Spatial Language and Dialogue

Spatial Language and Dialogue

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-232

  Coventry, Kenny R ^a   Tenbrink, Thora ^b   Bateman, John ^b  

^a NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

AI; GIScience; Location; Monologue; Neuroscience; Robotics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919705190     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554201.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (311)

1. Abbeduto, L., Weissman, M., and Short-Meyerson, K. (1999). 'Parental scaffolding of the discourse of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: the case of referential expressions', Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 43: 540-57.
2. Allen, G. L. (2000). 'Principles and practices for communicating route knowledge', Applied Cognitive Psychology 14: 333-59.
3. Allen, J. and Core, M. (1997). 'Draft of DAMSL: Dialogue Markup in Several Layers', retrieved on 10 February 2008 from http://www.cs.rochester.edu/ research/ speech/damsl/RevisedManual/.
4. Allwood, J. (1995). 'An activity-based approach to pragmatics', Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics 76.
5. Anderson, A. H. (1995). 'Negotiating coherence in dialogue', in M. A. Gernsbacher and T. Givón (eds.), Coherence in Spontaneous Text. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
6. Anderson, A. H, Bader, M., Bard, E., Boyle, E., Doherty, G. M., and Garrod, S. (1991). 'The HCRC map task corpus', Language and Speech 34: 351-66.
7. André, E., Rist, T., and Müller, J. (1998). 'WebPersona: a life-like presentation agent for the world-wide web', Knowledge-Based Systems 11(1): 25-36.
8. Asher, N. and Lascarides, A. (1998). 'Questions in dialogue', Linguistics and Philosophy 21: 237-309.
9. Bangerter, A. (2004). 'Using pointing and describing to achieve joint focus of attention in dialogue', Psychological Science 15: 415-19.
10. Bangerter, A. and Clark, H. H. (2003). 'Navigating joint projects with dialogue', Cognitive Science 27: 195-225.
11. Bard, E. G. and Aylett, M. P. (2004). 'Referential form, word duration, and modelling the listener in spoken dialogue', in J. Trueswell and M. Tanenhaus (eds.), Approaches to Studying World-situated Language Use. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12. Barr, D. J., and Keysar, B. (2002). Anchoring comprehension in linguistic precedents. Journal of Memory and Language 46: 391-418.
13. Bavelas, J. B. and Chovil, N. (2000). 'Visible acts of meaning. An integrated message model of language in face-to-face dialogue', Journal of Language and Social Psychology 19(2): 163-94.
14. Bavelas, J. B., Coates, L. and Johnson, T. (2000). 'Listeners as co-narrators', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79: 941-52.
15. Biederman, I. (1987). 'Recognition-by-components: a theory of human image understanding', Psychological Review 94(2): 115-47.
16. Bloom, P., Peterson, M. A., Nadel, L., and Garrett, M. (1996). Language and Space. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
17. Bock, K. (1989). 'Closed-class immanence in sentence production', Cognition 31: 163-86.
18. Bock, K., Dell, G. S., Chang, F., and Onishi, K. H. (2007). 'Persistent structural priming from language comprehension to language production', Cognition 104: 437-58.
19. Bolt, R. (1980). ' "Put-that-there": voice and gesture at the graphics interface', in Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques: 262-70.
20. Branigan, H. P., Pickering, M. J., and Cleland, A. A. (2000). 'Syntactic co-ordination in dialogue', Cognition 75: B13-B25.
21. Brennan, S. E. and Clark, H. H. (1996). 'Conceptual pacts and lexical choice in conversation', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 22: 1482-93.
22. Brennan, S. E. and Williams, M. (1995). 'The feeling of another's knowing: prosody and filled pauses as cues to listeners about the metacognitive states of speakers', Journal of Memory and Language 34: 383-98.
23. Bryant, D. J., Tversky, B., and Franklin, N. (1992). 'Internal and external spatial frameworks for representing described scenes', Journal of Memory and Language 31(1): 74-98.
24. Bryant, D. J., and Wright, W. G. (1999). 'How bodily asymmetries determine accessibility in spatial frameworks', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 52A: 487-508.
25. Burke, C., Doran, C., Gertner, A., Gregorowicz, A., Harper, L., Korb, J., and Loehr, D. (2003). 'Dialogue complexity with portability? Research directions for the Information State approach', in The Research Directions in Dialogue Processing Workshop at the 2003 HLT-NAACL/NSF Human Language Technology Conference.
26. Bürkle, B., Nirmaier, H., and Herrmann, T. (1986). ' "Von dir aus ...": zur hörerbezogenen lokalen Referenz. ["From your point of view ...": on listeneroriented local reference]', Bericht Nr. 10, Arbeiten der Forschergruppe 'Sprechen und Sprachverstehen im sozialen Kontext', Heidelberg: Mannheim.
27. Cangelosi, A. and Parisi, D. (2002). 'Computer simulation: a new scientific approach to the study of language evolution', in A. Cangelosi and D. Parisi (eds.), Simulating the Evolution of Language. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York:Springer.
28. Carletta, J. C. (1996). 'Assessing agreement on classification tasks: the kappa statistic', Computational Linguistics 22(2): 249-54.
29. Carletta, J. C., Isard, A., Isard, S., Kowtko, J. C., Doherty-Sneddon, G., and Anderson, A. H. (1997). 'The reliability of a dialogue structure coding schema', Computational Linguistics, 23(1), 13-31.
30. Carlson, L. A. (2000). 'Object use and object location: the effect of function on spatial relations', in E. van der Zee and U. Nikanne (eds.), Cognitive Interfaces: Constraints on Linking Cognitive Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Carlson, L. A. (2003). 'Using spatial language', The Psychology of Learning and Motivation 43: 127-61.
32. Carlson, L. A. and Hill, P. L. 'Formulating spatial descriptions across various dialogue contexts'.
33. Carlson, L. A. and Hill, P. L. (2008). 'Processing the presence, placement and properties of a distractor in spatial language tasks', Memory and Cognition, 36(2), 240-55.
34. Carlson, L. A. and Logan, G. D. (2005). 'Attention and spatial language', in L. Itti, G. Rees, and J. Tsotsos (eds.). Neurobiology of Attention. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press.
35. Carlson, L. A. and van der Zee, E. (eds.) (2005). Functional Features in Language and Space: Insights from Perception, Categorization and Development. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
36. Carlson-Radvansky, L. A. and Irwin, D. E. (1993). Frame of reference in vision and language: Where is above? Cognition 46(3): 223-244.
37. Carlson-Radvansky, L. A. and Jiang, Y. (1998). 'Inhibition accompanies reference-frame selection', Psychological Science 9: 386-91.
