메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 670-682

The neuroscience of prejudice and stereotyping

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; AUTOREGULATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FRONTAL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; INSULA; INTERGROUP BIAS; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROSCIENCE; NONHUMAN; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PREJUDICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL NORM; STEREOTYPING; TEMPORAL LOBE; BRAIN; HISTOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 84908620049     PISSN: 1471003X     EISSN: 14710048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrn3800     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (327)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 0142019084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychology of prejudice: Ingroup love and outgroup hate? J
    • Brewer, M. B. The psychology of prejudice: ingroup love and outgroup hate? J. Soc. Issues 55, 429-444 (1999).
    • (1999) Soc. Issues , vol.55 , pp. 429-444
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 2
    • 0141977288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and gender on the brain: Electrocortical measures of attention to the race and gender of multiply categorizable individuals
    • Ito, T. A. & Urland, G. R. Race and gender on the brain: electrocortical measures of attention to the race and gender of multiply categorizable individuals. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 85, 616-626 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.85 , pp. 616-626
    • Ito, T.A.1    Urland, G.2
  • 3
    • 84871733422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing "us versus them " minimal group effects on the neural encoding of faces
    • Ratner, K. G. & Amodio, D. M. Seeing "us versus them ": minimal group effects on the neural encoding of faces. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 49, 298-301 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 298-301
    • Ratner, K.G.1    Amodio, D.M.2
  • 5
    • 0000138325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4th edn (eds Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T. & Lindzey, G. McGraw Hill
    • Fiske, S. T. in The Handbook of Social Psychology Vol. 2, 4th edn (eds Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T. & Lindzey, G.) 357-411 (McGraw Hill, 1998).
    • (1998) The Handbook of Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 357-411
    • Fiske, S.T.1
  • 6
    • 33750199568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: Evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior
    • Amodio, D. M. & Devine, P. G. Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 91, 652-661 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.91 , pp. 652-661
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Devine, P.2
  • 7
    • 25144451557 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
    • Devine, P. G. Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 56, 5-18 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.56 , pp. 5-18
    • Devine, P.1
  • 8
    • 0029448299 scopus 로고
    • Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?
    • Fazio, R. H., Jackson, J. R., Dunton, B. C. & Williams , C. J. Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: a bona fide pipeline? J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 69, 1013-1027 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.69 , pp. 1013-1027
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Jackson, J.R.2    Dunton, B.C.3    Williams, C.J.4
  • 9
    • 0029202423 scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
    • Greenwald, A. G. & Banaji, M. R. Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychol. Rev. 102, 4-27 (1995).
    • (1995) Psychol. Rev , vol.102 , pp. 4-27
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 10
    • 56549124710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social neuroscience of in tergroup relations
    • Amodio, D. M. The social neuroscience of in tergroup relations. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol. 19, 1-54 (2008).
    • (2008) Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol , vol.19 , pp. 1-54
    • Amodio, D.M.1
  • 11
    • 70449636021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural correlates of race
    • Ito, T. A. & Bartholow, B. D. The neural correlates of race. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 524-531 (2009).
    • (2009) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 524-531
    • Ito, T.A.1    Bartholow, B.D.2
  • 13
    • 78650276529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can neuroscience advance social psychological theory? Social neuroscience for the behavioral social psychologist
    • Amodio, D. M. Can neuroscience advance social psychological theory? Social neuroscience for the behavioral social psychologist. Soc. Cogn. 28, 695-716 (2010).
    • (2010) Soc. Cogn , vol.28 , pp. 695-716
    • Amodio, D.M.1
  • 14
    • 31744432037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data?
    • Poldrack, R. A. Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? Trends Cogn. Sci. 10, 59-63 (2006).
    • (2006) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.10 , pp. 59-63
    • Poldrack, R.A.1
  • 16
    • 19544370504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different emotional reactions to different groups: A sociofunctional threat-based approach to "prejudice"
    • Cottrell, C. A. & Neuberg, S. L. Different emotional reactions to different groups: a sociofunctional threat-based approach to "prejudice".J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 88, 770-789 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.88 , pp. 770-789
    • Cottrell, C.A.1    Neuberg, S.L.2
  • 18
    • 0034076609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion circuits in the brain
    • LeDoux, J. E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 23, 155-184 (2000).
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 155-184
    • Ledoux, J.E.1
  • 19
    • 33751231080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear-potentiated startle
    • Davis, M. Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear-potentiated startle. Am. Psychol. 61, 741-756 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. Psychol , vol.61 , pp. 741-756
    • Davis, M.1
  • 20
    • 0032976615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear
    • Fendt, M. & Fanselow, M. S. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 23, 743-760 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev , vol.23 , pp. 743-760
    • Fendt, M.1    Fanselow, M.S.2
  • 21
    • 0023677407 scopus 로고
    • Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear
    • LeDoux, J. E., Iwata, J., Cicchetti, P. & Reis, D. J. Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. J. Neurosci. 8, 2517-2529 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 2517-2529
    • Ledoux, J.E.1    Iwata, J.2    Cicchetti, P.3    Reis, D.J.4
  • 22
    • 0032984336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amygdala circuitry in attentional and representational processes
    • Holland, P. C. & Gallagher, M. Amygdala circuitry in attentional and representational processes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 3, 65-73 (1999).
    • (1999) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.3 , pp. 65-73
    • Holland, P.C.1    Gallagher, M.2
  • 23
    • 0015691432 scopus 로고
    • Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat
    • Rolls, E. T. & Rolls, B. J. Altered food preferences after lesions in the basolateral region of the amygdala in the rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 83, 248-259 (1973).
    • (1973) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol , vol.83 , pp. 248-259
    • Rolls, E.T.1    Rolls, B.J.2
  • 24
    • 52049107059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear faces, and the human amygdala
    • Adolphs, R. Fear, faces, and the human amygdala. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 18, 166-172 (2008).
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol , vol.18 , pp. 166-172
    • Adolphs, R.1
  • 25
    • 0033814346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation
    • Phelps, E. A. et al. Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation. J. Cogn. Neurosc i. 12, 729-738 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 729-738
    • Phelps, E.A.1
  • 26
    • 0000641003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response in the human amygdala to racial outgroup versus ingroup face stimuli
    • Hart, A. J. et al. Differential response in the human amygdala to racial outgroup versus ingroup face stimuli. Neuroreport 11, 2351-2355 (2000).
