A review of foodborne bacterial and parasitic zoonoses in Vietnam

EcoHealth

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 465-489

  Carrique Mas, Juan J ^a   Bryant, J E ^a  

^a OXFORD UNIVERSITY CLINICAL RESEARCH UNIT   (Viet Nam)

Author keywords

Aquaculture; Foodborne zoonoses; Human animal interface; Livestock; Vietnam

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

ANIMAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOODBORNE DISEASES; HUMAN; LIVESTOCK; MEAT; MICROBIOLOGY; PARASITOLOGY; VIET NAM; ZOONOSES;

ANIMALS; FOODBORNE DISEASES; HUMANS; LIVESTOCK; MEAT; VIETNAM; ZOONOSES;

EID: 84900392666     PISSN: 16129202     EISSN: 16129210     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-013-0884-9     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. Adler B, de la Pena Moctezuma A (2010) Leptospira and leptospirosis. Veterinary Microbiology 140: 287-296
2. Anderson N, Luong TT, Vo NG, Bui KL, Smooker PM, Spithill TW (1999) The sensitivity and specificity of two methods for detecting Fasciola infections in cattle. Veterinary Parasitology 83: 15-24
3. Anh NT, Madsen H, Dalsgaard A, Phuong NT, Thanh DT, Murrell KD (2010) Poultry as reservoir hosts for fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Vietnamese fish farms. Veterinary Parasitology 169: 391-394
4. Anonymous (2011) Packaged Food in Vietnam. International Markets Bureau. Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada. http://ats.agr.gc.ca/ase/5822- eng.htm. Accessed January 10, 2013.
5. Ashrafi K, Valero MA, Massoud J, Sobhani A, Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Conde P, et al. (2006) Plant-borne human contamination by fascioliasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 75: 295-302
6. Beleneva I (2011) Incidence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes from the Japan and South China seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62: 382-387
7. Bodhidatta L, Lan NT, Hien BT, Lai NV, Srijan A, Serichantalergs O, et al. (2007) Rotavirus disease in young children from Hanoi, Vietnam. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 26: 325-328
8. Boqvist S, Chau BL, Gunnarsson A, Engvall EO, Vagsholm I, Magnusson U (2002) Animal- and herd-level risk factors for leptospiral seropositivity among sows in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 53: 233-245
9. Boqvist S, Thu HTV, Vagsholm I, Magnusson U (2002) The impact of Leptospira seropositivity on reproductive performance in sows in southern Viet Nam. Theriogenology 58: 1327-1335
10. Cadilhon J, Moustier N, Poole N, Tam P, Fearne P (2006) Traditional vs. modern food systems? Insights from vegetable supply chains to Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) Development Policy Review 24: 31-49
11. Chai JY, Darwin Murrell K, Lymbery AJ (2005) Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues. International Journal for Parasitology 35: 1233-1254
12. Chau TT, Campbell JI, Schultsz C, Chau NV, Diep TS, Baker S, et al. (2010) Three adult cases of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in Vietnam. PLoS Medicine 7:e1000306
13. Chau TTH, Campbell J, Schultsz C, Nguyen C, To D, Baker S, et al. (2010) Three adult cases of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in Vietnam. PLoS Medicine 7:e1000306
14. Chen Y, Guo Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu H, Dai Y, et al. (2010) Foodborne disease outbreaks in 2006 report of the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network, China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 39: 331-334
15. Chi TT, Dalsgaard A, Turnbull JF, Tuan PA, Murrell KD (2008) Prevalence of zoonotic trematodes in fish from a Vietnamese fish-farming community. Journal of Parasitology 94: 423-428
16. Choi D, Lim JH, Lee KT, Lee JK, Choi SH, Heo JS, et al. (2006) Cholangiocarcinoma and Clonorchis sinensis infection: a case- control study in Korea. Journal of Hepatology 44: 1066-1073
17. Clinton White J (2010) Cryptosporidium species. In: Principle and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Mandell G, Bennet J, Dolin R (editors), Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, pp 3547-3586