38. Carlson-Radvansky, L. A. and Logan, G. D. (1997). 'The influence of reference frame selection on spatial template construction', Journal of Memory and Language 37: 411-37.
39. Carlson-Radvansky, L. A. and Radvansky, G. A. (1996). 'The influence of functional relations on spatial term selection', Psychological Science 7: 56-60.
40. Carlson-Radvansky, L. A. and Tang, Z. (2000). 'Functional influences on orienting a reference frame', Memory and Cognition 28: 812-20.
41. Carroll, M. (1997). 'Changing place in English and German: language-specific preferences in the conceptualization of spatial relations', in J. Nuyts and E. Pederson (eds.), Language and Conceptualization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
42. Cassell, J., Stocky, T., Bickmore, T., Gao, Y., Nakano, Y., Ryokai, K., Tversky, D., Vaucelle, C., and Vilhjálmsson, H. (2002). 'MACK: Media lab Autonomous Conversational Kiosk', Proceedings of Imagina '02. 12-15 February, Monte Carlo.
43. Chan, T.-T. and Bergen, B. (2005). Writing Direction Influences Spatial Cognition. In B.G. Bara, L. Barsalou and M. Buchiarelli (eds.), Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
44. Chartrand, T. L. and Bargh, J. A. (1999). 'The chameleon effect: the perception-behaviour link and social interaction', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76: 893-910.
45. Cheshire, J. (1996). 'That jacksprat: an interactional perspective on English that', Journal of Pragmatics 25: 369-93.
46. Clark, H. H. (1973). 'Space, time, semantics, and the child', in T. E. Moore (ed.), Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language. New York:Academic Press.
47. Clark, H. H. (1996). Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
48. Clark, H. H. and Wilkes-Gibbs, D. (1986). 'Referring as a collaborative process', Cognition 22: 1-39.
49. Cleland, A. A. and Pickering, M. J. (2003). 'The use of lexical and syntactic information in language production: evidence from the priming of noun phrase structure', Journal of Memory and Language 49: 214-30.
50. Clementini, E. and Di Felice, P. (1997). 'A global framework for qualitative shape description', GeoInformatics 1: 11-27.
51. Cohn, A. G., Bennett, B., Gooday, J., and Gotts, N. M. (1997). 'Qualitative spatial representation and reasoning with the region connection calculus', Geoinformatics 1: 1-44.
52. Cohn, A. G., and Hazarika, S. (2001). 'Qualitative spatial representation and reasoning', Fundamenta Informatica 46: 1-29.
53. Conrad, F. G. and Schober, M. F. (2000). 'Clarifying question meaning in a household telephone survey', Public Opinion Quarterly 64: 1-28.
54. Core, M. and Allen, J. (1997). 'Coding dialogs with the DAMSL annotation scheme', in Working Notes of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Communicative Actions in Humans and Machines: 28-35, Cambridge, MA.
55. Cornish, F. (2001). 'Modal "that" as determiner and pronoun: the primacy of the cognitive- interactive dimension', English Language and Linguistics 5:297-315.
56. Coventry, K. R. (1999). 'Function, geometry, and spatial prepositions: three experiments', Spatial Cognition and Computation 1: 145-54.
57. Coventry, K. R. and Garrod, S. C. (2004). Saying, Seeing and Acting. The Psychological Semantics of Spatial Prepositions. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
58. Dale, R., Geldof, S., and Prost, J.-P. (2005). 'Using natural language generation in automatic route description', Journal of Research and Practice in Information Technology 37(1): 89-105.
59. Dale, R., and Reiter, E. (1995). 'Computational interpretations of the Gricean maxims in the generation of referring expressions', Cognitive Science 18:233-63.
60. Daniel, M. P., Tversky, B., and Heiser, J. (2006). 'How to put things together', manuscript.
61. de Vega, M., Rodrigo, M. J., Ato, M., Dehn, D. M., and Barquero, B. (2002). 'How nouns and prepositions fit together: an exploration of the semantics of locative sentences', Discourse Processes 34: 117-43.
62. Denis, M. (1997). 'The description of routes: a cognitive approach to the production of spatial discourse', Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive 16: 409-58.
63. Denis, M. and Briault, X. (1997). 'Les aides verbales à la navigation', in M. Denis (ed.), Langage et cognition spatiale, Sciences Cognitives. Paris: Masson.
64. Denis, M. Pazzaglia, F., Cornoldi, C., and Bertolo, L. (1999). 'Spatial discourse and navigation: an analysis of route directions in the city of Venice', Applied Cognitive Psychology 13: 145-74.
65. Deutsch, W. and Pechmann, T. (1982). 'Social interactions and the development of definite descriptions', Cognition 11(2): 159-84.
66. Ehrich, V. (1985). 'Zur Linguistik und Psycholinguistik der sekundären Raumdeixis [Linguistics and psycholinguistics of secondary spatial deixis]', in H. Schweizer (ed.), Sprache und Raum. Psychologische und linguistische Aspekte der Aneignung und Verarbeitung von Räumlichkeit. Ein Arbeitsbuch für das Lehren von Forschung. Stuttgart: Metzler.
67. Ehrich, V. and Koster, C. (1983). 'Discourse organization and sentence form: the structure of room descriptions in Dutch', Discourse Processes 6: 169-95.
68. Eiser, J. R. (1971). 'Categorization, cognitive consistency and the concept of dimensional salience', European Journal of Social Psychology 1: 435-54.
69. Emmorey, K., Tversky, B., and Taylor, H. A. (2000). 'Using space to describe space: perspective in speech, sign, and gesture', Spatial Cognition and Computation 2: 157-80.
70. Enfield, N. J. (2004). 'On linear segmentation and combinatorics in co-speech gesture', Semiotica, 149-1/4, 57-123.
71. Engelkamp, J. (1998). Memory for Actions. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
72. Engle, R. A. (1998). 'Not channels but composite signals: speech, gesture, diagrams, and object demonstrations are integrated in multimodal explanations', in M. A. Gernsbacher and S. J. Derry (eds.), Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
73. Eschenbach, C. (2005). 'Contextual, functional, and geometric components in the semantics of projective terms', in L. Carlson and E. van der Zee (eds.), Functional Features in Language and Space: Insights from Perception, Categorization, and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
74. Evers, M., Theune, M., and Karreman, J. (2007). 'Which way to turn? Guide orientation in virtual way finding', in Proceedings of the ACL 2007 Workshop on Embodied Language Processing: pp. 25-32.
