Regulating and facilitating: The role of emotional intelligence in maintaining and using positive affect for creativity

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 100, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 917-934

  Parke, Michael R ^a   Seo, Myeong Gu ^a   Sherf, Elad N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Creativity; Emotional intelligence; Knowledge processing requirements; Positive affect

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; CREATIVITY; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AFFECT; CREATIVITY; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84929024154     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: 19391854     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0038452     Document Type: Article

References (147)

1. Ackerman, P. L., & Kanfer, R. (2009). Test length and cognitive fatigue:An empirical examination of effects on performance and test-taker reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 15, 163-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015719
2. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
3. Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
4. Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 367-403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367
5. Amabile, T. M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the work environment for creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1154-1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256995
6. Baas, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nijstad, B. A. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: Hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Psychological Bulletin, 134, 779-806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012815
7. Barczak, G., Lassk, F., & Mulki, J. (2010). Antecedents of team creativity:An examination of team emotional intelligence, team trust and collaborative culture. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19, 332-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00574.x
8. Barrett, L. F., & Barrett, D. J. (2001). Experience sampling in psychology. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 175-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900204
9. Barrett, L. F., & Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotional intelligence: A process model of emotion representation and regulation. In T. J. Mayne & G. A. Bonanno (Eds.), Emotions: Current issues and future directions (pp. 286-310). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
10. Barrett, L. F., & Russell, J. A. (1998). Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 967-984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.967
11. Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (2007). Why does affect matter in organizations? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21, 36-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2007.24286163
12. Beal, D. J., & Ghandour, L. (2011). Stability, change, and the stability of change in daily workplace affect. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 526-546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.713
13. Bledow, R., Rosing, K., & Frese, M. (2013). A dynamic perspective on affect and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 432-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0894
14. Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2003). Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1147-1158. http://dx .doi.org/10.1177/0146167203254596
15. Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Shiffman, S., Lerner, N., & Salovey, P. (2006). Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 780-795. http://dx.doi .org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.780
16. Brannick, M. T., Chan, D., Conway, J. M., Lance, C. E., & Spector, P. E. (2010). What is method variance and how can we cope with it? A panel discussion. Organizational Research Methods, 13, 407-420. http://dx .doi.org/10.1177/1094428109360993
17. Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279-307. http://dx.doi .org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135156
18. Castro, F., Gomes, J., & de Sousa, F. C. (2012). Do intelligent leaders make a difference? The effect of a leader's emotional intelligence on followers' creativity. Creativity and Innovation Management, 21, 171-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2012.00636.x
19. Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 65-74. http://dx.doi .org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.65
20. Chen, G., Bliese, P. D., & Mathieu, J. E. (2005). Conceptual framework and statistical procedures for delineating and testing multilevel theories of homology. Organizational Research Methods, 8, 375-409. http://dx .doi.org/10.1177/1094428105280056
21. Côté, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 459-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091233
22. Côté, S., Decelles, K. A., McCarthy, J. M., Van Kleef, G. A., & Hideg, I. (2011). The Jekyll and Hyde of emotional intelligence: Emotionregulation knowledge facilitates both prosocial and interpersonally deviant behavior. Psychological Science, 22, 1073-1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611416251
23. Côté, S., Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., & Miners, C. T. H. (2010). Emotional intelligence and leadership emergence in small groups. Leadership Quarterly, 21, 496-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.012
