메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 359, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 20-35

Targeting drivers of melanoma with synthetic small molecules and phytochemicals

Author keywords

Melanoma; Phytochemicals; Signaling pathways; Targeted therapy

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; CARBOPLATIN; CISPLATIN; CURCUMIN; DABRAFENIB; DACARBAZINE; DACTOLISIB; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; FISETIN; IMATINIB; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE; NILOTINIB; PACLITAXEL; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PIMASERTIB; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; PROTEIN KINASE B; RAS PROTEIN; RESVERATROL; SELUMETINIB; SILYMARIN; SORAFENIB; STEM CELL FACTOR; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TIPIFARNIB; TRAMETINIB; UNINDEXED DRUG; VEMURAFENIB; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANTIBODY; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 84922246385     PISSN: 03043835     EISSN: 18727980     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.016     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (71)

References (207)
  • 3
  • 4
    • 74949143594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final Version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification
    • Balch C.M., et al. Final Version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J. Clin. Oncol 2009, 27:6199-6206.
    • (2009) J. Clin. Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 6199-6206
    • Balch, C.M.1
  • 5
    • 33646272204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy and targeted therapy combinations in advanced melanoma
    • Flaherty K.T. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy combinations in advanced melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2006, 12:2366s-2370s.
    • (2006) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 2366s-2370s
    • Flaherty, K.T.1
  • 6
    • 84908354848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial
    • Robert C., et al. Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial. Lancet 2014, 384:1109-1117.
    • (2014) Lancet , vol.384 , pp. 1109-1117
    • Robert, C.1
  • 7
    • 77954801079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Hodi F.S., et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med 2010, 363:711-723.
    • (2010) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.363 , pp. 711-723
    • Hodi, F.S.1
  • 8
    • 84898973055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab
    • Topalian S.L., et al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2014, 32:1020-1030.
    • (2014) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.32 , pp. 1020-1030
    • Topalian, S.L.1
  • 10
    • 33751294581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of scaffold proteins in MEK/ERK signalling
    • Sacks D.B. The role of scaffold proteins in MEK/ERK signalling. Biochem. Soc. Trans 2006, 34:833-836.
    • (2006) Biochem. Soc. Trans , vol.34 , pp. 833-836
    • Sacks, D.B.1
  • 11
    • 79955383019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A full-length 3D structure for MAPK/ERK kinase 2 (MEK2)
    • Liang H., Liu T., Chen F., Liu Z., Liu S. A full-length 3D structure for MAPK/ERK kinase 2 (MEK2). Sci. China Life Sci 2011, 54:336-341.
    • (2011) Sci. China Life Sci , vol.54 , pp. 336-341
    • Liang, H.1    Liu, T.2    Chen, F.3    Liu, Z.4    Liu, S.5
  • 13
    • 53949103143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma genetics and therapeutic approaches in the 21st century: moving from the benchside to the bedside
    • Hocker T.L., Singh M.K., Tsao H. Melanoma genetics and therapeutic approaches in the 21st century: moving from the benchside to the bedside. J. Invest. Dermatol 2008, 128:2575-2595.
    • (2008) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 2575-2595
    • Hocker, T.L.1    Singh, M.K.2    Tsao, H.3
  • 15
    • 1242307380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis
    • Steelman L.S., et al. JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2004, 18:189-218.
    • (2004) Leukemia , vol.18 , pp. 189-218
    • Steelman, L.S.1
  • 17
    • 0024407112 scopus 로고
    • N-ras mutations in human cutaneous melanoma from sun-exposed body sites
    • Van 't Veer L.J., et al. N-ras mutations in human cutaneous melanoma from sun-exposed body sites. Mol. Cell. Biol 1989, 9:3114-3116.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 3114-3116
    • Van 't Veer, L.J.1
  • 18
    • 17644383337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of oncogenic NRAS by RNA interference induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells
    • Eskandarpour M., et al. Suppression of oncogenic NRAS by RNA interference induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells. Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer 2005, 115:65-73.
    • (2005) Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer , vol.115 , pp. 65-73
    • Eskandarpour, M.1
  • 19
    • 0036894746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma
    • Brose M.S., et al. BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma. Cancer Res 2002, 62:6997-7000.
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 6997-7000
    • Brose, M.S.1
  • 21
    • 84879141399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRAS mutant melanoma - undrugable?
    • Posch C., Ortiz-Urda S. NRAS mutant melanoma - undrugable?. Oncotarget 2013, 4:494-495.
    • (2013) Oncotarget , vol.4 , pp. 494-495
    • Posch, C.1    Ortiz-Urda, S.2
  • 22
    • 0030749458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farnesyltransferase inhibitors and cancer treatment: targeting simply Ras?
    • Cox A.D., Der C.J. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors and cancer treatment: targeting simply Ras?. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1997, 1333:F51-F71.
    • (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1333 , pp. F51-F71
    • Cox, A.D.1    Der, C.J.2
  • 23
    • 33747229211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of two rational-designed nonpeptidic farnesyltransferase inhibitors on HT29 human colon cancer cell lines
    • Wlodarczyk N., et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of two rational-designed nonpeptidic farnesyltransferase inhibitors on HT29 human colon cancer cell lines. Oncol. Res 2005, 16:107-118.
    • (2005) Oncol. Res , vol.16 , pp. 107-118
    • Wlodarczyk, N.1
  • 24
    • 84872396402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in advanced melanoma (CALGB 500104)
    • Gajewski T.F., et al. Phase II study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in advanced melanoma (CALGB 500104). J. Transl. Med 2012, 10:246.
    • (2012) J. Transl. Med , vol.10 , pp. 246
    • Gajewski, T.F.1
  • 25
    • 1342331479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion: searching for the elusive targets of farnesyltransferase inhibitors
    • Sebti S.M., Der C.J. Opinion: searching for the elusive targets of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3:945-951.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 945-951
    • Sebti, S.M.1    Der, C.J.2
  • 26
    • 0030923192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K- and N-Ras are geranylgeranylated in cells treated with farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors
    • Whyte D.B., et al. K- and N-Ras are geranylgeranylated in cells treated with farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem 1997, 272:14459-14464.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem , vol.272 , pp. 14459-14464
    • Whyte, D.B.1
  • 27
    • 0037431539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 is cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in melanoma cells
    • Smalley K.S.M., Eisen T.G. Farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 is cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and enhances chemosensitivity to cisplatin in melanoma cells. Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer 2003, 105:165-175.
    • (2003) Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer , vol.105 , pp. 165-175
    • Smalley, K.S.M.1    Eisen, T.G.2
  • 29
    • 78651404680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The farnesyl transferase inhibitor lonafarnib inhibits mTOR signaling and enforces sorafenib-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells
    • Niessner H., et al. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor lonafarnib inhibits mTOR signaling and enforces sorafenib-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. J. Invest. Dermatol 2011, 131:468-479.
    • (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.131 , pp. 468-479
    • Niessner, H.1
  • 30
    • 72549092909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I trial of a combination of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in advanced malignancies
    • Hong D.S., et al. Phase I trial of a combination of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in advanced malignancies. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2009, 15:7061-7068.
    • (2009) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.15 , pp. 7061-7068
    • Hong, D.S.1
  • 31
    • 77949685981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth
    • Hatzivassiliou G., et al. RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth. Nature 2010, 464:431-435.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 431-435
    • Hatzivassiliou, G.1
  • 32
    • 74849109743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF
    • Heidorn S.J., et al. Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF. Cell 2010, 140:209-221.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 209-221
    • Heidorn, S.J.1
  • 34
    • 84875235432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study
    • Ascierto P.A., et al. MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:249-256.
    • (2013) Lancet Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 249-256
    • Ascierto, P.A.1
  • 35
    • 78751648455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperactivation of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling and resistance to apoptosis induced by the oncogenic B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, in mutant N-RAS melanoma cells
    • Kaplan F.M., Shao Y., Mayberry M.M., Aplin A.E. Hyperactivation of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling and resistance to apoptosis induced by the oncogenic B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, in mutant N-RAS melanoma cells. Oncogene 2011, 30:366-371.