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 2351-2355
    • Hart, A.J.1
  • 27
    • 0037997350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in the activation and control of affective race bias as assessed by startle eyeblink responses and self-report
    • Amodio D. M.,Harmon-Jones E.,Devine P. G Individual differences in the activation and control of affective race bias as assessed by startle eyeblink responses and self-report. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 84 738-753 2003).
    • (2003) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.84 , pp. 738-753
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Harmon-Jones, E.2    Devine, P.G.3
  • 28
    • 79957819184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A memory systems model of implicit social cognition
    • Amodio, D. M. & Ratner, K. G. A memory systems model of implicit social cognition. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 20, 143-148 (2011).
    • (2011) Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci , vol.20 , pp. 143-148
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Ratner, K.G.2
  • 29
    • 33746725965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing automatically-Activated racial prejudice through implicit evaluative conditioning
    • Olson, M. A. & Fazio, R. H. Reducing automatically-Activated racial prejudice through implicit evaluative conditioning. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 32, 421-433 (2006).
    • (2006) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull , vol.32 , pp. 421-433
    • Olson, M.A.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 30
    • 34547473607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close distance makes the heart grow fonder: Improving implicit racial attitudes and interracial interactions through approach behaviors
    • Kawakami, K., Phills, C. E., Steele, J. R. & Dovidio, J. F. (Close) distance makes the heart grow fonder: improving implicit racial attitudes and interracial interactions through approach behaviors. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 92, 957-971 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.92 , pp. 957-971
    • Kawakami, K.1    Phills, C.E.2    Steele, J.R.3    Dovidio, J.4
  • 31
    • 84874464447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup anxiety effects on implicit racial evaluation and stereotyping
    • Amodio, D. M. & Hamilton, H. K. Intergroup anxiety effects on implicit racial evaluation and stereotyping. Emotion 12, 1273-1280 (2012).
    • (2012) Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 1273-1280
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Hamilton, H.2
  • 32
    • 84897035607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of neuroimaging studies of race-related prejudice: Does amygdala response reflect threat?
    • Chekroud, A. M., Everett, J. A. C., Bridge, H. & Hewstone, M. A review of neuroimaging studies of race-related prejudice: does amygdala response reflect threat? Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8, 179 (2014).
    • (2014) Front. Hum. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 179
    • Chekroud, A.M.1    Everett, J.A.C.2    Bridge, H.3    Hewstone, M.4
  • 33
    • 34447620347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of skin t one on race-related amygdala activity: An fmri investigation
    • Ronquillo, J. et al. The effects of skin t one on race-related amygdala activity: an fMRI investigation. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2, 39-44 (2007).
    • (2007) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 39-44
    • Ronquillo, J.1
  • 35
    • 74049098653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural origins of superficial and individuated j udgments about ingroup and outgroup members
    • Freeman, J. B., Schiller, D., Rule, N. O. & Ambady, N. The neural origins of superficial and individuated j udgments about ingroup and outgroup members. Hum. Brain Mapp. 31, 150-159 (2010).
    • (2010) Hum. Brain Mapp , vol.31 , pp. 150-159
    • Freeman, J.B.1    Schiller, D.2    Rule, N.3    Ambady, N.4
  • 36
    • 84862837143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative stereotype activation alters interaction between neural cor relates of arousal, inhibition, and cognitive control
    • Forbes, C. E., Cox, C. L., Schmader, T. & Ryan, L. Negative stereotype activation alters interaction between neural cor relates of arousal, inhibition, and cognitive control. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 7, 771-781 (2012).
    • (2012) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 771-781
    • Forbes, C.E.1    Cox, C.2    Schmader, T.3    Ryan, L.4
  • 37
    • 1842821983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separable neural components in the processing of black and white faces
    • Cunningham, W. A. et al. Separable neural components in the processing of black and white faces. Psychol. Sci. 15, 806-813 (2004).
    • (2004) Psychol. Sci , vol.15 , pp. 806-813
    • Cunningham, W.A.1
  • 38
    • 84871796667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amygdala sensitivity to race is not present in childhood but emerges in adolescence
    • Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K., Shapiro, M. & Tottenham, N. L. Amygdala sensitivity to race is not present in childhood but emerges in adolescence. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 25, 234-244 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 234-244
    • Telzer, E.H.1    Humphreys, K.2    Shapiro, M.3    Tottenham, N.L.4
  • 39
    • 84905180605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of childhood experience on amygdala response to perceptually familiar black and white faces
    • Cloutier, J., Li, T. & Correll, J. T he impact of childhood experience on amygdala response to perceptually familiar black and white faces. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 26, 1992-2004 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 1992-2004
    • Cloutier, J.1    Li, T.2    Correll, J.3
  • 40
    • 23044495573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of social group in the persistence of learned fear
    • Olsson, A., Ebert, J. P., Banaji, M. R. & Phelps, E. A. The role of social group in the persistence of learned fear. Science 309, 785-787 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 785-787
    • Olsson, A.1    Ebert, J.P.2    Banaji, M.R.3    Phelps, E.A.4
  • 41
    • 38949218388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The threat of appearing prejudiced and race-based attentional biases
    • Richeson, J. A. & Trawalter, S. The threat of appearing prejudiced and race-based attentional biases. Psychol. Sci. 19, 98-102 (2008).
    • (2008) Psychol. Sci , vol.19 , pp. 98-102
    • Richeson, J.A.1    Trawalter, S.2
  • 42
    • 84891647872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Situation-based social anxiety enhances the neural processing of faces: Evidence from an intergroup context
    • Ofan, R. H., Rubin, N. & Amodio, D. M. Situation-based social anxiety enhances the neural processing of faces: evidence from an intergroup context. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst087 (2013).
    • Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.2013
    • Ofan, R.H.1    Rubin, N.2    Amodio, D.M.3
  • 43
    • 0347876906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice
    • Plant, E. A. & Devine, P. G. Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 75, 811-832 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.75 , pp. 811-832
    • Plant, E.A.1    Devine, P.2
  • 45
    • 22844449236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fmri investigation of race-related amygdala activity in african-American and caucasian-American individuals
    • Lieberman M. D.,Hariri A.,Jarcho J. M.,Eisenberger N. I.,Bookheimer S. Y. An fMRI investigation of race-related amygdala activity in African-American and Caucasian-American individuals Nature Neu rosci. 8 720-722 2005).
