Newcomers as change agents: Minority influence in task groups

Minority Influence and Innovation: Antecedents, Processes and Consequences

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 229-262

  Levine, John M ^a   Choi, Hoon Seok ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b Sungkyunkwan University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904954721     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203865552     Document Type: Chapter

References (150)

1. Abrams, D., Wetherell, M., Cochrane, S., Hogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1990). Knowing what to think by knowing who you are-Self-categorization and the nature of norm formation, conformity and group polarization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 97-119.
2. Agrell, A., & Gustafson, R. (1996). Innovation and creativity in work groups. In M. A. West (Ed.), Handbook of work group psychology (pp. 317-343). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
3. Allen, V. L. (1965). Situational factors in conformity. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 133-175). New York: Academic Press.
4. Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of organizational innovation. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 10, pp. 123-167). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
5. Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. F. (1998). Rethinking team composition from the outside in. In M. A. Neale, E. A. Mannix, & D. H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Composition (pp. 21-37). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
6. Anderson, N. R., & West, M. A. (1998). Measuring climate for work group innovation: Development and validation of the team climate inventory. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 235-258.
7. Arrow, H. (1998). Standing out and fitting in: Composition effects on newcomer socialization. In M. A. Neale, E. Mannix, & D. H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Composition (pp. 59-80). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
8. Arrow, H., & McGrath, J. E. (1995). Membership dynamics in groups at work: A theoretical framework. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 17, pp. 373-411). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
9. Arrow, H., McGrath, J. E., & Berdahl, J. L. (2000). Small groups as complex systems: Formation, coordination, development, and adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
11. Barker, R. G. (1968). Ecological psychology. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
12. Bauer, T. N., Morrison, E. W., & Callister, R. R. (1998). Organizational socialization: A review and directions for future research. In G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 16, pp. 149-214). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
13. Bazerman, M. H., Giuliano, T., & Appelman, A. (1984). Escalation of commitment in individual and group decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 141-152.
14. Bernstein, I. S., Gordon, T. P., & Rose, R. M. (1974). Factors influencing the expression of aggression during introductions to rhesus monkey groups. In R. L. Holloway (Ed.), Primate aggression, territoriality, and xenophobia: A comparative perspective (pp. 211-240). New York: Academic Press.
15. Brawley, L. R., Carron, A. V., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1988). Exploring the relationship between cohesion and group resistance to disruption. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23, 199-213.
16. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 554-594). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
17. Burpitt, W. J., & Bigoness, W. J. (1997). Leadership and innovation among teams: The impact of empowerment. Small Group Research, 23, 414-423.
18. Caro, R. A. (2002). The years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate. New York: Knopf.
19. Choi, H.-S., & Levine, J. M. (2004). Minority influence in work teams: The impact of newcomers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 273-280.
20. Choi, H.-S., & Thompson, L. (2005). Old wine in a new bottle: Impact of membership change on group creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 121-132.
21. Cini, M., Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1993). Group staffing levels and responses to prospective and new members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 723-734.
22. Coser, L. A. (1962). Some functions of deviant behavior and normative flexibility. American Journal of Sociology, 23, 172-181.
23. Crano, W. D. (2001). Social influence, social identity, and ingroup leniency. In C. K. W. De Dreu & N. K. De Vries (Eds.), Group consensus and minority influence: Implications for innovation (pp. 122-143). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
24. David, B., & Turner, J. C. (1996). Studies in self-categorization and minority conversion: Is being a member of the out-group an advantage? British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 179-199.
25. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt.
26. Edmondson, A. C. (2003). Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies, 23, 1419-1452.
27. Edmondson, A. C., & Mogelof, J. P. (2006). Explaining psychological safety in innovation teams: Organizational culture, team dynamics, or personality? In L. L. Thompson & H. S. Choi (Eds.), Creativity and innovation in organizational teams (pp. 109-136). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
28. Feldman, D. C. (1994). Who's socializing whom? The impact of socializing newcomers on insiders, work groups, and organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 23, 213-233.
29. Festinger, L., Schachter, S., & Back, K. (1950). Social pressures in informal groups. New York: Harper.
30. Ford, C. M. (1996). A theory of individual creative action in multiple social domains. Academy of Management Review, 23, 1112-1142.
31. Ford, C. M., & Sullivan, D. M. (2004). A time for everything: How the timing of novel contributions influences project team outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 279-292.
32. Fussell, P. (2003). The boys' crusade: The American infantry in northwestern Europe, 1944-1945. New York: Modern Library/Random House.