75. Farrell, W. S. (1979). 'Coding left and right', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5: 42-51.
76. Fetzer, A. and Fischer, K. (eds). (2007). Lexical Markers of Common Ground. Elsevier.
77. Filipi, A. and Wales, R. (2003). 'Differential uses of okay, right and alright and their function in signaling perspective shift or maintenance in a map task', Semiotica 1: 429-55.
78. Filipi, A. and Wales, R. (2004). 'Perspective-taking and perspective-shifting as socially situated and collaborative actions', Journal of Pragmatics 36(10): 1851-84.
79. Fillmore, C. J. (1971). 'Toward a theory of deixis', Working Papers in Linguistics 3. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.
80. Fischer, K. (2003). 'Linguistic methods for investigating concepts in use', in T. Stolz and K. Kolbe (eds.), Methodologie in der Linguistik. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang.
81. Fischer, K. and Moratz, R. (2001). 'From communicative strategies to cognitive modelling', in Workshop Epigenetic Robotics, Lund.
82. Formal Systems (2001). Failures Divergence Refinement FDR2 Preliminary Manual. Formal Systems (Europe) Ltd.
83. Foster, M. E. (2004). 'Corpus-based planning of deictic gestures in COMIC', in A. Belz, R. Evans, and P. Piwek (eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Language Generation: 198-204, Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 3123.
84. Franklin, N., Henkel, L. A., and Zangas, T. (1995). 'Parsing surrounding space into regions', Memory and Cognition 23: 397-407.
85. Franklin, N., and Tversky, B. (1990). 'Searching imagined environments', Journal of Experimental Psychology 119: 63-76.
86. Freksa, C. (1992). 'Using orientation information for qualitative spatial reasoning', in A. U. Frank, I. Campari, and U. Formentini (eds.), Theories and Methods of Spatio-temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
87. Gardner, R. (2001). When Listeners Talk. Pragmatics and Beyond. John Benjamins.
88. Garrod, S. C. and Anderson, A. (1987). 'Saying what you mean in dialogue: a study in conceptual and semantic co-ordination', Cognition 27: 181-218.
89. Garrod, S. C. and Doherty, G. (1994). 'Conversation, co-ordination and convention:an empirical investigation of how groups establish linguistic conventions', Cognition 53: 181-215.
90. Garrod, S. C. and Pickering, M. J. (2004). 'Why is conversation so easy?', Trends in Cognitive Science 8: 8-11.
91. Garrod, S. C. and Pickering, M. J. (2007). 'Alignment in dialogue', in G. Gaskell (ed.), Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
92. Giles, H. and Powesland, P. F. (1975). Speech Styles and Social Evaluation. New York: Academic Press.
93. Ginzburg, J. (1996). 'Interrogatives: questions, facts and dialogue', in S. Lappin (ed.), Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
94. Glover, K. (2000). 'Proximal and distal deixis in negotiation talk', Journal of Pragmatics 32: 915-26.
95. Glover, K. and Grundy P. (1996). 'Why do we have these: when reconstructing the indexical ground is disfavoured'. Time, Space and Identity. Second International Colloquium on Deixis. Nancy: Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Nancy, 117-33.
96. Goel, V. (1995). Sketches of Thought. Cambridge: MIT Press.
97. Goldberg, A. E. (1995). Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
98. Goldin-Meadow, S. (2003). Hearing Gesture: How our Hands Help us Think. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
99. Golding, J., Graesser, A., and Hauselt, J. (1996). 'The process of answering direction-giving questions when someone is lost on a university campus: the role of pragmatics', Applied Cognitive Psychology 10: 23-39.
100. Goldschmidt, G. (1991). 'The dialectics of sketching', Creativity Research Journal 4, 123-43.
101. Gorniak, P. and Roy, D. (2004). 'Grounded semantic composition for visual scenes', Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 21: 429-70.
102. Grice, H. P. (1975). 'Logic and conversation (from the William James lectures, Harvard University, 1967)', in P. Cole and J. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press.
103. Gries, S. T. (2005). 'Syntactic priming: a corpus-based approach', Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 34: 365-99.
104. Grosz, B. J. and Sidner, C. L. (1986). 'Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse', Computational Linguistics 12(3): 175-204.
105. Habel, C. (2003). 'Incremental generation of multimodal route instructions', in Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue.
106. Hanks, W. F. (1990). Referential Practice: Language and Lived Space among the Mayas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
107. Hanks, W. F. (1992). 'The indexical ground of deictic reference', in A. Duranti and C. Goodwin (eds.), Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactional Phenomenon. New York: Cambridge University Press.
108. Harnad, S. (1987). Categorical Perception: The Groundwork of Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
109. Hartsuiker, R. J., Pickering, M. J., and Veltkamp, E. (2004). 'Is syntax separate or shared between languages? Cross-linguistic syntactic priming in Spanish-English bilinguals', Psychological Science 15: 409-14.
110. Haubensak, G. (1992). 'The consistency model: a process model for absolute judgments', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 18: 303-9.
111. Hayward, W. G. and Tarr, M. J. (1995). 'Spatial language and spatial representation', Cognition 55: 39-84.
112. Haywood, S. L., Pickering, M. J., and Branigan, H. P. (2005). 'Do speakers avoid ambiguities during dialogue?', Psychological Science 16: 362-6.
113. Hegarty, M. and Waller, D. (2004). 'A dissociation between mental rotation and perspective- taking abilities', Intelligence 32: 175-91.
114. Heiser, J., Phan, D., Agrawala, M., Tversky, B., and Hanrahan, P. (2004). 'Identification and validation of cognitive design principles for automated generation of assembly instructions', Proceedings of Advanced Visual Interfaces '04 ACM: 311-19.
115. Herrmann, T. (1989). 'Partnerbezogene Objektlokalisation-ein neues sprachpsychologisches Forschungsthema. [Partner-oriented localization of objects-a new psycholinguistic research topic]', Bericht Nr. 25, Arbeiten der Forschergruppe 'Sprechen und Sprachverstehen im sozialen Kontext', Heidelberg: Mannheim.
116. Herrmann, T. (1990). 'Vor, hinter, rechts und links: das 6H-Modell [In front, behind, right and left: the 6H model]', Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 78: 117-40.
117. Herrmann, T. Bürkle, B., and Nirmaier, H. (1987). 'Zur hörerbezogenen Raumreferenz:Hörerposition und Lokalisationsaufwand [On listener-oriented spatial reference: Listener position and localization effort]', Sprache & Kognition 3:126-37.