    • (2005) Nature Neu Rosci , vol.8 , pp. 720-722
    • Lieberman, M.D.1    Hariri, A.2    Jarcho, J.M.3    Eisenberger, N.I.4    Bookheimer, S.Y.5
  • 46
    • 12944287819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling racial prejudice: Social-cognitive goals affect amygdala and stereotype activation
    • Wheeler, M. E. & Fiske, S. T. Controlling racial prejudice: social-cognitive goals affect amygdala and stereotype activation. Psychol. Sci. 16, 56-63 (2005).
    • (2005) Psychol. Sci , vol.16 , pp. 56-63
    • Wheeler, M.E.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 47
    • 57349189422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural substrates of in-group bias: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation
    • Van Bavel, J. J., Packer, D. J. & Cunningham, W. A. The neural substrates of in-group bias: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Psychol. Sci. 11, 1131-1139 (2008).
    • (2008) Psychol. Sci , vol.11 , pp. 1131-1139
    • Van Bavel, J.J.1    Packer, D.2    Cunningham, W.3
  • 48
    • 0345690180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fmri investigation of the impact of interracial contact on executive function
    • Richeson J. A.,et al. An fMRI investigation of the impact of interracial contact on executive function Nature Neurosci. 6 1323-1328 2003).
    • (2003) Nature Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 1323-1328
    • Richeson, J.A.1
  • 49
    • 84868482765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluative versus trait representation in intergroup social judgments: Distinct roles of anterior temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex
    • Gilbert, S. J., Swencionis, J. K. & Amodio, D. M. Evaluative versus trait representation in intergroup social judgments: distinct roles of anterior temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 50, 3600-3611 (2012).
    • (2012) Neuropsychologia , vol.50 , pp. 3600-3611
    • Gilbert, S.J.1    Swencionis, J.K.2    Amodio, D.3
  • 50
    • 0034938307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential fusiform responses to same-And other-race faces
    • Gol by, A. J., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Chiao, J. Y. & Eberhardt, J. L. Differential fusiform responses to same-And other-race faces. Nature Neurosci. 4, 845-850 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 845-850
    • Golby, A.1    Gabrieli, E.J.D.2    Chiao, J.3    Eberhardt, J.4
  • 51
    • 35148839423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of automatic beliefs about gender and race
    • Knutson, K. M., Mah, L., Manly, C. F. & Grafman, J. Neural correlates of automatic beliefs about gender and race. Hum. Brain Mapp. 28, 915-930 (2007).
    • (2007) Hum. Brain Mapp , vol.28 , pp. 915-930
    • Knutson, K.M.1    Mah, L.2    Manly, C.F.3    Grafman, J.4
  • 52
    • 84873564950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit race bias decreases the similarity of neural representations of black and white faces
    • Brosch, T., Bar-D avid, E. & Phelps, E. A. Implicit race bias decreases the similarity of neural representations of black and white faces. Psychol. Sci. 24, 160-166 (2013).
    • (2013) Psychol. Sci , vol.24 , pp. 160-166
    • Brosch, T.1    Bar-David, E.2    Phelps, E.A.3
  • 53
    • 84861572858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huxtables on the brain: An fmri study of race and norm violation
    • Schreiber, D. & Iacoboni, M. Huxtables on the brain: an fMRI study of race and norm violation. Polit. Psychol. 33, 313-330 (2012).
    • (2012) Polit. Psychol , vol.33 , pp. 313-330
    • Schreiber, D.1    Iacoboni, M.2
  • 54
    • 0032216978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear vigilance, and ambiguity: Initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdal a
    • Whalen, P. J. Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdal a. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 7, 177-188 (1998).
    • (1998) Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci , vol.7 , pp. 177-188
    • Whalen, P.J.1
  • 55
    • 63149093012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear amygdala response to face trustworthiness: Contributions of high and low spatial frequency information
    • Said, C. P., Baron, S. & Todorov, A. Nonlinear amygdala response to face trustworthiness: contributions of high and low spatial frequency information.J. Cogn. Neurosci. 21, 519-528 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 519-528
    • Said, C.P.1    Baron, S.2    Todorov, A.3
  • 56
    • 38949167516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective flexibility: Evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity
    • Cunningham, W. A., Van Bavel, J. J. & Johnsen, I. R. Affective flexibility: evaluative processing goals shape amygdala activity. Psychol. Sci. 19, 152-160 (2008).
    • (2008) Psychol. Sci , vol.19 , pp. 152-160
    • Cunningham, W.A.1    Van Bavel, J.J.2    Johnsen, I.R.3
  • 57
    • 0037210601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intact performance on an indirect measure of race bias following amygdala damage
    • Phelps, E. A., Cannistraci, C. J. & Cunningham, W. A. Intact performance on an indirect measure of race bias following amygdala damage. Neuropsychologia 41, 203-208 (2 003).
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , pp. 203-208
    • Phelps, E.A.1    Cannistraci, C.J.2    Cunningham, W.A.3
  • 58
    • 0034059124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex
    • Bechara, A., Damasio, H. & Damasio, A. R. Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb. Cortex 10, 295-307 (2000).
    • (2000) Cereb. Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 295-307
    • Bechara, A.1    Damasio, H.2    Damasio, A.R.3
  • 59
    • 0035152958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex
    • O'Doherty, J., Kringelb ach, M. L., Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J. & Andrews, C. Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex. Nature Neurosci. 4, 95-102 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 95-102
    • O'Doherty, J.1    Kringelb Ach, M.2    Rolls, E.3    Hornak, J.4    Andrews, C.5
  • 60
    • 79959320863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal cortex and reward-guided learning and decision-making
    • Rushworth, M. F. S. , Noonan, M. P., Boorman, E. D., Walton, M. E. & Behrens, T. E. Frontal cortex and reward-guided learning and decision-making. Neuron 70, 1054-1069 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.70 , pp. 1054-1069
    • Rushworth, M.F.S.1    Noonan, M.2    Boorman, E.3    Walton, M.4    Behrens, T.5
  • 61
    • 0141977290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulatory function of self-conscious emotion: Insights from patients with orbitofrontal damage
    • Beer, J. S., Hee rey, E. H., Keltner, D., Scabini, D. & Knight, R. T. The regulatory function of self-conscious emotion: insights from patients with orbitofrontal damage. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 85, 594-604 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.85 , pp. 594-604
    • Beer, J.S.1    Heerey, E.2    Keltner, D.3    Scabini, D.4    Knight, R.T.5
  • 62
    • 33645280056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeting of minds: The medial frontal cortex and social cognition
    • Amodio, D. M. & Frith, C. D. Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 7, 268-277 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Rev. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 268-277
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Frith, C.D.2
  • 63
    • 0040246220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organization of net works within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans
    • Ongur, D. & Price, J. L. The organization of net works within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans. Cereb. Cortex 10, 206-219 (2000).
