Time, performance and motivation

Time and Work: How Time Impacts Individuals

Volumn 1, Issue , 2014, Pages 63-110

  Roe, Robert A ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920832831     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315817019     Document Type: Chapter

References (152)

1. Aarts, H., & Custers, R. (2012). Unconscious goal pursuit: Nonconscious goal regulation and motivation. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 232–247). New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Ackerman, P. L. (1988). Determinants of individual differences during skill acquisition: Cognitive abilities and information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117(3), 288–318.
3. Adam, B. (1998). Timescapes and modernity: The environment and invisible hazards. London: Routledge.
4. Adam, B. (2004). Time. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
5. Adi-Japha, E., Karni, A., Parnes, A., Loewenschuss, I., & Vakil, E. (2008). A shift in task routines during the learning of a motor skill: Group-averaged data may mask critical phases in the individuals’ acquisition of skilled performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(6), 1544–1551. doi: 10.1037/a0013217
6. Alluisi, E. A., & Morgan, B. B. (1982). Temporal factors in human performance and productivity. In E. A. Alluisi & E. A. Fleishman (Eds.), Stress and performance effectiveness (pp. 165–247). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7. Altman, B. A. (2012). Changes in self-assessed work performance over time as a result of workplace bullying: An analysis of retrospective perceptions. 72, ProQuest Information & Learning, US. Available from EBSCO PsycINFO database.
8. Ancona, D. G., Goodman, P. S., Lawrence, B. S., & Tushman, M. L. (2001a). Time: a new research lens. Academy of Management Review, 26, 645–663.
9. Ancona, D. G., Goodman, P. S., Lawrence, B. S., & Tushman, M. L. (2001b). Time: A new research lens. Academy ofManagement Review, 26(4), 645–663. doi: 10.5465/amr.2001.5393903
10. Atkinson, J. W., & Birch, D. (1970). The dynamics of action. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
11. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
12. Bandura, A., & Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87–99.
13. Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Trötschel, R. (2001). The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), 1014–1027. doi: 10.1037/0022–3514.81.6.1014
14. Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Academy of Management Review, 58(1), 132–153. doi: 10.5465/amr.2010.0479
15. Beal, D. J. (2012). Industrial/organizational psychology. In M. R. Mehl & T. S. Conner (Eds.), Handbook of research methods for studying daily life (pp. 601–619). New York: Guilford Press.
16. Beal, D. J., & Ghandour, L. (2011). Stability, change, and the stability of change in daily workplace affect. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 52(4), 526–546. doi: 10.1002/job.713
17. Beal, D. J., Weiss, H. M., Barros, E., & MacDermid, S. M. (2005). An episodic process model of affective influences on performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1054–1068.
18. Bereiter, C. (1963). Some persisting dilemmas in the measurement of change. In C. W. Harris (Ed.), Problems in measuring change (pp. 3–20). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
19. Berling, G. (2008 [1926]). Planmäßiges Einführen des Menschen in den industriellen Arbeitsablauf [Systematic introduction of the human in the industrial work process]. In P. Sachse, W. Hacker & E. Ulich (Eds.), Quellen der Arbeitspsychologie: Ausgewählte historische Texte (pp. 785–795). Bern: Hogrefe Huber. (Reprinted from Industrielle Psychotechnik, 1926, 5(3).)
20. Bills, A. G. (1934). Methods of studying work and fatigue. General experimental psychology (pp. 413–427). New York: Longmans, Green.
21. Blankenship, A. B., & Taylor, H. R. (1938). Prediction of vocational proficiency in three machine operations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 22(5), 518–526. doi: 10.1037/h0061197
22. Blankenship, V. (1992). Individual differences in resultant achievement motivation and latency to and persistence at an achievement task. Motivation and Emotion, 16(1), 35–63. doi: 10.1007/bf00996486
23. Bledow, R. (2013). Demand-perception and self-motivation as opponent processes: A response to Bandura and Vancouver. Journal of Management, 39(1), 14–26. doi: 10.1177/0149206312466149
24. Bledow, R., Schmitt, A., Frese, M., & Kühnel, J. (2011). The affective shift model of work engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(6), 1246–1257. doi: 10.1037/a0024532
25. Block, R. A. (Ed.). (1990). Cognitive models of psychological time. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
26. Bluedorn, A. C. (2002). The human organization of time: Temporal realities and experience. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
27. Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 579–616.