18. Coker RJ, Hunter BM, Rudge JW, Liverani M, Hanvoravongchai P (2011) Health in Southeast Asia 3. Emerging infectious diseases in southeast Asia: regional challenges to control. Lancet 377: 599-609
19. Conlan JV, Vongxay K, Fenwick S, Blacksell SD, Thompson RC (2009) Does interspecific competition have a moderating effect on Taenia solium transmission dynamics in Southeast Asia? Trends in Parasitology 25: 398-403
20. Dang TC, Yajima A, Nguyen VK, Montresor A (2008) Prevalence, intensity and risk factors for clonorchiasis and possible use of questionnaires to detect individuals at risk in northern Vietnam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 102: 1263-1268
21. De NV (2004) Fish-borne trematodes in Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 35: 299-301
22. De NV, Le TH (2011) Human infections of fish-borne trematodes in Vietnam: prevalence and molecular specific identification at an endemic commune in Nam Dinh province. Experimental Parasitology 129: 355-361
23. De NV, Murrell KD, Cong LD, Cam PD, Chau LV, Toan ND, et al. (2003) The food-borne trematode zoonoses of Vietnam. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 34(Suppl 1): 12-34
24. Do TT, Bui TT, Molbak K, Phung DC, Dalsgaard A (2007) Epidemiology and aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in adults engaged in wastewater-fed agriculture and aquaculture in Hanoi, Vietnam. Tropical Medicine & International Health 12(Suppl 2): 23-33
25. Doanh PN, Shinohara A, Horii Y, Habe S, Nawa Y, Le NT (2007) Description of a new lung fluke species, Paragonimus vietnamensis sp. nov. (Trematoda, Paragonimidae), found in northern Vietnam. Parasitology Research 101: 1495-1501
26. Doanh PN, Shinohara A, Horii Y, Habe S, Nawa Y, Le NT (2008) Discovery of Paragonimus proliferus in Northern Vietnam and their molecular phylogenetic status among genus Paragonimus. Parasitology Research 102: 677-683
27. Doanh PN, Shinohara A, Horii Y, Habe S, Nawa Y (2009) Discovery of Paragonimus westermani in Vietnam and its molecular phylogenetic status in P. westermani complex. Parasitology Research 104: 1149-1155
28. Doanh PN, Dung do T, Thach DT, Horii Y, Shinohara A, Nawa Y (2011) Human paragonimiasis in Viet Nam: epidemiological survey and identification of the responsible species by DNA sequencing of eggs in patients' sputum. Parasitology International 60: 534-537
29. Dorny P, Somers R, Cam Thi Dang T, Khong Nguyen V, Vercruysse J (2004) Cysticercosis in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 35: 223-226
30. Dorny P, Somers R, Vercruysse J (2007) Response to comment on: Human tapeworms in north Vietnam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101: 629-630
31. Drew TW (2011) The emergence and evolution of swine viral diseases: to what extent have husbandry systems and global trade contributed to their distribution and diversity? Revue Scientifique et Technique 30: 95-106
32. Drury R (2011) Hungry for success: urban consumer demand for wild animal products in Vietnam. Conservation and Society 9: 247-257
33. Dubey JP, Huong LT, Sundar N, Su C (2007) Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in dogs from Vietnam suggests their South American origin. Veterinary Parasitology 146: 347-351
34. Dubey JP, Huong LT, Lawson BW, Subekti DT, Tassi P, Cabaj W, et al. (2008) Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens in Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and Vietnam. Journal of Parasitology 94: 68-71
35. Dyar OJ, Hoa NQ, Trung NV, Phuc HD, Larsson M, Chuc NT, et al. (2012) High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli among children in rural Vietnam. BMC Infectious Diseases 12: 92
36. EFSA (2012) The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2010. EFSA Journal 10: 2597
37. Ellerbroek L, Narapati D, Tai NP, Poosaran N, Pinthong R, Sirimalaisuwan A, et al. (2010) Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from imported chicken carcasses in Bhutan and from pig carcasses in Vietnam. Journal of Food Protection 73: 376-379
38. Erhart A, Dorny P, Van De N, Vien HV, Thach DC, Toan ND, et al. (2002) Taenia solium cysticercosis in a village in northern Viet Nam: seroprevalence study using an ELISA for detecting circulating antigen. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96: 270-272