    • (2000) Cereb. Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 206-219
    • Ongur, D.1    Price, J.2
  • 64
    • 54449087828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quadruple process model approach to examining the neural underpinning s of prejudice
    • Beer, J. S. et al. The Quadruple Process model approach to examining the neural underpinning s of prejudice. Neuroimage 43, 775-783 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.43 , pp. 775-783
    • Beer, J.S.1
  • 65
    • 0036675597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
    • Craig, A. D. How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 3, 655-666 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Rev. Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 655-666
    • Craig, A.D.1
  • 66
    • 57749198714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do you feel-now? the ant erior insula and human awareness
    • Craig, A. D. How do you feel-now? The ant erior insula and human awareness. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 10, 59-70 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature Rev. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 59-70
    • Craig, A.D.1
  • 67
    • 33750801270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuro-imaging responses to extreme outgroups
    • Harris, L. T. & Fiske, S. T. Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: neuro-imaging responses to extreme outgroups. Psychol. Sci. 17, 847-853 (2006).
    • (2006) Psychol. Sci , vol.17 , pp. 847-853
    • Harris, L.T.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 68
    • 1242352021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain
    • Singer, T. et al. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 303, 1157-1162 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 1157-1162
    • Singer, T.1
  • 69
    • 31444439294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others
    • Singer, T. et al. Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others. Nature 439, 466-469 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature , vol.439 , pp. 466-469
    • Singer, T.1
  • 70
    • 75749147029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do we empathize with someone who is not like us? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Lamm, C., Meltzoff, A. N. & Decety, J. How do we empathize with someone who is not like us? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 362-376 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 362-376
    • Lamm, C.1    Meltzoff, A.N.2    Decety, J.3
  • 71
    • 67649946728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do you feel my pain? Racial group membersh ip modulates empathic neural responses
    • Xu, X., Zuo, X., Wang, X. & Han, S. Do you feel my pain? Racial group membersh ip modulates empathic neural responses. J. Neurosci. 29, 8525-8529 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 8525-8529
    • Xu, X.1    Zuo, X.2    Wang, X.3    Han, S.4
  • 72
    • 80055118426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bounded empathy: Neural responses to outgroup targets' (mis)fortunes
    • Cikara, M. & Fiske, S. T. Bounded empathy: neural responses to outgroup targets' (mis)fortunes. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 23, 3791-3803 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3791-3803
    • Cikara, M.1    Fiske, S.T.2
  • 73
    • 0022930826 scopus 로고
    • Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
    • Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R. & Strick, P. L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 357-381 (1986).
    • (1986) Annu. Rev. Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 357-381
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Delong, M.R.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 74
    • 0035882897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipation of monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens
    • Knutson, B., Adams, C. S., Fong, G. W. & Hommer, D. Anticipation of monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. J. Neurosci. 21, RC159 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. RC159
    • Knutson, B.1    Adams, C.S.2    Fong, G.W.3    Hommer, D.4
  • 75
    • 1942520195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning
    • O'Doherty, J. et al. Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. Science 304, 452-454 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 452-454
    • O'Doherty, J.1
  • 76
    • 84856060936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and reputation : Perceived racial group trustworthiness influences the neural correlates of trust decisions
    • Stanley, D. A. et al. Race and reputation : perceived racial group trustworthiness influences the neural correlates of trust decisions. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 744-753 (2012).
    • (2012) Phil. Trans. R. Soc , vol.B 367 , pp. 744-753
    • Stanley, D.A.1
  • 77
    • 0037069437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct neural systems subserve person and object knowledge
    • Mitchell, J. P., Heatherton, T. F. & Macrae, C. N. Distinct neural systems subserve person and object knowledge. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 15238-15243 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 15238-15243
    • Mitchell, J.P.1    Heatherton, T.F.2    Macrae, C.N.3
  • 78
    • 60849090562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognition and the brain: A meta-Analysis
    • Van Overwalle, F. Social cognition and the brain: a meta-Analysis. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 829-858 (2009).
    • (2009) Hum. Brain Mapp , vol.30 , pp. 829-858
    • Van Overwalle, F.1
  • 79
    • 60849116425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The medial prefrontal cortex mediates social event knowledge
    • Krueger, F., Barbey, A. K. & Grafman, J. The medial prefrontal cortex mediates social event knowledge. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 103-109 (2009).
    • (2009) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 103-109
    • Krueger, F.1    Barbey, A.K.2    Grafman, J.3
  • 80
    • 0033607509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interacting minds-A biological basis
    • Frith, C. D. & Frith, U. Interacting minds-A biological basis. Science 286, 1692-1695 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1692-1695
    • Frith, C.D.1    Frith, U.2
  • 81
  • 82
    • 78650324659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From agents to objects: Sexist attitudes and neural responses to sexualized targets
    • Cikara, M., Eberhardt, J. L. & Fiske, S. T. From agents to objects: sexist attitudes and neural responses to sexualized targets. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 23, 540-551 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 540-551
    • Cikara, M.1    Eberhardt, J.L.2    Fiske, S.T.3
  • 83
    • 0002986755 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn (eds Wyer, R. S. Jr. & Srull, T. K. Erlbaum
    • Hamilton, D. L. & Sherman, J. W. in Handbook of Social Cognition Vol. 2, 2nd edn (eds Wyer, R. S. Jr. & Srull, T. K.) 1-68 (Erlbaum, 1994).
    • (1994) Handbook of Social Cognition , vol.2 , pp. 1-68
    • Hamilton, D.L.1    Sherman, J.W.2
  • 84
    • 84876848829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social cognition and the anterior temporal lobes: A review and theoretical framework
    • Olson, I. R., McCoy, D., Klobusicky, E. & Ross, L. A. Social cognition and the anterior temporal lobes: a review and theoretical framework. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 8, 123-133 (2013).
    • (2013) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 123-133
    • Olson, I.R.1    McCoy, D.2    Klobusicky, E.3    Ross, L.A.4
  • 85
    • 84880554454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and stereotyping: What's the brain got to do with it?