28. Brose, A., Schmiedek, F., Lövdén, M., & Lindenberger, U. (2012). Daily variability in working memory is coupled with negative affect: The role of attention and motivation. Emotion, 12(3), 605–617. doi: 10.1037/a0024436
29. Bruss, F. T., & Rüschendorf, L. (2010). On the perception of time. Gerontology, 56(4), 361–370. doi: 10.1159/000272315
30. Cattell, R. B. (1952). Three basic factor-analytic research designs: Their interrelations and derivatives. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 499–520.
31. Ceja, L., & Navarro, J. (2009). Dynamics of flow: A nonlinear perspective. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(6), 665–684. doi: 10.1007/s10902–008-9113–6
32. Ceja, L., & Navarro, J. (2011). Dynamic patterns of flow in the workplace: Characterizing within-individual variability using a complexity science approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(4), 627–651. doi: 10.1002/job.747
33. Cellar, D. F., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Young, S. K., Fisher, D. M., Adair, C. K., Haynes, S., … Riester, D. (2011). Trait goal orientation, self-regulation, and performance: A metaanalysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(4), 467–483. doi: 10.1007/s10869–010-9201–6
34. Chan, D. (1998). The conceptualization and analysis of change over time: An integrative approach incorporating longitudinal mean and covariance structures analysis (LMACS) and multiple indicator latent growth modeling (MLGM). Organizational Research Methods, 1(4), 421–483. doi: 10.1177/109442819814004
35. Chapanis, A., Garner, W. R., & Morgan, C. T. (1949). Working and resting. Applied experimental psychology: Humanfactors in engineering design (pp. 365–392). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
36. Claessens, B. J. C., Roe, R. A., & Rutte, C. G. (2009). Time management: Logic, effectiveness and challenges. In R. A. Roe, M. J. Waller, & S. Clegg (Eds.), Time in organizational research (pp. 23–41). London: Routledge.
37. Claessens, B. J. C., van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2010). Things to do today&: A daily diary study on task completion at work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(2), 273–295. doi: 10.1111/j.1464–0597.2009.00390.x
38. Coates, G. D., & Kirby, R. H. (1982). Organismic factors and individual differences in human performance and productivity. In E. A. Alluisi & E. A. Fleishman (Eds.), Stress and performance effectiveness (pp. 91–140). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
39. Cox-Fuenzalida, L.-E., & Angie, A. D. (2005). The effects of workload history on dual task performance. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 24(3), 171–179. doi: 10.1007/s12144–005-1020-y
40. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Flow. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 381–382). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41. Dalal, R. S., & Hulin, C. L. (2008). Motivation for what? A multivariate dynamic perspective of the criterion. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future (Vol. 27, pp. 63–100). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
42. Dalal, R. S., Lam, H., Weiss, H. M., Welch, E. R., & Hulin, C. L. (2009). A within-person approach to work behavior and performance: Concurrent and lagged citizenship-counterproductivity associations, and dynamic relationships with affect and overall job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 1051–1066. doi: 10.5465/amj.2009.44636148
43. Darden, E. (1972). The use of motivational techniques in strength development: A review of literature. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 9(2), 3–9.
44. Deadrick, D. L., Bennett, N., & Russell, C. J. (1997). Using hierarchical linear modeling to examine dynamic performance criteria over time. Journal of Management, 25(6), 745–757.
45. Diefendorff, J. M., & Lord, R. G. (2008). Goal-striving and self-regulation processes. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future (pp. 151–196). New York: Routledge.
46. Doerr, K. H., Freed, T., Mitchell, T. R., Schriesheim, C. A., & Zhou, X. (2004). Work flow policy and within-worker and between-workers variability in performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 911–921. doi: 10.1037/0021–9010.89.5.911
47. Donovan, J. J. (2002). Work motivation. In N. Anderson, D. S. Ones, H. K. Sinangil, & C. Viswesvaran (Eds.), Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology: Vol. 2. Organizational psychology (pp. 53–76). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
48. Efimoff, W. W. (2008 [1926]). Ermüdungsmessung bei Näh-und Bügelarbeit [Fatigue measurement in sewing and ironing work]. In P. Sachse, W. Hacker, & E. Ulich (Eds.), Quellen der Arbeitspsychologie: Ausgewählte historische Texte (pp. 572–582). Bern: Hogrefe Huber. (Reprinted from Industrielle Psychotechnik, 2(2).)
