메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 194, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 3542-3548

Is the complement activation product C3a a proinflammatory molecule? Re-evaluating the evidence and the myth

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; ALPHA INTERFERON; CATHEPSIN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3A; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C5A; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C5A RECEPTOR; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C5A RECEPTOR 2; COMPLEMENT INHIBITOR; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; SB 290157; THROMBIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; AUTACOID; C3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3;

EID: 84927592139     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: 15506606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403068     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (224)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 60349127531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement activation and inhibition: A delicate balance
    • Sjöberg, A. P., L. A. Trouw, and A. M. Blom. 2009. Complement activation and inhibition: a delicate balance. Trends Immunol. 30:83-90.
    • (2009) Trends Immunol. , vol.30 , pp. 83-90
    • Sjöberg, A.P.1    Trouw, L.A.2    Blom, A.M.3
  • 3
    • 3242776043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative anti-inflammatory activities of antagonists to C3a and C5a receptors in a rat model of intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury
    • Proctor, L. M., T. V. Arumugam, I. Shiels, R. C. Reid, D. P. Fairlie, and S. M. Taylor. 2004. Comparative anti-inflammatory activities of antagonists to C3a and C5a receptors in a rat model of intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Br. J. Pharmacol. 142:756-764.
    • (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.142 , pp. 756-764
    • Proctor, L.M.1    Arumugam, T.V.2    Shiels, I.3    Reid, R.C.4    Fairlie, D.P.5    Taylor, S.M.6
  • 4
    • 84873405299 scopus 로고
    • Friedberger: Kritik der Theorien über die Anaphylaxie
    • Friedberger, E. 1909. Friedberger: Kritik der Theorien über die Anaphylaxie. Ztschr. Immunitätsforsch 2:208.
    • (1909) Ztschr. Immunitätsforsch , vol.2 , pp. 208
    • Friedberger, E.1
  • 5
    • 84911797699 scopus 로고
    • Uber anaphylaxie: XXI Mitteilung. Naheres uber den mechanismus der komplementwirkung bei der anaphylatoxinbildung in vitro
    • Friedberger, E., and T. Ito. 1911. Uber anaphylaxie: XXI Mitteilung. Naheres uber den mechanismus der komplementwirkung bei der anaphylatoxinbildung in vitro. Ztschr. Immunitätsforsch 11:471.
    • (1911) Ztschr. Immunitätsforsch , vol.11 , pp. 471
    • Friedberger, E.1    Ito, T.2
  • 6
    • 0014087770 scopus 로고
    • Complement as a mediator of inflammation. II. Biological properties of anaphylatoxin prepared with purified components of human complement
    • Dias Da Silva, W., and I. H. Lepow. 1967. Complement as a mediator of inflammation. II. Biological properties of anaphylatoxin prepared with purified components of human complement. J. Exp. Med. 125:921-946.
    • (1967) J. Exp. Med. , vol.125 , pp. 921-946
    • Dias Da Silva, W.1    Lepow, I.H.2
  • 7
    • 0014248144 scopus 로고
    • The derivation of two distinct anaphylatoxin activities from the third and fifth components of human complement
    • Cochrane, C. G., and H. J. Müller-Eberhard. 1968. The derivation of two distinct anaphylatoxin activities from the third and fifth components of human complement. J. Exp. Med. 127:371-386.
    • (1968) J. Exp. Med. , vol.127 , pp. 371-386
    • Cochrane, C.G.1    Müller-Eberhard, H.J.2
  • 8
    • 84876819390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXXVII. Complement peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a receptors
    • Klos, A., E. Wende, K. J. Wareham, and P. N. Monk. 2013. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVII. Complement Peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a Receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 65:500-543.
    • (2013) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.65 , pp. 500-543
    • Klos, A.1    Wende, E.2    Wareham, K.J.3    Monk, P.N.4
  • 9
    • 0016765601 scopus 로고
    • Human anaphylatoxin (C3a) from the third component of complement. Primary structure
    • Hugli, T. E. 1975. Human anaphylatoxin (C3a) from the third component of complement. Primary structure. J. Biol. Chem. 250:8293-8301.
    • (1975) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.250 , pp. 8293-8301
    • Hugli, T.E.1
  • 11
    • 0024298584 scopus 로고
    • 1H NMR studies of human C3a anaphylatoxin in solution: Sequential resonance assignments, secondary structure, and global fold
    • Chazin, W. J., T. E. Hugli, and P. E. Wright. 1988. 1H NMR studies of human C3a anaphylatoxin in solution: sequential resonance assignments, secondary structure, and global fold. Biochemistry 27:9139-9148.