39. Fayer R (2004) Cryptosporidium: a water-borne zoonotic parasite. Veterinary Parasitology 126: 37-56
40. Galan-Puchades MT, Fuentes MV (2009) Diagnosis of human cysticercosis and Taenia asiatica. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81: 1165 (author reply 1166)
41. Garin B, Gouali M, Wouafo M, Perchec AM, Thu PM, Ravaonindrina N, et al. (2012) Prevalence, quantification and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. on chicken neck-skins at points of slaughter in 5 major cities located on 4 continents. International Journal of Food Microbiology 157: 102-107
42. Geurden T, Somers R, Thanh NT, Vien LV, Nga VT, Giang HH, et al. (2008) Parasitic infections in dairy cattle around Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Veterinary Parasitology 153: 384-388
43. Gibson-Kueh S, Yang R, Thuy NT, Jones JB, Nicholls PK, Ryan U (2011) The molecular characterization of an Eimeria and Cryptosporidium detected in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) cultured in Vietnam. Veterinary Parasitology 181: 91-96
44. Graham JP, Leibler JH, Price LB, Otte JM, Pfeiffer DU, Tiensin T, et al. (2008) The animal-human interface and infectious disease in industrial food animal production: rethinking biosecurity and biocontainment. Public Health Reports 123: 282-299
45. Ha TA, Pham TY (2006) Study of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli contamination in raw food available in factories, schools, and hospital canteens in Hanoi, Vietnam. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1081: 262-265
46. Hall G, Kirk MD, Becker N, Gregory JE, Unicomb L, Millard G, et al. (2005) Estimating foodborne gastroenteritis, Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 11: 1257-1264
47. Hedegaard Clausen J, Madsen H, Murrell KD, Van PT, Thu HN, Do DT, et al. (2012) Prevention and control of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in fish nurseries, Vietnam. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18: 1438-1445
48. Hien BT, Trang do T, Scheutz F, Cam PD, Molbak K, Dalsgaard A (2007) Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and other causes of childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study in children living in a wastewater-use area in Hanoi, Vietnam. Journal of Medical Microbiology 56: 1086-1096
49. Ho Dang Trung N, Le Thi Phuong T, Wolbers M, Nguyen Van Minh H, Nguyen Thanh V, Van MP, et al. (2012) Aetiologies of central nervous system infection in Viet Nam: a prospective provincial hospital-based descriptive surveillance study. PLoS ONE 7:e37825
50. Hoa NT, Chieu TTB, Dung SD, Long NT, Quoc T, Hieu TQ, et al. (2013) S. suis serotype 2 and PRRSV in pigs, Vietnam 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases 19: 331-333
51. Holland WG, Luong TT, Nguyen LA, Do TT, Vercruysse J (2000) The epidemiology of nematode and fluke infections in cattle in the Red River Delta in Vietnam. Veterinary Parasitology 93: 141-147
52. Hong TTT, Linh NQ, Ogle B, Lindberg JE (2006) Survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets and on feeding systems as contributing risk factors in smallholdings in central Vietnam. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38: 397-405
53. HPA (2013) Table of Zoonotic Diseases and Organisms. http://www.hpa.org. uk/Topics/InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/Zoonoses/TableZoonoticDiseases. Accessed March 12, 2012.
54. Hubalek Z (2003) Emerging human infectious diseases: anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9: 403-404
55. Huong LT, Dubey JP (2007) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs from Vietnam. Journal of Parasitology 93: 951-952
56. Huong LT, Ljungstrom BL, Uggla A, Bjorkman C (1998) Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and water buffaloes in southern Vietnam. Veterinary Parasitology 75: 53-57
57. Indrawattana N, Nibaddhasobon T, Sookrung N, Chongsa-Nguan M, Tungtrongchitr A, Makino S, et al. (2011) Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw meats marketed in Bangkok and characterization of the isolates by phenotypic and molecular methods. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 29: 26-38
