Hungry for success: Urban consumer demand for wild animal products in Vietnam

Conservation and Society

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 247-257

  Drury, Rebecca ^a  

^a FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

bear bile; bushmeat; consumer demand; consumers; Southeast Asia; supply side approaches; traditional medicine; Vietnam; wildlife trade; wildmeat

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 82055200101     PISSN: 09724923     EISSN: 09753133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.86995     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Anderson, E.N. and M.L. Anderson. 1975. Folk dietetics in two Chinese communities and its implications for the study of Chinese medicine. In: Medicine in Chinese cultures: Comparative studies of healthcare in Chinese and other societies (eds. Kleinman, A., P. Kunstadter, R. Alexander and J.L. Gale). Pp. 145-175. Washington, DC: Fogarty International Center.
2. Apaza, L., D. Wilkie, E. Byron, T. Huanca, W. Leonard, E. Perez, V. Reyes-Garcia, V. Vadez and R. Godoy. 2002. Meat prices influence the consumption of wildlife by the Tsimane' Amerindians of Bolivia. Oryx 36(4): 382-388. (Pubitemid 43138384)
3. Bakarr, M.I., O. Ampadu-Agyei, E. Adomako, R. Ham, S. Mainka and M. Trivedi. 2002. Bushmeat utilisation, human livelihoods and conservation of large mammals in West Africa. In: Links between biodiversity, conservation, livelihoods and food security: The sustainable use of wild species for meat. Occasional Paper of the Species Survival Commission number 24 (eds. Mainka, S. and M. Trivedi). Pp. 45-53.Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
4. Barnett, R., S. Mainka and M. Trivedi. 2002. Wildmeat utilisation in the eastern and southern Africa region. In: Links between biodiversity, conservation, livelihoods and food security: The sustainable use of wild species for meat. Occasional Paper of the Species Survival Commission Number 24 (eds. Mainka, S. and M. Trivedi). Pp. 55-61. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
5. Bennett, E. 2002. Is there a link between wild meat and food security? Conservation Biology 16(3): 590-592. (Pubitemid 34592913)
6. Bennett, E.L. and M. Rao. 2002. Hunting and wildlife trade in tropical and sub-tropical Asia: Identifying gaps and developing strategies. Report of a meeting held in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Bangkok: Wildlife Conservation Society.
7. Bernard, H.R. 2006. Research methods in anthropology. 4th edition. Lanham and Oxford: AltaMira Press.
8. Bowen-Jones, E., D. Brown and E.J.Z. Robinson. 2003. Economic commodity or environmental crisis? An interdisciplinary approach to analysing the bushmeat trade in central and west Africa. Area 35(4): 390-402. (Pubitemid 38039283)
9. Brashares, J.S., P. Arcese, M.K. Sam, P.B. Coppolillo, A.R. Sinclair and A. Balmford. 2004. Bushmeat hunting, wildlife declines, and fi sh supply in West Africa. Science 306(5699): 1180-1183. (Pubitemid 39488996)
10. Brooks, E.G.E., S.I. Roberton and D.J. Bell. 2010. The conservation impact of commercial wildlife farming of porcupines in Vietnam. Biological Conservation 143: 2808-2814.
11. Caspary, H.U. 2001. Regional dynamics of hunting and bushmeat utilization in West Africa -An overview. In: Hunting and bushmeat utilization in the African rain forest (eds. Bakarr, M.I., G.A.B. da Fonseca, C.G. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands and K.M. Painemilla). Pp. 11-16. Washington, DC: Conservation International.
12. Compton, J. and H.Q. Le. 1998. Borderline: A report on wildlife trade in Vietnam. Hanoi: WWF Indochina Programme.
13. Courchamp, F., E. Angulo, P. Rivalan, R.J. Hall, L. Signoret, L. Bull and Y. Meinard. 2006. Rarity value and species extinction: The anthropogenic allee effect. PLoS Biology 4(12): 2405-2410. (Pubitemid 44917629)
14. Cowlishaw, G., S. Mendelson and J.M. Rowcliffe. 2005. Structure and operation of a bushmeat commodity chain in southwestern Ghana. Conservation Biology 19(1): 139-149. (Pubitemid 40274148)
15. Craig, D. 2002. Familiar medicine: Everyday knowledge and practice in today's Vietnam. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
16. CWCA and WildAid. 2005. Report on the survey of wildlife consumption and public attitudes to wildlife consumption in China. Beijing: China Wildlife Conservation Association/WildAid.