118. Herrmann, T. and Deutsch, W. (1976). Psychologie der Objektbenennung. Bern: Huber.
119. Herrmann, T. and Grabowski, J. (1994). Sprechen. Psychologie der Sprachproduktion. Heidelberg: Spektrum.
120. Herrmann, T. and Schweizer, K. (1998). Sprechen über Raum. Sprachliches Lokalisieren und seine kognitiven Grundlagen [Speaking about space. Verbal localization and its cognitive bases]. Bern: Huber.
121. Herskovits, A. (1986). Language and Spatial Cognition: an Interdisciplinary Study of the Prepositions of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
122. Hindmarsh, J. and Heath, C. (2000). 'Embodied reference: a study of deixis in workplace interaction', Journal of Pragmatics 32: 1855-78.
123. Hoare, C. A. R. (1985). Communicating Sequential Processes. Prentice-Hall.
124. Holzapfel, H. and Gieselmann, P. (2004). 'A way out of dead end situations in dialogue systems for human-robot interaction', in Humanoids 2004. Los Angeles.
125. Horton, W. S. and Gerrig, R. J. (2005). 'The impact of memory demands on audience design during language production', Cognition 96: 127-42.
126. Horton, W. S. and Keysar, B. (1996). 'When do speakers take into account common ground?', Cognition 59: 91-117.
127. Hummels, C. (2000). Gestural design tools: prototypes, experiments and scenarios. Doctoral dissertation, Technische Universiteit Delft.
128. Iachini, T. and Logie, R. H. (2003). 'The role of perspective in locating position in a real-world, unfamiliar environment', Applied Cognitive Psychology 17(6): 715-32.
129. Isaacs, E. A. and Clark, H. H. (1987). 'References in conversation between experts and novices', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116(1):26-37.
130. Jackendoff, R. (1996). 'The architecture of the linguistic-spatial interface', in P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. F. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space: Language, Speech and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
131. Johnston, M. and Bangalore, S. (2000). 'Finite state multimodal parsing and understanding', in Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING, 2000): 369-75.
132. Jurafsky, D., Bates, R., Coccaro, N., Martin, R., Meteer, M., Ries, K., Shriberg, E., Stolcke, A., Taylor, P., and Ess-Dykema, C. V. (1997). 'Switchboard discourse language modeling project final report', Summer Research Workshop Technical Reports, Research Note 30, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
133. Just, M. A. and Carpenter, P. A. (1985). 'Cognitive coordinate systems:accounts of mental rotation and individual differences in spatial ability', Psychological Review 92: 137-72.
134. Kataoka, K. (2004). 'Co-construction of a mental map in spatial discourse:a case study of Japanese rock climbers' use of deictic verbs of motion', Pragmatics 14: 409-38.
135. Kelly, S. D., Kravitz, C., and Hopkins, M. (2004). 'Neural correlates of bimodal speech and gesture comprehension', Brain and Language 89(1): 253-60.
136. Kendon, A. (1988). Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
137. Kendon, A. (2004). Gesture. Visible action as utterance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
138. Kessell, A. and Tversky, B. (2005). 'Gestures for thinking and explaining', in Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
139. Kimbara, I. (2006). 'On gestural mimicry', Gesture 6(1): 39-61.
140. Klein, W. (1982). 'Local deixis in route directions', in R. Jarvella and W. Klein (eds.), Speech, Place and Action. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
141. Klippel, A., Tenbrink, T., and Montello, D. (in press). 'The role of structure and function in the conceptualization of directions', in M. Dimitrova-Vulchanova and E. van der Zee (eds.), Motion Encoding in Spatial Language. Oxford:Oxford University Press.
142. Koons, D. B., Sparrell, C. J., and Thorisson, K. R. (1993). 'Integrating simultaneous input from speech, gaze and hand gestures', in M. T. Maybury (ed.), Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
143. Kopp, S., Tepper, P., and Cassell, J. (2004). 'Towards integrated microplanning of language and iconic gesture for multimodal output', in Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces. New York: ACM Press.
144. Kopp, S., Tepper, P., Ferriman, K., Striegnitz, K., and Cassell, J. (2007). 'Trading spaces:how humans and humanoids use speech and gesture to give directions', in T. Nishida (ed.) Conversational Informatics: An Engineering Approach. John Wiley and Sons.
145. Kopp, S., and Wachsmuth, I. (2004). 'Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents', The Journal of Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 15(1): 39-52.
146. Kosko, B. (1988). 'Bidirectional associative memories' IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 18(1): 49-60.
147. Kowtko, J. (1996). 'The function of intonation in task-oriented dialogues', PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
148. Krauss, R. M. (1998). 'Why do we gesture when we speak?', Current Directions in Psychological Science 7: 54-9.
149. Krauss, R. M. Dushay, R. A., Chen, Y., and Rauscher, F. (1995). 'The communicative value of conversational hand gestures', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 31: 533-52.
150. Krieg-Brückner, B., Frese, U., Lüttich, K., Mandel, C., Mossakowski, T., and Ross, R. (2005). 'Specification of an ontology for route graphs', in C. Freksa, M. Knauff, B. Krieg- Brückner, B. Nebel, and T. Barkowsky (eds.), Spatial Cognition IV: Reasoning, Action, Interaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
151. Krieg-Brückner, B., and Shi, H. (2006). 'Orientation calculi and route graphs: towards semantic representations for route descriptions', in M. Raubal, H. J. Miller, A. U. Frank, and M. F. Goodchild (eds.) Proceedings International Conference GIScience 2006, Münster, Germany. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
152. Kronmüller, E. and Barr, D. J. (2007). 'Perspective-free pragmatics: broken precedents and the recovery-from-preemption hypothesis', Journal of Memory and Language 56: 436-55.
153. Kruijff, G.-J. M., Zender, H., Jensfelt, P., and Christensen, H. I. (2007). 'Situated dialogue and spatial organization: what, where ... and why?', International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, Special Issue on Human and Robot Interactive Communication 4(2).
154. Kurtz, V. and Schober, M. F. (2001). 'Readers' varying interpretations of theme in short fiction', Poetics 29: 139-66.
155. Kyriacou T., Bugmann G., and Lauria S. (2005). 'Vision-based urban navigation procedures for verbally instructed robots', Robotics and Autonomous Systems 51: 69-80.
156. Lakoff, G. (1972). 'Hedges: a study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts', Journal of Philosophical Logic 2: 458-508.
157. Landau, B. (1996). 'Multiple geometric representations of objects in languages and language learners', in P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space: Language, Speech and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
158. Landau, B. and Jackendoff, R. (1993). ' "What" and "where" in spatial language and spatial cognition.' Behavioural and Brain Sciences 16: 217-65.