58. Isenbarger D, Hien B, Ha H, Ha T, Bodhidatta L, Pang L, et al. (2001) Prospective study of the incidence of diarrhoea and prevalence of bacterial pathogens in a cohort of Vietnamese children along the Red River. Epidemiology and Infection 127: 229-236
59. Jenkins MB, Liotta JL, Lucio-Forster A, Bowman DD (2010) Concentrations, viability, and distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in lagoons of swine facilities in the Southern Piedmont and in coastal plain watersheds of Georgia. Applied and Environment Microbiology 76: 5757-5763
60. Jittapalapong S, Nimsupan B, Pinyopanuwat N, Chimnoi W, Kabeya H, Maruyama S (2007) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray cats and dogs in the Bangkok metropolitan area, Thailand. Veterinary Parasitology 145: 138-141
61. Khan MI, Ochiai RL, von Seidlein L, Dong B, Bhattacharya SK, Agtini MD, et al. (2010) Non-typhoidal Salmonella rates in febrile children at sites in five Asian countries. Tropical Medicine & International Health 15: 960-963
62. Kino H, Inaba H, Van De N, Van Chau L, Son DT, Hao HT, et al. (1998) Epidemiology of clonorchiasis in Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 29: 250-254
63. Ky H, Van Chap N (2000) Radioclinical aspects of cerebral and muscular cysticercosis: 20 cases. Journal of Neuroradiology 27: 264-266
64. Lan-Anh NT, Phuong NT, Murrell KD, Johansen MV, Dalsgaard A, Thu LT, et al. (2009) Animal reservoir hosts and fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections on fish farms, Vietnam. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15: 540-546
65. Laras K, Van CB, Bounlu K, Tien NTK, Olson JG, Thongchanh S, et al. (2002) The importance of leptospirosis in Southeast Asia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67: 278-286
66. Le Bas C, Tran TH, Nguyen TT, Dang DT, Ngo CT (2006) Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella spp. in small pig abattoirs of Hanoi, Vietnam. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1081: 269-272
67. Le TX, Rojekittikhun W (2000) A survey of infective larvae of Gnathostoma in eels sold in Ho Chi Minh City. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 31: 133-137
68. le Xuan T, Rojekittikhun W, Punpoowong B, le Trang N, Hien TV (2002) Case report: intraocular gnathostomiasis in Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 33: 485-489
69. Le TH, De NV, Agatsuma T, Blair D, Vercruysse J, Dorny P, et al. (2007) Molecular confirmation that Fasciola gigantica can undertake aberrant migrations in human hosts. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45: 648-650
70. Le TH, De NV, Agatsuma T, Thi Nguyen TG, Nguyen QD, McManus DP, et al. (2008) Human fascioliasis and the presence of hybrid/introgressed forms of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in Vietnam. International Journal for Parasitology 38: 725-730
71. Le A, Pham MH, Le TH (2012) Mot so dac diem dich te hoc nhiem Toxocara tren benh nhan may day man tinh nhiem Toxocara tai Vien 103. Tap chìphòng chǒ́ng běnh sǒ́ trét vàcác běnh ký sinh trùng 52-58.
72. Lestari ES, Severin JA, Verbrugh HA (2012) Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 43: 385-422
73. Linh BK, Thuy DT, My LN, Sasaki O, Yoshihara S (2003) Application of agar gel diffusion test to the diagnosis of fasciolosis in cattle and buffaloes in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 37: 201-205
74. Liu X, Chen Y, Wang X, Ji R (2004) Foodborne disease outbreaks in China from 1992 to 2001 national foodborne disease surveillance system. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 33: 725-727
75. Liu XM, Chen Y, Fan YX, Wang MQ (2006) Foodborne diseases occurred in 2003 - report of the National Foodborne Diseases Surveillance System, China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 35: 201-204
76. Luu QH, Tran TH, Phung DC, Nguyen TB (2006) Study on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. from chicken meat in Hanoi, Vietnam. Annals of theNewYork Academy of Sciences 1081: 273-275
77. Mai NT, Hoa NT, Nga TV, le Linh D, Chau TT, Sinh DX, et al. (2008) Streptococcus suis meningitis in adults in Vietnam. Clinical Infectious Diseases 46: 659-667
78. Mas-Coma S (2005) Epidemiology of fascioliasis in human endemic areas. Journal of Helminthology 79: 207-216
