메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue , 2014, Pages 215-223

Ginsenosides attenuate methylglyoxal-induced impairment of insulin signaling and subsequent apoptosis in primary astrocytes

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Diabetes; Ginsenosides; Insulin signaling; Methylglyoxal

Indexed keywords

CASPASE; GINSENOSIDE; GINSENOSIDE RD; GINSENOSIDE RH 2; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR; INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE 1; METHYLGLYOXAL; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE B; INSULIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE; IRS1 PROTEIN, RAT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84902511203     PISSN: 00283908     EISSN: 18737064     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.029     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 79551591722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-neuron metabolic relationships: For better and for worse
    • I. Allaman, M. Belanger, and P.J. Magistretti Astrocyte-neuron metabolic relationships: for better and for worse Trends Neurosci. 34 2 2011 76 87
    • (2011) Trends Neurosci. , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 76-87
    • Allaman, I.1    Belanger, M.2    Magistretti, P.J.3
  • 2
    • 0026691620 scopus 로고
    • Effects of astrocytes, insulin and insulin-like growth factor i on the survival of motoneurons in vitro
    • L.C. Ang, B. Bhaumick, D.G. Munoz, J. Sass, and B.H. Juurlink Effects of astrocytes, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on the survival of motoneurons in vitro J. Neurol. Sci. 109 2 1992 168 172
    • (1992) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-172
    • Ang, L.C.1    Bhaumick, B.2    Munoz, D.G.3    Sass, J.4    Juurlink, B.H.5
  • 3
    • 34247359088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylglyoxal impairs glucose metabolism and leads to energy depletion in neuronal cells-protection by carbonyl scavengers
    • S.G. de Arriba, G. Stuchbury, J. Yarin, J. Burnell, and C. Loske et al. Methylglyoxal impairs glucose metabolism and leads to energy depletion in neuronal cells-protection by carbonyl scavengers Neurobiol. Aging 28 7 2007 1044 1050
    • (2007) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1044-1050
    • De Arriba, S.G.1    Stuchbury, G.2    Yarin, J.3    Burnell, J.4    Loske, C.5
  • 4
    • 83455179184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the glyoxalase system in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection
    • M. Belanger, J. Yang, J.M. Petit, T. Laroche, and P.J. Magistretti et al. Role of the glyoxalase system in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection J. Neurosci. 31 50 2011 18338 18352
    • (2011) J. Neurosci. , vol.31 , Issue.50 , pp. 18338-18352
    • Belanger, M.1    Yang, J.2    Petit, J.M.3    Laroche, T.4    Magistretti, P.J.5
  • 6
    • 84872951820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation: Inflammatory brain drain
    • Y. Bordon Neuroinflammation: inflammatory brain drain Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13 2 2013 69
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 69
    • Bordon, Y.1
  • 7
    • 84867337108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rb1 promotes adipogenesis through regulation of PPARgamma and microRNA-27b
    • L.S. Chan, P.Y. Yue, T.W. Kok, M.H. Keung, and N.K. Mak et al. Ginsenoside-Rb1 promotes adipogenesis through regulation of PPARgamma and microRNA-27b Horm. Metab. Res. 44 11 2012 819 824
    • (2012) Horm. Metab. Res. , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 819-824
    • Chan, L.S.1    Yue, P.Y.2    Kok, T.W.3    Keung, M.H.4    Mak, N.K.5
  • 8
    • 26944461180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive astrocytes as potential manipulation targets in novel cell replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease
    • L.W. Chen, K.L. Yung, and Y.S. Chan Reactive astrocytes as potential manipulation targets in novel cell replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease Curr. Drug Targets 6 7 2005 821 833
    • (2005) Curr. Drug Targets , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. 821-833
    • Chen, L.W.1    Yung, K.L.2    Chan, Y.S.3
  • 9
    • 84855435177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates beta-amyloid generation via suppressing PPARgamma-regulated BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cells