159. Lang, E. (1989). 'The semantics of dimensional designation of spatial objects', in M. Bierwisch and E. Lang (eds.), Dimensional Adjectives:Grammatical Structure and Conceptual Interpretation. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.
160. Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume 1. Stanford, CA: Stanford Press.
161. Lankenau, A. and Röfer, T. (2000). 'The role of shared control in service robots- the Bremen autonomous wheelchair as an example', in T. Röfer, A. Lankenau, and R. Moratz (eds.), Service Robotics-Applications and Safety Issues in an Emerging Market. Workshop Notes. European Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2000 (ECAI 2000).
162. Larsson, S. (2002). 'Issue-based dialogue management', PhD thesis, Göteborg University.
163. Larsson, S. and Traum, D. (2000). 'Information state and dialogue management in the TRINDI dialogue move engine toolkit', in Natural Language Engineering, Special Issue on Best Practice in Spoken Language Dialogue Systems Engineering.
164. Lemon, O., Bracy, A., Gruenstein, A., and Peters, S. (2003). An Information State Approach in a Multi-modal Dialogue System for Human-Robot Conversation, in P. Kuhnlein, H. Reiser, and H. Zeevat (eds.), Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
165. Levelt, W. J. M. (1982). 'Cognitive styles in the use of spatial direction terms', in R. Jarvella and W. Klein (eds.), Speech, Place, and Action. Chichester, UK:Wiley.
166. Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
167. Levinson, S. C. (1996). Frames of reference and Molyneux's question:cross-linguistic evidence', in P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space: Language, Speech and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
168. Levinson, S. C. (2003). Space in Language and Cognition: Explorations in Cognitive Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
169. Ligozat, G. (2000). 'From language to motion, and back: generating and using route descriptions', in D. N. Christodoulakis (ed.), NLP 2000, LNCS 1835 (pp. 328-45). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
170. Loetzsch, M., Risler, M., and Jüngel, M. (2006). 'XABSL-A pragmatic approach to behavior engineering', in Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2006). Beijing.
171. Logan, G. D. (1994). 'Spatial attention and the apprehension of spatial relations', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 20: 1015-36.
172. Logan, G. D. (1995). 'Linguistic and conceptual control of visual spatial attention', Cognitive Psychology 28: 103-74.
173. Logan, G. D. (1996). 'The CODE theory of visual attention: an integration of spacebased and object-based attention', Psychological Review 103: 603-49.
174. Logan, G. D. and Sadler (1996). 'A computational analysis of the apprehension of spatial relations', in P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space: Language, Speech and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
175. Look, G., Kottahachchi, B., Laddaga, R., and Shrobe, H. (2005). 'A location representation for generating descriptive walking directions', in IUI '05:Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces.
176. Mainwaring, S. D., Tversky, B., Ohgishi, M., and Schiano, D. J. (2003). 'Descriptions of simple spatial scenes in English and Japanese', Spatial Cognition and Computation 3(1): 3-42.
177. Maki, R. H., Grandy, C. A., and Hauge, G. (1979). 'Why is telling right from left more difficult than telling above from below?', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5: 52-67.
178. Mangold, R. and Pobel, R. (1988). 'Informativeness and instrumentality in referential communication', Journal of Language and Social Psychology 7(3-4): 181-91.
179. Marr, D. and Nishihara, H. (1978). 'Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes', Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 200: 269-94.
180. McNeill, D. (1992). Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
181. McNeill, D. (2005). Gesture & Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
182. McNeill, D. and Levy, E. (1982). 'Conceptual representations in language activity and gesture', in R. Jarvella and W. Klein (eds.), Speech, Place, and Action (pp. 271-95). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
183. Metzing, C. and Brennan, S. E. (2003). 'When conceptual pacts are broken:partner-specific effects on the comprehension of referring expressions', Journal of Memory and Language 49: 201-13.
184. Michon, P. E. and Denis, M. (2001). 'When and why are visual landmarks used in giving directions?', in D. R. Montello (ed.), Spatial Information Theory:Foundations of Geographic Information Science. COSIT 2001 Morro Bay, CA, USA, 19-23 September, 2001. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
185. Millar, B., Vonwiller, J., Harrington, J., and Dermody, P. (1994). 'The Australian national database of spoken language', Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 94/1: 97-100. Adelaide.
186. Miller, G., and Johnson, P. (1976). Language and Perception. Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press.
187. Miyake, A. (2001). 'Individual differences in WM: introduction to the special section', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130: 163-8.
188. Molder, H. T. and Potter, J. (eds.) (2005). Conversation and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
189. Moratz, R. and Tenbrink, T. (2006). 'Spatial reference in linguistic humanrobot interaction: iterative, empirically supported development of a model of projective relations', Spatial Cognition and Computation 6(1): 63-106.
190. Moratz, R. Tenbrink, T. Bateman, J., and Fischer, K. (2003). 'Spatial knowledge representation for human-robot interaction', in C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, and K. F. Wender (eds). Spatial Cognition III. Berlin: Springer.
191. Mortenson, M. E. (1997). Geometric Modeling. New York: Wiley.
192. Muller, P. and Prévot, L. 'Grounding information in route explanation dialogues'.
193. Novick, L. R. and Morse, D. L. (2000). 'Folding a fish, making a mushroom:the role of diagrams in executing assembly procedures', Memory and Cognition 28: 1242-56.
194. Ochs, E., Schegloff, E. A., and Thompson, S. A. (eds.) (1996). Interaction and Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
195. Olson, D. R. (1970). 'Language and thought: aspects of a cognitive theory of semantics', Psychological Review 77: 257-73.
196. östman, J. O. (1995). 'Recasting the deictic foundation, using physics and Finnish', in M. Shibatani and S. Thompson (eds.), Essays in Semantics and Pragmatics in Honor of Charles J. Fillmore. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
197. Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations. New York: Oxford University Press.
198. Pickering, M. J. and Garrod, S. C. (2004). 'Towards a mechanistic psychology of dialogue', Behavioural and Brain Sciences 27(2): 169-90.
199. Pickering, M. J. and Garrod, S. C. (2006). 'Alignment as the basis for successful communication'. Research on Language and Computation 4: 203-28.
200. Prévot, L. (2004). 'Structures sémantiques et pragmatiques pour la modélisation de la cohérence dans des dialogues nalises', PhD thesis, Université Paul Sabatier.
201. Psathas, G. (1986). 'Some sequential structures in direction-giving', Human Studies 9: 231-46.
202. Psathas, G. (1991). 'The structure of direction-giving in interaction', in D. Boden and D. H. Zimmerman (eds.), Talk and Social Structure: Studies in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
203. Pylyshyn, Z. (2002). 'Mental imagery: in search of a theory', Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(2): 157-237.