79. Mayer DA, Fried B (2007) The role of helminth infections in carcinogenesis. Advances in Parasitology 65: 239-296
80. Montoya J, Boothroyd J, Kovacs J (2010) Toxoplasma gondii. In: Principle and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Mandell G, Bennet J, Dolin R (editors), Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, pp 3495-3526
81. Nga TV, Parry CM, Le T, Lan NP, Diep TS, Campbell JI, et al. (2012) The decline of typhoid and the rise of non-typhoid salmonellae and fungal infections in a changing HIV landscape: bloodstream infection trends over 15 years in southern Vietnam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 106: 26-34
82. Ngan PK, Khanh NG, Tuong CV, Quy PP, Anh DN, Thuy HT (1992) Persistent diarrhea in Vietnamese children: a preliminary report. Acta Paediatrica 81(Suppl 381): 124-126
83. Nghia HD, Hoa NT, le Linh D, Campbell J, Diep TS, Chau NV, et al. (2008) Human case of Streptococcus suis serotype 16 infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases 14: 155-157
84. Nghia HD, le Tu TP, Wolbers M, Thai CQ, Hoang NV, Nga TV, et al. (2011) Risk factors of Streptococcus suis infection in Vietnam. A case-control study. PLoS ONE 6:e17604
85. Ngo TH, T TBC, Tran TTN, Nguyen VD, Campbell J, Pham HA, et al. (2011) Slaughterhouse pigs are a major reservoir of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 capable of causing human infection in southern Vietnam. PLoS ONE 6:e17943
86. Nguyen TV, Le Van P, Le Huy C, Weintraub A (2004) Diarrhea caused by rotavirus in children less than 5 years of age in Hanoi, Vietnam. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42: 5745-5750
87. Nguyen D, Le P, Huyn L, Truong C (2006) Dieu tra tinh hinh nhiem vi khuan va phan tich cac yeu to lien quan voi mot so benh vi khuan lay sang nguoi tren dan bo sua tai tp. Ho Chi Minh. Khoa ho ky thuat thú y 13: 43-46
88. Nguyen ST, Nguyen DT, Le DQ, Le Hua LN, Van Nguyen T, Honma H, et al. (2007) Prevalence and first genetic identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in central Viet Nam. Veterinary Parasitology 150: 357-361
89. Nguyen TH, Nguyen VD, Murrell D, Dalsgaard A (2007) Occurrence and species distribution of fishborne zoonotic trematodes in wastewater-fed aquaculture in northern Vietnam. Tropical Medicine & International Health 12(Suppl 2): 66-72
90. Nguyen TG, Van De N, Vercruysse J, Dorny P, Le TH (2009) Genotypic characterization and species identification of Fasciola spp. with implications regarding the isolates infecting goats in Vietnam. Experimental Parasitology 123: 354-361
91. Nguyen TG, Le TH, Dao TH, Tran TL, Praet N, Speybroeck N, et al. (2011) Bovine fasciolosis in the human fasciolosis hyperendemic Binh Dinh province in central Vietnam. Acta Tropica 117: 19-22
92. Nguyen ST, Honma H, Geurden T, Ikarash M, Fukuda Y, Huynh VV, et al. (2012) Prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding in pigs in central Vietnam. Research in Veterinary Science 93: 848-852
93. Nissapatorn V, Noor Azmi MA, Cho SM, Fong MY, Init I, Rohela M, et al. (2003) Toxoplasmosis: prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 23: 618-624
94. Olsen A, le Thuan K, Murrell KD, Dalsgaard A, Johansen MV, De NV (2006) Cross-sectional parasitological survey for helminth infections among fish farmers in Nghe An province, Vietnam. Acta Tropica 100: 199-204
95. Painter JA, Hoekstra RM, Ayers T, Tauxe RV, Braden CR, Angulo FJ, et al. (2013) Attribution of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths to food commodities by using outbreak data, United States, 1998-2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases 19: 407-415
96. Pegues D, Miller SI (2010) Salmonella species, including Salmonella typhi. In: Principle and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Mandell G, Bennet J, Dolin R (editors), Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, pp 2887-2903
97. Pham Duc P, Nguyen-Viet H, Hattendorf J, Zinsstag J, Dac Cam P, Odermatt P (2011) Risk factors for Entamoeba histolytica infection in an agricultural community in Hanam province, Vietnam. Parasites & Vectors 4: 102
98. Phan TT, Khai LTL, Ogasawara N, Tam NT, Okatani AT, Akiba M, et al. (2005) Contamination of Salmonella in retail meats and shrimps in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Journal of Food Protection 68: 1077-1080