    • Quadflieg, S. & Macrae, C. N. Stereotypes and stereotyping: what's the brain got to do with it? Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol. 22, 215-273 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol , vol.22 , pp. 215-273
    • Quadflieg, S.1    Macrae, C.2
  • 86
    • 0031602724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive neuroscience of human memory
    • Gabrieli , J. D. Cognitive neuroscience of human memory. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 49, 87-115 (1998).
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Psychol , vol.49 , pp. 87-115
    • Gabrieli, J.D.1
  • 87
    • 33847072067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representation of object concepts in the brain
    • Martin, A. The representation of object concepts in the brain. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58, 25-45 (2007).
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Psychol , vol.58 , pp. 25-45
    • Martin, A.1
  • 88
    • 36348949178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where do you know what you know? the representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain
    • Patterson, K., Nestor, P. J. & Rogers, T. T. Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 8, 976-987 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature Rev. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 976-987
    • Patterson, K.1    Nestor, P.J.2    Rogers, T.T.3
  • 89
    • 67650427426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the neural correlates of social stereotyping
    • Quadflieg S.,et al Exploring the neural correlates of social stereotyping. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 21 1560-1570 2009).
    • (2009) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 1560-1570
    • Quadflieg, S.1
  • 90
    • 34447640351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enigmatic tem poral pole: A review of findings on social and emotional processing
    • Olson, I. R., Plotzker, A. & Ezzyat, Y. The enigmatic tem poral pole: a review of findings on social and emotional processing. Brain 130, 1718-1731 (2007).
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 1718-1731
    • Olson, I.R.1    Plotzker, A.2    Ezzyat, Y.3
  • 91
    • 34547511134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social concepts are represented in the superior anterior temporal cortex
    • Zahn, R. et al. Social concepts are represented in the superior anterior temporal cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 6430-6435 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 6430-6435
    • Zahn, R.1
  • 92
    • 84855258725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monkey to human comparative anatomy of the frontal lobe association tracts
    • de Schotten, M. T., Dell'Acqua, F., Valabregue, R. & Catani, M. Monkey to human comparative anatomy of the frontal lobe association tracts. Cortex 48, 82-96 (2012).
    • (2012) Cortex , vol.48 , pp. 82-96
    • De Schotten, M.T.1    Dell'Acqua, F.2    Valabregue, R.3    Catani, M.4
  • 93
    • 84867801758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable neural corr elates of stereotypes and other forms of semantic knowledge
    • Contreras, J. M., Banaji, M. R. & Mitchell, J. P. Dissociable neural corr elates of stereotypes and other forms of semantic knowledge. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 7, 764-770 (2012).
    • (2012) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 764-770
    • Contreras, J.M.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Mitchell, J.P.3
  • 94
    • 79952580806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive bra in stimulation reduces prejudice scores on an implicit association test
    • Gallate, J., Wong, C., Ellwood, S., Chi, R. & Snyder, A. Noninvasive bra in stimulation reduces prejudice scores on an implicit association test. Neuropsychology 25, 185-192 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuropsychology , vol.25 , pp. 185-192
    • Gallate, J.1    Wong, C.2    Ellwood, S.3    Chi, R.4    Snyder, A.5
  • 95
    • 67349203715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions in humans elimin ate implicit gender stereotyping
    • Milne, E. & Grafman, J. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions in humans elimin ate implicit gender stereotyping. J. Neurosci. 21, 1-6 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 1-6
    • Milne, E.1    Grafman, J.2
  • 96
    • 33646436961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable medial prefrontal contributions to judgments of similar and dissimila r others
    • Mitchell, J. P., Macrae, C. N. & Banaji, M. R. Dissociable medial prefrontal contributions to judgments of similar and dissimila r others. Neuron 50, 655-663 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.50 , pp. 655-663
    • Mitchell, J.P.1    Macrae, C.N.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 97
    • 79958749311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype-based modulation of person perception
    • Quadflieg, S. et al. Stereotype-based modulation of person perception. Neuroimage 57, 549-557 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.57 , pp. 549-557
    • Quadflieg, S.1
  • 98
    • 84933674181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying temporal and causal contributions of neural processes underlying the implicit association test. (iat
    • Forb es, C. E. et al. Identifying temporal and causal contributions of neural processes underlying the Implicit Association Test. (IAT). Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6, 320 (2012).
    • (2012) Front. Hum. Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 320
    • Forbes, C.E.1
  • 99
    • 66149189196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social psychology as a natural kind
    • Mitchell, J. P. Social psychology as a natural kind. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 246-251 (2009).
    • (2009) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 246-251
    • Mitchell, J.P.1
  • 100
    • 34548630164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct regions of medial rostral prefrontal cortex supporting social and nonsocial functions
    • Gilbert, S. J. et al. Distinct regions of medial rostral prefrontal cortex supporting social and nonsocial functions. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2, 217-226 (2007).
    • (2007) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 217-226
    • Gilbert, S.J.1
  • 101
    • 84896736043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the mentalizing network in social and non-social high construal
    • Baetens, K., Ma, N., Steen, J. & van Overwalle, F. Involvement of the mentalizing network in social and non-social high construal. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 9, 817-824 (2014).
    • (2014) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 817-824
    • Baetens, K.1    Ma, N.2    Steen, J.3    Van Overwalle, F.4
  • 102
    • 33645771479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniquely human social cognition
    • Saxe, R. Uniquely human social cognition. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16, 235-239 (2006).
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol , vol.16 , pp. 235-239
    • Saxe, R.1
  • 103
    • 55049090666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit process es in social cognition
    • Frith, C. D. & Frith, U. Implicit and explicit process es in social cognition. Neuron 60, 503-510 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.60 , pp. 503-510
    • Frith, C.D.1    Frith, U.2
  • 104
    • 33947590502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The self and social cognition: The role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons
    • Uddin, L. Q., Iacoboni, M., Lange, C. & Keenan, J. P. The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 153-157 (2007).
    • (2007) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.11 , pp. 153-157
    • Uddin, L.Q.1    Iacoboni, M.2    Lange, C.3    Keenan, J.P.4
  • 105
    • 0030098117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional mapping of human memory using pet: Comparisons of conceptual and perceptual tasks
    • Blaxton, T. A. et al. Functional mapping of human memory using PET: comparisons of conceptual and perceptual tasks. Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 50, 42-56 (1996).
