Invited article: Dielectric material characterization techniques and designs of high-Q resonators for applications from micro to millimeter-waves frequencies applicable at room and cryogenic temperatures

Review of Scientific Instruments

Volumn 85, Issue 3, 2014, Pages

  Le Floch, Jean Michel ^a   Fan, Y ^a   Humbert, Georges ^b   Shan, Qingxiao ^a,c   Férachou, Denis ^b,d   Bara Maillet, Romain ^a   Aubourg, Michel ^b   Hartnett, John G ^a,e   Madrangeas, Valerie ^b   Cros, Dominique ^b   Blondy, Jean Marc ^b   Krupka, Jerzy ^f   Tobar, Michael E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   (France)

^c NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^f WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SOFTWARE; DIELECTRIC DEVICES;

CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; DIELECTRIC MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION; DIELECTRIC STRUCTURE; ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERIZATION; MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; MILLIMETER WAVE CIRCUITS; PRECISE MEASUREMENTS;

MILLIMETER WAVES;

EID: 84896914178     PISSN: 00346748     EISSN: 10897623     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.4867461     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. PETIT: ESA project-Compact high-performance filters for space application based on dielectric resonator technology, 2013, see http://telecom.esa.int/ telecom/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=32336.
2. G. Wibisono and T. Firmansyah, "Design of dielectric resonators oscillator for mobile WIMAX at 2.3 GHz with additional coupling lambda/4," in IEEE Region 10 Conference on TENCON (IEEE, 2011), pp. 489-493.
3. H. Khalil, S. Bila, M. Aubourg, D. Baillargeat, S. Verdeyme, and F. Jouve, "Shape and topology optimization of microwave components," in International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for Engineering Applications, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, 15-17 July 2009, pp. 275-278.
4. S. A. Vitusevich, K. Schieber, I. S. Ghosh, N. Klein, and M. Spinnler, "Design and characterization of an all-cryogenic low phase-noise sapphire K-band oscillator for satellite communication," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 51 (1), 163-169 (2003). 10.1109/TMTT.2002.806931
5. V. E. G. Walker, Ph.D. thesis, The University of Leeds, UK, 2003.
6. V. Walker and I. C. Hunter, "Design of triple mode TE01 delta resonator transmission," IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon. Lett. 12 (6), 215-217 (2002). 10.1109/LMWC.2002.1009999 (Pubitemid 34867241)
7. J. F. Liang and W. D. Blair, "High Q TEO, Mode DR filters for PCS wireless base stations," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 46, 2493-2500 (1998). 10.1109/22.739239 (Pubitemid 128738991)
8. C. Rieck, P. Jarlemark, R. Emardson, and K. Jaldehag, "Precision of time transfer using GPS carrier phase," in Proceedings of the 22nd EFTF, Toulouse, France, 23-25 April 2008.
9. F. Droz, P. Mosset, G. Barmaverain, P. Rochat, Q. Wang, M. Belloni, L. Mattioni, F. Emma, and P. Waller, "The on-board Galileo clocks: Current status and performance," in Proceedings of the 20th EFTF, Braunschweig, Germany, 27-30 March 2006.
10. V. Giordano, S. Grop, B. Dubois, P-Y. Bourgeois, Y. Kersale, G. Haye, V. Dolgovskiy, N. Bulcalovic, G. Di Domenico, S. Schilt, J. Chauvin, D. Valat, and E. Rubiola, "New-generation of cryogenic sapphire microwave oscillators for space, metrology, and scientific applications," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 085113 (2012). 10.1063/1.4747456
11. J. M. Le Floch, M. E. Tobar, D. Cros, and J. Krupka, "low-loss materials for high Q-factor microwave Bragg reflector resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 032901 (2008). 10.1063/1.2828025 (Pubitemid 351160626)
12. G. Marra, D. Henderson, and M. Oxborrow, "Frequency stability and phase noise of a pair of X-band cryogenic sapphire oscillators," Meas. Sci. Technol. 18, 1224-1228 (2007). 10.1088/0957-0233/18/5/008 (Pubitemid 46591475)
13. J. M. Le Floch, M. E. Tobar, D. Cros, and J. Krupka, "High Q-factor distributed Bragg reflector resonators with reflectors of arbitrary thickness," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 54, 2689-2695 (2007). 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.597 (Pubitemid 351618179)
14. J. M. Le Floch, M. E. Tobar, and D. Mouneyrac, "Discovery of Bragg confined hybrid modes with high Q factor in a hollow dielectric resonator," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 142907 (2007). 10.1063/1.2794413 (Pubitemid 47531540)
15. J. Krupka, M. E. Tobar, J. G. Hartnett, D. Cros, and J. M. Le Floch, "Extremely high Q-factor dielectric resonators for millimeter wave applications," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 53, 702-712 (2005). 10.1109/TMTT.2004.840572 (Pubitemid 40296471)