    • L.M. Chen, Z.Y. Lin, Y.G. Zhu, N. Lin, and J. Zhang et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates beta-amyloid generation via suppressing PPARgamma-regulated BACE1 activity in N2a-APP695 cells Eur. J. Pharmacol. 675 1-3 2012 15 21
    • (2012) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.675 , Issue.13 , pp. 15-21
    • Chen, L.M.1    Lin, Z.Y.2    Zhu, Y.G.3    Lin, N.4    Zhang, J.5
  • 10
    • 33749990092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficacies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • W.C. Cho, W.S. Chung, S.K. Lee, A.W. Leung, and C.H. Cheng et al. Ginsenoside Re of Panax ginseng possesses significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic efficacies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Eur. J. Pharmacol. 550 1-3 2006 173 179
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.550 , Issue.13 , pp. 173-179
    • Cho, W.C.1    Chung, W.S.2    Lee, S.K.3    Leung, A.W.4    Cheng, C.H.5
  • 11
    • 9144227606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diabetes mellitus on astrocyte GFAP and glutamate transporters in the CNS
    • E. Coleman, R. Judd, L. Hoe, J. Dennis, and P. Posner Effects of diabetes mellitus on astrocyte GFAP and glutamate transporters in the CNS Glia 48 2 2004 166 178
    • (2004) Glia , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-178
    • Coleman, E.1    Judd, R.2    Hoe, L.3    Dennis, J.4    Posner, P.5
  • 13
    • 0035001341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake
    • N.C. Danbolt Glutamate uptake Prog. Neurobiol. 65 1 2001 1 105
    • (2001) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-105
    • Danbolt, N.C.1
  • 14
    • 0029990439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes protect neurons from hydrogen peroxide toxicity
    • S. Desagher, J. Glowinski, and J. Premont Astrocytes protect neurons from hydrogen peroxide toxicity J. Neurosci. 16 8 1996 2553 2562
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 2553-2562
    • Desagher, S.1    Glowinski, J.2    Premont, J.3
  • 16
    • 17044411592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic mouse model of tau pathology in astrocytes leading to nervous system degeneration
    • M.S. Forman, D. Lal, B. Zhang, D.V. Dabir, and E. Swanson et al. Transgenic mouse model of tau pathology in astrocytes leading to nervous system degeneration J. Neurosci. 25 14 2005 3539 3550
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , Issue.14 , pp. 3539-3550
    • Forman, M.S.1    Lal, D.2    Zhang, B.3    Dabir, D.V.4    Swanson, E.5
  • 18
    • 77953413402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia and diabetes impair gap junctional communication among astrocytes
    • G.K. Gandhi, K.K. Ball, N.F. Cruz, and G.A. Dienel Hyperglycaemia and diabetes impair gap junctional communication among astrocytes ASN Neuro 2 2 2010 e00030
    • (2010) ASN Neuro , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 00030
    • Gandhi, G.K.1    Ball, K.K.2    Cruz, N.F.3    Dienel, G.A.4
  • 19
    • 68449092608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylglyoxal contributes to the development of insulin resistance and salt sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Q. Guo, T. Mori, Y. Jiang, C. Hu, and Y. Osaki et al. Methylglyoxal contributes to the development of insulin resistance and salt sensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats J. Hypertens. 27 8 2009 1664 1671
    • (2009) J. Hypertens. , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1664-1671
    • Guo, Q.1    Mori, T.2    Jiang, Y.3    Hu, C.4    Osaki, Y.5
  • 20
    • 33644585223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy Insight: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease
    • M.N. Haan Therapy Insight: type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2 3 2006 159 166
    • (2006) Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 159-166
    • Haan, M.N.1
  • 21
    • 84890250621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in neonatal rat brain: A role for oxidative stress and MAP kinases
    • L. Heimfarth, S.O. Loureiro, P. Pierozan, B.O. de Lima, and K.P. Reis et al. Methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in neonatal rat brain: a role for oxidative stress and MAP kinases Metab. Brain Dis. 28 3 2013 429 438
    • (2013) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 429-438
    • Heimfarth, L.1    Loureiro, S.O.2    Pierozan, P.3    De Lima, B.O.4    Reis, K.P.5
  • 22
    • 0034641918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of apoptosis