24. Côté, S., & Miners, C. T. H. (2006). Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 1-28.
25. Crawford, E. R., Lepine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: A theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 834-848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019364
26. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
27. Diefendorff, J. M., Richard, E. M., & Yang, J. (2008). Linking emotion regulation strategies to affective events and negative emotions at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73, 498-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.09.006
28. Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
29. Dierdorff, E. C., & Morgeson, F. P. (2013). Getting what the occupation gives: Exploring multilevel links between work design and occupational values. Personnel Psychology, 66, 687-721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/peps.12023
30. Dong, Y., Seo, M., & Bartol, K. M. (2014). No pain, no gain: An affect-based model of developmental job experience and the buffering effects of emotional intelligence. Academy of Management Journal, 57, 1056-1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0687
31. Edwards, J. R., & Lambert, L. S. (2007). Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis. Psychological Methods, 12, 1-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.1
32. Elfenbein, H. A. (2007). Emotion in organizations: A review and theoretical integration. Academy of Management Annals, 1, 315-386. http://dx .doi.org/10.1080/078559812
33. Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002). Predicting workplace outcomes from the ability to eavesdrop on feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 963-971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.963
34. Epitropaki, O., & Martin, R. (2005). From ideal to real: A longitudinal study of the role of implicit leadership theories on leader-member exchanges and employee outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 659-676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.659
35. Farh, C. I. C., Seo, M. G., & Tesluk, P. E. (2012). Emotional intelligence, teamwork effectiveness, and job performance: The moderating role of job context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 890-900. http://dx.doi .org/10.1037/a0027377
36. Feldman, L. A. (1995). Valence focus and arousal focus: Individual differences in the structure of affective experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 153-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.153
37. Fisher, C. D. (2000). Mood and emotions while working: Missing pieces of job satisfaction? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 185-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200003)21:2<185::AIDJOB34>3.0.CO;2-M
38. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process:Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
39. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5 .992
40. Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 745-774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141456
41. Fong, C. T. (2006). The effects of emotional ambivalence on creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 1016-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.22798182
42. Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680 .2.3.300
43. Fujita, F., Diener, E., & Sandvik, E. (1991). Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: The case for emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 427-434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.427
44. George, J. M. (1991). State or trait: Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 299-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.299
45. George, J. M. (2007). Creativity in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 1, 439-477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/078559814
46. George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2002). Understanding when bad moods foster creativity and good ones don't: The role of context and clarity of feelings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 687-697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.687
47. George, J. M., & Zhou, J. (2007). Dual tuning in a supportive context: Joint contributions of positive mood, negative mood, and supervisory behaviors to employee creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 605-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.25525934
48. Gerhart, B. (1988). Sources of variance in incumbent perceptions of job complexity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 154-162. http://dx.doi .org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.2.154
49. Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 827-844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010 .82.6.827
50. Gilson, L. L., & Shalley, C. E. (2004). A little creativity goes a long way:An examination of teams' engagement in creative processes. Journal of Management, 30, 453-470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2003.07.001
51. Glomb, T. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Rotundo, M. (2004). Emotional labor demands and compensating wage differentials. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 700-714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010 .89.4.700
52. Gohm, C. L., & Clore, G. L. (2000). Individual differences in emotional experience: Mapping available scales to processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 679-697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167200268004
53. Gohm, C. L., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Affect as information: An individual differences approach. In L. F. Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), The wisdom in feeling: Psychological processes in emotional intelligence (pp. 89-113). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
54. Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands:Tilburg University Press.
55. Gottfredson, L. S., & Richards, J. M., Jr. (1999). The meaning and measurement of environments in Holland's theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 57-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1697
56. Grant, A. M. (2013). Rocking the boat but keeping it steady: The role of emotion regulation in employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 56, 1703-1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0035
57. Grant, A. M., & Berry, J. W. (2011). The necessity of others is the mother of invention: Intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective taking, and creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 73-96. http://dx.doi .org/10.5465/AMJ.2011.59215085
58. Greguras, G. J., Robie, C., Schleicher, D. J., & Goff, M. I. (2003). A field study of the effects of rating purpose on the quality of multisource ratings. Personnel Psychology, 56, 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j .1744-6570.2003.tb00141.x
59. Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation:Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237. http://dx .doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224
60. Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299. http://dx.doi .org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
61. Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation: Taking stock and moving forward. Emotion, 13, 359-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032135
62. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
63. Gross, J. J., Sheppes, G., & Urry, H. L. (2011). Emotion generation and emotion regulation: A distinction we should make (carefully). Cognition and Emotion, 25, 765-781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011 .555753
64. Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-24). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
65. Harris, D. J., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Kaufman, J. C. (2013). The effect of emotional intelligence and task type on malevolent creativity. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 7, 237-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032139
66. Hennessey, B. A., & Amabile, T. M. (2010). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 569-598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych .093008.100416
67. Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
68. Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A metaanalytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332-1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
69. Ilies, R., Wilson, K. S., & Wagner, D. T. (2009). The spillover of daily job satisfaction onto employees' family lives: The facilitating role of workfamily integration. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 87-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.36461938
70. Isen, A. M., & Daubman, K. A. (1984). The influence of affect on categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1206-1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206
71. Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122-1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6 .1122
72. Isen, A. M., Johnson, M. M., Mertz, E., & Robinson, G. F. (1985). The influence of positive affect on the unusualness of word associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1413-1426. http://dx .doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1413
73. Ivcevic, Z., Brackett, M. A., & Mayer, J. D. (2007). Emotional intelligence and emotional creativity. Journal of Personality, 75, 199-235. http://dx .doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00437.x
74. Johns, G. (2006). The essential impact of context on organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 31, 386-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2006.20208687
75. Joseph, D. L., Jin, J., Newman, D. A., & O'Boyle, E. H. (2014). Why does self-reported emotional intelligence predict job performance? A metaanalytic investigation of mixed EI. Journal of Applied Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037681
76. Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 54-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
77. Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., & Locke, E. A. (2000). Personality and job satisfaction: The mediating role of job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 237-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.2.237
78. Kafetsios, K., & Zampetakis, L. A. (2008). Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: Testing the mediatory role of positive and negative affect at work. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 712-722. http://dx.doi .org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.004
79. Kluemper, D. H., DeGroot, T., & Choi, S. (2013). Emotion management ability: Predicting task performance, citizenship, and deviance. Journal of Management, 39, 878-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206311407326
80. LeBreton, J. M., & Senter, J. L. (2008). Answers to 20 questions about interrater reliability and interrater agreement. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 815-852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428106296642
81. LeDoux, J. E. (1995). Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 209-235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.46 .020195.001233
82. LePine, J. A., LePine, M. A., & Jackson, C. L. (2004). Challenge and hindrance stress: Relationships with exhaustion, motivation to learn, and learning performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 883-891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.883
83. LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor-Hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 764-775. http://dx.doi .org/10.5465/AMJ.2005.18803921
84. Liao, H., Liu, D., & Loi, R. (2010). Looking at both sides of the social exchange coin: A social cognitive perspective on the joint effects of relationship quality and differentiation on creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1090-1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2010 .54533207
85. Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leadermember exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24, 43-72.