204. Regier, T. and Carlson, L. A. (2001). 'Grounding spatial language in perception. An empirical and computational investigation', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130: 273-98.
205. Reips, U.-D. (2002). 'Theory and techniques of Web experimenting', in B. Batinic, U.-D. Reips, and M. Bosnjak (eds.), Online Social Sciences. Seattle:Hogrefe and Huber.
206. Riesbeck, C. K. (1980). 'You can't miss it! Judging clarity of directions', Cognitive Science 4: 285-303.
207. Rimé, B. and Schiaratura, L. (1991). 'Gesture and speech', in R. S. Feldman and B. Rimé (eds.), Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
208. Röfer, T., Brunn, R., Dahm, I., Hebbel, M., Hoffmann, J., Jungel, M., et al. (2004). 'GermanTeam 2004', in Robocup 2004: Robot Soccer World Cup VIII Preproceedings. Lisbon, Portugal: RoboCup Federation. (Extended version (299 pages) at http://www.germanteam.org/GT2004.pdf).
209. Roscoe, A. W. (1998). The Theory and Practice of Concurrency. Prentice-Hall.
210. Ross, R., Bateman, J., and Shi, H. (2005). 'Using generalized dialogue models to constrain information state based dialogue systems', in Proceedings of the Symposium on Dialogue Modelling and Generation. http://lubitsch.lili.unibielefeld. de/DMG/Proceedings/proc.html.
211. Ross, R., Shi, H., Vierhuff, T., Krieg-Brückner, B., and Bateman, J. (2005). 'Towards dialogue- based shared control of navigating robots', in C. Freksa, M. Knauff, B. Krieg-Brückner, B. Nebel, and T. Barkowsky (eds.), Spatial Cognition IV:Reasoning, Action, Interaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
212. Rossari, C., Beaulieu-Masson, A., Cojocariu, C., and Razgouliaeva, A. (2004). Autour des connecteurs. Réflexions sur l'énonciation et la portée, volume 75 of Sciences pour la communication. Bern: Lang.
213. Roulet, E., Auchlin, A., Moeschler, J., Schelling, M., and Rubattel, C. (1985). L'articulation du discours en français contemporain. (Collection Sciences pour la communication). Bern: Lang.
214. Russell, A. W., and Schober, M. F. (1999). 'How beliefs about a partner's goals affect referring in goal-discrepant conversations', Discourse Processes 27(1): 1-33.
215. Safarova, M., Muller, P., and Prévot, L. (2005). 'The discourse function of final rises in French dialogues', in C. Gardent and B. Gaie (eds.), Ninth Workshop On The Semantics And Pragmatics Of Dialogue (SemDial).
216. Schegloff, E. A. (1972). 'Notes on a conversational practice: formulating place', in D. Sudnow (ed.), Studies in Social Interaction. New York: Free Press.
217. Schegloff, E. A. (1991). 'Conversation analysis and socially shared cognition', in L. Resnick, J. Levine, and S. Teasley (eds.), Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition. Washington: APA.
218. Schegloff, E. A. (1992). 'Repair after next turn: the last structurally provided place for the defence of intersubjectivity in conversation', American Journal of Sociology 95: 1295-345.
219. Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
220. Schober, M. F. (1993). Spatial perspective-taking in conversation. Cognition 47(1): 1-24.
221. Schober, M. F. (1995). 'Speakers, addressees, and frames of reference: whose effort is minimized in conversations about location?', Discourse Processes 20(2): 219-47.
222. Schober, M. F. (1998a). 'Different kinds of conversational perspective-taking', in S. R. Fussell and R. J. Kreuz (eds.), Social and Cognitive Psychological Approaches to Interpersonal Communication. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
223. Schober, M. F. (1998b). 'How addressees affect spatial perspective choice in dialogue', in P. L. Olivier and K.-P. Gapp (eds.), Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
224. Schober, M. F. (1998c). 'How partners with high and low spatial ability choose perspectives in conversation', Abstracts of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Dallas, TX.
225. Schober, M. F. (2005). 'Conceptual alignment in conversation', in B. F. Malle and S. D. Hodges (eds.), Other Minds: How Humans Bridge the Divide between Self and Others. New York: Guilford Press.
226. Schober, M. F. (2006). 'Dialogue and interaction', in K. Brown (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd Edition. Oxford: Elsevier.
227. Schober, M. F. #x2018;Spatial dialogue between partners with mismatched abilities'.
228. Schober, M. F. and Bloom, J. E. (2004). 'Discourse cues that respondents have misunderstood survey questions', Discourse Processes 38: 287-308.
229. Schober, M. F. and Brennan, S. E. (2003). 'Processes of interactive spoken discourse:the role of the partner', in A. C. Graesser, M. A. Gernsbacher, and S. R. Goldman (eds.), Handbook of Discourse Processes. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
230. Schober, M. F. and Clark, H. H. (1989). Understanding by addressees and overhearers. Cognitive Psychology, 21: 211-232.
231. Schober, M. F. Conrad, F. G., and Fricker, S. S. (2004). 'Misunderstanding standardized language in research interviews'. Applied Cognitive Psychology 18: 169-88.
232. Schon, D. A. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books.
233. Schoonbaert, S., Hartsuiker, R. J., and Pickering, M. J. (2007). 'The representation of lexical and syntactic information in bilinguals: evidence from syntactic priming', Journal of Memory and Language 56: 153-71.
234. Shatz, M. and Gelman, R. (1973). 'The development of communication skills:modifications in the speech of young children as a function of listener', Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 38(5): 1-38.
235. Shi, H., Mandel, C., and Ross, R. J. (2007). 'Interpreting route instructions as qualitative spatial actions', in T. Barkowsky, M. Knauff, G. Ligozat, and D. Montello (eds.), Spatial Cognition V: Reasoning, Action, Interaction. Berlin:Springer.
236. Shi, H., Ross, R., and Bateman, J. (2005). 'Formalising control in robust spoken dialogue systems', in B. K. Aichernig and B. Beckert (eds.), Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods.
237. Shockley, K., Santana, M. V., and Fowler, C. A. (2003). 'Mutual interpersonal postural constraints are involved in cooperative conversation', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 29: 326-32.
238. Sitter, S. and Stein, A. (1992). 'Modelling the illocutionary aspects of information-seeking dialogues', Information Processing and Management 28:124-35.
239. Skubic, M., Perzanowski, D., Blisard, S., Schultz, A., Adams, W., Bugajska, M., and Brock, D. (2004). 'Spatial language for human-robot dialogs', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C 34(2): 154-67.