    • (1988) Biochemistry , vol.27 , pp. 9139-9148
    • Chazin, W.J.1    Hugli, T.E.2    Wright, P.E.3
  • 12
    • 2342448367 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic peptides with the biological activities and specificity of human C3a anaphylatoxin
    • Hugli, T. E., and B. W. Erickson. 1977. Synthetic peptides with the biological activities and specificity of human C3a anaphylatoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:1826-1830.
    • (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.74 , pp. 1826-1830
    • Hugli, T.E.1    Erickson, B.W.2
  • 13
    • 67349284794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement activation products C3a and C4a as endogenous antimicrobial peptides
    • Zipfel, P. F., and M. Reuter. 2009. Complement Activation Products C3a and C4a as Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides. Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 15:87-95.
    • (2009) Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. , vol.15 , pp. 87-95
    • Zipfel, P.F.1    Reuter, M.2
  • 14
    • 0021254308 scopus 로고
    • Conformational analysis of COOH-terminal segments of human C3a. Evidence of ordered conformation in an active 21-residue peptide
    • Lu, Z. X., K. F. Fok, B. W. Erickson, and T. E. Hugli. 1984. Conformational analysis of COOH-terminal segments of human C3a. Evidence of ordered conformation in an active 21-residue peptide. J. Biol. Chem. 259:7367-7370.
    • (1984) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.259 , pp. 7367-7370
    • Lu, Z.X.1    Fok, K.F.2    Erickson, B.W.3    Hugli, T.E.4
  • 17
    • 0038662716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemoattractant receptor-like protein C5L2 binds the C3a des-Arg77/acylation-stimulating protein
    • Kalant, D., S. A. Cain, M. Maslowska, A. D. Sniderman, K. Cianflone, and P. N. Monk. 2003. The chemoattractant receptor-like protein C5L2 binds the C3a des-Arg77/acylation-stimulating protein. J. Biol. Chem. 278:11123-11129.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 11123-11129
    • Kalant, D.1    Cain, S.A.2    Maslowska, M.3    Sniderman, A.D.4    Cianflone, K.5    Monk, P.N.6
  • 18
    • 84874623794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C5L2: A controversial receptor of complement anaphylatoxin, C5a
    • Li, R., L. G. Coulthard, M. C. Wu, S. M. Taylor, and T. M. Woodruff. 2013. C5L2: a controversial receptor of complement anaphylatoxin, C5a. FASEB J. 27:855-864.
    • (2013) FASEB J. , vol.27 , pp. 855-864
    • Li, R.1    Coulthard, L.G.2    Wu, M.C.3    Taylor, S.M.4    Woodruff, T.M.5
  • 20
    • 0037871469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation by complement C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins of cytokine production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
    • Monsinjon, T., P. Gasque, P. Chan, A. Ischenko, J. J. Brady, and M. C. Fontaine. 2003. Regulation by complement C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins of cytokine production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. FASEB J. 17:1003-1014.
    • (2003) FASEB J. , vol.17 , pp. 1003-1014
    • Monsinjon, T.1    Gasque, P.2    Chan, P.3    Ischenko, A.4    Brady, J.J.5    Fontaine, M.C.6
  • 22
    • 72849120050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement-derived anaphylatoxin C3a regulates in vitro differentiation and migration of neural progenitor cells
    • Shinjyo, N., A. Ståhlberg, M. Dragunow, M. Pekny, and M. Pekna. 2009. Complement-derived anaphylatoxin C3a regulates in vitro differentiation and migration of neural progenitor cells. Stem Cells 27:2824-2832.
    • (2009) Stem Cells , vol.27 , pp. 2824-2832
    • Shinjyo, N.1    Ståhlberg, A.2    Dragunow, M.3    Pekny, M.4    Pekna, M.5
  • 23
    • 0033381145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand-induced phosphorylation of anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR and C5aR is mediated by G proteincoupled receptor kinases
    • Langkabel, P., J. Zwirner, and M. Oppermann. 1999. Ligand-induced phosphorylation of anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR and C5aR is mediated by G proteincoupled receptor kinases. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:3035-3046.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.29 , pp. 3035-3046
    • Langkabel, P.1    Zwirner, J.2    Oppermann, M.3
  • 27
    • 4644328027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor attenuates, whereas ectopic expression of C3a in the brain exacerbates, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Boos, L., I. L. Campbell, R. Ames, R. A. Wetsel, and S. R. Barnum. 2004. Deletion of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor attenuates, whereas ectopic expression of C3a in the brain exacerbates, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 173:4708-4714.
