Third-party punishment increases cooperation in children through (misaligned) expectations and conditional cooperation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 111, Issue 19, 2014, Pages 6916-6921

  Lergetporer, Philipp ^a,b   Angerer, Silvia ^a   Glätzle Rützler, Daniela ^a   Sutter, Matthias ^a,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; COOPERATION; EXPECTATION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INCIDENCE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUNISHMENT; THIRD PARTY PUNISHMENT;

AGE FACTORS; ALTRUISM; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; ECONOMICS, BEHAVIORAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PUNISHMENT; REWARD; TOKEN ECONOMY;

EID: 84900491032     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320451111     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Richersen PJ, Boyd R (2005) Not by Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution (Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago).
2. Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2004) Social norms and human cooperation. Trends Cogn Sci 8(4):185-190.
3. House BR, et al. (2013) Ontogeny of prosocial behavior across diverse societies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(36):14586-14591.
4. Hamilton WD (1964) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. J Theor Biol 7(1): 1-16.
5. Trivers RL (1971) The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Q Rev Biol 46(1):35-57.
6. House B, Henrich J, Sarnecka B, Silk JB (2013) The development of contingent reciprocity in children. Evol Hum Behav 34(2):86-93.
7. Fehr E, Gächter S (2002) Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415(6868):137-140.
8. Boyd R, Gintis H, Bowles S, Richerson PJ (2003) The evolution of altruistic punishment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(6):3531-3535.
9. Hauert C, Traulsen A, Brandt H, Nowak MA, Sigmund K (2007) Via freedom to coercion: The emergence of costly punishment. Science 316(5833):1905-1907.
10. Boyd R, Gintis H, Bowles S (2010) Coordinated punishment of defectors sustains cooperation and can proliferate when rare. Science 328(5978):617-620.
11. Mussweiler T, Ockenfels A (2013) Similarity increases altruistic punishment in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(48):19318-19323.
12. Fehr E, Gächter S (2000) Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments. Am Econ Rev 90(4):980-994.
13. Nikiforakis N, Normann HT (2008) A comparative statics analysis of punishment in public-good experiments. Exp Econ 11(4):358-369.
14. Nikiforakis N (2010) Feedback, punishment and cooperation in public good experiments. Games Econ Behav 68(2):689-702.
15. Dreber A, Rand DG, Fudenberg D, Nowak MA (2008) Winners don't punish. Nature 452(7185):348-351.
16. Yamagishi T (1986) The provision of a sanctioning system as a public good. J Pers Soc Psychol 51(1):110-116.
17. Gächter S, Herrmann B (2009) Reciprocity, culture and human cooperation: Previous insights and a new cross-cultural experiment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364(1518):791-806.
18. Gürerk Ö, Irlenbusch B, Rockenbach B (2006) The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions. Science 312(5770):108-111.
19. Gintis H (2000) Strong reciprocity and human sociality. J Theor Biol 206(2):169-179.
20. Fehr E, Fischbacher U, Gächter S (2002) Strong reciprocity, human cooperation and the enforcement of social norms. Hum Nat 13(1):1-25.
21. Gintis H, Bowles S, Boyd R, Fehr E (2003) Explaining altruistic behavior in humans. Evol Hum Behav 24(3):153-172.
22. Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2003) The nature of human altruism. Nature 425(6960): 785-791.
23. Fowler JH (2005) Altruistic punishment and the origin of cooperation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(19):7047-7049.
24. Mathew S, Boyd R (2011) Punishment sustains large-scale cooperation in prestate warfare. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(28):11375-11380.
25. Shinada M, Yamagishi T (2007) Punishing free riders: Direct and indirect promotion of cooperation. Evol Hum Behav 28(5):330-339.
26. Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2004) Third-party punishment and social norms. Evol Hum Behav 25(2):63-87.