240. Slobin, D. I. (1996). 'From "thought and language" to "thinking for speaking"', in S. C. Levinson and J. J. Gumperz. (eds.), Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, No. 17. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
241. Soto, D. and Blanco, M. J. (2004). 'Spatial attention and object-based attention: a comparison within a single task', Vision Research 44(1): 69-81.
242. Sowa, T. (2006a). Understanding Coverbal Iconic Gestures in Shape Descriptions. Berlin: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Aka.
243. Sowa, T. (2006b). 'Towards the integration of shape-related information in 3-D gestures and speech', in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces. New York: ACM Press.
244. Sowa, T. and Wachsmuth, I. (2002). 'Interpretation of shape-related iconic gestures in virtual environments', in I. Wachsmuth and T. Sowa (eds.), Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction. Berlin: Springer.
245. Sowa, T. and Wachsmuth, I. (2003). 'Coverbal iconic gestures for object descriptions in virtual environments: an empirical study', in M. Rector, I. Poggi, and N. Trigo (eds.), Gestures: Meaning and Use. Porto, Portugal:Ediçôes Universidade Fernando Pessoa.
246. Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
247. Spexard, T., Li, S., Wrede, B., Fritsch, J., Sagerer, G., Booij, O., Zivkovic, Z., Terwijn, B., and Kröse, B. (2006). 'BIRON, where are you? Enabling a robot to learn new places in a real home environment by integrating spoken dialog and visual localization', in Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).
248. Steels, L. (1996). 'Perceptually grounded meaning creation', in M. Tokoro (ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems ICMAS '96. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.
249. Steels, L. (2001). 'Language games for autonomous robots', IEEE Intelligent Systems 16(5): 16-22.
250. Steels, L. (2003). 'Evolving grounded communication for robots', Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7(7): 308-12.
251. Steels, L. and Belpaeme, T. (2005). 'Coordinating perceptually grounded categories through language: a case study for colour', Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28(4): 469-89.
252. Steels, L. and Brooks, R. (1994). The Artificial Life Route to Artificial Intelligence. Building Situated Embodied Agents. New Haven: Lawrence Erlbaum.
253. Steels, L. and De Beule, J. (2006). 'Unify and merge in fluid construction grammar', in P. Vogt, Y. Sugita, E. Tuci, and C. Nehaniv (eds.), Symbol Grounding and Beyond: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Emergence and Evolution of Linguistic Communication, EELC 2006, Vol. 4211. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.
254. Steels, L. and M. Loetzsch. 'Perspective alignment in spatial language'.
255. Suwa, M., Tversky, B., Gero, J., and Purcell, T. (2001). 'Seeing into sketches:regrouping parts encourages new interpretations', in J. S. Gero, B. Tversky, and T. Purcell (eds.), Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Design. Sydney, Australia: Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition.
256. Talmy, L. (1983). 'How language structures space', in H. L. Pick and L. P. Acredolo (eds.), Spatial Orientation: Theory, Research, and Application. New York: Plenum Press.
257. Talmy, L. (1996). 'Fictive motion in language and "ception" ', in P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space: Language, Speech and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
258. Talmy, L. (2000). Towa rd sa Cognitive Semantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
259. Taylor, H. A. and Tversky, B. (1992a). 'Spatial mental models derived from survey and route descriptions', Journal of Memory and Language 31: 261-92.
260. Taylor, H. A. and Tversky, B. (1992b). 'Descriptions and depictions of environments', Memory and Cognition 20: 483-96.
261. Taylor, H. A. (1996). Perspective in spatial descriptions. Journal of Memory and Language 35: 371-91.
262. Tenbrink, T. (2005). 'Identifying objects on the basis of spatial contrast: an empirical study', in C. Freksa, M. Knauff, B. Krieg-Brückner, B. Nebel, and T. Barkowsky (eds.), Spatial Cognition IV: Reasoning, Action, Interaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
263. Tenbrink, T. (2006). 'Teaching an autonomous wheelchair where things are', in K. Fischer (ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop on 'How People Talk to Computers, Robots, and Other Artificial Communication Partners', Hansewissenschaftskolleg, Delmenhorst, 21-23 April 2006. SFB/TR8 Report 010-09_2006.
264. Tenbrink, T. (2007). Space, Time, and the Use of Language: an Investigation of Relationships. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
265. Tenbrink, T. and Shi, H. 2007. 'Negotiating spatial goals with a wheelchair', in S. Keizer, H. Bunt, and T. Paek (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue. Antwerp, Belgium, 1-2 September 2007.
266. Testa, L. (2005). 'Referential communication with adults with mental retardation: staff accommodation', Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New School for Social Research.
267. Theune, M., Hofs, D., and van Kessel, M. (2007). 'The virtual guide:a direction-giving embodied conversational agent', in Proceedings of Interspeech 2007: 2197-200.
268. Thibault, P. J. (2006). Brain, Mind and the Signifying Body: an Ecosocial Semiotic Theory. London: Continuum.
269. Tomasello, M. (1995). 'Joint attention as social cognition', in C. Moore and P. J. Dunham (eds.), Joint Attention: its Origins and Role in Development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
270. Tomko, M. and Winter, S. (2006). 'Recursive construction of granular route directions', Journal of Spatial Science 51(1): 101-15.
271. Traum, D. (1994). 'A computational theory of grounding in natural language conversation', PhD thesis, University of Rochester.
272. Traum, D. and Larsson S. (2003). 'The information state approach to dialogue management', in Smith and Kuppevelt (eds.), Current and New Directions in Discourse and Dialogue. Kluwer.
273. Tsal, Y. and Lavie, N. (1988). 'Attending to colour and shape: the special role of location in selective visual processing', Perception and Psychophysics 44:15-21.
274. Tsal, Y. and Lavie, N. (1993). 'Location dominance in attending to colour and shape', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 19:131-9.
275. Tschander, L., Schmidtke, H., Habel, C., Eschenbach, C., and Kulik, L. (2003). 'A geometric agent following route instructions', in C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, and K. F. Wen-der (eds.), Spatial Cognition III: Routes and Navigation, Human Memory and Learning, Spatial Representation and Spatial Learning. Springer.
276. Tulving E. (1972). 'Episodic and semantic memory', in E. Tulving and W. Donaldson (eds.), Organization of Memory. New York: Academic Press.
277. Tversky, B. (1996). 'Spatial perspective in descriptions', in P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, and M. F. Garrett (eds.), Language and Space. Language, Speech and Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
278. Tversky, B. (2001). 'Spatial schemas in depictions', in M. Gattis (ed.), Spatial Schemas and Abstract Thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
279. Tversky, B. (2003). 'Structures of mental spaces-how people think about space', Environment and Behavior 35(1): 66-80.