33. Gersick, C. J. (1988). Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 9-41.
34. Gersick, C. J., & Hackman, J. R. (1990). Habitual routines in task-performing groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 65-97.
35. Gigone, D., & Hastie, R. (1993). The common knowledge effect: Information sampling and group judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 959-974.
36. Griffin, A. E. C., Colella, A., & Goparaju, S. (2000). Newcomer and organizational socialization tactics: An interactionist perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 23, 453-474.
37. Gruenfeld, D., Martorana, P. V., & Fan, E. T. (2000). What do groups learn from their worldliest members? Direct and indirect influence in dynamic teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 45-59.
38. Guerin, B., & Innes, J. M. (1989). Cognitive tuning sets: Anticipating the consequences of communication. Current Psychology: Research and Review, 23, 234-249.
39. Higgins, E. T. (1992). Achieving 'shared reality' in the communication game: A social action that creates meaning. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 23, 107-125.
40. Hollander, E. P. (1960). Competence and conformity in the acceptance of influence. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 23, 365-359.
41. Homans, G. C. (1974). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. New York: Harcourt.
42. Insko, C. A., Thibaut, J. W., Moehle, D., Wilson, M., Diamond, W. D., Gilmore, R., et al. (1980). Social evolution and the emergence of leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 431-448.
43. Jackson, S. E., Stone, V. K., & Alvarez, E. B. (1992). Socialization amidst diversity: The impact of demographics on work team oldtimers and newcomers. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 15, pp. 45-109). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
44. Janis, I. L. (1982). Groupthink (2nd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
45. Janssen, O., van de Vliert, E., & West, M. (2004). The bright and dark side of individual and group innovation: A special issue introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 129-154.
46. Jentsch, F., & Smith-Jentsch, K. A. (2001). Assertiveness and team performance: More than 'just say no'. In E. Salas, C. A. Bowers, & E. Edens (Eds.), Improving teamwork in organizations: Applications of resource management training (pp. 73-94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
47. Jones, G. (1986). Socialization tactics, self-efficacy, and newcomers' adjustments to organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 262-279.
48. Kameda, T., & Sugimori, S. (1993). Psychological entrapment in group decision making: An assigned decision rule and a groupthink phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 282-292.
49. Kane, A. A., Argote, L., & Levine, J. M. (2005). Knowledge transfer between groups via personnel rotation: Effects of social identity and knowledge quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 56-71.
50. Kenney, R. A., Blascovich, J., & Shaver, P. (1994). Implicit leadership theories: Prototypes for new leaders. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 409-437.
51. Kiesler, C. A. (1971). The psychology of commitment: Experiments linking behavior to belief. New York: Academic Press.
52. King, N., & Anderson, N. (1995). Innovation and change in organizations. London: Routledge.
53. Kirton, M. J. (1976). Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23, 622-629.
54. Lau, D. C., & Murnighan, J. K. (1998). Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 23, 325-340.
55. Levine, J. M., & Choi, H.-S. (2004). Impact of personnel turnover on team performance and cognition. In E. Salas & S. M. Fiore (Eds.), Team cognition: Understanding the factors that drive process and performance (pp. 153-176). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
56. Levine, J. M., Choi, H.-S., & Moreland, R. L. (2003). Newcomer innovation in work teams. In P. B. Paulus & B. A. Nijstad (Eds.), Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration (pp. 202-224). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
57. Levine, J. M., & Kaarbo, J. (2001). Minority influence in political decision-making groups. In C. K. W. De Dreu & N. K. De Vries (Eds.), Group consensus and minority influence: Implications for innovation (pp. 229-257). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
58. Levine, J. M., & Kerr, N. L. (2007). Inclusion and exclusion: Implications for group processes. In A. E. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 759-784). New York: Guilford Press.
59. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1985). Innovation and socialization in small groups. In S. Moscovici, G. Mugny, & E. Van Avermaet (Eds.), Perspectives on minority influence (pp. 143-169). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
60. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1991). Culture and socialization in work groups. In L. Resnick, J. Levine, & S. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 257-279).Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
61. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1998). Small groups. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 415-469). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
62. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1999). Knowledge transmission in work groups: Helping newcomers to succeed. In L. L. Thompson, J. M. Levine, & D. M. Messick (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 267-296). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
63. Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (2004). Collaboration: The social context of theory development. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23, 164-172.