49. Fisher, C. D., & Noble, C. S. (2004). A within-person examination of correlates of performance and emotions while working. Human Performance, 17(2), 145–168. doi: 10.1207/s15327043hup1702_2
50. Ford, M. E. (1992). Motivating humans: Goals, emotions, and personal agency beliefs. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
51. Fried, Y., & Slowik, L. H. (2004). Enriching goal-setting theory with time: An integrated approach. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 404–422.
52. George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2000). The role of time in theory and theory building. Journal of Management, 26(4), 657–684. doi: 10.1016/s0149–2063(00)00051–9.
53. Gilson, T. A., Chow, G. M., & Feltz, D. L. (2012). Self-efficacy and athletic squat performance: Positive or negative influences at the within-and between-levels of analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(6), 1467–1485. doi: 10.1111/j.1559–1816.2012.00908.x
54. Golembiewski, R. T., Billingsley, K., & Yeager, S. (1976). Measuring change and persistence in human affairs: Types of change generated by OD designs. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 12, 133–157.
55. Graf, O. (1928). Die Arbeitspause in Theorie und Praxis. Psychologische Arbeiten, 9, 563–683.
56. Guastello, S. J. (1995). Chaos, catastrophe, and human affairs: Applications of nonlinear dynamics to work, organizations, and social evolution. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
57. Guastello, S. J., Gorin, H., Huschen, S., Peters, N. E., Fabisch, M., & Poston, K. (2012). New paradigm for task switching strategies while performing multiple tasks: Entropy and symbolic dynamics analysis of voluntary patterns. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 16(4), 471–497.
58. Guastello, S. J., Johnson, E. A., & Rieke, M. L. (1999). Nonlinear dynamics of motivational flow. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 3(3), 259–273. doi: 10.1023/a:1021830917726
59. Hamade, R. F., Artail, H. A., & Jaber, M. Y. (2007). Evaluating the learning process of mechanical CAD students. Computers & Education, 49(3), 640–661. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2005.11.009
60. Hauck, E. L., Snyder, L. A., & Cox-Fuenzalida, L.-E. (2008). Workload variability and social support: Effects on stress and performance. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 27(2), 112–125. doi: 10.1007/s12144–008-9026-x
61. Henry, R. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1987). Stability of skilled performance across time: Some generalizations and limitations on utilities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 457–462. doi: 10.1037/0021–9010.72.3.457
62. Higgins, E. T. (1999). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. In Baumeister, R. F. (Ed.), The Self in Social Psychology (pp. 150–175). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
63. Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R., & Baratta, J. E. (1993). Dynamic criteria and the measurement of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(2), 194–204.
64. Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R., & Gerras, S. J. (1992). Mapping individual performance over time. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(2), 185–195.
65. Hofmann, W., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). What people desire, feel conflicted about, and try to resist in everyday life. Psychological Science, 23(6), 582–588. doi: 10.1177/0956797612437426
66. Hultsch, D. F., MacDonald, S. W. S., & Dixon, R. A. (2002). Variability in reaction time performance of younger and older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B(2), P101-P115. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.2.P101
67. Inn, A., Hulin, C. L., & Tucker, L. (1972). Three sources of criterion variance: Static dimensionality, dynamic dimensionality, and individual dimensionality. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 8(1), 58–83. doi: 10.1016/0030–5073(72)90037–2
68. Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. L. (2004). Aging, adult development, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 440–458. doi: 10.5465/amr.2004.13670969
69. Kanfer, R., Chen, G., & Pritchard, R. D. (Eds.). (2008). Work motivation: Past, present, and future. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
70. Karoly, P. (1993). Mechanisms of self-regulation: A systems view. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 23–52.
71. Kirchberg, D. M. (2012). Polychronicity and multitasking in the context of multiple-goal-management: A diary study. Unpublished manuscript, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
72. Kirchberg, D. M., Roe, R. A., & Van Eerde, W. (2009, August). Understanding how people manage multiple goals at work: A theoretical model and its implications. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Chicago.
73. Kirchberg, D. M., Roe, R. A., & Van Eerde, W. (2009, December). Patterns and predictors of multiple goal management. Kolloquium Arbeits-und Organisationspsychologie, Universität Konstanz.
74. König, C. J., & Kleinmann, M. (2005). Deadline rush: A time management phenomenon and its mathematical description. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 139(1), 33–45. doi: 10.3200/jrlp.139.1.33–45
75. König, C. J., van Eerde, W., & Burch, A. (2010). Predictors and consequences of daily goal adaptation: A diary study. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(1), 50–56. doi: 10.1027/1866–5888/a000002
76. Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Klein, K. J. (2000). A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes. In K. J. Klein & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations (pp. 3–90). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
77. Kraepelin, E. (1902). Die Arbeitscurve. Philosophische Studien, 19, 459–507.
78. Latham, G. P., Ganegoda, D. B., & Locke, E. A. (2011). Goal-setting: A state theory, but related to traits. In T. Chamorro-Premuzic, S. von Stumm, & A. Furnham (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of individual differences (pp. 579–587): Wiley-Blackwell.