280. Tversky, B. Agrawala, M., Heiser, J., Lee, P. U., Hanrahan, P., Phan, D., Stolte, C., and Daniel, M.-P. (2007). 'Cognitive design principles for generating visualizations', in G. Allen (ed.), Applied Spatial Cognition: from Research to Cognitive Technology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
281. Tversky, B. Heiser, J., Lozano, S., MacKenzie, R., and Morrison, J. (2007). 'Enriching animations', in R. Lowe and W. Schnotz (eds.), Learning with Animation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
282. Tversky, B. and Lee, P. U. (1998). 'How space structures language', in C. Freksa, C. Habel, and K. F. Wender (eds.), Spatial Cognition: an Interdisciplinary Approach to Representation and Processing of Spatial Knowledge. Berlin:Springer.
283. Tversky, B. and Lee, P. U. (1999). 'Pictorial and verbal tools for conveying routes', in C. Freksa and D. M. Mark (eds.), Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of Geographic Information Science. Berlin:Springer.
284. Tversky, B. Zacks, J. M., and Hard, B. M. (2008). 'The structure of experience', in T. Shipley and J. M. Zacks (eds.), Understanding Events. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
285. Tversky, B. Zacks, J. M., Lee, P. U., and Heiser, J. (2000). 'Lines, blobs, crosses, and arrows:diagrammatic communication with schematic figures', in M. Anderson, P. Cheng, and V. Haarslev (eds.), Theory and Application of Diagrams. Berlin:Springer.
286. Tversky, B. Zacks, J. M., and Martin, B. (2008). The structure of experience. In T. F. Shipley and J. M. Zacks (eds.), Understanding events: From perception to action. (pp. 436-464).
287. Ullmer-Ehrich, V. (1982). 'The structure of living space descriptions', in R. J. Jarvella and W. Klein (eds.), Speech, Place, and Action. Chichester: Wiley.
288. van Berkum, J. J. A., van den Brink, D., Tesink, C., Kos, M., and Hagoort, P. (2008). 'The neural integration of speaker and message', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20(4), 580-91.
289. van der Zee, E. and Slack, J. (eds.) (2003). Representing Direction in Language and Space. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
290. Vorwerg, C. (2001). Raumrelationen in Wahrnehmung und Sprache. Kategorisierungsprozesse bei der Benennung visueller Richtungsrelationen [Spatial relations in perception and language. Categorization processes in referring to visual directional relations]. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag.
291. Vorwerg, C. and Kronhardt, J. (2008). Saliency Impact on Initial Frame-of-reference Selection, and Consistency in Verbal Localization. Manuscript submitted for publication.
292. Vorwerg, C. and Rickheit, G. (1998). 'Typicality effects in the categorization of spatial relations', in C. Freksa, C. Habel, and K. F. Wender (eds.), Spatial Cognition. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge. Berlin: Springer.
293. Vorwerg, C. and Rickheit, G. (1999). 'Richtungsausdrücke und Heckenbildung beim sprachlichen Lokalisieren von Objekten im visuellen Raum [Direction terms and hedges in the verbal localization of objects in visual space]', Linguistische Berichte 178:152-204.
294. Vorwerg, C. and Rickheit, G. (2000). 'Repräsentation und sprachliche Enkodierung räumlicher Relationen [Representation and linguistic encoding of spatial relations]', in C. Habel and C. von Stutterheim (eds.), Räumliche Konzepte und sprachliche Strukturen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
295. Vorwerg, C. and Weiß, P. (2008). How Verb Semantics Affects the Interpretation of Spatial Prepositions. Manuscript submitted for publication.
296. Wagner, S. M., Nusbaum, H., and Goldin-Meadow, S. (2004). 'Probing the mental representation of gesture: is handwaving special?', Journal of Memory and Language 50: 395-407.
297. Wahlster, W. (ed.) (2006). SmartKom: Foundations of Multimodal Dialogue Systems. Berlin: Springer.
298. Walker, M. A. (1992). 'Redundancy in collaborative dialogue', in Proceedings of COLING 92.
299. Watson, M., Pickering, M. J., and Branigan, H. P. (2004). 'Alignment of reference frames in dialogue', in Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
300. Watson, M., Pickering, M. J., and Branigan, H. P. 'Why dialogue methods are important for investigating spatial language'.
301. Weiß, P., Grabowski, J., and Miller, G. A. (1996). 'Factors affecting spatial deictic communication: a comparison of German and American English', in Proceedings of the Second Colloquium on Deixis 'Time, Space and Identity', 28-30 March 1996, Nancy. Nancy: Centre de Recherche en Informatique.
302. Werner, S., Krieg-Brückner, B., and Herrmann, T. (2000). 'Modelling navigational knowledge by route graphs', in C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, and K. F. Wender (eds.), Spatial Cognition II: Integrating Abstract Theories, Empirical Studies, Formal Methods, and Practical Applications. Springer.
303. Wraga, M., Creem, S. H., and Profitt, D. R. (2000). 'Updating displays after imagined object and viewer rotations', Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26: 151-68.
304. Wunderlich, D. (1981). 'Linguistic strategies', in F. Coulmas (ed.), A Festschrift for Native Speaker. The Hague: Mouton.
305. Wunderlich, D. and Herweg, M. (1991). 'Lokale und Direktionale [Locatives and directionals]', in A. von Stechow and D. Wunderlich (eds.), Semantik: Ein internationales Handbuch der zeitgenössischen Forschung. Berlin/New York:de Gruyter.
306. Wyatt, J. (2005). 'Planning clarification questions to resolve ambiguous references to objects', in Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems. IJCAI'05, Edinburgh.
307. Zacks, J. M., Mires, J., Tversky, B., and Hazeltine, E. (2000). 'Mental spatial transformations of objects and perspective', Spatial Cognition and Computation 2: 315-32.
308. Zacks, J. M., Rypma, B., Gabrieli, J., Tversky, B., and Glover, G. H. (1999). 'Imagined transformations of bodies: an fMRI investigation', Neuropsychologia 37(9):1029-40.
309. Zacks, J. M., Tversky, B., and Iyer, G. (2001). 'Perceiving, remembering, and communicating structure in events', Journal of Experimental Psychology:General 136: 29-58.
310. Ziegler, F., Mitchell, P., and Currie, G. (2005). 'How does narrative cue children's perspective taking?', Developmental Psychology 41: 115-23.
311. Zwaan, R. A. and Radvansky, G. A. (1998). 'Situation models in language comprehension and memory', Psychological Bulletin 123: 162-85.