    • M.O. Hengartner The biochemistry of apoptosis Nature 407 6805 2000 770 776
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , Issue.6805 , pp. 770-776
    • Hengartner, M.O.1
  • 23
    • 0038702296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginseng radix on c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    • M.H. Jang, H.K. Chang, M.C. Shin, T.H. Lee, and Y.P. Kim et al. Effect of ginseng radix on c-Fos expression in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats J. Pharmacol. Sci. 91 2 2003 149 152
    • (2003) J. Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-152
    • Jang, M.H.1    Chang, H.K.2    Shin, M.C.3    Lee, T.H.4    Kim, Y.P.5
  • 24
    • 0037309385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines: Powerful regulators of glial cell activation
    • G.R. John, S.C. Lee, and C.F. Brosnan Cytokines: powerful regulators of glial cell activation Neuroscientist 9 1 2003 10 22
    • (2003) Neuroscientist , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-22
    • John, G.R.1    Lee, S.C.2    Brosnan, C.F.3
  • 25
    • 0033849777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and insulin resistance
    • B.B. Kahn, and J.S. Flier Obesity and insulin resistance J. Clin. Investig. 106 4 2000 473 481
    • (2000) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 473-481
    • Kahn, B.B.1    Flier, J.S.2
  • 26
    • 0032703938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylglyoxal in living organisms: Chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and biological implications
    • M.P. Kalapos Methylglyoxal in living organisms: chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and biological implications Toxicol. Lett. 110 3 1999 145 175
    • (1999) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 145-175
    • Kalapos, M.P.1
  • 27
    • 43449101902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylglyoxal and glucose metabolism: A historical perspective and future avenues for research
    • M.P. Kalapos Methylglyoxal and glucose metabolism: a historical perspective and future avenues for research Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 23 1-2 2008 69 91
    • (2008) Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 69-91
    • Kalapos, M.P.1
  • 28
    • 0033517244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt is more than just a Bad kinase
    • A. Khwaja Akt is more than just a Bad kinase Nature 401 6748 1999 33 34
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , Issue.6748 , pp. 33-34
    • Khwaja, A.1
  • 29
    • 84872242871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system
    • H.J. Kim, P. Kim, and C.Y. Shin A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system J. Ginseng Res. 37 1 2013 8 29
    • (2013) J. Ginseng Res. , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-29
    • Kim, H.J.1    Kim, P.2    Shin, C.Y.3
  • 30
    • 23744443807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and their detoxification in Alzheimer's disease
    • B. Kuhla, H.J. Luth, D. Haferburg, K. Boeck, and T. Arendt et al. Methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and their detoxification in Alzheimer's disease Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1043 2005 211 216
    • (2005) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1043 , pp. 211-216
    • Kuhla, B.1    Luth, H.J.2    Haferburg, D.3    Boeck, K.4    Arendt, T.5
  • 31
    • 0142124840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels in diabetic patients: Quantitative determination by a new GC/MS method
    • A. Lapolla, R. Flamini, A. Dalla Vedova, A. Senesi, and R. Reitano et al. Glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels in diabetic patients: quantitative determination by a new GC/MS method Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 41 9 2003 1166 1173
    • (2003) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 1166-1173
    • Lapolla, A.1    Flamini, R.2    Dalla Vedova, A.3    Senesi, A.4    Reitano, R.5
  • 32
    • 84864573426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR30 regulates glutamate transporter GLT-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes
    • E. Lee, M. Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, N. Wang, A. Webb, and D.S. Son et al. GPR30 regulates glutamate transporter GLT-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes J. Biol. Chem. 287 32 2012 26817 26828