17. Davis, D.S. 2000. Introduction: A revolution in consumption. In: The consumer revolution in urban China (ed. Davis, D.S.). Pp. 1-22. Berkeley: University of California Press.
18. de Merode, E., K. Homewood and G. Cowlishaw. 2004. The value of bushmeat and other wild foods to rural households living in extreme poverty in Democratic Republic of Congo. Biological Conservation 118(5): 573-581. (Pubitemid 38531860)
19. de Plessis, M.A., J.M. Hutton and B. Dickson 2000. CITES and the causes of extinction. In: Endangered species, threatened convention - The past, present and future of CITES. London: Earthscan.
20. Donovan, D. 2004. Cultural underpinnings of the wildlife trade in Southeast Asia. In: Wildlife in Asia: Cultural perspectives (ed. Knight, J.). Pp. 88-111. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
21. Douglas, M. and B. Isherwood 1979. The world of goods: Towards an anthropology of consumption. London and New York: Routledge.
22. Drummond, L.B.W. 2003. Popular television and images of urban life. In: Consuming urban culture in contemporary Vietnam (eds. Drummond, L.B.W. and M. Thomas). Pp. 155-169. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
23. Drury, R. 2009a. Understanding and identifying urban consumers of wild animal products in Hanoi, Vietnam: Implications for conservation management. Ph.D. thesis. University College London, London, UK.
24. Drury, R. 2009b. Reducing urban demand for wild animals in Vietnam: Examining the potential of wildlife farming as a conservation tool. Conservation Letters 2:263-270.
25. Drury, R., K. Homewood and S. Randall. 2010. Less is more: Qualitative and quantitative approaches in conservation research. Animal Conservation 14(1):18-24.
26. Duckworth, J.W., R.E. Salter and K. Khounboline. 1999. Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 status report. Vientiane, Lao PDR: IUCN.
27. East, T., N.F. Kumpel, E.J. Milner-Gulland and J.M. Rowcliffe. 2005. Determinants of urban bushmeat consumption in Rio Muni, Equatorial Guinea. Biological Conservation 126:206-215. (Pubitemid 41113247)
28. Evans, M.I. 1996. A contextual classifi cation of "intrinsically wild" food species. Biopolicy Journal 1 (1), Paper 3
29. Fa, J.E., C.A. Peres and J. Meeuwig. 2002. Bushmeat exploitation in tropical forests: An intercontinental comparison. Conservation Biology 16(1): 232-237. (Pubitemid 34190444)
30. Fforde, A. 2003. Vietnam - Culture and economy: Dyed-in-the-wool tigers? In: Consuming urban culture in contemporary Vietnam (eds. Drummond, L.B.W. and M. Thomas). Pp. 35-59. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
31. Fiddes, N. 1992. Meat:A natural symbol. London and New York: Routledge.
32. General Statistics Offi ce of Vietnam. 2006. Socio-economic statistical data of 671 districts, towns and cities under the authority of provinces in Vietnam. Hanoi: S.P. House.
33. Gratwicke, B., E.L. Bennett, S. Broad, S. Christie, A. Dutton, G. Gabriel, C. Kirkpatrick and K. Nowell. 2008. The world can't have wild tigers and eat them, too. Conservation Biology 22(1): 222-223. (Pubitemid 351197261)
34. Guo, Y. 2007. Behaviours, attitudes and values of wild meat consumers in Ghangzhou, China. M. Sc. thesis. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
35. Harris, R.B. 2008. Wildlife conservation in China: Preserving the habitat of China's wild west. New York and London: East Gate Books.
36. Hayden, B. 2003. Were luxury foods the fi rst domesticates? Ethnoarcheological perspectives from Southeast Asia. World Archeology 34(3): 458-469. (Pubitemid 36281131)
37. Highley, K. and S.C. Highley. (1994). Bear farming and trade in China and Taiwan. www.earthtrust.org/bear.html. Accessed on December 2, 2008.