    • (2011) Oncogene , vol.30 , pp. 366-371
    • Kaplan, F.M.1    Shao, Y.2    Mayberry, M.M.3    Aplin, A.E.4
  • 36
    • 77949354563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PLX4032, a selective BRAF(V600E) kinase inhibitor, activates the ERK pathway and enhances cell migration and proliferation of BRAF melanoma cells
    • Halaban R., et al. PLX4032, a selective BRAF(V600E) kinase inhibitor, activates the ERK pathway and enhances cell migration and proliferation of BRAF melanoma cells. Pigment. Cell Melanoma Res 2010, 23:190-200.
    • (2010) Pigment. Cell Melanoma Res , vol.23 , pp. 190-200
    • Halaban, R.1
  • 37
    • 77956124562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF protein-serine/threonine kinases: structure and regulation
    • Roskoski R. RAF protein-serine/threonine kinases: structure and regulation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 2010, 399:313-317.
    • (2010) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.399 , pp. 313-317
    • Roskoski, R.1
  • 38
    • 18444374405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
    • Davies H., et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 2002, 417:949-954.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 949-954
    • Davies, H.1
  • 39
    • 4344584872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-RAF is a therapeutic target in melanoma
    • Karasarides M., et al. B-RAF is a therapeutic target in melanoma. Oncogene 2004, 23:6292-6298.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 6292-6298
    • Karasarides, M.1
  • 40
    • 31544442670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic BRAF is required for tumor growth and maintenance in melanoma models
    • Hoeflich K.P., et al. Oncogenic BRAF is required for tumor growth and maintenance in melanoma models. Cancer Res 2006, 66:999-1006.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 999-1006
    • Hoeflich, K.P.1
  • 41
    • 0037228055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of BRAF mutations in nevi
    • Pollock P.M., et al. High frequency of BRAF mutations in nevi. Nat. Genet 2003, 33:19-20.
    • (2003) Nat. Genet , vol.33 , pp. 19-20
    • Pollock, P.M.1
  • 42
    • 23644449752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer: crime and punishment
    • Sharpless N.E., DePinho R.A. Cancer: crime and punishment. Nature 2005, 436:636-637.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 636-637
    • Sharpless, N.E.1    DePinho, R.A.2
  • 43
    • 4944249117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis
    • Wilhelm S.M., et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2004, 64:7099-7109.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7099-7109
    • Wilhelm, S.M.1
  • 44
    • 33748325763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a Phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis
    • Eisen T., et al. Sorafenib in advanced melanoma: a Phase II randomised discontinuation trial analysis. Br. J. Cancer 2006, 95:581-586.
    • (2006) Br. J. Cancer , vol.95 , pp. 581-586
    • Eisen, T.1
  • 45
    • 67649909568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma
    • Hauschild A., et al. Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2009, 27:2823-2830.
    • (2009) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 2823-2830
    • Hauschild, A.1
  • 46
    • 84873346707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma
    • Flaherty K.T., et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2013, 31:373-379.
    • (2013) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 373-379
    • Flaherty, K.T.1
  • 47
    • 77955602211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gatekeeper mutations mediate resistance to BRAF-targeted therapies
    • Whittaker S., et al. Gatekeeper mutations mediate resistance to BRAF-targeted therapies. Sci. Transl. Med 2010, 2:35ra41.
    • (2010) Sci. Transl. Med , vol.2 , pp. 35ra41
    • Whittaker, S.1
  • 48
    • 42949149240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-Raf kinase with potent antimelanoma activity
    • Tsai J., et al. Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-Raf kinase with potent antimelanoma activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105:3041-3046.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.105 , pp. 3041-3046
    • Tsai, J.1
  • 49
    • 77957089182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RAF inhibitor PLX4032 inhibits ERK signaling and tumor cell proliferation in a V600E BRAF-selective manner
    • Joseph E.W., et al. The RAF inhibitor PLX4032 inhibits ERK signaling and tumor cell proliferation in a V600E BRAF-selective manner. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:14903-14908.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.107 , pp. 14903-14908
    • Joseph, E.W.1
  • 50
    • 77956030786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma
    • Flaherty K.T., et al. Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med 2010, 363:809-819.
    • (2010) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.363 , pp. 809-819
    • Flaherty, K.T.1
  • 51
    • 84863116743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib
    • Sosman J.A., et al. Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib. N. Engl. J. Med 2012, 366:707-714.
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.366 , pp. 707-714
    • Sosman, J.A.1
  • 52
    • 84896714827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E) and BRAF(V600K) mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM-3): extended follow-up of a phase 3, randomised, open-label study
    • McArthur G.A., et al. Safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E) and BRAF(V600K) mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM-3): extended follow-up of a phase 3, randomised, open-label study. Lancet Oncol 2014, 15:323-332.
    • (2014) Lancet Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 323-332
    • McArthur, G.A.1
  • 53
    • 84861083983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabrafenib in patients with melanoma, untreated brain metastases, and other solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial
    • Falchook G.S., et al. Dabrafenib in patients with melanoma, untreated brain metastases, and other solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 2012, 379:1893-1901.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1893-1901
    • Falchook, G.S.1
  • 54
    • 84891648456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Ascierto P.A., et al. Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2013, 31:3205-3211.
    • (2013) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 3205-3211
    • Ascierto, P.A.1
  • 55
    • 84864285704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
    • Hauschild A., et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012, 380:358-365.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 358-365
    • Hauschild, A.1
  • 57
    • 49649118852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma
    • Montagut C., et al. Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Cancer Res 2008, 68:4853-4861.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 4853-4861
    • Montagut, C.1
  • 58
    • 78649436372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF gene amplification can promote acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors in cancer cells harboring the BRAF V600E mutation
    • Corcoran R.B., et al. BRAF gene amplification can promote acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors in cancer cells harboring the BRAF V600E mutation. Sci. Signal 2010, 3:ra84.
    • (2010) Sci. Signal , vol.3 , pp. ra84
    • Corcoran, R.B.1
  • 59
    • 78650303507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation
    • Nazarian R., et al. Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation. Nature 2010, 468:973-977.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 973-977
    • Nazarian, R.1
  • 60
    • 80051625929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting therapeutic resistance to RAF inhibition in melanoma by tumor genomic profiling
    • Wagle N., et al. Dissecting therapeutic resistance to RAF inhibition in melanoma by tumor genomic profiling. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2011, 29:3085-3096.
    • (2011) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 3085-3096
    • Wagle, N.1
  • 61
    • 78650008177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors mediated by a RAF kinase switch in melanoma can be overcome by cotargeting MEK and IGF-1R/PI3K
    • Villanueva J., et al. Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors mediated by a RAF kinase switch in melanoma can be overcome by cotargeting MEK and IGF-1R/PI3K. Cancer Cell 2010, 18:683-695.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.18 , pp. 683-695
    • Villanueva, J.1
  • 62
    • 83455254767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E)
    • Poulikakos P.I., et al. RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E). Nature 2011, 480:387-390.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.480 , pp. 387-390
    • Poulikakos, P.I.1
  • 63
    • 77949732073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF
    • Poulikakos P.I., Zhang C., Bollag G., Shokat K.M., Rosen N. RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF. Nature 2010, 464:427-430.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 427-430
    • Poulikakos, P.I.1    Zhang, C.2    Bollag, G.3    Shokat, K.M.4    Rosen, N.5
  • 64
    • 84862908097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAS mutations in cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors
    • Su F., et al. RAS mutations in cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas in patients treated with BRAF inhibitors. N. Engl. J. Med 2012, 366:207-215.
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.366 , pp. 207-215
    • Su, F.1
  • 65
    • 84879781333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective RAF inhibitor impairs ERK1/2 phosphorylation and growth in mutant NRAS, vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells
    • Le K., Blomain E.S., Rodeck U., Aplin A.E. Selective RAF inhibitor impairs ERK1/2 phosphorylation and growth in mutant NRAS, vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Pigment. Cell Melanoma Res 2013, 26:509-517.