    • (2012) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.287 , Issue.32 , pp. 26817-26828
    • Lee, E.1    Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M.2    Wang, N.3    Webb, A.4    Son, D.S.5
  • 33
    • 33846890205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 in primary nigral neurons against rotenone toxicity
    • K.W. Leung, K.K. Yung, N.K. Mak, Y.S. Chan, and T.P. Fan et al. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 in primary nigral neurons against rotenone toxicity Neuropharmacology 52 3 2007 827 835
    • (2007) Neuropharmacology , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 827-835
    • Leung, K.W.1    Yung, K.K.2    Mak, N.K.3    Chan, Y.S.4    Fan, T.P.5
  • 34
    • 79955988875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg2 on neuronal cells
    • X.F. Li, C.N. Lui, Z.H. Jiang, and Y.K. Ken Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg2 on neuronal cells Chin. Med. 6 1 2011 19
    • (2011) Chin. Med. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 19
    • Li, X.F.1    Lui, C.N.2    Jiang, Z.H.3    Ken, Y.K.4
  • 35
    • 0018666718 scopus 로고
    • Adult rat brain astrocytes support survival of both NGF-dependent and NGF-insensitive neurones
    • R.M. Lindsay Adult rat brain astrocytes support survival of both NGF-dependent and NGF-insensitive neurones Nature 282 5734 1979 80 82
    • (1979) Nature , vol.282 , Issue.5734 , pp. 80-82
    • Lindsay, R.M.1
  • 36
    • 71049183577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption and disposition of ginsenosides after oral administration of Panax notoginseng extract to rats
    • H. Liu, J. Yang, F. Du, X. Gao, and X. Ma et al. Absorption and disposition of ginsenosides after oral administration of Panax notoginseng extract to rats Drug Metab. Dispos. 37 12 2009 2290 2298
    • (2009) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 2290-2298
    • Liu, H.1    Yang, J.2    Du, F.3    Gao, X.4    Ma, X.5
  • 37
    • 84862815085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Re attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits in rats
    • Y.W. Liu, X. Zhu, W. Li, Q. Lu, and J.Y. Wang et al. Ginsenoside Re attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits in rats Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 101 1 2012 93 98
    • (2012) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-98
    • Liu, Y.W.1    Zhu, X.2    Li, W.3    Lu, Q.4    Wang, J.Y.5
  • 39
    • 1842524064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate transporters: Animal models to neurologic disease
    • N.J. Maragakis, and J.D. Rothstein Glutamate transporters: animal models to neurologic disease Neurobiol. Dis. 15 3 2004 461 473
    • (2004) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 461-473
    • Maragakis, N.J.1    Rothstein, J.D.2
  • 40
    • 33751237994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease
    • N.J. Maragakis, and J.D. Rothstein Mechanisms of disease: astrocytes in neurodegenerative disease Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2 12 2006 679 689
    • (2006) Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. , vol.2 , Issue.12 , pp. 679-689
    • Maragakis, N.J.1    Rothstein, J.D.2
  • 41
    • 84874199652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 17beta-Oestradiol anti-inflammatory effects in primary astrocytes require oestrogen receptor beta-mediated neuroglobin up-regulation
    • E. De Marinis, E. Acaz-Fonseca, M.A. Arevalo, P. Ascenzi, and M. Fiocchetti et al. 17beta-Oestradiol anti-inflammatory effects in primary astrocytes require oestrogen receptor beta-mediated neuroglobin up-regulation J. Neuroendocrinol. 25 3 2013 260 270
    • (2013) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-270
    • De Marinis, E.1    Acaz-Fonseca, E.2    Arevalo, M.A.3    Ascenzi, P.4    Fiocchetti, M.5
  • 42
    • 0027516706 scopus 로고
    • IRS-1 is a common element in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I signaling to the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase
    • M.G. Myers Jr., X.J. Sun, B. Cheatham, B.R. Jachna, and E.M. Glasheen et al. IRS-1 is a common element in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I signaling to the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Endocrinology 132 4 1993 1421 1430
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.132 , Issue.4 , pp. 1421-1430
    • Myers, Jr.M.G.1    Sun, X.J.2    Cheatham, B.3    Jachna, B.R.4    Glasheen, E.M.5
  • 43
    • 0029068871 scopus 로고
    • Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis
    • D.W. Nicholson, A. Ali, N.A. Thornberry, J.P. Vaillancourt, and C.K. Ding et al. Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis Nature 376 6535 1995 37 43
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , Issue.6535 , pp. 37-43
    • Nicholson, D.W.1    Ali, A.2    Thornberry, N.A.3    Vaillancourt, J.P.4    Ding, C.K.5
  • 44
    • 0030669392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular basis for insulin resistance. Elevated serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 inhibits their binding to the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor and impairs their ability to undergo insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation
    • K. Paz, R. Hemi, D. LeRoith, A. Karasik, and E. Elhanany et al. A molecular basis for insulin resistance. Elevated serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 inhibits their binding to the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor and impairs their ability to undergo insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation J. Biol. Chem. 272 47 1997 29911 29918
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , Issue.47 , pp. 29911-29918
    • Paz, K.1    Hemi, R.2    Leroith, D.3    Karasik, A.4    Elhanany, E.5
  • 45
    • 84155165337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fermented Panax ginseng extract (GINST) on oxidative stress and antioxidant activities in major organs of aged rats
    • T. Ramesh, S.W. Kim, J.H. Sung, S.Y. Hwang, and S.H. Sohn et al. Effect of fermented Panax ginseng extract (GINST) on oxidative stress and antioxidant activities in major organs of aged rats Exp. Gerontol. 47 1 2012 77 84
    • (2012) Exp. Gerontol. , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-84
    • Ramesh, T.1    Kim, S.W.2    Sung, J.H.3    Hwang, S.Y.4    Sohn, S.H.5
  • 46
    • 0035856949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism
    • A.R. Saltiel, and C.R. Kahn Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism Nature 414 6865 2001 799 806
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , Issue.6865 , pp. 799-806
    • Saltiel, A.R.1    Kahn, C.R.2
  • 47
    • 12344277552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, obesity, and the brain
    • M.W. Schwartz, and D. Porte Jr. Diabetes, obesity, and the brain Science 307 5708 2005 375 379
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , Issue.5708 , pp. 375-379
    • Schwartz, M.W.1    Porte, Jr.D.2
  • 48
    • 4444341635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulating angiogenesis: The yin and the yang in ginseng
    • S. Sengupta, S.A. Toh, L.A. Sellers, J.N. Skepper, and P. Koolwijk et al. Modulating angiogenesis: the yin and the yang in ginseng Circulation 110 10 2004 1219 1225
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.10 , pp. 1219-1225
    • Sengupta, S.1    Toh, S.A.2    Sellers, L.A.3    Skepper, J.N.4    Koolwijk, P.5
  • 49
  • 50
    • 62849096825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against kainate neurotoxicity by ginsenosides: Attenuation of convulsive behavior, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress
    • E.J. Shin, J.H. Jeong, A.Y. Kim, Y.H. Koh, and S.Y. Nah et al. Protection against kainate neurotoxicity by ginsenosides: attenuation of convulsive behavior, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress J. Neurosci. Res. 87 3 2009 710 722
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.87 , Issue.3 , pp. 710-722
    • Shin, E.J.1    Jeong, J.H.2    Kim, A.Y.3    Koh, Y.H.4    Nah, S.Y.5
  • 51
    • 77649189116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes: Biology and pathology
    • M.V. Sofroniew, and H.V. Vinters Astrocytes: biology and pathology Acta Neuropathol. 119 1 2010 7 35
    • (2010) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.119 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-35
    • Sofroniew, M.V.1    Vinters, H.V.2
  • 53
    • 82755161978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive astrocytes give neurons less support: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
    • 423 e1-13
    • M.L. Steele, and S.R. Robinson Reactive astrocytes give neurons less support: implications for Alzheimer's disease Neurobiol. Aging 33 2 2012 423 e1-13
    • (2012) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.33 , Issue.2
    • Steele, M.L.1    Robinson, S.R.2
  • 54
    • 15244351255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease-is this type 3 diabetes?