    • (1996) Can. J. Exp. Psychol , vol.50 , pp. 42-56
    • Blaxton, T.A.1
  • 106
  • 107
    • 0029047560 scopus 로고
    • Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: A functional mri study of task difficulty and process specificity
    • Demb, J. B. et al. Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: a functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity. J. Neurosci. 15, 5870-5878 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 5870-5878
    • Demb, J.B.1
  • 108
    • 0037210485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging studies of semantic memory: Inferring "how " from "where
    • Thompson-Schill S. L. Neuroimaging studies of semantic memory: inferring "how " from "where". Neuropsychologia 41 280-292 2003).
    • (2003) Neuropsychologia , vol.41 , pp. 280-292
    • Thompson-Schill, S.L.1
  • 109
    • 0037194557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prefrontal cortex: Categories, concepts and cognition
    • Miller, E. K., Freedman, D. J. & Wallis, J. D. The prefrontal cortex: categories, concepts and cognition. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 357, 1123-1136 (2002).
    • (2002) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond , vol.B 357 , pp. 1123-1136
    • Miller, E.K.1    Freedman, D.J.2    Wallis, J.D.3
  • 110
    • 34547670815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the dorsal stria tum in reward and decision-making
    • Balleine, B. W., Delgado, M. R. & Hikosaka, O. The role of the dorsal stria tum in reward and decision-making. J. Neurosci. 27, 8161-8165 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 8161-8165
    • Balleine, B.W.1    Delgado, M.R.2    Hikosaka, O.3
  • 112
    • 1842524325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex
    • Aron, A. R., Robbins, T. W. & Poldrack, R. A. Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 170-177 (2004).
    • (2004) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.8 , pp. 170-177
    • Aron, A.R.1    Robbins, T.W.2    Poldrack, R.3
  • 114
    • 2542643132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice from thin air: The effect of emotion on automatic intergroup attitudes
    • DeSteno, D., Dasgupta, N., Bartlett, M. Y. & Cajdric, A. Prejudice from thin air: the effect of emotion on automatic intergroup attitudes. Psychol. Sci. 15, 319-324 (2004).
    • (2004) Psychol. Sci , vol.15 , pp. 319-324
    • Desteno, D.1    Dasgupta, N.2    Bartlett, M.3    Cajdric, A.4
  • 115
    • 84867708970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organization of the human striatum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
    • Choi, E. Y., Yeo, B. T. & Buckner, R. L. The organization of the human striatum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J. Neurophysiol. 108, 2242-2263 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Neurophysiol , vol.108 , pp. 2242-2263
    • Choi, E.Y.1    Yeo, B.T.2    Buckner, R.3
  • 116
    • 0034212432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
    • Bush, G., Luu, P. & Posn er, M. L. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn. Sci. 4, 215-222 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.4 , pp. 215-222
    • Bush, G.1    Luu, P.2    Posner, M.3
  • 117
    • 58549116709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict-induced behavioral adjustment : A clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex
    • Mansouri, F. A., Tanaka, K. & Buckley, M. J. Conflict-induced behavioral adjustment : a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 10, 141-152 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature Rev. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 141-152
    • Mansouri, F.A.1    Tanaka, K.2    Buckley, M.J.3
  • 119
    • 0033547441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-Action i n anterior cingulate cortex
    • Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L., Fissell, K., Carter, C. & Cohen, J. Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-Action i n anterior cingulate cortex. Nature 402, 179-181 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 179-181
    • Botvinick, M.1    Nystrom, L.2    Fissell, K.3    Carter, C.4    Cohen, J.5
  • 121
    • 79951924688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex
    • Shackman, A. J. et al. The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 12, 154-167 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Rev. Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 154-167
    • Shackman, A.J.1
  • 122
    • 84921259385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Hassin, R. R., Ochsner, K. N. & Trope, Y.). (Oxford Univ. Press
    • Amodio, D. M. & Devine, P. G. in Self Control in Society, Mind and Brain (eds Hassin, R. R., Ochsner, K. N. & Trope, Y.). 49-75 (Oxford Univ. Press, 2010).
    • (2010) Self Control in Society Mind and Brain , pp. 49-75
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Devine, P.G.2
  • 123
    • 1642322763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural signals for the detection of unintentional race bias
    • Amodio D. M.,et al Neural signals for the detection of unintentional race bias. Psychol. Sci. 15 88-93 2004).
    • (2004) Psychol. Sci , vol.15 , pp. 88-93
    • Amodio, D.M.1
  • 124
    • 33750161272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial responses according to internal versus external cues
    • Amodio, D. M., Kubota, J. T., Harmon-Jones, E. & Devine, P. G. Alternative mechanisms for regulating racial responses according to internal versus external cues. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 1, 26-36 (2006).
    • (2006) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 26-36
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Kubota, J.T.2    Harmon-Jones, E.3    Devine, P.G.4
  • 125
    • 38649143182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in the regulation of intergroup bias: The role of conflict monitoring and neural signals for control
    • Amodio, D. M., Devine, P. G. & Harmon-Jones, E. Individual differences in the regulation of intergroup bias: the role of conflict monitoring and neural signals for control. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 94, 60-74 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.94 , pp. 60-74
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Devine, P.G.2    Harmon-Jones, E.3
  • 126
    • 33644881913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype activation and control of race bias: Cognitive control of inhibition and its impairment by alcohol
    • Bartholow, B. D., Dickter, C. L. & Sestir, M. A. Stereotype activation and control of race bias: cognitive control of inhibition and its impairment by alcohol. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 90, 272-287 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.90 , pp. 272-287
    • Bartholow, B.D.1    Dickter, C.L.2    Sestir, M.A.3
  • 127
    • 31644436224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related potentials and the decision to shoot: The role of threat perception and cognitive control
    • Correll, J., Urland, G. R. & Ito, T. A. Event-related potentials and the decision to shoot: the role of threat perception and cognitive control. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 42, 120-128 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol , vol.42 , pp. 120-128
    • Correll, J.1    Urland, G.R.2    Ito, T.A.3
  • 128
    • 80052861427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for successful control of implicit racial bias: The roles of association activation, response monitoring, and overcoming bias
    • Gonsalkorale, K., Sherman, J. W., A llen, T. J., Klauer, K. C. & Amodio, D. M. Accounting for successful control of implicit racial bias: the roles of association activation, response monitoring, and overcoming bias. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 37, 1534-1545 (2011).