    • (2013) Pigment. Cell Melanoma Res , vol.26 , pp. 509-517
    • Le, K.1    Blomain, E.S.2    Rodeck, U.3    Aplin, A.E.4
  • 66
    • 84874943389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF inhibitor activity in V600R metastatic melanoma
    • Klein O., et al. BRAF inhibitor activity in V600R metastatic melanoma. Eur. J. Cancer Oxf. Engl. 1990 2013, 49:1073-1079.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Cancer Oxf. Engl. 1990 , vol.49 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Klein, O.1
  • 67
    • 84891898344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired resistance and clonal evolution in melanoma during BRAF inhibitor therapy
    • Shi H., et al. Acquired resistance and clonal evolution in melanoma during BRAF inhibitor therapy. Cancer Discov 2014, 4:80-93.
    • (2014) Cancer Discov , vol.4 , pp. 80-93
    • Shi, H.1
  • 68
    • 77953276524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of phospho-ERK activity allows melanoma cells to escape from BRAF inhibitor therapy
    • Paraiso K.H.T., et al. Recovery of phospho-ERK activity allows melanoma cells to escape from BRAF inhibitor therapy. Br. J. Cancer 2010, 102:1724-1730.
    • (2010) Br. J. Cancer , vol.102 , pp. 1724-1730
    • Paraiso, K.H.T.1
  • 69
    • 31144453233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutation predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition
    • Solit D.B., et al. BRAF mutation predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Nature 2006, 439:358-362.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 358-362
    • Solit, D.B.1
  • 70
    • 34548096400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis induction in human melanoma cells by inhibition of MEK is caspase-independent and mediated by the Bcl-2 family members PUMA, Bim, and Mcl-1
    • Wang Y.F., et al. Apoptosis induction in human melanoma cells by inhibition of MEK is caspase-independent and mediated by the Bcl-2 family members PUMA, Bim, and Mcl-1. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2007, 13:4934-4942.
    • (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 4934-4942
    • Wang, Y.F.1
  • 71
    • 17144418558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress towards therapeutic small molecule MEK inhibitors for use in cancer therapy
    • Wallace E.M., Lyssikatos J.P., Yeh T., Winkler J.D., Koch K. Progress towards therapeutic small molecule MEK inhibitors for use in cancer therapy. Curr. Top. Med. Chem 2005, 5:215-229.
    • (2005) Curr. Top. Med. Chem , vol.5 , pp. 215-229
    • Wallace, E.M.1    Lyssikatos, J.P.2    Yeh, T.3    Winkler, J.D.4    Koch, K.5
  • 72
    • 43749103335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers
    • Adjei A.A., et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2008, 26:2139-2146.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 2139-2146
    • Adjei, A.A.1
  • 73
    • 33947401129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological characterization of ARRY-142886 (AZD6244), a potent, highly selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor
    • Yeh T.C., et al. Biological characterization of ARRY-142886 (AZD6244), a potent, highly selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2007, 13:1576-1583.
    • (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 1576-1583
    • Yeh, T.C.1
  • 74
    • 40749124035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) induces growth arrest in melanoma cells and tumor regression when combined with docetaxel
    • Haass N.K., et al. The mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) induces growth arrest in melanoma cells and tumor regression when combined with docetaxel. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2008, 14:230-239.
    • (2008) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 230-239
    • Haass, N.K.1
  • 75
    • 51049113834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF V600E disrupts AZD6244-induced abrogation of negative feedback pathways between extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Raf proteins
    • Friday B.B., et al. BRAF V600E disrupts AZD6244-induced abrogation of negative feedback pathways between extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Raf proteins. Cancer Res 2008, 68:6145-6153.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 6145-6153
    • Friday, B.B.1
  • 76
    • 39149133664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raf a good therapeutic target for melanoma and other malignancies?
    • Madhunapantula S.V., Robertson G.P., Is B. Raf a good therapeutic target for melanoma and other malignancies?. Cancer Res 2008, 68:5-8.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 5-8
    • Madhunapantula, S.V.1    Robertson, G.P.2    Is, B.3
  • 77
    • 84856009717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II, open-label, randomized trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib as monotherapy versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma
    • Kirkwood J.M., et al. Phase II, open-label, randomized trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib as monotherapy versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2012, 18:555-567.
    • (2012) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 555-567
    • Kirkwood, J.M.1
  • 78
    • 84879717023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selumetinib plus dacarbazine versus placebo plus dacarbazine as first-line treatment for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma: a phase 2 double-blind randomised study
    • Robert C., et al. Selumetinib plus dacarbazine versus placebo plus dacarbazine as first-line treatment for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma: a phase 2 double-blind randomised study. Lancet Oncol 2013, 14:733-740.
    • (2013) Lancet Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 733-740
    • Robert, C.1
  • 79
    • 79952261716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GSK1120212 (JTP-74057) is an inhibitor of MEK activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition
    • Gilmartin A.G., et al. GSK1120212 (JTP-74057) is an inhibitor of MEK activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2011, 17:989-1000.
    • (2011) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 989-1000
    • Gilmartin, A.G.1
  • 80
    • 84864371119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial
    • Falchook G.S., et al. Activity of the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol 2012, 13:782-789.
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 782-789
    • Falchook, G.S.1
  • 81
    • 84874777853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of the MEK1/MEK2 inhibitor Trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma previously treated with or without a BRAF inhibitor
    • Kim K.B., et al. Phase II study of the MEK1/MEK2 inhibitor Trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma previously treated with or without a BRAF inhibitor. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2013, 31:482-489.
    • (2013) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 482-489
    • Kim, K.B.1
  • 82
    • 84863673204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma
    • Flaherty K.T., et al. Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med 2012, 367:107-114.
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.367 , pp. 107-114
    • Flaherty, K.T.1
  • 83
    • 84884127318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of MEK inhibition determines efficacy in mutant KRAS- versus BRAF-driven cancers
    • Hatzivassiliou G., et al. Mechanism of MEK inhibition determines efficacy in mutant KRAS- versus BRAF-driven cancers. Nature 2013, 501:232-236.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.501 , pp. 232-236
    • Hatzivassiliou, G.1
  • 84
    • 84900442808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of CRAF-mediated MEK activation is required for effective MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant tumors
    • Lito P., et al. Disruption of CRAF-mediated MEK activation is required for effective MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant tumors. Cancer Cell 2014, 25:697-710.
    • (2014) Cancer Cell , vol.25 , pp. 697-710
    • Lito, P.1
  • 85
    • 77949766280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD-0325901 in patients with advanced cancers
    • LoRusso P.M., et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD-0325901 in patients with advanced cancers. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2010, 16:1924-1937.
    • (2010) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 1924-1937
    • LoRusso, P.M.1
  • 86
    • 84859810061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor effects of the investigational selective MEK inhibitor TAK733 against cutaneous and uveal melanoma cell lines
    • Von Euw E., et al. Antitumor effects of the investigational selective MEK inhibitor TAK733 against cutaneous and uveal melanoma cell lines. Mol. Cancer 2012, 11:22.
    • (2012) Mol. Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 22
    • Von Euw, E.1
  • 87
    • 84905967636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I expansion and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MEK inhibitor RO4987655 (CH4987655) in selected patients with advanced cancer with RAS-RAF mutations
    • Zimmer L., et al. Phase I expansion and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MEK inhibitor RO4987655 (CH4987655) in selected patients with advanced cancer with RAS-RAF mutations. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2014, 20:4251-4261.
    • (2014) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 4251-4261
    • Zimmer, L.1
  • 88
    • 84879754813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabrafenib; preclinical characterization, increased efficacy when combined with trametinib, while BRAF/MEK tool combination reduced skin lesions
    • King A.J., et al. Dabrafenib; preclinical characterization, increased efficacy when combined with trametinib, while BRAF/MEK tool combination reduced skin lesions. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e67583.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e67583
    • King, A.J.1
  • 89
    • 84868224906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations
    • Flaherty K.T., et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N. Engl. J. Med 2012, 367:1694-1703.
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.367 , pp. 1694-1703
    • Flaherty, K.T.1
  • 90
    • 84908257665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma
    • Long G.V., et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med 2014, 371:1877-1888. 10.1056/NEJMoa1406037.