38. Hilaluddin, R.K. and D. Ghose. 2005. Conservation implications of wild animal biomass extractions in Northeast India. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 28(2): 169-179. (Pubitemid 44419701)
39. Hobsbawm, E. and T. Ranger 1992. The invention of tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
40. Hoffman, L.C., K. Crafford, M. Muller and D.W. Schiutte. 2003. Perceptions and consumption of game meat by a group of tourists visiting South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 33: 125-130. (Pubitemid 38066121)
41. Hoffman, L.C. and E. Wiklund. 2006. Game and venison - the meat for the modern consumer. Meat Science 74: 197-208. (Pubitemid 43975218)
42. Jambiya, G., S.A.H. Milledge and N. Mtango. 2007. 'Night time spinach': Conservation and livelihood implications of wild meat use in refugee situations in north-western Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: TRAFFIC East/ Southern Africa.
43. Jelliffe, D.B. 1967. Parallel food classifi cations in developing and industrialised countries. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20(3): 279-281.
44. Kaul, R., J.S. Hilaluddin, J.S. Jandrotia and P.J.K. McGowan. 2004. Hunting of large mammals and pheasants in the Indian western Himalaya. Oryx 38(4): 426-431. (Pubitemid 43127453)
45. Kumpel, N.F. 2006. Incentives for sustainable hunting of bushmeat in Rio Muni, Equatorial Guinea. Ph.D. thesis. Imperial College and Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
46. Leon, P. and S. Montiel. 2008. Wild meat use and traditional hunting practices in a rural Mayan community of the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Human Ecology 36: 249-257. (Pubitemid 351419753)
47. Li, Z., H. Ning and S. Shan. 2008. Wildlife trade, consumption and conservation awareness in Southwest China. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 1493-1516.
48. Lin, J. 2005. Tackling Southeast Asia's illegal wildlife trade. Singapore Year Book of International Law and Contributors 9: 191-208.
49. Lo, V. (2005). Pharmacology, food and medicine in China. Lecture Series: 1-22. The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London, UK.
50. Matthews, S.H. 2005. Crafting qualitative research articles on marriages and families. Journal of Marriage and Family 67(November 2005): 799-808. (Pubitemid 43934783)
51. McGowan, P., W. Duckworth, X. Wen, S. van Balen, X. Yang, M. Khan, S. Hawa Yatim, L. Thanga, I. Steiwan and R. Kaul. 1998. A review of the status of the green peafowl Pavo muticus and recommendations for future action. Bird Conservation International 8: 331-348. (Pubitemid 29285577)
52. McNally, S. 2003. Bia om and karaoke: HIV and everyday life in urban Vietnam. In: Consuming urban culture in contemporary Vietnam (eds. Drummond, L.B.W. and M. Thomas). Pp. 110-122. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
53. Mendelson, S., G. Cowlishaw and J.M. Rowcliffe. 2003. Anatomy of a bushmeat commodity chain. Journal of Peasant Studies 31(1): 73-100.
54. Milius, S. 2005. Bushmeat on the menu: Untangling the infl uences of hunger, wealth, and international commerce. Science News 167(9): 138-140.
55. Nguyen, S.V. 2003. Wildlife trading in Vietnam: Why it fl ourishes. EEPSEA Research Reports, Tanglin, Singapore. 1-75.
56. Nguyen, S.V. 2008. Wildlife trading in Vietnam: Situation, causes and solutions. Journal of Environment and Development 17: 145-165.
57. Nooren, H. and G. Claridge 2000. Wildlife trade in Laos: The end of the game. Amsterdam: Netherlands Committee for the IUCN.
58. Peres, C.A. 2000. Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate comunity structure in Amazonain forests. Conservation Biology 14(1): 240-253. (Pubitemid 30187761)
59. Rabinowitz, A. 2001. Beyond the last village: A journey of discovery in Asia's forbidden wilderness. Washington, DC: Island Press.
60. Roberton, S. 2004. An assessment of the threats to the biodiversity of Phnong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Hanoi: Fauna & Flora International.