86. Liu, C., Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. (2005). The relation of job control with job strains: A comparison of multiple data sources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 325-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317905X26002
87. MacCann, C., & Roberts, R. D. (2008). New paradigms for assessing emotional intelligence: Theory and data. Emotion, 8, 540-551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012746
88. Madjar, N., Oldham, G. R., & Pratt, M. G. (2002). There's no place like home? The contributions of work and nonwork creativity support to employees' creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 757-767. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069309
89. Magen, E., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Harnessing the need for immediate gratification: Cognitive reconstrual modulates the reward value of temptations. Emotion, 7, 415-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2 .415
90. March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2, 71-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2 .1.71
91. Martin, L. L., Ward, D. W., Achee, J. W., & Wyer, R. S. (1993). Mood as input: People have to interpret the motivational implications of their moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 317-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.317
92. Martin, R., & Wall, T. D. (1989). Attentional demand and cost responsibility as stressors in shopfloor jobs. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 69-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256420
93. Mathieu, J. E., & Taylor, S. R. (2006). Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1031-1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.406
94. Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (1999). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27, 267-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00016-1
95. Mayer, J. D., Roberts, R. D., & Barsade, S. G. (2008). Human abilities:Emotional intelligence. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 507-536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093646
96. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2002). Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) user's manual. Toronto, Canada:Multihealth Systems.
97. Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion, 3, 97-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.97
98. McRae, K., Ciesielski, B., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Unpacking cognitive reappraisal: Goals, tactics, and outcomes. Emotion, 12, 250-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026351
99. McRae, K., Jacobs, S. E., Ray, R. D., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Individual differences in reappraisal ability: Links to reappraisal frequency, well-being, and cognitive control. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 2-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.003
100. Melamed, S., Ben-Avi, I., Luz, J., & Green, M. S. (1995). Objective and subjective work monotony: Effects on job satisfaction, psychological distress, and absenteeism in blue-collar workers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 29-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.80.1.29
101. Miu, A. C., & Crişan, L. G. (2011). Cognitive reappraisal reduces the susceptibility to the framing effect in economic decision making. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 478-482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.020
102. Mom, T. J. M., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2007). Investigating managers' exploration and exploitation activities: The influence of top-down, bottom-up, and horizontal knowledge inflows. Journal of Management Studies, 44, 910-931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00697.x
103. Morgeson, F. P., & Dierdoff, E. C. (2011). Work analysis: From technique to theory. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: Vol. 2. Selecting and developing members for the organization (pp. 3-41). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
104. Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1321-1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
105. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2010). Mplus User's Guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
106. Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 607-634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256657
107. Peterson, N. G., Mumford, M. D., Borman, W. C., Jeanneret, P. R., & Fleishman, E. A. (1999). An occupational information system for the 21st century: The development of ONET. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
108. Quinn, R. W., Spreitzer, G. M., & Lam, C. F. (2012). Building a sustainable model of human energy in organizations: Exploring the critical role of resources. Academy of Management Annals, 6, 337-396. http://dx.doi .org/10.1080/19416520.2012.676762
109. Rego, A., Sousa, F., Pina, M., Correia, A., & Saur-Amaral, I. (2007). Leader self-reported emotional intelligence and perceived employee creativity: An exploratory study. Creativity and Innovation Management, 16, 250-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2007.00435.x
110. Roseman, I. J., Spindel, M. S., & Jose, P. E. (1990). Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 899-915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.899
111. Rubin, R. S., Munz, D. C., & Bommer, W. H. (2005). Leading from within:The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 845-858. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2005.18803926
112. Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 805-819. http://dx .doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.805
113. Salovey, P., Bedell, B. T., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (1999). Coping intelligently: Emotional intelligence and the coping process. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 141-164). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
114. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
115. Sansone, C., Thoman, D., & Smith, J. (2010). Interest and self-regulation:Understanding individual variability in choices, efforts and persistence over time. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of personality and selfregulation (pp. 192-217). Wiley-Blackwell.