    • (2014) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.371 , pp. 1877-1888
    • Long, G.V.1
  • 91
    • 84904916223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of vemurafenib and cobimetinib in patients with advanced BRAF(V600)-mutated melanoma: a phase 1b study
    • Ribas A., et al. Combination of vemurafenib and cobimetinib in patients with advanced BRAF(V600)-mutated melanoma: a phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol 2014, 15:954-965.
    • (2014) Lancet Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 954-965
    • Ribas, A.1
  • 92
    • 84862305656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition can confer cross-resistance to combined BRAF/MEK inhibition
    • Gowrishankar K., et al. Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition can confer cross-resistance to combined BRAF/MEK inhibition. J. Invest. Dermatol 2012, 132:1850-1859.
    • (2012) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.132 , pp. 1850-1859
    • Gowrishankar, K.1
  • 93
    • 84891824717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition: MEK inhibitor followed by a BRAF inhibitor in advanced melanoma patients
    • Goldinger S.M., et al. Upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition: MEK inhibitor followed by a BRAF inhibitor in advanced melanoma patients. Eur. J. Cancer Oxf. Engl. 1990 2014, 50:406-410.
    • (2014) Eur. J. Cancer Oxf. Engl. 1990 , vol.50 , pp. 406-410
    • Goldinger, S.M.1
  • 94
    • 84883490437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of RO5126766, a first-in-class dual Raf/MEK inhibitor, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
    • Honda K., et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of RO5126766, a first-in-class dual Raf/MEK inhibitor, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol 2013, 72:577-584.
    • (2013) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 577-584
    • Honda, K.1
  • 95
    • 0036632368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer
    • Vivanco I., Sawyers C.L. The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2002, 2:489-501.
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 489-501
    • Vivanco, I.1    Sawyers, C.L.2
  • 96
    • 84859471223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in melanoma
    • Davies M.A. The role of the PI3K-AKT pathway in melanoma. Cancer J. Sudbury Mass 2012, 18:142-147.
    • (2012) Cancer J. Sudbury Mass , vol.18 , pp. 142-147
    • Davies, M.A.1
  • 97
    • 22844445932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of human tissue to assess the oncogenic activity of melanoma-associated mutations
    • Chudnovsky Y., Adams A.E., Robbins P.B., Lin Q., Khavari P.A. Use of human tissue to assess the oncogenic activity of melanoma-associated mutations. Nat. Genet 2005, 37:745-749.
    • (2005) Nat. Genet , vol.37 , pp. 745-749
    • Chudnovsky, Y.1    Adams, A.E.2    Robbins, P.B.3    Lin, Q.4    Khavari, P.A.5
  • 98
    • 13844312400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex
    • Sarbassov D.D., Guertin D.A., Ali S.M., Sabatini D.M. Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex. Science 2005, 307:1098-1101.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1098-1101
    • Sarbassov, D.D.1    Guertin, D.A.2    Ali, S.M.3    Sabatini, D.M.4
  • 99
    • 34250788809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstream
    • Manning B.D., Cantley L.C. AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstream. Cell 2007, 129:1261-1274.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.129 , pp. 1261-1274
    • Manning, B.D.1    Cantley, L.C.2
  • 100
    • 33646485943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of class IA PI3K signaling in muscle leads to impaired muscle growth, insulin response, and hyperlipidemia
    • Luo J., et al. Loss of class IA PI3K signaling in muscle leads to impaired muscle growth, insulin response, and hyperlipidemia. Cell Metab 2006, 3:355-366.
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.3 , pp. 355-366
    • Luo, J.1
  • 101
    • 0033582929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor
    • Brunet A., et al. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor. Cell 1999, 96:857-868.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 857-868
    • Brunet, A.1
  • 102
    • 0032533225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization
    • Diehl J.A., Cheng M., Roussel M.F., Sherr C.J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization. Genes Dev 1998, 12:3499-3511.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , pp. 3499-3511
    • Diehl, J.A.1    Cheng, M.2    Roussel, M.F.3    Sherr, C.J.4
  • 103
    • 0032520009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4E-BP1, a repressor of mRNA translation, is phosphorylated and inactivated by the Akt(PKB) signaling pathway
    • Gingras A.C., Kennedy S.G., O'Leary M.A., Sonenberg N., Hay N. 4E-BP1, a repressor of mRNA translation, is phosphorylated and inactivated by the Akt(PKB) signaling pathway. Genes Dev 1998, 12:502-513.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , pp. 502-513
    • Gingras, A.C.1    Kennedy, S.G.2    O'Leary, M.A.3    Sonenberg, N.4    Hay, N.5
  • 104
    • 0032560521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin mediated by a protein kinase B signaling pathway
    • Scott P.H., Brunn G.J., Kohn A.D., Roth R.A., Lawrence J.C. Evidence of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin mediated by a protein kinase B signaling pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95:7772-7777.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.95 , pp. 7772-7777
    • Scott, P.H.1    Brunn, G.J.2    Kohn, A.D.3    Roth, R.A.4    Lawrence, J.C.5
  • 105
    • 0032560796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt activation by growth factors is a multiple-step process: the role of the PH domain
    • Bellacosa A., et al. Akt activation by growth factors is a multiple-step process: the role of the PH domain. Oncogene 1998, 17:313-325.
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.17 , pp. 313-325
    • Bellacosa, A.1
  • 106
    • 7944235758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive
    • Jacinto E., et al. Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive. Nat. Cell Biol 2004, 6:1122-1128.
    • (2004) Nat. Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 1122-1128
    • Jacinto, E.1
  • 107
    • 84859778293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR signaling in growth control and disease
    • Laplante M., Sabatini D.M. mTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell 2012, 149:274-293.
    • (2012) Cell , vol.149 , pp. 274-293
    • Laplante, M.1    Sabatini, D.M.2
  • 108
    • 4043171462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upstream and downstream of mTOR
    • Hay N., Sonenberg N. Upstream and downstream of mTOR. Genes Dev 2004, 18:1926-1945.
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 1926-1945
    • Hay, N.1    Sonenberg, N.2
  • 109
    • 25844522712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of activated Akt and PTEN in malignant melanomas: relationship with clinical outcome
    • Slipicevic A., et al. Expression of activated Akt and PTEN in malignant melanomas: relationship with clinical outcome. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 2005, 124:528-536.
    • (2005) Am. J. Clin. Pathol , vol.124 , pp. 528-536
    • Slipicevic, A.1
  • 111
    • 14944352371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of activated Akt expression in melanoma: a clinicopathologic study of 292 cases
    • Dai D.L., Martinka M., Li G. Prognostic significance of activated Akt expression in melanoma: a clinicopathologic study of 292 cases. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2005, 23:1473-1482.
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 1473-1482
    • Dai, D.L.1    Martinka, M.2    Li, G.3
  • 112
    • 78649311707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From man to mouse and back again: advances in defining tumor AKTivities in vivo
    • Restuccia D.F., Hemmings B.A. From man to mouse and back again: advances in defining tumor AKTivities in vivo. Dis. Model. Mech 2010, 3:705-720.
    • (2010) Dis. Model. Mech , vol.3 , pp. 705-720
    • Restuccia, D.F.1    Hemmings, B.A.2
  • 113
    • 1442274619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic interaction between NRAS and BRAF mutations and PTEN/MMAC1 inactivation in melanoma
    • Tsao H., Goel V., Wu H., Yang G., Haluska F.G. Genetic interaction between NRAS and BRAF mutations and PTEN/MMAC1 inactivation in melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol 2004, 122:337-341.
    • (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.122 , pp. 337-341
    • Tsao, H.1    Goel, V.2    Wu, H.3    Yang, G.4    Haluska, F.G.5
  • 114
    • 65649147543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Braf(V600E) cooperates with Pten loss to induce metastatic melanoma
    • Dankort D., et al. Braf(V600E) cooperates with Pten loss to induce metastatic melanoma. Nat. Genet 2009, 41:544-552.