27. Carpenter JP, Matthews PH, Ong'ong'a O (2004) Why punish? Social reciprocity and the enforcement of prosocial norms. J Evol Econ 14(4):407-429.
28. Charness G, Cobo-Reyes R, Jiménez N (2008) An investment game with third-party intervention. J Econ Behav Organ 68(1):18-28.
29. Carpenter JP, Matthews PH (2012) Norm enforcement: Anger, indignation or reciprocity? J Eur Econ Assoc 10(3):555-572.
30. Hauser MD (1992) Costs of deception: cheaters are punished in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(24):12137-12139.
31. Clutton-BrockTH, Parker GA (1995) Punishment in animal societies. Nature 373(6511): 209-216.
32. von Rohr CR, et al. (2012) Impartial third-party interventions in captive chimpanzees: A reflection of community concern. PLoS ONE 7(3):e32494.
33. Riedl K, Jensen K, Call J, Tomasello M (2012) No third-party punishment in chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(37):14824-14829.
34. Fan C-P (2000) Theaching children cooperation-An application of experimental game theory. J Econ Behav Organ 41(3):191-209.
35. Keser C, van Winden F (2000) Conditional cooperation and voluntary contributions to public goods. Scand J Econ 102(1):23-39.
36. Fischbacher U, Gächter S, Fehr E (2001) Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from a public goods experiment. Econ Lett 71(3):397-404.
37. Kurzban R, Houser D (2005) Experiments investigating cooperative types in humans: A complement to evolutionary theory and simulations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(5): 1803-1807.
38. Schmidt MFH, Rakoczy H, Tomasello M (2012) Young children enforce social norms selectively depending on the violator's group affiliation. Cognition 124(3):325-333.
39. Joyce WB (1999) On the free-riding problem in cooperative learning. J Educ Bus 74(5): 271-274.
40. Fehr E, Bernhard H, Rockenbach B (2008) Egalitarianism in young children. Nature 454(7208):1079-1083.
41. Parsons T (1959) The school class as a social system: Some of its functions in American Society. Harv Educ Rev29(4):297-318.
42. Johnson DW (1981) Student-student interaction: The neglected variable in education. Educ Res 10(1):5-10.
43. Tomasello M, Call J, Hare B (2003) Chimpanzees understand psychological states-The question is which ones and to what extent. Trends Cogn Sci 7(4):153-156.
44. Astington JW (1993) The Child's Discovery of the Mind (Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA).
45. Harbaugh W, Krause K, Berry TR (2001) GARP for kids: On the development of rational choice behavior. Am Econ Rev 91(5):1539-1947.
46. Call J, Tomasello M (2008) Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years later. Trends Cogn Sci 12(5):187-192.
47. Fehr E, Schmidt K (1999) A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. Q J Econ 114(3):817-868.
48. Bolton GE, Ockenfels A (2000) ERC: A theory of equity, reciprocity, and competition. Am Econ Rev 90(1):166-193.
49. Brandts J, Charness G (2011) The strategy versus the direct-response method: A first survey of experimental comparisons. Exp Econ 14(3):375-398.
50. Camerer FC (2003) Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction (Princeton Univ Press, Princeton).
51. Selman RL (1971) Taking another's perspective: Role-taking development in early childhood. Child Dev 42(6):1721-1734.
52. Jensen K, Call J, Tomasello M (2007) Chimpanzees are rational maximizers in an ultimatum game. Science 318(5847):107-109.
53. Balafoutas L, Nikiforakis N (2012) Norm enforcement in the city: A natural field experiment. Eur Econ Rev 56(8):1773-1785.
54. Gneezy U, Meier S, Rey-Biel P (2011) When and why incentives (don't) work to modify behavior. J Econ Perspect 25(4):191-210.
55. Harbaugh W, Krause K (1999) Economic experiments that you can perform at home on your children. Working Paper, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR. Available at https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/56/UO- 1999-1-Har-baugh-Economic-Experiments%5B2%5D.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed December 28, 2013.
56. Castillo M, Ferraro PJ, Jordan JL, Petrie R (2011) The today and tomorrow of kids: Time preferences and educational outcomes of children. J Public Econ 95(11):1377-1385.
57. Bettinger E, Slonim R (2007) Patience among children. J Public Econ 91(1-2):343-363.
58. Herrmann B, Thöni C, Gächter S (2008) Antisocial punishment across societies. Science 319(5868):1362-1367.