79. Legault, L., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Self-determination, self-regulation, and the brain: Autonomy improves performance by enhancing neuroaffective responsiveness to selfregulation failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(1), 123–138. doi: 10.1037/a0030426
80. Lesiuk, T. (2005). The effect of music listening on work performance. Psychology of Music, 33(2), 173–191. doi: 10.1177/0305735605050650
81. Li, J., & Roe, R. A. (2012). Introducing an intrateam longitudinal approach to the study of team process dynamics. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(5), 718–748. doi: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.660749
82. Li, J., & Waller, M. J. (2008, August). Time urgency, time perspective, polychronicity, and temporal depth: Orthogonality and construct stability. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the AOM, Anaheim, CA.
83. Locke, E. A. (1991). Goal theory vs. control theory: Contrasting approaches to understanding work motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 15(1), 9–28. doi: 10.1007/BF00991473
84. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. doi: 10.1037/0003–066x.57.9.705
85. Magnusson, D., & Stattin, H. K. (1998). Person-context interaction theories. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 685–759). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
86. Marszal-Wisniewska, M. (2002). Model of volitional and temperamental influences on everyday functioning. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 33(3), 151–157.
87. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370–396.
88. Mayer-Kress, G., Newell, K. M., & Liu, Y.-T. (2009). Nonlinear dynamics of motor learning. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 13(1), 3–26.
89. McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human motivation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
90. Miner, A. G., & Glomb, T. M. (2010). State mood, task performance, and behavior at work: A within-persons approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 112(1), 43–57. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.11.009
91. Miner, A. G., Glomb, T. M., & Hulin, C. (2005). Experience sampling mood and its correlates at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(2), 171–193. doi: 10.1348/096317905x40105
92. Mitchell, T. R., Harman, W. S., Lee, T. W., & Lee, D. Y (2008). Self-regulation and multiple deadline goals. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future. New York: Routledge.
93. Mitchell, T. R., & James, L. R. (2001). Building better theory: Time and the specification of when things happen. Academy of Management Review, 26(4), 530–547. doi: 10.5465/amr.2001.5393889
94. Molenaar, P. C. M. (2004). A manifesto on psychology as idiographic science: Bringing the person back into scientific psychology, this time forever. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2(4), 201–218. doi: 10.1207/s15366359mea0204_1
95. Molenaar, P. C. M. (2007). Psychological methodology will change profoundly due to the necessity to focus on intra-individual variation. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 41(1), 35–40.
96. Molenaar, P. C. M., Huizinga, H. M., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2003). The relationship between the structure of interindividual and intraindividual variability: A theoretical and empirical vindication of developmental systems theory. In U. M. Staudinger & U. Lindenberger (Eds.), Understanding human development: Dialogues with lifespan psychology (pp. 339–360). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
97. Molenaar, P. C. M., Sinclair, K. O., Rovine, M. J., Ram, N., & Corneal, S. E. (2009). Analyzing developmental processes on an individual level using nonstationary time series modeling. Developmental Psychology, 45(1), 260–271. doi: 10.1037/a0014170
98. Mosso, A. (1890). Ueber die Gesetze der Ermüdung: Untersuchungen an Muskeln des Menschen. Archiv für Physiologie, 89–168. Available from: http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin. mpg.de/library/data/lit5539?
99. Murphy, K. R. (1989). Is the relationship between cognitive ability and job performance stable over time? Human Performance, 2(3), 183–200. doi: 10.1207/s15327043hup0203_3
100. Musher-Eizenman, D. R., Nesselroade, J. R., & Schmitz, B. (2002). Perceived control and academic performance: A comparison of high-and low-performing children on within-person change patterns. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(6), 540–547. doi: 10.1080/01650250143000517
101. Navarro, J., Arrieta, C., & Ballén, C. (2007). An approach to the study of the dynamics of work motivation using the diary method. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 11(4), 473–498.
102. Navarro, J., Curioso, F., Gomes, D., Arritea, C., & Cortes, M. (2013). Fluctuations in work motivation: Tasks do not matter! Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 17(1), 3–22.
