Voet JG. Serine proteases. In: Biochemistry. 2nd ed. USA: John Wiley and Sons; 1995. p. 390.
11. Knapp MJ, Knopman DS, Solomon PR, Pendlebury WW, Davis CS, Gracon SI. A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer’s diseaseThe Tacrine study group. J Am Med Assoc. 1994;271:985–91.
12. Allain H, Bentué‐Ferrer D, Tribut O, Gauthier S, Michel BF, Rochelle CDL. Alzheimer’s disease: the pharmacological pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2003;17(4):419–28.
13. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. NSAIDs and Alzheimer disease: epidemiological, animal model and clinical studies. Neurobiol Aging. 2007;28(5):639–47.
14. Rinaldi P, Polidori M, Metastasio A, Mariani E, Mattioli P, Cherubini A, et al. Plasma antioxidants are similarly depleted in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2003;24(7):915–9.
15. Yasar S, Corrada M, Brookmeyer R, Kawas C. Calcium channel blockers and risk of AD: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2005;26(2):157–63.
16. Refolo LM, Pappolla MA, LaFrancois J, Malester B, Schmidt SD, Thomas Bryant T, et al. A cholesterol-lowering drug reduces β-amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2001;8(5):890–9.
17. Tildesley N, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, Ballard CG, Savelev S, Wesnes KA, et al. Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish Sage) enhances memory in healthy young volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):669–74.
18. Ha SK, Moon E, Ju MS, Kim DH, Ryu JH, Oh MS, et al. 6-Shogaol, a ginger product, modulates neuroinflammation: A new approach to neuroprotection. Neuropharmacol. 2012;63(2):211–23.
19. Wang R, Yan H. Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine1. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006;27(1):1–26.
20. DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, Kronmal RA, Ives DG, Saxton JA, et al. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;300(19):2253–62.
21. Szilágyi G, Nagy Z, Balkay L, Boros I, Emri M, Lehel S, et al. Effects of vinpocetine on the redistribution of cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in chronic ischemic stroke patients: a PET study. J Neurol Sci. 2005;229:275–84.
22. Lee S-T, Chu K, Sim J-Y, Heo J-H, Kim M. Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2008;22(3):222–6.
23. Heinrich M, Teoh HL. Galanthamine from snowdrop-the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;92:147–62.
24. Anekonda TS, Reddy PH. Can herbs provide a new generation of drugs for treating Alzheimer’s disease? Brain Res Rev. 2005;50(2):361–76.
25. Akhondzadeh S, Abbasi SH. Herbal medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2006;21(2):113–8.
26. Perry NSL, Houghton PJ, Theobald A, Jenner P, Perry EK. In-vitro inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil and constituent terpenes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52:895–902.
27. Barlow S. Toxicological aspects of antioxidants used as food additives. In: Hudson BJF, editor. Food Antioxidants. London: Elsevier; 1990. p. 253–307.
28. Ichikawa H, Ichiyanagi T, Xu B, Yoshii Y, Nakajima M, Konishi T. Antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extract from purple black rice. J Med Food. 2001;4(4):211–8.
29. Shah SM, Sadiq A, Ullah F. Antioxidant, total phenolic contents and antinociceptive potential of Teucrium stocksianum methanolic extract in different animal models. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):181.
30. Lopes DV, Caruso RR, Castro NG, Costa PR, da Silva AJ, Noël F. Characterization of a new synthetic isoflavonoid with inverse agonist activity at the central benzodiazepine receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;495(2):87–96.
31. Zahran M. Climate–vegetation and human welfare in the coastal deserts. In: Climate-Vegetation, vol. 4. Netherlands: Springer; 2010. p. 249–95.
32. Mikaili P, Shayegh J, Asghari MH. Review on the indigenous use and ethnopharmacology of hot and cold natures of phytomedicines in the Iranian traditional medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(2):S1189–93.