    • (2009) Nat. Genet , vol.41 , pp. 544-552
    • Dankort, D.1
  • 115
    • 8344281974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR)
    • Rowinsky E.K. Targeting the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR). Curr. Opin. Oncol 2004, 16:564-575.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Oncol , vol.16 , pp. 564-575
    • Rowinsky, E.K.1
  • 116
    • 68249093818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer
    • Liu P., Cheng H., Roberts T.M., Zhao J.J. Targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in cancer. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov 2009, 8:627-644.
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov , vol.8 , pp. 627-644
    • Liu, P.1    Cheng, H.2    Roberts, T.M.3    Zhao, J.J.4
  • 117
    • 79957983577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-beyond rapalogs
    • Markman B., Dienstmann R., Tabernero J. Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-beyond rapalogs. Oncotarget 2010, 1:530-543.
    • (2010) Oncotarget , vol.1 , pp. 530-543
    • Markman, B.1    Dienstmann, R.2    Tabernero, J.3
  • 118
    • 23844476134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCI-779 in metastatic melanoma: a phase II trial of the California Cancer Consortium
    • Margolin K., et al. CCI-779 in metastatic melanoma: a phase II trial of the California Cancer Consortium. Cancer 2005, 104:1045-1048.
    • (2005) Cancer , vol.104 , pp. 1045-1048
    • Margolin, K.1
  • 119
    • 84863119798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I study of the combination of sorafenib and temsirolimus in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Davies M.A., et al. Phase I study of the combination of sorafenib and temsirolimus in patients with metastatic melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2012, 18:1120-1128.
    • (2012) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 1120-1128
    • Davies, M.A.1
  • 120
    • 84857073184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase II trial of sorafenib with temsirolimus or tipifarnib in untreated metastatic melanoma (S0438)
    • Margolin K.A., et al. Randomized phase II trial of sorafenib with temsirolimus or tipifarnib in untreated metastatic melanoma (S0438). Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2012, 18:1129-1137.
    • (2012) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 1129-1137
    • Margolin, K.A.1
  • 121
    • 51349164790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mTORC1 leads to MAPK pathway activation through a PI3K-dependent feedback loop in human cancer
    • Carracedo A., et al. Inhibition of mTORC1 leads to MAPK pathway activation through a PI3K-dependent feedback loop in human cancer. J. Clin. Invest 2008, 118:3065-3074.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest , vol.118 , pp. 3065-3074
    • Carracedo, A.1
  • 122
    • 32944457518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR inhibition induces upstream receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and activates Akt
    • O'Reilly K.E., et al. mTOR inhibition induces upstream receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and activates Akt. Cancer Res 2006, 66:1500-1508.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 1500-1508
    • O'Reilly, K.E.1
  • 123
    • 27644534999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors activate the AKT kinase in multiple myeloma cells by up-regulating the insulin-like growth factor receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade
    • Shi Y., Yan H., Frost P., Gera J., Lichtenstein A. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors activate the AKT kinase in multiple myeloma cells by up-regulating the insulin-like growth factor receptor/insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. Mol. Cancer Ther 2005, 4:1533-1540.
    • (2005) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.4 , pp. 1533-1540
    • Shi, Y.1    Yan, H.2    Frost, P.3    Gera, J.4    Lichtenstein, A.5
  • 124
    • 79960605738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt beyond rapalogs
    • Ogita S., Lorusso P. Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt beyond rapalogs. Target. Oncol 2011, 6:103-117.
    • (2011) Target. Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 103-117
    • Ogita, S.1    Lorusso, P.2
  • 125
    • 78449275389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal and treatment-induced activation of AKT mediates resistance to cell death by AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in Braf-mutant human cutaneous melanoma cells
    • Gopal Y.N.V., et al. Basal and treatment-induced activation of AKT mediates resistance to cell death by AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in Braf-mutant human cutaneous melanoma cells. Cancer Res 2010, 70:8736-8747.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 8736-8747
    • Gopal, Y.N.V.1
  • 126
    • 51049109033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of NVP-BEZ235, a new orally available dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with potent in vivo antitumor activity
    • Maira S.-M., et al. Identification and characterization of NVP-BEZ235, a new orally available dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with potent in vivo antitumor activity. Mol. Cancer Ther 2008, 7:1851-1863.
    • (2008) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.7 , pp. 1851-1863
    • Maira, S.-M.1
  • 127
    • 65549142212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting melanoma with dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors
    • Marone R., et al. Targeting melanoma with dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Mol. Cancer Res. MCR 2009, 7:601-613.
    • (2009) Mol. Cancer Res. MCR , vol.7 , pp. 601-613
    • Marone, R.1
  • 128
    • 78650322376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical targeting of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway as a strategy for treating melanoma
    • Aziz S.A., et al. Vertical targeting of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway as a strategy for treating melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2010, 16:6029-6039.
    • (2010) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 6029-6039
    • Aziz, S.A.1
  • 129
    • 84862732834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinations of BRAF, MEK, and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors overcome acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 dabrafenib, mediated by NRAS or MEK mutations
    • Greger J.G., et al. Combinations of BRAF, MEK, and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors overcome acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 dabrafenib, mediated by NRAS or MEK mutations. Mol. Cancer Ther 2012, 11:909-920.
    • (2012) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.11 , pp. 909-920
    • Greger, J.G.1
  • 130
    • 83355170673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversing melanoma cross-resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors by co-targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway
    • Atefi M., et al. Reversing melanoma cross-resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors by co-targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e28973.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e28973
    • Atefi, M.1
  • 131
    • 79953325104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression
    • Paraiso K.H.T., et al. PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression. Cancer Res 2011, 71:2750-2760.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 2750-2760
    • Paraiso, K.H.T.1
  • 132
    • 44849096481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt3 and mutant V600E B-Raf cooperate to promote early melanoma development
    • Cheung M., Sharma A., Madhunapantula S.V., Robertson G.P. Akt3 and mutant V600E B-Raf cooperate to promote early melanoma development. Cancer Res 2008, 68:3429-3439.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 3429-3439
    • Cheung, M.1    Sharma, A.2    Madhunapantula, S.V.3    Robertson, G.P.4
  • 133
    • 79951818749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK-independent survival of B-RAFV600E melanoma cells selected for resistance to apoptosis induced by the RAF inhibitor PLX4720
    • Jiang C.C., et al. MEK-independent survival of B-RAFV600E melanoma cells selected for resistance to apoptosis induced by the RAF inhibitor PLX4720. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2011, 17:721-730.
    • (2011) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 721-730
    • Jiang, C.C.1
  • 134
    • 84866930352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined PI3K/mTOR and MEK inhibition provides broad antitumor activity in faithful murine cancer models
    • Roberts P.J., et al. Combined PI3K/mTOR and MEK inhibition provides broad antitumor activity in faithful murine cancer models. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2012, 18:5290-5303.
    • (2012) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 5290-5303
    • Roberts, P.J.1
  • 135
    • 84899657912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of AKT inhibitor therapy in response and resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma
    • Lassen A., et al. Effects of AKT inhibitor therapy in response and resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Mol. Cancer 2014, 13:83.
    • (2014) Mol. Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 83
    • Lassen, A.1
  • 136
    • 84891932035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MAPK pathway functions as a redundant survival signal that reinforces the PI3K cascade in c-Kit mutant melanoma
    • Todd J.R., Scurr L.L., Becker T.M., Kefford R.F., Rizos H. The MAPK pathway functions as a redundant survival signal that reinforces the PI3K cascade in c-Kit mutant melanoma. Oncogene 2014, 33:236-245.
    • (2014) Oncogene , vol.33 , pp. 236-245
    • Todd, J.R.1    Scurr, L.L.2    Becker, T.M.3    Kefford, R.F.4    Rizos, H.5
  • 137
    • 84871414831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation at KIT locus may predispose to melanoma
    • Bourillon A., et al. Genetic variation at KIT locus may predispose to melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013, 26:88-96.
    • (2013) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res , vol.26 , pp. 88-96
    • Bourillon, A.1
  • 138
    • 58149260596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KIT gene mutations and copy number in melanoma subtypes
    • Beadling C., et al. KIT gene mutations and copy number in melanoma subtypes. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2008, 14:6821-6828.