    • (2011) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull , vol.37 , pp. 1534-1545
    • Gonsalkorale, K.1    Sherman, J.W.2    Allen, T.3    Klauer, K.4    Amodio, D.M.5
  • 129
    • 84893792782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of experienced moral emotion: An fmri investigation of emotion in response to prejudice f eedback
    • Fourie, M. M., Thomas, K. G. F., Amodio, D. M., Warton, C. M. R. & Meintjes, E. M. Neural correlates of experienced moral emotion: an fMRI investigation of emotion in response to prejudice f eedback. Soc. Neurosci. 9, 203-218 (2014).
    • (2014) Soc. Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 203-218
    • Fourie, M.M.1    Thomas, K.G.F.2    Amodio, D.M.3    Warton, C.M.R.4    Meintjes, E.M.5
  • 130
    • 84893354255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral concerns increase attention and response monitoring during iat performance: Erp evidence
    • Van Nunspeet, F., Ellemers, N., Derks, B. & Nieuwenhuis, S. Moral concerns increase attention and response monitoring during IAT performance: ERP evidence. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 9, 141-149 (2014).
    • (2014) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 141-149
    • Van Nunspeet, F.1    Ellemers, N.2    Derks, B.3    Nieuwenhuis, S.4
  • 131
    • 0034973745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prefrontal cortex-An update: Time is of the essence
    • Fuster, J. M. The prefrontal cortex-An update: time is of the essence. Neuron 2, 319-333 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.2 , pp. 319-333
    • Fuster, J.M.1
  • 132
    • 69249240301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?
    • Badre, D. & D'Esposito, M. Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical? Nature Rev. Neurosci. 10, 659-669 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature Rev Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 659-669
    • Badre, D.1    D'Esposito, M.2
  • 133
    • 0242497620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex
    • Koechlin, E., Ody, C. & Kouneiher, F. T he architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Science 302, 1181-1185 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1181-1185
    • Koechlin, E.1    Ody, C.2    Kouneiher, F.3
  • 134
    • 34249053864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control
    • Aron, A. R. The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control. Neuroscientist 13, 2 14-228 (2007).
    • (2007) Neuroscientist , vol.13 , pp. 214-228
    • Aron, A.R.1
  • 135
    • 33947172809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala
    • Ghashghaei, H. T., Hilgetag, C. C. & Barbas, H. Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Neuroimage 34, 905-923 (2007) .
    • (2007) Neuroimage , vol.34 , pp. 905-923
    • Ghashghaei, H.T.1    Hilgetag, C.C.2    Barbas, H.3
  • 136
    • 78049445922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated roles of motivation and perception in the regulation of intergroup responses: Frontal cortical asymmetry effects on the p2 event-related potential and behavior
    • Amodio, D. M. Coordinated roles of motivation and perception in the regulation of intergroup responses: frontal cortical asymmetry effects on the P2 event-related potential and behavior. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 26 09-2617 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 2609-2617
    • Amodio, D.M.1
  • 137
    • 34250330781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamic model of guilt: Implications for motivation and self-regulation in the context of prejudice
    • Amodio, D. M., Devine, P. G. & Harmon-Jones, E. A dynamic model of guilt: implications for motivation and self-regulation in the context of prejudice. Psychol. Sci. 18, 5 24-530 (2007).
    • (2007) Psychol. Sci , vol.18 , pp. 524-530
    • Amodio, D.M.1    Devine, P.G.2    Harmon-Jones, E.3
  • 138
    • 65649150041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable effects of prefrontal and anterior temporal cortical lesions on stereotypical gender attitudes
    • Gozzi, M., Raymont, V., Solomon, J., Koenigs, M. & Grafman, J. Dissociable effects of prefrontal and anterior temporal cortical lesions on stereotypical gender attitudes. Neuropsy chologia 47, 2125-2132 (2009).
    • (2009) Neuropsy Chologia , vol.47 , pp. 2125-2132
    • Gozzi, M.1    Raymont, V.2    Solomon, J.3    Koenigs, M.4    Grafman, J.5
  • 139
    • 0037038369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction
    • Milad, M. R. & Quirk, G. J. Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction. Nature 420, 70-74 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 70-74
    • Milad, M.R.1    Quirk, G.J.2
  • 140
    • 77954557633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirical case for two systems of reasoning
    • Sloman, S. A. The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychol. Bull. 119, 3-22 (1996).
    • (1996) Psychol. Bull , vol.119 , pp. 3-22
    • Sloman, S.A.1
  • 141
    • 0034185662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training on the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation
    • Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J. F., Moll, J., Hermsen, S. & Russin, A. Just say no (to stereotyping): effects of training on the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 78, 871-888 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.78 , pp. 871-888
    • Kawakami, K.1    Dovidio, J.F.2    Moll, J.3    Hermsen, S.4    Russin, A.5
  • 142
    • 70350337970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal instruction abolishes fear conditioned to racial out-group faces
    • Mallan, K. M., Sax, J. & Lipp, O. V. Verbal instruction abolishes fear conditioned to racial out-group faces. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45, 1303-1307 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol , vol.45 , pp. 1303-1307
    • Mallan, K.M.1    Sax, J.2    Lipp, O.V.3
  • 143
    • 0001353040 scopus 로고
    • Conditioning remembering, and forgetting
    • Bouton, M. E. Conditioning, remembering, and forgetting. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. B 20, 219-231 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Exp. Psychol. Anim , vol.B 20 , pp. 219-231
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 144
    • 85047674408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of explicit and implicit racial bias: The role of motivations to respond without prejudice
    • Devine, P. G., Plant, E. A., Amodio, D. M., Harmon-Jones, E. & Vance, S. L. The regulation of explicit and implicit racial bias: the role of motivations to respond without prejudice. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 82, 835-848 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.82 , pp. 835-848
    • Devine, P.G.1    Plant, E.A.2    Amodio, D.M.3    Harmon-Jones, E.4    Vance, S.L.5
  • 145
    • 84897476431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The control-freak mind: Stereotypical biases are eliminated following conflict-Activated cognitive control
    • Kleiman, T., Hassin, R. R. & Tro pe, Y. The control-freak mind: stereotypical biases are eliminated following conflict-Activated cognitive control. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 143, 498-503 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Exp. Psychol. Gen , vol.143 , pp. 498-503
    • Kleiman, T.1    Hassin, R.R.2    Trope, Y.3
  • 146
    • 85047673460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting the brakes on prejudice: On the development and operation of cues for control
    • Monteith, M. J., Ashburn-Nardo, L., Voils, C. I. & Czopp, A. M. Putting the brakes on prejudice: on the development and operation of cues for control. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 83, 1029-1050 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.83 , pp. 1029-1050
    • Monteith, M.J.1    Ashburn-Nardo, L.2    Voils, C.3    Czopp, A.M.4
  • 147
    • 77950304958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the expression of implicit stereotypes: Reflexive control through implementation intentions
    • Mendoza, S. A., Gollwitzer, P. M. & Amodio, D. M. Reducing the expression of implicit stereotypes: reflexive control through implementation intentions. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 36, 512-523 (2010).