33. Moyo M, Ndhlala AR, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Phenolic composition, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Sclerocarya birrea and Harpephyllum caffrum(Anacardiaceae) extracts. Food Chem. 2010;123(1):69–76.
34. Sharma GN, Dubey SK, Sati N, Sanadya J. Phytochemical Screening and Estimation of Total Phenolic Content in Aegle marmelos Seeds. Int J Pharm Chem Res. 2011;2(3):27–9.
35. Zeb A, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmad S, Ayaz M. Phytochemical and toxicological investigations of crude methanolic extracts, subsequent fractions and crude saponins of Isodon rugosus. Biol Res. 2014;47(1):57.
36. Ayaz M, Junaid M, Subhan F, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ahmad S, et al. Heavy metals analysis, phytochemical, phytotoxic and anthelmintic investigations of crude methanolic extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins from Polygonum hydropiper L. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):465.
37. Zeb A, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ahmad S, Ayaz M. Investigations of anticholinestrase and antioxidant potentials of methanolic extract, subsequent fractions, crude saponins and flavonoids isolated from Isodon rugosus. Biol Res. 2014;47(1):1–10.
38. Imran M, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ayaz M, Ahmad S, Kamal Z, et al. Investigation of total phenolic contents, antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic potentials of crude methanolic extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins of Nonea micrantha Boiss. & Reut. Pharmacologyonline. 2014;3:26–31.
39. Pietta P-G. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J Nat Prod. 2000;63(7):1035–42.
40. Debnath T, Park P-J, Deb Nath NC, Samad NB, Park HW, Lim BO. Antioxidant activity of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit extracts. Food Chem. 2011;128(3):697–703.
41. Shah S, Shah SMM, Ahmad Z, Yaseen M, Shah R, Sadiq A, et al. Phytochemicals, in vitro antioxidant, total phenolic contents and phytotoxic activity of Cornus macrophylla Wall bark collected from the North-West of Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(1):23–8.
42. Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yong M, Rice-Evas C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved FBTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Rad Biol Med. 1999;26(9/10):1231–7.
43. Shah SMM, Sadiq A, Shah SMH, Khan S. Extraction of saponins and toxicological profile of Teucrium stocksianum boiss extracts collected from District Swat, Pakistan. Biol Res. 2014;47(1):65.
44. Trevisan MTS, Macedo FBVV, Meent MVD, Rhee IK, Verpoorte R. Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants to treat Alzheimer’s disease. QuÃmica Nova. 2003;26(3):301–4.
45. Classics Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961;7:88–95.
46. Shahidi F, Janitha P, Wanasundara P. Phenolic antioxidants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1992;32(1):67–103.
47. Kim D-O, Jeong SW, Lee CY. Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem. 2003;81(3):321–6.
48. Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA, Sovik KN, Ritchard NT, Hartzfeld PW, et al. High molecular weight plant polyphenolics (tannins) as biological antioxidants. J Agric Food Chem. 1998;46(5):1887–92.
49. Park H-H, Lee S, Son H-Y, Park S-B, Kim M-S, Choi E-J, et al. Flavonoids inhibit histamine release and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mast cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2008;31(10):1303–11.
50. Ayaz M, Junaid M, Ahmed J, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ahmad S, et al. Phenolic contents, antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials of crude extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins from Polygonum hydropiper L. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):145.
51. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier M, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 1995;28:25–30.
52. Howes MJR, Perry NS, Houghton PJ. Plants with traditional uses and activities, relevant to the management of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders. Phytother Res. 2003;17(1):1–18.
53. Ruch RJ, Cheng S-j, Klaunig JE. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis. 1989;10:1003–8.
54. Howes M-JR, Houghton PJ. Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):513–27.
55. Tundis R, Menichini F, Conforti F, Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Statti G, et al. A potential role of alkaloid extracts from Salsola species (Chenopodiaceae) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2009;24(3):818–24.