    • (2008) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 6821-6828
    • Beadling, C.1
  • 140
    • 27844567142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma
    • Curtin J.A., et al. Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med 2005, 353:2135-2147.
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.353 , pp. 2135-2147
    • Curtin, J.A.1
  • 141
    • 42949128595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major response to imatinib mesylate in KIT-mutated melanoma
    • Hodi F.S., et al. Major response to imatinib mesylate in KIT-mutated melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2008, 26:2046-2051.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 2046-2051
    • Hodi, F.S.1
  • 142
    • 47249099056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent, complete response to imatinib of a metastatic mucosal melanoma with a K642E KIT mutation
    • Lutzky J., Bauer J., Bastian B.C. Dose-dependent, complete response to imatinib of a metastatic mucosal melanoma with a K642E KIT mutation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008, 21:492-493.
    • (2008) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res , vol.21 , pp. 492-493
    • Lutzky, J.1    Bauer, J.2    Bastian, B.C.3
  • 143
    • 84861808857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete response in a melanoma patient treated with imatinib
    • Brown M.C., Casasola R.J. Complete response in a melanoma patient treated with imatinib. J. Laryngol. Otol 2012, 126:638-640.
    • (2012) J. Laryngol. Otol , vol.126 , pp. 638-640
    • Brown, M.C.1    Casasola, R.J.2
  • 144
    • 59449085455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imatinib targeting of KIT-mutant oncoprotein in melanoma
    • Jiang X., et al. Imatinib targeting of KIT-mutant oncoprotein in melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2008, 14:7726-7732.
    • (2008) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 7726-7732
    • Jiang, X.1
  • 145
    • 33646268037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter Phase II trial of high-dose imatinib mesylate in metastatic melanoma: significant toxicity with no clinical efficacy
    • Wyman K., et al. Multicenter Phase II trial of high-dose imatinib mesylate in metastatic melanoma: significant toxicity with no clinical efficacy. Cancer 2006, 106:2005-2011.
    • (2006) Cancer , vol.106 , pp. 2005-2011
    • Wyman, K.1
  • 146
    • 21044460131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of clinical efficacy of imatinib in metastatic melanoma
    • Ugurel S., et al. Lack of clinical efficacy of imatinib in metastatic melanoma. Br. J. Cancer 2005, 92:1398-1405.
    • (2005) Br. J. Cancer , vol.92 , pp. 1398-1405
    • Ugurel, S.1
  • 147
    • 50249141632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Kim K.B., et al. Phase II trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma. Br. J. Cancer 2008, 99:734-740.
    • (2008) Br. J. Cancer , vol.99 , pp. 734-740
    • Kim, K.B.1
  • 148
    • 79958066836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma
    • Carvajal R.D., et al. KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma. JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc 2011, 305:2327-2334.
    • (2011) JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc , vol.305 , pp. 2327-2334
    • Carvajal, R.D.1
  • 149
    • 79960708519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring c-Kit mutation or amplification
    • Guo J., et al. Phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring c-Kit mutation or amplification. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 2011, 29:2904-2909.
    • (2011) J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 2904-2909
    • Guo, J.1
  • 150
    • 68849093078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of dasatinib against L576P KIT mutant melanoma: molecular, cellular, and clinical correlates
    • Woodman S.E., et al. Activity of dasatinib against L576P KIT mutant melanoma: molecular, cellular, and clinical correlates. Mol. Cancer Ther 2009, 8:2079-2085.
    • (2009) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.8 , pp. 2079-2085
    • Woodman, S.E.1
  • 151
    • 79955500900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in advanced melanoma
    • Kluger H.M., et al. A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in advanced melanoma. Cancer 2011, 117:2202-2208.
    • (2011) Cancer , vol.117 , pp. 2202-2208
    • Kluger, H.M.1
  • 152
    • 84867867288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nilotinib in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring KIT gene aberration
    • Cho J.H., Kim K.M., Kwon M., Kim J.H., Lee J. Nilotinib in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring KIT gene aberration. Invest. New Drugs 2012, 30:2008-2014.
    • (2012) Invest. New Drugs , vol.30 , pp. 2008-2014
    • Cho, J.H.1    Kim, K.M.2    Kwon, M.3    Kim, J.H.4    Lee, J.5
  • 153
    • 14644416024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis
    • Afaq F., Adhami V.M., Mukhtar H. Photochemoprevention of ultraviolet B signaling and photocarcinogenesis. Mutat. Res 2005, 571:153-173.
    • (2005) Mutat. Res , vol.571 , pp. 153-173
    • Afaq, F.1    Adhami, V.M.2    Mukhtar, H.3
  • 154
    • 0142166328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals
    • Surh Y.-J. Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3:768-780.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 768-780
    • Surh, Y.-J.1
  • 155
    • 84899969106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisetin inhibits human melanoma cell growth through direct binding to p70S6K and mTOR: findings from 3-D melanoma skin equivalents and computational modeling
    • Syed D.N., et al. Fisetin inhibits human melanoma cell growth through direct binding to p70S6K and mTOR: findings from 3-D melanoma skin equivalents and computational modeling. Biochem. Pharmacol 2014, 89:349-360.
    • (2014) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.89 , pp. 349-360
    • Syed, D.N.1
  • 156
    • 84899881227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisetin inhibits human melanoma cell invasion through promotion of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and by targeting MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways
    • Pal H.C., et al. Fisetin inhibits human melanoma cell invasion through promotion of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and by targeting MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. PLoS ONE 2014, 9:e86338.
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , pp. e86338
    • Pal, H.C.1
  • 157
    • 79955998411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human melanoma cell growth by the dietary flavonoid fisetin is associated with disruption of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decreased Mitf levels
    • Syed D.N., et al. Inhibition of human melanoma cell growth by the dietary flavonoid fisetin is associated with disruption of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decreased Mitf levels. J. Invest. Dermatol 2011, 131:1291-1299.
    • (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.131 , pp. 1291-1299
    • Syed, D.N.1
  • 158
    • 14844335699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on human melanoma: possible implications for the chemoprevention of melanoma
    • Nihal M., Ahmad N., Mukhtar H., Wood G.S. Anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on human melanoma: possible implications for the chemoprevention of melanoma. Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer 2005, 114:513-521.
    • (2005) Int. J. Cancer J. Int. Cancer , vol.114 , pp. 513-521
    • Nihal, M.1    Ahmad, N.2    Mukhtar, H.3    Wood, G.S.4
  • 159
    • 80054901319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses melanoma growth by inhibiting inflammasome and IL-1β secretion
    • Ellis L.Z., et al. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses melanoma growth by inhibiting inflammasome and IL-1β secretion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 2011, 414:551-556.
    • (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.414 , pp. 551-556
    • Ellis, L.Z.1
  • 160
    • 0035829013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on adhesion of murine melanoma cells to laminin
    • Suzuki Y., Isemura M. Inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on adhesion of murine melanoma cells to laminin. Cancer Lett 2001, 173:15-20.
    • (2001) Cancer Lett , vol.173 , pp. 15-20
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Isemura, M.2
  • 161
    • 84863096611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (-)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells
    • Watanabe T., et al. Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (-)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol 2012, 138:859-866. 10.1007/s00432-012-1159-5.
    • (2012) J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol , vol.138 , pp. 859-866
    • Watanabe, T.1
  • 162
    • 80054068343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea catechins reduce invasive potential of human melanoma cells by targeting COX-2, PGE2 receptors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
    • Singh T., Katiyar S.K. Green tea catechins reduce invasive potential of human melanoma cells by targeting COX-2, PGE2 receptors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e25224.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e25224
    • Singh, T.1    Katiyar, S.K.2
  • 163
    • 0035169315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis by combination with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and dacarbazine in mice
    • Liu J.D., Chen S.H., Lin C.L., Tsai S.H., Liang Y.C. Inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis by combination with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and dacarbazine in mice. J. Cell. Biochem 2001, 83:631-642.