103. Nesselroade, J. R. (2006). Quantitative modeling in adult development and aging: Reflections and projections. In C. S. Bergeman & S. M. Boker (Eds.), Methodological issues in aging research (pp. 1–17). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
104. Nesselroade, J. R., & Ram, N. (2004). Studying intraindividual variability: What we have learned that will help us understand lives in context. Research in Human Development, 1(1–2), 9–29. doi: 10.1207/s15427617rhd0101&2_3
105. Nesselroade, J. R., & Salthouse, T. A. (2004). Methodological and theoretical implications of intraindividual variability in perceptual-motor performance. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59B(2), P49-P55. doi: 10.1093/geronb/59.2.P49
106. Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2008). The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 392–423. doi: 10.1037/00219010.93.2.392
107. Noble, C. E., Baker, B. L., & Jones, T. A. (1964). Age and sex parameters in psychomotor learning. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 19(3), 935–945. doi: 10.2466/pms.1964.19.3.935
108. Ployhart, R. E. (2008). The measurement and analysis of motivation. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future (pp. 18–61). New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
109. Ram, N., Rabbitt, P., Stollery, B., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2005). Cognitive performance inconsistency: Intraindividual change and variability. Psychology and Aging, 20(4), 623–633.
110. Rast, P., & Zimprich, D. (2010). Individual differences in a positional learning task across the adult lifespan. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2009.10.010
111. Rescher, N. (1996). Process metaphysics: An introduction to process philosophy. New York: State University of New York.
112. Revelle, W. (1989). Personality, motivation and cognitive performance. In R. Kanfer, P. L. Ackerman, & R. Cudeck (Eds.), Abilities, motivation and methodology: Minnesota symposium on learning and individual differences (pp. 297–341). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
113. Richard, E. M., Diefendorff, J. M., & Martin, J. H. (2006). Revisiting the within-person self-efficacy and performance relation. Human Performance, 19(1), 67–87. doi: 10.1207/s15327043hup1901_4
114. Richter, W. (1931). Leistungssteigerungen in der Blankschraubenfabrikation durch Einführung von Zwangspausen. Industrielle Psychotechnik, 8, 129–146.
115. Rodrigue, K. M., Kennedy, K. M., & Raz, N. (2005). Aging and longitudinal change in perceptual-motor skill acquisition in healthy adults. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60B(4), P174-P181. doi: 10.1093/geronb/60.4.P174
116. Roe, R. A. (1999). Work performance: A multiple regulation perspective. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology 1999 (Vol. 14, pp. 231–335). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
117. Roe, R. A. (2008a). Time in applied psychology: The study of “what happens” rather than “what is.” European Psychologist, 13(1), 37–52. doi: 10.1027/1016–9040.13.1.37
118. Roe, R. A. (2008b, September). Time and the study of behavior in organizations: Implications for assessment, selection, and development. Paper presented at the SHL Seminar, Thames Ditton, UK.
119. Roe, R. A. (2009). Perspectives on time and the chronometric study of what happens in organizations. In R. A. Roe, M. Waller, & S. Clegg (Eds.), It’s about time: Perspectives on time in organizational research (pp. 291–313). London: Routledge.
120. Roe, R. A. (2012). What is wrong with mediators and moderators. European Health Psychologist, 14(1), 4–9.
121. Roe, R. A., Gockel, C., & Meyer, B. (2012). Time and change in teams: Where we are and where we are moving. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(5), 629–656. doi: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.729821
122. Roe, R. A., & Quist, S. J. (2004). Strengths and limitations of work calendars as a research tool. Unpublished manuscript, Faculty of Economics & Business Administration, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.
123. Sachse, P., Hacker, W., & Ulich, E. (Eds.). (2008). Quellen der Arbeitspsychologie: Vol. 65. Ausgewählte historische Texte. Bern: Hogrefe Huber.
124. Schmidt, A. M., & DeShon, R. P. (2007). What to do? The effects of discrepancies, incentives, and time on dynamic goal prioritization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 928–941. doi: 10.1037/0021–9010.92.4.928
125. Schmidt, L., Lebreton, M., Cléry-Melin, M.-L., Daunizeau, J., & Pessiglione, M. (2012). Neural mechanisms underlying motivation of mental versus physical effort. PLoS Biology, 10(2). doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001266
126. Schulz, F., & Grunow, D. (2012). Comparing diary and survey estimates on time use. European Sociological Review, 28(5), 622–632.