116. Sansone, C., Weir, C., Harpster, L., & Morgan, C. (1992). Once a boring task always a boring task? Interest as a self-regulatory mechanism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 379-390. http://dx .doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.379
117. Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (2nd ed., pp. 527-561). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
118. Scott, B. A., & Barnes, C. M. (2011). A multilevel field investigation of emotional labor, affect, work withdrawal, and gender. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 116-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ .2011.59215086
119. Scott, B. A., Barnes, C. M., & Wagner, D. T. (2012). Chameleonic or consistent? A multilevel investigation of emotional labor variability and self-monitoring. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 905-926. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.1050
120. Seo, M. G., & Barrett, L. F. (2007). Being emotional during decision making, good or bad? An empirical investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 923-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007 .26279217
121. Seo, M. G., Barrett, L. F., & Bartunek, J. M. (2004). The role of affective experience in work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29, 423-439.
122. Shalley, C. E., Gilson, L. L., & Blum, T. C. (2000). Matching creativity requirements and the work environment: Effects on satisfaction and intentions to leave. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 215-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556378
123. Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? Journal of Management, 30, 933-958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j .jm.2004.06.007
124. Sonnentag, S., Binnewies, C., & Mojza, E. J. (2010). Staying well and engaged when demands are high: The role of psychological detachment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 965-976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020032
125. Sonnentag, S., & Zijlstra, F. R. H. (2006). Job characteristics and off-job activities as predictors of need for recovery, well-being, and fatigue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 330-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.330
126. Spector, P. E. (1994). Using self-report questionnaires in OB research: A comment on the use of a controversial method. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 385-392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030150503
127. Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1991). Relations of job characteristics from multiple data sources with employee affect, absence, turnover intentions, and health. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 46-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.46
128. Thory, K. (2013). Teaching managers to regulate their emotions better:Insights from emotional intelligence training and work-based application. Human Resource Development International, 16, 4-21. http://dx .doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2012.738473
129. Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 1137-1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069429
130. Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2011). Creative self-efficacy development and creative performance over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 277-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020952
131. Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591-620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j .1744-6570.1999.tb00173.x
132. To, M. L., Fisher, C. D., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Rowe, P. A. (2012). Within-person relationships between mood and creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 599-612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026097
133. Trougakos, J. P., Beal, D. J., Green, S. G., & Weiss, H. M. (2008). Making the break count: An episodic examination of recovery activities, emotional experiences, and positive affective displays. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 131-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2008 .30764063
134. Trougakos, J. P., & Hideg, I. (2009). Momentary work recovery: The role of within day work breaks. In S. Sonnentag, P. L. Perrewé, & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well being (Vol. 7, pp. 37-84). Oxford, UK: JAI Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3555(2009)0000007005
135. Tsai, W. C., Chen, C. C., & Liu, H. L. (2007). Test of a model linking employee positive moods and task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1570-1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6 .1570
136. Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., Schmeichel, B. J., Twenge, J. M., Nelson, N. M., & Tice, D. M. (2008). Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: A limited-resource account of decision making, selfregulation, and active initiative. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 883-898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.883
137. Wall, T. D., Jackson, P. R., & Mullarkey, S. (1995). Further evidence on some new measures of job control, cognitive demand and production responsibility. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 431-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160505
138. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the fivefactor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 441-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x
139. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
140. Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 775-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027600
141. Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In A. Brief & B. Straw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 1-74). New York, NY: Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
142. Weiss, H. M., Nicholas, J. P., & Daus, C. S. (1999). An examination of the joint effects of affective experiences and job beliefs on job satisfaction and variations in affective experiences over time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78, 1-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1999.2824
143. Wolfradt, U., Felfe, J., & Köster, T. (2002). Self-perceived emotional intelligence and creative personality. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 21, 293-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/B3HK-9HCC-FJBXX2G8
144. Wood, R. E. (1986). Task complexity: Definition of the construct. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 37, 60-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(86)90044-0
145. Zenasni, F., & Lubart, T. I. (2009). Perception of emotion, alexithymia and creative potential. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 353-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.030
146. Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 682-696. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069410
147. Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2003). Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 545-568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00051-1