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.173 , pp. 4708-4714
    • Boos, L.1    Campbell, I.L.2    Ames, R.3    Wetsel, R.A.4    Barnum, S.R.5
  • 28
    • 23644456320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3a expressed in the central nervous system protects against LPS-induced shock
    • Boos, L., A. J. Szalai, and S. R. Barnum. 2005. C3a expressed in the central nervous system protects against LPS-induced shock. Neurosci. Lett. 387:68-71.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.387 , pp. 68-71
    • Boos, L.1    Szalai, A.J.2    Barnum, S.R.3
  • 29
    • 77958136728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement C3a, CpG oligos, and DNA/C3a complex stimulate IFN-a production in a receptor for advanced glycation end product-dependent manner
    • Ruan, B. H., X. Li, A. R. Winkler, K. M. Cunningham, J. Kuai, R. M. Greco, K. H. Nocka, L. J. Fitz, J. F. Wright, D. D. Pittman, et al. 2010. Complement C3a, CpG oligos, and DNA/C3a complex stimulate IFN-a production in a receptor for advanced glycation end product-dependent manner. J. Immunol. 185:4213-4222.
    • (2010) J. Immunol. , vol.185 , pp. 4213-4222
    • Ruan, B.H.1    Li, X.2    Winkler, A.R.3    Cunningham, K.M.4    Kuai, J.5    Greco, R.M.6    Nocka, K.H.7    Fitz, L.J.8    Wright, J.F.9    Pittman, D.D.10
  • 30
  • 33
    • 0029000948 scopus 로고
    • C3a is a chemotaxin for human eosinophils but not for neutrophils. I. C3a stimulation of neutrophils is secondary to eosinophil activation
    • Daffern, P. J., P. H. Pfeifer, J. A. Ember, and T. E. Hugli. 1995. C3a is a chemotaxin for human eosinophils but not for neutrophils. I. C3a stimulation of neutrophils is secondary to eosinophil activation. J. Exp. Med. 181:2119-2127.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Med. , vol.181 , pp. 2119-2127
    • Daffern, P.J.1    Pfeifer, P.H.2    Ember, J.A.3    Hugli, T.E.4
  • 36
    • 0031781612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both C3a and C3a (desArg) regulate interleukin-6 synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Takabayashi, T., E. Vannier, J. F. Burke, R. G. Tompkins, J. A. Gelfand, and B. D. Clark. 1998. Both C3a and C3a (desArg) regulate interleukin-6 synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Infect. Dis. 177:1622-1628.
    • (1998) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.177 , pp. 1622-1628
    • Takabayashi, T.1    Vannier, E.2    Burke, J.F.3    Tompkins, R.G.4    Gelfand, J.A.5    Clark, B.D.6
  • 37
    • 0035808261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3A binds to the seven transmembrane anaphylatoxin receptor expressed by epithelial cells and triggers the production of IL-8
    • Monsinjon, T., P. Gasque, A. Ischenko, and M. Fontaine. 2001. C3A binds to the seven transmembrane anaphylatoxin receptor expressed by epithelial cells and triggers the production of IL-8. FEBS Lett. 487:339-346.
    • (2001) FEBS Lett. , vol.487 , pp. 339-346
    • Monsinjon, T.1    Gasque, P.2    Ischenko, A.3    Fontaine, M.4
  • 38
    • 0032964583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of IL-6 synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by C3a and C3a (desArg)
    • Fischer, W. H., M. A. Jagels, and T. E. Hugli. 1999. Regulation of IL-6 synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by C3a and C3a (desArg). J. Immunol. 162:453-459.
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 453-459
    • Fischer, W.H.1    Jagels, M.A.2    Hugli, T.E.3
  • 39
    • 84888240043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3a modulates IL-1b secretion in human monocytes by regulating ATP efflux and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation
    • Asgari, E., G. Le Friec, H. Yamamoto, E. Perucha, S. S. Sacks, J. Köhl, H. T. Cook, and C. Kemper. 2013. C3a modulates IL-1b secretion in human monocytes by regulating ATP efflux and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Blood 122:3473-3481.