61. Roberton, S., V.T. Huyen, N.N. Nguyen, L. Ho, H.S. Le, Q. Nguyen, N.A. Vu, V.D. Le, X.T. Hoang, N. Vu, T and B. Long. 2004. The illegal wildlife trade in Quang Nam Province: Covert investigations by specially trained forest rangers. Hanoi: Quang Nam Forest Department & WWF Indochina.
62. Schenck, M., E.N. Effa, M. Styarkey, D. Wilkie, K. Abernethy, P. Telfer, R. Godoy and A. Treves. 2006. Why people eat bushmeat: Results from two-choice taste tests in Gabon, Central Africa. Human Ecology 34(3): 433-445. (Pubitemid 44288739)
63. SFNC. 2003. Hunting and trading wildlife: Investigation into the wildlife trade in and around Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An province, Vietnam. Social Forestry and Nature Conservation in Nghe An Province Project, Vinh City, Vietnam.
64. Shi, H. and J.F. Parham. 2000. Preliminary observations of a large turtle farm in Hainan province, People's Republic of China. Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter 3: 4-6.
65. Soucy, A. 2003. Pilgrims and pleasure-seekers. In: Consuming urban culture in contemporary Vietnam (eds. Drummond, L.B.W. and M. Thomas). Pp. 125-137. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
66. Stafford, C. 2006. Deception, corruption and the Chinese ritual economy. In: Consuming China: Approaches to cultural change in contemporary China (eds. Latham, K., M. Thompson and J. Klein). London and New York: Routledge
67. Taylor, P. 2004. Goddess on the rise: Pilgrimage and popular religion in Vietnam. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
68. Thomas, M. and L.B.W. Drummond. 2003. Introduction. In: Consuming urban culture in contemporary Vietnam (eds. Drummond, L.B.W. and M. Thomas). Pp. 1-18. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
69. TRAFFIC. 2008. What's driving the wildlife trade? A review of expert opinion on economic and social drivers of the wildlife trade and trade control efforts in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos and Vietnam. Washington, DC.
70. Truitt, A. 2008. On the back of a motorbike: Middle-class mobility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. American Ethnologist 35(1): 3-19.
71. Veblen, T. 1934. The theory of the leisure class. New York: Random House Inc.
72. Venkataraman, B. (Comps) 2007. A matter of attitude: The consumption of wildlife products in Hanoi, Viet Nam. Hanoi: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Greater Mekong Programme.
73. WCS. 2008. Commercial wildlife farms in Vietnam: A problem or a solution for conservation? Hanoi: Wildlife Conservation Society.
74. Weiss, R.A. 1994. Learning from strangers: The art and method of qualitative interview studies. New York: Free Press.
75. Weitzel, V. 2008. Mammal List. http://coombs.anu.edu.au/~vern/hnu/mammal- list.txt. Accessed on July 24, 2008.
76. Wilkie, D., M. Starkey, K. Abernethy, E. Nstame Effa, P. Telfer and R. Godoy. 2005. Role of prices and wealth in consumer demand for bushmeat in Gabon, Central Africa. Conservation Biology 19(1): 268-274. (Pubitemid 40274160)
77. Wong, N.Y. and A.C. Ahuvia. 1998. Personal taste and family face: Luxury consumption in Confucian and Western societies. Psychology & Marketing 15(5): 423-441. (Pubitemid 128185942)
78. World Bank. 2005. Going, going, gone: The illegal trade in wildlife in East and Southeast Asia. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
79. Wu, Y., Z. Yi, C. Fu, K. Ye and X. Bi. 2001. Analysis on the wildlife-eating condition in Guangzhou City after investigation. Journal of Guangzhou University (Science Edition) 15(2): 93-96.
80. Xu, L., M. Meng and F. Yin 2007. The wild meat trade in southern China. In: The state of wildlife trade in China: Information on the trade in wild animals and plants in China 2007 (eds. Xu, H. and C. Kirkpatrick). Beijing: TRAFFIC East Asia Programme.
81. Yang, M.M. 1994. Gifts, favors and banquets: The art of social relationships in China. London: Cornell University Press.
82. Zhang, L.J., H. Ning and S. Shan. 2008. Wildlife trade, consumption and conservation awareness in Southwest China. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 1493-1516.