    • (2001) J. Cell. Biochem , vol.83 , pp. 631-642
    • Liu, J.D.1    Chen, S.H.2    Lin, C.L.3    Tsai, S.H.4    Liang, Y.C.5
  • 164
    • 0037455911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human melanoma cells
    • Niles R.M., et al. Resveratrol is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2003, 190:157-163.
    • (2003) Cancer Lett , vol.190 , pp. 157-163
    • Niles, R.M.1
  • 165
    • 84897446670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol triggers protective autophagy through the ceramide/Akt/mTOR pathway in melanoma B16 cells
    • Wang M., et al. Resveratrol triggers protective autophagy through the ceramide/Akt/mTOR pathway in melanoma B16 cells. Nutr. Cancer 2014, 66:435-440.
    • (2014) Nutr. Cancer , vol.66 , pp. 435-440
    • Wang, M.1
  • 166
  • 167
    • 22144463236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation by resveratrol is correlated with upregulation of quinone reductase 2 and p53
    • Hsieh T., Wang Z., Hamby C.V., Wu J.M. Inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation by resveratrol is correlated with upregulation of quinone reductase 2 and p53. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 2005, 334:223-230.
    • (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.334 , pp. 223-230
    • Hsieh, T.1    Wang, Z.2    Hamby, C.V.3    Wu, J.M.4
  • 168
    • 57749108574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide initiates progression of human melanoma via a feedback loop mediated by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1, which is inhibited by resveratrol
    • Yang Z., et al. Nitric oxide initiates progression of human melanoma via a feedback loop mediated by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1, which is inhibited by resveratrol. Mol. Cancer Ther 2008, 7:3751-3760.
    • (2008) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.7 , pp. 3751-3760
    • Yang, Z.1
  • 169
    • 84878726261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone signaling, viability, and invasiveness in melanoma cells
    • Chen Y.-J., Chen Y.-Y., Lin Y.-F., Hu H.-Y., Liao H.-F. Resveratrol inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone signaling, viability, and invasiveness in melanoma cells. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM 2013, 2013:632121.
    • (2013) Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. ECAM , vol.2013 , pp. 632121
    • Chen, Y.-J.1    Chen, Y.-Y.2    Lin, Y.-F.3    Hu, H.-Y.4    Liao, H.-F.5
  • 170
    • 79955627038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol modulates the malignant properties of cutaneous melanoma through changes in the activation and attenuation of the antiapoptotic protooncogenic protein Akt/PKB
    • Bhattacharya S., Darjatmoko S.R., Polans A.S. Resveratrol modulates the malignant properties of cutaneous melanoma through changes in the activation and attenuation of the antiapoptotic protooncogenic protein Akt/PKB. Melanoma Res 2011, 21:180-187.
    • (2011) Melanoma Res , vol.21 , pp. 180-187
    • Bhattacharya, S.1    Darjatmoko, S.R.2    Polans, A.S.3
  • 171
    • 79952279276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-angiogenic effects of resveratrol mediated by decreased VEGF and increased TSP1 expression in melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture
    • Trapp V., Parmakhtiar B., Papazian V., Willmott L., Fruehauf J.P. Anti-angiogenic effects of resveratrol mediated by decreased VEGF and increased TSP1 expression in melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture. Angiogenesis 2010, 13:305-315.
    • (2010) Angiogenesis , vol.13 , pp. 305-315
    • Trapp, V.1    Parmakhtiar, B.2    Papazian, V.3    Willmott, L.4    Fruehauf, J.P.5
  • 172
    • 85027940704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol enhances chemosensitivity in mouse melanoma model through connexin 43 upregulation
    • [Epub ahead of print] PMID:24449132.
    • Cheng Y.-J., et al. Resveratrol enhances chemosensitivity in mouse melanoma model through connexin 43 upregulation. Environ. Toxicol 2014, [Epub ahead of print] PMID:24449132. 10.1002/tox.21952.
    • (2014) Environ. Toxicol
    • Cheng, Y.-J.1
  • 173
    • 30344434348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in the expression of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1) in human melanoma and identification of the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an APE/Ref-1 inhibitor
    • Yang S., Irani K., Heffron S.E., Jurnak F., Meyskens F.L. Alterations in the expression of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1) in human melanoma and identification of the therapeutic potential of resveratrol as an APE/Ref-1 inhibitor. Mol. Cancer Ther 2005, 4:1923-1935.
    • (2005) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.4 , pp. 1923-1935
    • Yang, S.1    Irani, K.2    Heffron, S.E.3    Jurnak, F.4    Meyskens, F.L.5
  • 174
    • 84877277024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct targeting of MEK1/2 and RSK2 by silybin induces cell-cycle arrest and inhibits melanoma cell growth
    • Lee M.-H., et al. Direct targeting of MEK1/2 and RSK2 by silybin induces cell-cycle arrest and inhibits melanoma cell growth. Cancer Prev. Res. Phila. Pa 2013, 6:455-465.
    • (2013) Cancer Prev. Res. Phila. Pa , vol.6 , pp. 455-465
    • Lee, M.-H.1
  • 175
    • 79960885211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silymarin targets β-catenin signaling in blocking migration/invasion of human melanoma cells
    • Vaid M., Prasad R., Sun Q., Katiyar S.K. Silymarin targets β-catenin signaling in blocking migration/invasion of human melanoma cells. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e23000.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e23000
    • Vaid, M.1    Prasad, R.2    Sun, Q.3    Katiyar, S.K.4
  • 176
    • 35348956057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silymarin enhanced cytotoxic effect of anti-Fas agonistic antibody CH11 on A375-S2 cells
    • Li L.-H., et al. Silymarin enhanced cytotoxic effect of anti-Fas agonistic antibody CH11 on A375-S2 cells. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res 2007, 9:593-602.
    • (2007) J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res , vol.9 , pp. 593-602
    • Li, L.-H.1
  • 177
    • 73149088865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anticancer effect of curcumin mediated by down-regulating phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 expression on highly metastatic melanoma cells
    • Wang L., et al. An anticancer effect of curcumin mediated by down-regulating phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 expression on highly metastatic melanoma cells. Mol. Pharmacol 2009, 76:1238-1245.
    • (2009) Mol. Pharmacol , vol.76 , pp. 1238-1245
    • Wang, L.1
  • 178
    • 0035842333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells through a Fas receptor/caspase-8 pathway independent of p53
    • Bush J.A., Cheung K.J., Li G. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells through a Fas receptor/caspase-8 pathway independent of p53. Exp. Cell Res 2001, 271:305-314.
    • (2001) Exp. Cell Res , vol.271 , pp. 305-314
    • Bush, J.A.1    Cheung, K.J.2    Li, G.3
  • 179
    • 84892520331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin intake affects miRNA signature in murine melanoma with mmu-miR-205-5p most significantly altered
    • Dahmke I.N., et al. Curcumin intake affects miRNA signature in murine melanoma with mmu-miR-205-5p most significantly altered. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e81122.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e81122
    • Dahmke, I.N.1
  • 180
    • 46549090129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling endoplasmic reticulum stress to the cell death program in mouse melanoma cells: effect of curcumin
    • Bakhshi J., et al. Coupling endoplasmic reticulum stress to the cell death program in mouse melanoma cells: effect of curcumin. Apoptosis Int. J. Program. Cell Death 2008, 13:904-914.
    • (2008) Apoptosis Int. J. Program. Cell Death , vol.13 , pp. 904-914
    • Bakhshi, J.1
  • 181
    • 34648847350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin downregulates the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB and induces apoptosis in novel mouse melanoma cells
    • Marín Y.E., et al. Curcumin downregulates the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB and induces apoptosis in novel mouse melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2007, 17:274-283.
    • (2007) Melanoma Res , vol.17 , pp. 274-283
    • Marín, Y.E.1
  • 182
    • 23444449848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin-induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in melanoma cells are associated with suppression of IkappaB kinase and nuclear factor kappaB activity and are independent of the B-Raf/mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway and the Akt pathway
    • Siwak D.R., Shishodia S., Aggarwal B.B., Kurzrock R. Curcumin-induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in melanoma cells are associated with suppression of IkappaB kinase and nuclear factor kappaB activity and are independent of the B-Raf/mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway and the Akt pathway. Cancer 2005, 104:879-890.