    • (2013) Blood , vol.122 , pp. 3473-3481
    • Asgari, E.1    Le Friec, G.2    Yamamoto, H.3    Perucha, E.4    Sacks, S.S.5    Köhl, J.6    Cook, H.T.7    Kemper, C.8
  • 41
    • 0031280069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of B cell functions by C3a and C3a (desArg): Suppression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the polyclonal immune response
    • Fischer, W. H., and T. E. Hugli. 1997. Regulation of B cell functions by C3a and C3a (desArg): suppression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the polyclonal immune response. J. Immunol. 159:4279-4286.
    • (1997) J. Immunol. , vol.159 , pp. 4279-4286
    • Fischer, W.H.1    Hugli, T.E.2
  • 42
    • 0028339175 scopus 로고
    • C3a activates the respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins
    • Elsner, J., M. Oppermann, W. Czech, and A. Kapp. 1994. C3a activates the respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Blood 83:3324-3331.
    • (1994) Blood , vol.83 , pp. 3324-3331
    • Elsner, J.1    Oppermann, M.2    Czech, W.3    Kapp, A.4
  • 43
    • 0028295774 scopus 로고
    • Degranulation from human eosinophils stimulated with C3a and C5a
    • Takafuji, S., K. Tadokoro, K. Ito, and C. A. Dahinden. 1994. Degranulation from human eosinophils stimulated with C3a and C5a. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 104 (1, Suppl. 1) 27-29.
    • (1994) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. , vol.104 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-29
    • Takafuji, S.1    Tadokoro, K.2    Ito, K.3    Dahinden, C.A.4
  • 44
    • 0026521062 scopus 로고
    • The effect of human anaphylatoxins and neutrophils on histamine release from isolated human skin mast cells
    • Kubota, Y. 1992. The effect of human anaphylatoxins and neutrophils on histamine release from isolated human skin mast cells. J. Dermatol. 19:19-26.
    • (1992) J. Dermatol. , vol.19 , pp. 19-26
    • Kubota, Y.1
  • 45
    • 0034669961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Guinea pigs with a natural C3a-receptor defect exhibit decreased bronchoconstriction in allergic airway disease: Evidence for an involvement of the C3a anaphylatoxin in the pathogenesis of asthma
    • Bautsch, W., H. G. Hoymann, Q. Zhang, I. Meier-Wiedenbach, U. Raschke, R. S. Ames, B. Sohns, N. Flemme, A. Meyer Zu Vilsendorf, M. Grove, et al. 2000. Cutting edge: guinea pigs with a natural C3a-receptor defect exhibit decreased bronchoconstriction in allergic airway disease: evidence for an involvement of the C3a anaphylatoxin in the pathogenesis of asthma. J. Immunol. 165:5401-5405.
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 5401-5405
    • Bautsch, W.1    Hoymann, H.G.2    Zhang, Q.3    Meier-Wiedenbach, I.4    Raschke, U.5    Ames, R.S.6    Sohns, B.7    Flemme, N.8    Meyer Zu Vilsendorf, A.9    Grove, M.10
  • 46
    • 84871415830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of pulmonary Th17 responses by C3a anaphylatoxin during allergic inflammation in mice
    • Lim, H., Y. U. Kim, S. M. Drouin, S. Mueller-Ortiz, K. Yun, E. Morschl, R. A. Wetsel, and Y. Chung. 2012. Negative regulation of pulmonary Th17 responses by C3a anaphylatoxin during allergic inflammation in mice. PLoS ONE 7:e52666.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e52666
    • Lim, H.1    Kim, Y.U.2    Drouin, S.M.3    Mueller-Ortiz, S.4    Yun, K.5    Morschl, E.6    Wetsel, R.A.7    Chung, Y.8
  • 51
    • 84874562997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling through C5a receptor and C3a receptor diminishes function of murine natural regulatory T cells
    • Kwan, W.-H., W. Van Der Touw, E. Paz-Artal, M. O. Li, and P. S. Heeger. 2013. Signaling through C5a receptor and C3a receptor diminishes function of murine natural regulatory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 210:257-268.
    • (2013) J. Exp. Med. , vol.210 , pp. 257-268
    • Kwan, W.-H.1    Van Der Touw, W.2    Paz-Artal, E.3    Li, M.O.4    Heeger, P.S.5
  • 53
    • 0037111427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor suppresses Th2 effector functions in a murine model of pulmonary allergy
    • Drouin, S. M., D. B. Corry, T. J. Hollman, J. Kildsgaard, and R. A. Wetsel. 2002. Absence of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor suppresses Th2 effector functions in a murine model of pulmonary allergy. J. Immunol. 169:5926-5933.
