Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 222-226

  Lee, Soon Tae ^a,b   Chu, Kon ^a,b   Sim, Ji Young ^a   Heo, Jae Hyeok ^c   Kim, Manho ^a,b  

^a Seoul National University Hospital   (South Korea)

^b Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^c Seoul Medical Science Institute   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Alzheimer disease; Alzheimer disease assessment scale (ADAS); Ginseng; Mini mental status examination (MMSE)

Indexed keywords

HERBACEOUS AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE ASSESSMENT SCALE; ANOREXIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DIZZINESS; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; GINSENG; HEADACHE; HEAT SENSATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NAUSEA; POWDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; TREATMENT DURATION;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL STATUS SCHEDULE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PANAX; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT EXTRACTS;

EID: 52649150959     PISSN: 08930341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e31816c92e6     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;58: 1685-1693.
2. Nitta H, Matsumoto K, Shimizu M, et al. Panax ginseng extract improves the scopolamine-induced disruption of 8-arm radial maze performance in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995;18:1439-1442.
3. Zhao R, McDaniel WF. Ginseng improves strategic learning by normal and brain-damaged rats. Neuroreport. 1998;9:1619-1624.
4. Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75:687-700.
5. Abe K, Cho SI, Kitagawa I, et al. Differential effects of ginsenoside Rbl and malonylginsenoside Rbl on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats. Brain Res. 1994;649:7-11.
6. Mook-Jung I, Hong HS, Boo JH, et al. Ginsenoside Rbl and Rgl improve spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice. J Neurosci Res. 2001;63:509-515.
7. D'Angelo L, Grimaldi R, Caravaggi M, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on the effect of a standardized ginseng extract on psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers. J Ethnopharmacol. 1986;16:15-22.
8. Sorensen HSJ. A double masked study of the effects of ginseng on cognitive functions. Curr Ther Res. 1996;57:959-968.
9. Kennedya DO, Scholeya AB, Wesnes KA. Dose dependent changes in cognitive performance and mood following acute administration of Ginseng to healthy young volunteers. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4: 295-310.
10. Chen F, Eckman EA, Eckman CB. Reductions in levels of the Alzheimer's amyloid beta peptide after oral administration of ginsenosides. FASEB J. 2006;20:1269-1271.
11. Joo SS, Lee DI. Potential effects of microglial activation induced by ginsenoside Rg3 in rat primary culture: enhancement of type A Macrophage Scavenger Receptor expression. Arch Pharm Res. 2005; 28:1164-1169.
12. Tohda C, Kuboyama T, Komatsu K. Search for natural products related to regeneration of the neuronal network. Neurosignals. 2005; 14:34-45.
13. Wang LC, Wang B, Ng SY, et al. Effects of ginseng saponins on beta-amyloid-induced amnesia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;103: 103-108.
14. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984;34: 939-944.
15. Nam KY. The comparative understanding between red ginseng and white ginsengs, processed ginsengs (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). J Ginseng Res. 2005;1:1-18.
16. Rosen WG, Mohs RC, Davis KL. A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1984;141:1356-1364.
17. Wilcock GK, Lilienfeld S, Gaens E. Efficacy and safety of galantamine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Galantamine International-1 Study Group. BMJ. 2000;321:1445-1449.
18. Lian XY, Zhang Z, Stringer JL. Protective effects of ginseng components in a rodent model of neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol. 2005;57:642-648.
19. Lewis R. Wake G. Court G. et al. Non-ginsenoside nicotinic activity in ginseng species. Phytoither Res. 1999:13:59-64.
20. Tohda C. Matsumoto N. Zou K. et al. Abeta(25-35)-indueed memory impairment, axonal atrophy, and synaptic loss are ameliorated by Ml. A metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type saponins. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004:29:860 868.
21. Lim JH. Wen TC. Matsuda S. et al. Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rbl. a main ingredient of ginseng root. Neurosei Res. 1997:28:191 200.
22. Kitts DD. Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. Anlioxidant properties of a North American ginseng extract. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000:203:1 10.
23. Salim KN. McEwen BS, Chao HM. Ginsenoside Rbl regulates ChAT, NGF and trkA mRNA expression in the rat brain. Bruin Res Mol Brain Res. 1997;47:177 182.
24. Cheng Y, Shen LH, Zhang JT. Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rgl and Rbl and its mechanism of action. Ada Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26:143 149.
25. Kim CS. Park JB. Kim KJ. et al. Effect of Korea red ginseng on cerebral blood flow and superoxide production. Ada Pharmacol Sin. 2002;23:1152 1156.
26. Shen LH. Zhang JT. Ginsenoside Rgl promotes proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells. Neurol Res. 2004;26:422-428.
27. Tachikawa E. Kudo K. Harada K. et al. Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuli. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999;369:23 32.
28. Li W FJ. HPLC determination of ginsenosides content in ginseng dietary supplements using ultraviolet detection. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol. 2002;25:2485-2500.
29. Kurimoto H. Nishijo H. Uwano T. et al. Effects of nonsaponin fraction of red ginseng on learning deficits in aged rats. Physiol Behav. 2004;82:345-355.
30. Yamazaki M. Hirakura K. Miyaichi Y, et al. Effect of polyacety-lenes on the neurite outgrowth of neuronal culture cells and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001:24:1434-1436.