64. Levine, J. M., Moreland, R. L., & Choi, H.-S. (2001). Group socialization and newcomer innovation. In M. A. Hogg & R. S Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 86-106). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
65. Levine, J. M., Moreland, R. L., & Hausmann, L. R. M. (2005). Managing group composition: Inclusive and exclusive role transitions. In D. Abrams, M. A. Hogg, & J. M. Marques (Eds.), The social psychology of inclusion and exclusion (pp. 139-160). New York: Psychology Press.
66. Levine, J. M., Moreland, R. L., & Ryan, C. S. (1998). Group socialization and intergroup relations. In C. Sedikides, J. Schopler, & C. A. Insko (Eds.), Intergroup cognition and intergroup behavior (pp. 283-308). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
67. Levine, J. M., & Thompson, L. (1996). Conflict in groups. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 745-776). New York: Guilford Press.
68. Littlepage, G., Robison, W., & Reddington, K. (1997). Effects of task experience and group experience on group performance, member ability, and recognition of expertise. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 133-147.
69. Littlepage, G. E., Schmidt, G. W., Whisler, E. W., & Frost, A. G. (1995). An input-process-output model of influence and performance in problem-solving groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 877-889.
70. Maass, A., West, S. G., & Cialdini, R. B. (1987). Minority influence and conversion. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 55-79). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
71. Mackie, D. M., & Queller, S. (2000). The impact of group membership on persuasion: Revisiting 'Who says what to whom with what effect?' In D. J. Terry & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Attitudes, behaviors, and social context: The role of norms and group membership (pp. 135-155). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
72. Maier, N. R. F., & Solem, A. R. (1970). The contribution of a discussion leader to the quality of group thinking: The effective use of minority opinions. Human Relations, 5, 277-288.
73. Mannix, E., & Neale, M. A. (2005). What differences make a difference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6, 31-55.
74. Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., & Clarkson, T. B. (1986). Atherosclerosis, social dominance, and cardiovascular reactivity. In T. H. Schmidt, T. M. Dembroski, &
75. G. Blumchen (Eds.), Biological and psychological factors in cardiovascular disease. Hamburg, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
76. Martin, R., & Hewstone, M. (2001). Conformity and independence in groups: Majorities and minorities. In M. A. Hogg & R. S Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 209-234). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
77. McGrath, J. E. (1998). A view of group composition through a group-theoretic lens. In M. A. Neale, E. A. Mannix, & D. H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Composition (pp. 255-272). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
78. Merei, F. (1949). Group leadership and institutionalization. Human Relations, 2, 23-39.
79. Milanovich, D. M., Driskell, J. E., Stout, R. J., & Salas, E. (1998). Status and cockpit dynamics: A review and empirical study. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 23, 155-167.
80. Miller, C. E. (1989). The social psychological effects of group decision rules. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Psychology of group influence (2nd ed., pp. 327-355). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
81. Milliken, F. J., Bartel, C. A., & Kurtzberg, T. R. (2003a). Diversity and creativity in work groups: A dynamic perspective on the affective and cognitive processes that link diversity and performance. In P. B. Paulus & B. A. Nijstad (Eds.), Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration (pp. 32-62). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
82. Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003b). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don't communication upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 23, 1453-1476.
83. Moreland, R. L. (1999). Transactive memory: Learning who knows what in work groups and organizations. In L. L. Thompson, J. M. Levine, & D. M. Messick (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 331). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
84. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1982). Socialization in small groups: Temporal changes in individual-group relations. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 15, pp. 137-192). New York: Academic Press.
85. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1988). Group dynamics over time: Development and socialization in small groups. In J. E. McGrath (Ed.), The social psychology of time: New perspectives (pp. 151-181). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
86. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1989). Newcomers and oldtimers in small groups. In P. Paulus (Ed.), Psychology of group influence (2nd ed., pp. 143-186). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
87. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1992a). The composition of small groups. In E. Lawler, B. Markovsky, C. Ridgeway, & H. Walker (Eds.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 9, pp. 237-280). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
88. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (1992b). Problem identification by groups. In S. Worchel, W. Wood, & J. Simpson (Eds.), Group process and productivity (pp. 17-47). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
89. Moreland, R. L., & Levine, J. M. (2001). Socialization in organizations and work groups. In M. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 69-112). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
90. Moreland, R. L., Levine, J. M., & Wingert, M. L. (1996). Creating the ideal group: Composition effects at work. In E. Witte & J. Davis (Eds.), Understanding group behavior. Vol. 2: Small group processes and interpersonal relations (pp. 11-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
91. Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 403-419.