    • (2010) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull , vol.36 , pp. 512-523
    • Mendoza, S.A.1    Gollwitzer, P.M.2    Amodio, D.M.3
  • 148
    • 31044440796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top-down facilitation of visual recognition
    • Bar, M. et al. Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 449-454 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 449-454
    • Bar, M.1
  • 149
    • 80053487333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the fusiform face area following minimal exposure to motivationally relevant faces: Evidence of in-group enhancement (not out-group disregard
    • Van Bavel, J. J., Packer, D. J. & Cunningham, W. A. Modulation of the fusiform face area following minimal exposure to motivationally relevant faces: evidence of in-group enhancement (not out-group disregard). J. Cogn. Neurosci. 23, 3343-3354 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3343-3354
    • Van Bavel, J.J.1    Packer, D.J.2    Cunningham, W.A.3
  • 150
    • 84900839250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualizing minimal ingroup and outgroup faces: Implications for impressions, attitudes, and behavior
    • Ratner, K. G., Dotsch, R., Wigboldus, D., van Knippenberg, A. & Amodio, D. M. Visualizing minimal ingroup and outgroup faces: implications for impressions, attitudes, and behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 106, 897-911 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.106 , pp. 897-911
    • Ratner, K.G.1    Dotsch, R.2    Wigboldus, D.3    Van Knippenberg, A.4    Amodio, D.M.5
  • 151
    • 84903440297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic scarcity alters the perception of race
    • Krosch, A. K. & Amodio, D. M. Economic scarcity alters the perception of race. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 9079-9084 (2014).
    • (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.111 , pp. 9079-9084
    • Krosch, A.K.1    Amodio, D.M.2
  • 152
    • 84860388980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing race: N170 responses to race and their relation to automatic racial attitudes and controlled processing
    • Ofan, R. H., Rubin, N. & Amodio, D. M. Seeing race: N170 responses to race and their relation to automatic racial attitudes and controlled processing. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 23, 3152-3161 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3152-3161
    • Ofan, R.H.1    Rubin, N.2    Amodio, D.M.3
  • 153
    • 79954836144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of skin color and facial structure in perceiving and remembering othe rs: An electro-physiological study
    • Brebner, J. L., Krigolson, O., Handy, T. C., Quadflieg, S. & Turk, D. J. The importance of skin color and facial structure in perceiving and remembering othe rs: an electro-physiological study. Brain Res. 1388, 123-133 (2011).
    • (2011) Brain Res , vol.1388 , pp. 123-133
    • Brebner, J.L.1    Krigolson, O.2    Handy, T.C.3    Quadflieg, S.4    Turk, D.J.5
  • 154
    • 1842556671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related potentials and time course of the ' other-race' face classification advantage
    • Caldara, R., Rossion, B., Bovet, P. & Hauert, C. A. Event-related potentials and time course of the ' other-race' face classification advantage. Neuroreport 15, 905-910 (2004).
    • (2004) Neuroreport , vol.15 , pp. 905-910
    • Caldara, R.1    Rossion, B.2    Bovet, P.3    Hauert, C.A.4
  • 155
    • 0038025944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Face versus non-face object perception and the ' other-race' effect: A spatiotemporal event-related potential study
    • Caldara, R. et al. Face versus non-face object perception and the ' other-race' effect: a spatiotemporal event-related potential study. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114, 515-528 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.114 , pp. 515-528
    • Caldara, R.1
  • 156
    • 21244436848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of processing objectives on the perception of faces: An erp study of race and gender perception
    • Ito, T. A. & Urland, G. R. The influence of processing objectives on the perception of faces: an ERP study of race and gender perception. Cogn. Affect. Beh av. Neurosci. 5, 21-36 (2005).
    • (2005) Cogn. Affect. Beh Av. Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 21-36
    • Ito, T.A.1    Urland, G.R.2
  • 158
    • 67349215654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Configural processing of other-race faces is delayed but not decreased
    • Wiese, H., Stahl, J. & Schweinberger, S. R. Configural processing of other-race faces is delayed but not decreased. Biol. Psychol. 81, 103-109 (2009).
    • (2009) Biol. Psychol , vol.81 , pp. 103-109
    • Wiese, H.1    Stahl, J.2    Schweinberger, S.R.3
  • 159
    • 84881141597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivoxel patterns in fusiform face area differentiate faces by sex and race
    • Contreras, J. M., Banaji, M. R. & Mitchell, J. P. Multivoxel patterns in fusiform face area differentiate faces by sex and race. PLoS ONE 8, e69684 (2013).
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , pp. e69684
    • Contreras, J.M.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Mitchell, J.P.3
  • 160
    • 84885781156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is race erased? Decoding race from patterns of neural activity when skin color is not diagnostic of group boundaries
    • Ratner, K. G., Kaul, C. & Van Bavel, J. J. Is race erased? Decoding race from patterns of neural activity when skin color is not diagnostic of group boundaries. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 8, 750-755 (2013).
    • (2013) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 750-755
    • Ratner, K.G.1    Kaul, C.2    Van Bavel, J.J.3
  • 161
    • 67349131433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and using the implicit association test: Iii. Meta-Analysis of predictive validity
    • Greenwald , A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. & Banaji, M. R. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. meta-Analysis of predictive validity. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 97, 17-41 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.97 , pp. 17-41
    • Greenwald, A.1    Poehlman, T.2    Uhlmann, E.3    Banaji, M.4
  • 162
    • 84863776959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon
    • Payne, B. K. Prejudice and perception: the role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 81, 181-192 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.81 , pp. 181-192
    • Payne, B.1
  • 163
    • 0032084985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test
    • Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E. & Schwartz, J. K. L. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the Implicit Association Test. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 74, 1464-1480 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol , vol.74 , pp. 1464-1480
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    McGhee, D.E.2    Schwartz, J.K.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.