    • (2005) Cancer , vol.104 , pp. 879-890
    • Siwak, D.R.1    Shishodia, S.2    Aggarwal, B.B.3    Kurzrock, R.4
  • 183
    • 3042788374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and nitric oxide by curcumin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human melanoma cells
    • Zheng M., Ekmekcioglu S., Walch E.T., Tang C.-H., Grimm E.A. Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and nitric oxide by curcumin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2004, 14:165-171.
    • (2004) Melanoma Res , vol.14 , pp. 165-171
    • Zheng, M.1    Ekmekcioglu, S.2    Walch, E.T.3    Tang, C.-H.4    Grimm, E.A.5
  • 184
    • 84887423053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MST1 activation by curcumin mediates JNK activation, Foxo3a nuclear translocation and apoptosis in melanoma cells
    • Yu T., Ji J., Guo Y. MST1 activation by curcumin mediates JNK activation, Foxo3a nuclear translocation and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 2013, 441:53-58.
    • (2013) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.441 , pp. 53-58
    • Yu, T.1    Ji, J.2    Guo, Y.3
  • 185
    • 80155147161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-proliferative effect of curcumin on melanoma cells is mediated by PDE1A inhibition that regulates the epigenetic integrator UHRF1
    • Abusnina A., Keravis T., Yougbaré I., Bronner C., Lugnier C. Anti-proliferative effect of curcumin on melanoma cells is mediated by PDE1A inhibition that regulates the epigenetic integrator UHRF1. Mol. Nutr. Food Res 2011, 55:1677-1689.
    • (2011) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.55 , pp. 1677-1689
    • Abusnina, A.1    Keravis, T.2    Yougbaré, I.3    Bronner, C.4    Lugnier, C.5
  • 186
    • 0033831244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation-inducing activity of lupeol, a lupane-type triterpene from Chinese dandelion root (Hokouei-kon), on a mouse melanoma cell line
    • Hata K., Ishikawa K., Hori K., Konishi T. Differentiation-inducing activity of lupeol, a lupane-type triterpene from Chinese dandelion root (Hokouei-kon), on a mouse melanoma cell line. Biol. Pharm. Bull 2000, 23:962-967.
    • (2000) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.23 , pp. 962-967
    • Hata, K.1    Ishikawa, K.2    Hori, K.3    Konishi, T.4
  • 187
    • 34247558612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation-inducing activity of lupane triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line
    • Hata K., et al. Differentiation-inducing activity of lupane triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line. Cytotechnology 2006, 52:151-158.
    • (2006) Cytotechnology , vol.52 , pp. 151-158
    • Hata, K.1
  • 188
    • 67650742816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma cell differentiation induced by lupeol separates into two stages: morphological and functional changes
    • Ogiwara K., Hata K. Melanoma cell differentiation induced by lupeol separates into two stages: morphological and functional changes. J. Nat. Med 2009, 63:323-326.
    • (2009) J. Nat. Med , vol.63 , pp. 323-326
    • Ogiwara, K.1    Hata, K.2
  • 189
    • 0142026422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of p38 MAPK in lupeol-induced B16 2F2 mouse melanoma cell differentiation
    • Hata K., Hori K., Takahashi S. Role of p38 MAPK in lupeol-induced B16 2F2 mouse melanoma cell differentiation. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 2003, 134:441-445.
    • (2003) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) , vol.134 , pp. 441-445
    • Hata, K.1    Hori, K.2    Takahashi, S.3
  • 190
    • 28244433538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remodeling of actin cytoskeleton in lupeol-induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation
    • Hata K., Hori K., Murata J., Takahashi S. Remodeling of actin cytoskeleton in lupeol-induced B16 2F2 cell differentiation. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 2005, 138:467-472.
    • (2005) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) , vol.138 , pp. 467-472
    • Hata, K.1    Hori, K.2    Murata, J.3    Takahashi, S.4
  • 191
    • 77957806547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells by a dietary triterpene lupeol
    • Tarapore R.S., et al. Specific targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells by a dietary triterpene lupeol. Carcinogenesis 2010, 31:1844-1853.
    • (2010) Carcinogenesis , vol.31 , pp. 1844-1853
    • Tarapore, R.S.1
  • 192
    • 84898860091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic and local injections of lupeol inhibit tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model
    • Nitta M., et al. Systemic and local injections of lupeol inhibit tumor growth in a melanoma-bearing mouse model. Biomed. Rep 2013, 1:641-645.
    • (2013) Biomed. Rep , vol.1 , pp. 641-645
    • Nitta, M.1
  • 193
    • 42249099857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lupeol inhibits growth of highly aggressive human metastatic melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis
    • Saleem M., et al. Lupeol inhibits growth of highly aggressive human metastatic melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis. Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res 2008, 14:2119-2127.
    • (2008) Clin. Cancer Res. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 2119-2127
    • Saleem, M.1
  • 195
    • 84871009996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honokiol induces cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in malignant melanoma cancer cells
    • Kaushik G., et al. Honokiol induces cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in malignant melanoma cancer cells. Am. J. Surg 2012, 204:868-873.
    • (2012) Am. J. Surg , vol.204 , pp. 868-873
    • Kaushik, G.1
  • 196
    • 84881093899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducing apoptosis of cancer cells using small-molecule plant compounds that bind to GRP78
    • Martin S., et al. Inducing apoptosis of cancer cells using small-molecule plant compounds that bind to GRP78. Br. J. Cancer 2013, 109:433-443.
    • (2013) Br. J. Cancer , vol.109 , pp. 433-443
    • Martin, S.1
  • 200
    • 0030963473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resveratrol: a molecule whose time has come? And gone?
    • Soleas G.J., Diamandis E.P., Goldberg D.M. Resveratrol: a molecule whose time has come? And gone?. Clin. Biochem 1997, 30:91-113.
    • (1997) Clin. Biochem , vol.30 , pp. 91-113
    • Soleas, G.J.1    Diamandis, E.P.2    Goldberg, D.M.3
  • 202
    • 67649449180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance
    • Yang C.S., Wang X., Lu G., Picinich S.C. Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2009, 9:429-439.
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.9 , pp. 429-439
    • Yang, C.S.1    Wang, X.2    Lu, G.3    Picinich, S.C.4
  • 203
    • 70349479218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin induces proapoptotic effects against human melanoma cells and modulates the cellular response to immunotherapeutic cytokines
    • Bill M.A., et al. Curcumin induces proapoptotic effects against human melanoma cells and modulates the cellular response to immunotherapeutic cytokines. Mol. Cancer Ther 2009, 8:2726-2735.
    • (2009) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.8 , pp. 2726-2735
    • Bill, M.A.1
  • 204
    • 78751564588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemo-resistant melanoma sensitized by tamoxifen to low dose curcumin treatment through induction of apoptosis and autophagy
    • Chatterjee S.J., Pandey S. Chemo-resistant melanoma sensitized by tamoxifen to low dose curcumin treatment through induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Cancer Biol. Ther 2011, 11:216-228.
    • (2011) Cancer Biol. Ther , vol.11 , pp. 216-228
    • Chatterjee, S.J.1    Pandey, S.2
  • 205
    • 69549135413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene
    • Saleem M. Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene. Cancer Lett 2009, 285:109-115.
    • (2009) Cancer Lett , vol.285 , pp. 109-115
    • Saleem, M.1
  • 206
    • 84862734639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honokiol in combination with radiation targets notch signaling to inhibit colon cancer stem cells
    • Ponnurangam S., et al. Honokiol in combination with radiation targets notch signaling to inhibit colon cancer stem cells. Mol. Cancer Ther 2012, 11:963-972.
    • (2012) Mol. Cancer Ther , vol.11 , pp. 963-972
    • Ponnurangam, S.1
  • 207
    • 79956023846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisetin: a natural fist against melanoma?
    • Arbiser J.L., Fisher D.E. Fisetin: a natural fist against melanoma?. J. Invest. Dermatol 2011, 131:1187-1189.
    • (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol , vol.131 , pp. 1187-1189
    • Arbiser, J.L.1    Fisher, D.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.