99. Phan M, Ersboll A, Do D, Dalsgaard A (2011) Raw-fish-eating behavior and fishborne zoonotic trematode infection in people of northern Vietnam. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8: 255-260
100. Phuc PD, Konradsen F, Phuong PT, Cam PD, Dalsgaard (2006) Practice of using human excreta as fertilizer and implications for health in Nghe An province, Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 37: 222-229
101. Pozio E, Hoberg E, La Rosa G, Zarlenga DS (2009) Molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of nematodes belonging to the Trichinella genus. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 9: 606-616
102. Queuche F, Van Cao V, Le Dang H (1997) Endemic area of paragonimiasis in Vietnam. Sante 7: 155-159
103. Sery V, Zastera M, Prokopec J, Radkovsky J, The PH, Canh DT (1988) To the problem of toxoplasmosis in Vietnam. Bulletin of the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia 39: 181-185
104. Sieu TP, Dung TT, Nga NT, Hien TV, Dalsgaard A, Waikagul J, et al. (2009) Prevalence of Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in wild and cultured swamp eels in Vietnam. Journal of Parasitology 95: 246-248
105. Smythe LD, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, Suputtamongkol Y, Tiengrim S, Dohnt MF, et al. (2009) The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is an unreliable predictor of infecting Leptospira serovar in Thailand. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81: 695-697
106. Somers R, Dorny P, Nguyen VK, Dang TC, Goddeeris B, Craig PS, et al. (2006) Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in three communities in north Vietnam. Tropical Medicine & International Health 11: 65-72
107. Somers R, Dorny P, Geysen D, Nguyen LA, Thach DC, Vercruysse J, et al. (2007) Human tapeworms in north Vietnam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101: 275-277
108. Sotelo J (2003) Neurocysticercosis: eradication of cysticercosis is an attainable goal. British Medical Journal 326: 511-512
109. Suzuki K, Kanameda M, Inui K, Ogawa T, Nguyen VK, Dang TT, et al. (2006) A longitudinal study to identify constraints to dairy cattle health and production in rural smallholder communities in Northern Vietnam. Research in Veterinary Science 81: 177-184
110. Ta YT, Nguyen TT, To PB, da Pham X, Le HT, Alali WQ, et al. (2012) Prevalence of Salmonella on chicken carcasses from retail markets in Vietnam. Journal of Food Protection 75: 1851-1854
111. Taira N, Yoshifuji H, Boray JC (1997) Zoonotic potential of infection with Fasciola spp. by consumption of freshly prepared raw liver containing immature flukes. International Journal for Parasitology 27: 775-779
112. Taylor WRJ, Giang VT, Thai QN, Duong VD, Viet KN, Cap TN, et al. (2009) Acute febrile myalgia in Vietnam due to trichinellosis following the consumption of raw pork. Clinical Infectious Diseases 49:E79-E83
113. Thai KTD, Binh TQ, Giao PT, Phuong HL, Hung LQ, Van Nam N, et al. (2006) Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in southern Vietnamese children. Tropical Medicine & International Health 11: 738-745
114. Thai TH, Hirai T, Lan NT, Yamaguchi R (2012) Antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serovars isolated from retail pork and chicken meat in North Vietnam. International Journal of Food Microbiology 156: 147-151
115. Thang NM, Popkin BM (2004) Patterns of food consumption in Vietnam: effects on socioeconomic groups during an era of economic growth. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58: 145-153
116. Thi NV, Dorny P, La Rosa G, Long TT, Van CN, Pozio E (2010) High prevalence of anti-Trichinella IgG in domestic pigs of the Son La province, Vietnam. Veterinary Parasitology 168: 136-140
117. Thompson CN, Phan VT, Le TP, Pham TN, Hoang LP, Ha V, et al. (2012) Epidemiological features and risk factors of Salmonella gastroenteritis in children resident in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Epidemiology & Infection 141: 1604-1613
118. Thu ND, Dalsgaard A, Loan LT, Murrell KD (2007) Survey for zoonotic liver and intestinal trematode metacercariae in cultured and wild fish in An Giang Province, Vietnam. Korean Journal of Parasitology 45: 45-54