    • E. Steen, B.M. Terry, E.J. Rivera, J.L. Cannon, and T.R. Neely et al. Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease-is this type 3 diabetes? J. Alzheimers Dis. 7 1 2005 63 80
    • (2005) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-80
    • Steen, E.1    Terry, B.M.2    Rivera, E.J.3    Cannon, J.L.4    Neely, T.R.5
  • 55
    • 79251635233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function, dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly
    • M.W. Strachan, R.M. Reynolds, R.E. Marioni, and J.F. Price Cognitive function, dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 7 2 2011 108 114
    • (2011) Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 108-114
    • Strachan, M.W.1    Reynolds, R.M.2    Marioni, R.E.3    Price, J.F.4
  • 56
    • 77953934812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycotoxines, carbonyl stress and relevance to diabetes and its complications
    • Z. Turk Glycotoxines, carbonyl stress and relevance to diabetes and its complications Physiol. Res. 59 2 2010 147 156
    • (2010) Physiol. Res. , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-156
    • Turk, Z.1
  • 57
    • 84859498019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegeneration in diabetes mellitus
    • H. Umegaki Neurodegeneration in diabetes mellitus Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 724 2012 258 265
    • (2012) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.724 , pp. 258-265
    • Umegaki, H.1
  • 58
    • 0036167208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and advanced glycation end products
    • H. Vlassara, and M.R. Palace Diabetes and advanced glycation end products J. Intern. Med. 251 2 2002 87 101
    • (2002) J. Intern. Med. , vol.251 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-101
    • Vlassara, H.1    Palace, M.R.2
  • 59
    • 33847104559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro anti-cancer activity and structure-activity relationships of natural products isolated from fruits of Panax ginseng
    • W. Wang, Y. Zhao, E.R. Rayburn, D.L. Hill, and H. Wang et al. In vitro anti-cancer activity and structure-activity relationships of natural products isolated from fruits of Panax ginseng Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 59 5 2007 589 601
    • (2007) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. , vol.59 , Issue.5 , pp. 589-601
    • Wang, W.1    Zhao, Y.2    Rayburn, E.R.3    Hill, D.L.4    Wang, H.5
  • 60
    • 78049525220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BDNF overexpression in the forebrain rescues Huntington's disease phenotypes in YAC128 mice
    • Y. Xie, M.R. Hayden, and B. Xu BDNF overexpression in the forebrain rescues Huntington's disease phenotypes in YAC128 mice J. Neurosci. 30 44 2010 14708 14718
    • (2010) J. Neurosci. , vol.30 , Issue.44 , pp. 14708-14718
    • Xie, Y.1    Hayden, M.R.2    Xu, B.3
  • 62
    • 80053155942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of oral bioavailability of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 through improved understanding of its absorption and efflux mechanisms
    • Z. Yang, S. Gao, J. Wang, T. Yin, and Y. Teng et al. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 through improved understanding of its absorption and efflux mechanisms Drug Metab. Dispos. 39 10 2011 1866 1872
    • (2011) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 1866-1872
    • Yang, Z.1    Gao, S.2    Wang, J.3    Yin, T.4    Teng, Y.5
  • 63
    • 38049063954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB
    • Z. Zhang, X. Li, W. Lv, Y. Yang, and H. Gao et al. Ginsenoside Re reduces insulin resistance through inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB Mol. Endocrinol. 22 1 2008 186 195
    • (2008) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 186-195
    • Zhang, Z.1    Li, X.2    Lv, W.3    Yang, Y.4    Gao, H.5
  • 64
    • 33244481462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS proteins: A molecular basis for insulin resistance
    • pe4
    • Y. Zick Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS proteins: a molecular basis for insulin resistance Sci. STKE 2005 268 2005 pe4
    • (2005) Sci. STKE , vol.2005 , Issue.268
    • Zick, Y.1
  • 65
    • 68849083063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neurodegenerative diseases
    • C. Zuccato, and E. Cattaneo Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neurodegenerative diseases Nat. Rev. Neurol. 5 6 2009 311 322
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurol. , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 311-322
    • Zuccato, C.1    Cattaneo, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.