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.169 , pp. 5926-5933
    • Drouin, S.M.1    Corry, D.B.2    Hollman, T.J.3    Kildsgaard, J.4    Wetsel, R.A.5
  • 54
    • 0026782483 scopus 로고
    • Ischemia/reperfusion-induced feline intestinal dysfunction: Importance of granulocyte recruitment
    • Kubes, P., J. Hunter, and D. N. Granger. 1992. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced feline intestinal dysfunction: importance of granulocyte recruitment. Gastroenterology 103:807-812.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.103 , pp. 807-812
    • Kubes, P.1    Hunter, J.2    Granger, D.N.3
  • 55
  • 59
    • 79955589527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous C3 postpones complement exhaustion and confers organ protection in murine sepsis
    • Yuan, Y., J. Ren, X. Wu, S. Cao, and J. Li. 2011. Exogenous C3 postpones complement exhaustion and confers organ protection in murine sepsis. J. Surg. Res. 168:e87-e94.
    • (2011) J. Surg. Res. , vol.168 , pp. e87-e94
    • Yuan, Y.1    Ren, J.2    Wu, X.3    Cao, S.4    Li, J.5
  • 60
    • 0034670027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Targeted disruption of the C3a receptor gene demonstrates a novel protective anti-inflammatory role for C3a in endotoxin-shock
    • Kildsgaard, J., T. J. Hollmann, K. W. Matthews, K. Bian, F. Murad, and R. A. Wetsel. 2000. Cutting edge: targeted disruption of the C3a receptor gene demonstrates a novel protective anti-inflammatory role for C3a in endotoxin-shock. J. Immunol. 165:5406-5409.
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 5406-5409
    • Kildsgaard, J.1    Hollmann, T.J.2    Matthews, K.W.3    Bian, K.4    Murad, F.5    Wetsel, R.A.6
  • 61
    • 39149091052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the C5a receptor gene increases resistance to acute Gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxic shock: Opposing roles of C3a and C5a
    • Hollmann, T. J., S. L. Mueller-Ortiz, M. C. Braun, and R. A. Wetsel. 2008. Disruption of the C5a receptor gene increases resistance to acute Gram-negative bacteremia and endotoxic shock: opposing roles of C3a and C5a. Mol. Immunol. 45:1907-1915.
    • (2008) Mol. Immunol. , vol.45 , pp. 1907-1915
    • Hollmann, T.J.1    Mueller-Ortiz, S.L.2    Braun, M.C.3    Wetsel, R.A.4
  • 62
    • 34247466044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of complement C3a receptor in the glomeruli in lupus nephritis
    • Mizuno, M., S. Blanchin, P. Gasque, K. Nishikawa, and S. Matsuo. 2007. High levels of complement C3a receptor in the glomeruli in lupus nephritis. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 49:598-606.
    • (2007) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.49 , pp. 598-606
    • Mizuno, M.1    Blanchin, S.2    Gasque, P.3    Nishikawa, K.4    Matsuo, S.5
  • 63
    • 22544469404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling through up-regulated C3a receptor is key to the development of experimental lupus nephritis
    • Bao, L., I. Osawe, M. Haas, and R. J. Quigg. 2005. Signaling through up-regulated C3a receptor is key to the development of experimental lupus nephritis. J. Immunol. 175:1947-1955.
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.175 , pp. 1947-1955
    • Bao, L.1    Osawe, I.2    Haas, M.3    Quigg, R.J.4
  • 64
    • 62549118640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3a receptor deficiency accelerates the onset of renal injury in the MRL/lpr mouse
    • Wenderfer, S. E., H. Wang, B. Ke, R. A. Wetsel, and M. C. Braun. 2009. C3a receptor deficiency accelerates the onset of renal injury in the MRL/lpr mouse. Mol. Immunol. 46:1397-1404.
    • (2009) Mol. Immunol. , vol.46 , pp. 1397-1404
    • Wenderfer, S.E.1    Wang, H.2    Ke, B.3    Wetsel, R.A.4    Braun, M.C.5
  • 66
    • 62149135267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3a mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in proteinuric nephropathy
    • Tang, Z., B. Lu, E. Hatch, S. H. Sacks, and N. S. Sheerin. 2009. C3a mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in proteinuric nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20:593-603.
    • (2009) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.20 , pp. 593-603
    • Tang, Z.1    Lu, B.2    Hatch, E.3    Sacks, S.H.4    Sheerin, N.S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.