119. Tran D, Pham H (2012). Mot so dac diem dich te hoc benh than o nguoi mien bac Viet Nam, 2006-2011. 22.
120. Tran H, Tran KD, Tran H, Le T, Nguyen H (2001) Mot so dac diem trong hoi chung au trung di chuyen noi tang do gium dua cho Toxocara canis. Y Hoc Tp Ho Chi Minh 4: 192-197
121. Tran VH, Tran TK, Nguye HC, Pham HD, Pham TH (2001) Fascioliasis in Vietnam. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 32(Suppl 2): 48-50
122. Tran TP, Ly TL, Nguyen TT, Akiba M, Ogasawara N, Shinoda D, et al. (2004) Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs, chickens and ducks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66: 1011-1014
123. Trung D, Van N, Waikagul J, Dalsgaard A, Chai JY, Sohn WM, et al. (2007) Fishborne zoonotic intestinal trematodes, Vietnam. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13: 1828-1833
124. Udonsom R, Lekkla A, Chung P, Cam P, Sukthana Y (2008) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibody in Vietnamese villagers. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 39: 14-18
125. Uga S, Hoa NT, le Thuan K, Noda S, Fujimaki Y (2005) Intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren in a suburban area of Hanoi, Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 36: 1407-1411
126. Uga S, Hoa NT, Noda S, Moji K, Cong L, Aoki Y, et al. (2009) Parasite egg contamination of vegetables from a suburban market in Hanoi, Vietnam. Nepal Medical College Journal 11: 75-78
127. Van CTB, Thuy NTT, San NH, Hien TT, Baranton G, Perolat P (1998) Human leptospirosis in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92: 625-628
128. Van TT, Moutafis G, Istivan T, Tran LT, Coloe PJ (2007) Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance. Applied and Environment Microbiology 73: 6885-6890
129. Verle P, Kongs A, De NV, Thieu NQ, Depraetere K, Kim HT, et al. (2003) Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in northern Vietnam. Tropical Medicine & International Health 8: 961-964
130. Vien CV, Phue NC, Ha LD, Tuan LM, Van NT, Pao TC, et al. (1997) Paragonimiasis in Sin Ho District, Lai Chau Province, Viet Nam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 28(Suppl 1): 46
131. Vijayan VK (2009) Parasitic lung infections. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 15: 274-282
132. Vo ATT, van Duijkeren E, Fluit AC, Heck M, Verbruggen A, Maas HME, et al. (2006) Distribution of Salmonella enterica serovars from humans, livestock and meat in Vietnam and the dominance of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 90. Veterinary Microbiology 113: 153-158
133. Vu Nguyen T, Le Van P, Le Huy C, Nguyen Gia K, Weintraub A (2006) Etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea in children in Hanoi, Vietnam. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 10: 298-308
134. Wagenaar JFP, Falke THF, Nam NV, Binh TQ, Smits HL, Cobelens FGJ, et al. (2004) Rapid serological assays for leptospirosis are of limited value in southern Vietnam. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 98: 843-850
135. Waikagul J, Diaz Camacho P (2007) Gnathostomiasis. In: Foodborne parasitic zoonoses: fish and plant-borne parasites, Fried DMAB (editor), New York: Springer, pp 235-261
136. Wertheim HF, Nghia HD, Taylor W, Schultsz C (2009) Streptococcus suis: an emerging human pathogen. Clinical Infectious Diseases 48: 617-625
137. Wertheim HF, Nguyen HN, Taylor W, Lien TT, Ngo HT, Nguyen TQ, et al. (2009) Streptococcus suis, an important cause of adult bacterial meningitis in northern Vietnam. PLoS ONE 4:e5973
138. Willingham AL 3rd, De NV, Doanh NQ, Cong LD, Dung TV, Dorny P, et al. (2003) Current status of cysticercosis in Vietnam. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 34(Suppl 1): 35-50
139. Willingham AL III, Wu H-W, Conlan J, Satrija F (2010) Combating Taenia solium cysticercosis in Southeast Asia: an opportunity for improving human health and livestock production. Advances in Parasitology 72: 235-266
140. Xiao L, Fayer R (2008) Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission. International Journal for Parasitology 38: 1239-1255
141. Xuan LT, Hoa PL, Dekumyoy P, Hoan NH, Khuong LH, Van TT, et al. (2004) Gnathosthoma infection in south Vietnam. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 35(Suppl. 1): 97-99
142. Xuan LT, Hung NT, Waikagul J (2005) Cutaneous fascioliasis: a case report in Vietnam. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 72: 508-509
143. Yu H, Jing H, Chen Z, Zheng H, Zhu X, Wang H, et al. (2006) Human Streptococcus suis outbreak, Sichuan, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12: 914-920