92. Moscovici, S. (1976). Social influence and social change. New York: Academic Press.
93. Moscovici, S. (1985). Social influence and conformity. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (3rd ed., pp. 347-412). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
94. Moscovici, S., & Lage, E. (1978). Studies in social influence IV: Minority influence in a context of original judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 349-365.
95. Mudd, S. (1996). Kirton's A-I theory: Evidence bearing on the style/level and factor composition issues. British Journal of Psychology, 23, 241-254.
96. Mullen, B., & Copper, C. (1994). The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: An integration. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 210-227.
97. Mullen, B., Symons, C., Hu, L., & Salas, E. (1989). Group size, leadership behavior, and subordinate satisfaction. Journal of General Psychology, 23, 155-170.
98. Naylor, J. C., & Briggs, G. E. (1965). Team-training effectiveness under various conditions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23, 223-229.
99. Neale, M. A., Mannix, E. A., & Gruenfeld, D. H. (Eds.). (1998). Research on managing groups and teams: Composition. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
100. Nemeth, C. J., & Nemeth-Brown, B. (2003). Better than individuals? The potential benefits of dissent and diversity for group creativity. In P. B. Paulus & B. A. Nijstad (Eds.), Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration (pp. 63-84). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
101. Nemeth, C. J., Wachtler, J., & Endicott, J. (1977). Increasing the size of the minority: Some gains and some losses. European Journal of Social Psychology, 7, 15-27.
102. Nijstad, B. A., & Levine, J. M. (2007). Group creativity and the stages of creative group problem solving. In M. Hewstone, H. A. W. Schut, J. B. F. de Wit, K. van den Bos, & M. S. Stroebe (Eds.), The scope of social psychology: Theory and applications. Essays in honour of Wolfgang Stroebe (pp. 159-171). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
103. Nyström, H. (1979). Creativity and innovation. New York: Wiley.
104. O'Reilly, C. A., Williams, K. Y., & Barsade, S. (1998). Group demography and innovation: Does diversity help? In M. A. Neale, E. A. Mannix, & D. H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Composition (pp. 183-207). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
105. Owens, D. A., Mannix, E. A., & Neale, M. A. (1998). Strategic formation of groups: Issues in task performance and team member selection. In M. A. Neale, E. A. Mannix, & D. H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Composition (pp. 149-166). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
106. Paulus, P. B., Larey, T. S., & Dzindolet, M. T. (2001). Creativity in groups and teams. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 319-338). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
107. Paulus, P. B., & Nijstad, B. A. (Eds.). (2003). Group creativity: Innovation through collaboration. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
108. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
109. Petty, R. M., & Wicker, A. W. (1974). Degree of manning and degree of success of a group as determinants of members' subjective experiences and their acceptance of a new group member. Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 23, 1-22.
110. Phillips, K. W. (2003). The effects of categorically based expectations on minority influence: The importance of congruence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 3-13.
111. Prislin, R., Levine, J. M., & Christensen, P. N. (2006). When reasons matter: Quality of support affects reactions to increasing and consistent agreement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 593-601.
112. Ridgeway, C. L. (1982). Status in groups: The importance of motivation. American Sociological Review, 23, 76-88.
113. Ridgeway, C. L. (2001). Social status and group structure. In M. A. Hogg & R. S Tindale (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes (pp. 352-375). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
114. Rink, F., & Ellemers, N. (2005, July). When group composition changes: The acceptance of informational diverse newcomers in work groups. In A. O'Brien & R. Swaab (Chairs), The many facets of diversity: Ways to manage difference. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, Wurzburg, Germany.
115. Rogelberg, S. G., & O'Connor, M. S. (1998). Extending the stepladder technique: An examination of self-paced stepladder groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 2, 82-19.
116. Schachter, S. (1951). Deviation, rejection, and communication. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 23, 190-207.
117. Simonton, D. K. (2000). Creativity: Cognitive, personal, developmental, and social aspects. American Psychologist, 55, 151-158.
118. Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Shah, J. J., & Vargas-Hernandez, N. (2006). Empirical studies of creative cognition in idea generation. In L. L. Thompson & H. S. Choi (Eds.,) Creativity and innovation in organizational teams (pp. 3-20). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
119. Stasser, G. (1999). The uncertain role of unshared information in collective choice. In L. L. Thompson, J. M. Levine, & D. M. Messick (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 49-69). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
120. Stasser, G., Stewart, D. D., & Wittenbaum, G. M. (1995). Expert roles and information exchange during discussion: The importance of knowing who knows what. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 244-265.
121. Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Polling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23, 1467-1478.
122. Staw, B. M. (1976). Knee-deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 23, 27-44.
123. Suchner, R. W., & Jackson, D. (1976). Responsibility and status: A causal or only a spurious relationship? Sociometry, 39, 243-256.
124. Sutton, R. L., & Louis, M. R. (1987). How selecting and socializing newcomers influences insiders. Human Resource Management, 26, 347-361.
125. Tanford, S., & Penrod, S. (1984). Social influence model: A formal integration of research on majority and minority influence processes. Psychological Bulletin, 23, 189-225.
126. Thomas-Hunt, M. C., & Gruenfeld, D. H. (1998). A foot in two worlds: The participation of demographic boundary spanners in work groups. In M. A. Neale, E. A. Mannix, & D. H. Gruenfeld (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Composition (pp. 39-57). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
127. Thomas-Hunt, M. C., & Phillips, K. W. (2003). Managing teams in the dynamic organization: The effects of revolving membership and changing task demands on expertise and status in groups. In R. S. Peterson & E. A. Mannix (Eds.), Leading and managing people in the dynamic organization (pp. 115-133). Mahwah, NJ. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
128. Thompson, L. L., & Choi, H. S. (Eds.). (2006). Creativity and innovation in organizational teams. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
129. Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M. (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Its potential antecedents and relationship to creative potential. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 1137-1148.
130. Torrance, E. P. (1955). Some consequences of power differences on decision making in permanent and temporary three-man groups. In A. P. Hare, E. F. Borgatta, & R. F. Bales (Eds.), Small groups (pp. 482-492). New York: Knopf.
131. Trow, D. B. (1960). Membership succession and team performance. Human Relations, 13, 259-269.
132. Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 23, 384-399.
133. van Knippenberg, D. (1999). Social identity and persuasion: Reconsidering the role of group membership. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition (pp. 315-331). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
134. van Knippenberg, D., De Dreu, C. K. W., & Homan, A. C. (2004). Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23, 1008-1022.
135. van Knippenberg, D., & Schippers, M. C. (2007). Work group diversity. Annual Review of Psychology, 23, 515-541.
136. Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw (Ed.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 209-264). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
137. West, M. A. (1990). The social psychology of innovation in groups. In M. A. West & J. L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies (pp. 309-333). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
138. West, M. A., & Farr, J. L. (1990). Innovation at work. In M. A. West & J. L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies (pp. 3-13). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
139. West, M. A., & Wallace, M. (1991). Innovation in health care teams. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 303-315.
140. Wiggins, J. A., Dill, F., & Schwartz, R. D. (1965). On 'status-liability'. Sociometry, 23, 197-209.
141. Williams, K. Y., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. In B. M. Staw & R. I. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 20, pp. 77-140). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
142. Wittenbaum, G. M., & Bowman, J. M. (2005). Member status and information exchange in decision-making groups. In E. A. Mannix, M. A. Neale, & M. C. Thomas-Hunt (Eds.), Research on managing groups and teams: Status and groups (pp. 143-168). London: Elsevier.
143. Wood, W., Lundgren, S., Ouellette, J. A., Busceme, S., & Blackstone, T. (1994). Processes of minority influence: Influence effectiveness and source perception. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 323-345.
144. Worchel, S. (1996). Emphasizing the social nature of groups in a developmental framework. In J. L. Nye & A. M. Brower (Eds.), What's social about social cognition? Research on socially shared cognition in small groups (pp. 261-282). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
145. Worchel, S., Grossman, M., & Coutant, D. (1994). Minority influence in the group context: How group factors affect when the minority will be influential. In S. Moscovici, A. Mucchi-Faina, & A. Maass (Eds.), Minority influence (pp. 97-114). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
146. Zdaniuk, B., & Levine, J. M. (1996). Anticipated interaction and thought generation: The role of faction size. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 201-218.
147. Ziller, R. C. (1965). Toward a theory of open and closed groups. Psychological Bulletin, 23, 164-182.
148. Ziller, R. C., & Behringer, R. D. (1960). Assimilation of the knowledgeable newcomer under conditions of group success and failure. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60, 288-292.
149. Ziller, R. C., Behringer, R. D., & Goodchilds, J. D. (1960). The minority newcomer in open and closed groups. Journal of Psychology, 23, 75-84.
150. Ziller, R. C., Behringer, R. D., & Jansen, M. J. (1961). The newcomer in open and closed groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23, 55-58.