127. Shub, Y., Lewy, H., & Ashkenazi, I. E. (2001). Circadian pattern of simulated flight performance of pilots is derived from ultradian components. Chronobiology International, 18(6), 987–1003. doi: 10.1081/cbi-100107973
128. Smallwood, J., McSpadden, M., Luus, B., & Schooler, J., (2008). Segmenting the stream of consciousness: The psychological correlates of temporal structures in the time series data of a continuous performance task. Brain and Cognition, 66(1), 50–56. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.05.004
129. Spain, S. M., Miner, A. G., Kroonenberg, P. M., & Drasgow, F. (2010). Job performance as multivariate dynamic criteria: Experience sampling and multiway component analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(4), 599–626. doi: 10.1080/00273171.2010.498286
130. Stamov-Rossnagel, C., & Biemann, T. (2012). Ageing and work motivation: A task-level perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 459–478. doi: 10.1108/02683941211235382
131. Starbuck, W. H. (1963). Level of aspiration. Psychological Review, 70(1), 51–60. doi: 10.1037/h0042712
132. Steele-Johnson, D., Osburn, H. G., & Pieper, K. F. (2000). A review and extension of current models of dynamic criteria. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(3), 110–136. doi: 10.1111/1468–2389.00141
133. Stone, A. A., & Shiftman, S. (1994). Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in behavioral medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 199–202.
134. Tengblad, S. (2002). Time and space in managerial work. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 18, 543–565.
135. Thoresen, C. J., Bradley, J. C., Bliese, P. D., & Thoresen, J. D. (2004). The big five personality traits and individual job performance growth trajectories in maintenance and transitional job stages. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 835–853. doi: 10.1037/0021–9010.89.5.835
136. Thorndike, E. L. (1912). The curve of work. Psychological Review, 19(3), 165–194. doi: 10.1037/h0073541
137. Thorndike, E. L. (1917). The curve of work and the curve of satisfyingness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1(3), 265–267. doi: 10.1037/h0074929
138. Totterdell, P. (2000). Catching moods and hitting runs: Mood linkage and subjective performance in professional sport teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 848–859.
139. Vancouver, J. B., Thompson, C. M., Tischner, E. C., & Putka, D. J. (2002). Two studies examining the negative effect of self-efficacy on performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 506–516.
140. Vancouver, J. B., Thompson, C. M., & Williams, A. A. (2001). The changing signs in the relationships among self-efficacy, personal goals, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 605–620.
141. Vancouver, J. B., Weinhardt, J. M., & Schmidt, A. M. (2010). A formal, computational theory of multiple-goal pursuit: Integrating goal-choice and goal-striving processes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 985–1008. doi: 10.1037/a0020628
142. Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
143. Van de Ven, A. H., & Poole, M. S. (1995). Explaining development and change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 510–540. doi: 10.5465/amr.1995.9508080329
144. Van De Ven, A. H., & Poole, M. S. (2005). Alternative approaches for studying organizational change. Organization Studies (01708406), 26(9), 1377–1404. doi: 10.1177/0170840605056907
145. Vartiainen, M., Hakonen, M., Koivisto, S., Mannonen, P., Nieminen, M. P., Ruhomäki, V, & Vartola, A. (2007). Distributed and mobile work: Places, people and technology. Helsinki: Otatieto.
146. Waern, Y. (1991). On the microstructure of learning a wordprocessor. Acta Psychologica, 78(1–3), 287–304. doi: 10.1016/0001–6918(91)90015-r
147. Weckauf, K. (2005). The Calendar Model in practice: What work calendars reveal about employees’planning behavior with respect to goal management (Unpublished master’s thesis). Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
148. Weiss, H. M., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Beal, D. J. (2005). Attentional and regulatory mechanisms of momentary work motivation and performance. In J. P. Forgas, K. D. Williams, & S. M. Laham (Eds.), Social motivation: Conscious and unconscious processes (pp. 314–331). New York: Cambridge University Press.
149. Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews (Vol. 18, pp. 1–74). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
150. Yeo, G. B., & Neal, A. (2006). An examination of the dynamic relationship between self-efficacy and performance across levels of analysis and levels of specificity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1088–1101. doi: 10.1037/0021–9010.91.5.1088
151. Zaheer, S., Albert, S., & Zaheer, A. (1999). Time scales and organizational theory. Academy of Management Review, 24, 725–741.
152. Zijlstra, F. R. H., Roe, R. A., Leonova, A. B., & Krediet, I. (1999). Temporal factors in mental work: Effects of interrupted activities. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(2), 163–185. doi: 10.1348/096317999166581