16. J. Krupka, A. Cwikla, R. N. Clarke, and M. E. Tobar, "High Q-factor microwave Fabry-Perot resonator with distributed Bragg reflectors," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 52, 1443-1451 (2005). 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1516015 (Pubitemid 41560453)
17. M. E. Tobar, J. M. Le Floch, D. Cros, and J. G. Hartnett, "Distributed Bragg reflector resonators with cylindrical symmetry and extremely high Q-factors," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 52, 17-26 (2005). 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1397346 (Pubitemid 40245471)
18. G. Cibiel, M. Regis, O. Llopis, A. Rennane, L. Bary, R. Plana, Y. Kersale, and V. Giordano, "Optimization of an ultra low-phase noise sapphire-SiGe HBT oscillator using nonlinear CAD," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 51 (1), 33-41 (2004). 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1268465
19. M. E. Tobar, J. M. Le Floch, D. Cros, J. Krupka, J. D. Anstie, and J. G. Hartnett, "Spherical Bragg reflector resonators," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 51, 1054-1059 (2004). 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1334838
20. A. G. Mann, C. Sheng, and A. N. Luiten, "Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high frequency stability," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50 (2), 519-521 (2001). 10.1109/19.918181 (Pubitemid 32444100)
21. C. A. Flory and H. L. Ko, "Microwave oscillators incorporating high performance distributed Bragg reflector resonators," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 45, 824-829 (1998). 10.1109/58.677746 (Pubitemid 128748742)
22. R. Comte, S. Gendraud, and P. Guillon, "New concept for low loss microwave devices," Electron. Lett. 30, 419-420 (1994). 10.1049/el:19940300
23. D. L. Creedon, K. Benmessai, M. E. Tobar, J. G. Hartnett, P-Y. Bourgeois, Y. Kersalé, J-M. Le Floch, and V. Giordano, "High-power solid-state sapphire whispering gallery mode maser," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 57 (3), 641-646 (2010). 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1460
24. D. G. Santiago, G. J. Dick, and A. Prata, "Mode control of cryogenic whispering-gallery mode sapphire dielectric-ring resonators," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 42 (1), 52-55 (1994). 10.1109/22.265527
25. M. M. Driscoll, J. T. Haynes, R. A. Jelen, R. W. Weinert, J. R. Gavaler, J. Talvacchio, G. R. Wagner, K. A. Zaki, and X.-P. Liang, "Cooled, ultrahigh Q, sapphire dielectric resonators for low-noise, microwave signal generation," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 39 (3), 405-411 (1992). 10.1109/58.143174
26. J. G. Harnett, N. R. Nand, C. Wang, and J-M. Le Floch, "Cryogenic sapphire oscillator using a low-vibration design pulse-tube cryocooler: First results," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 57 (5), 1034-1038 (2010). 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1515
27. S. Bize, P. Laurent, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, I. Maksimovic, L. Cacciapuoti et al., "Einstein, cold atom clocks and tests of fundamental theories," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38, S449-S468 (2005). 10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/002 (Pubitemid 40871831)
28. T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, F. Quinlan, J. Taylor, J. C. Bergquist, T. Rosenband, N. Lemke, A. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, C. W. Oates, and S. A. Diddams, "Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division," Nat. Photonics 5, 425-429 (2011). 10.1038/nphoton.2011.121
29. P. L. Stanwix, M. E. Tobar, P. Wolf, M. Susli, C. R. Locke, E. N. Ivanov et al., "Test of lorentz invariance in electrodynamics using rotating cryogenic sapphire microwave oscillators," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 040404 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.040404 (Pubitemid 41506189)
30. J. G. Hartnett, C. R. Locke, E. N. Ivanov, M. E. Tobar, and P. L. Stanwix, "Cryogenic sapphire oscillator with exceptionally high long-term frequency stability," Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 203513 (2006). 10.1063/1.2387969 (Pubitemid 44772534)
31. M. E. Tobar, E. N. Ivanov, P. L. Stanwix, J. M. Le Floch, and J. G. Hartnett, "Rotating odd-parity Lorentz invariance test in electrodynamics," Phys. Rev. D 80 (12), 125024 (2009). 10.1103/PhysRevD.80. 125024
32. J. M. Le Floch, R. Bara, J. G. Hartnett, M. E. Tobar, D. Mouneyrac, D. Passerieux, D. Cros, J. Krupka, P. Goy, and S. Caroopen, "Electromagnetic properties of polycrystalline diamond from 35K to room temperature and microwave to terahertz frequencies," J. Appl. Phys. 109, 094103 (2011). 10.1063/1.3580903
33. J. M. Le Floch, F. Houndonougbo, V. Madrangeas, D. Cros, M. Guilloux-Viry, and W. Peng, "Thin film materials characterisation using TE modes cavity," J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 23, 549-559 (2009). 10.1163/156939309787612293
34. B. Riddle, J. Baker-Jarvis, and M. D. Janezic, "Microwave characterization of semiconductors with a split-cylinder cavity," Meas. Sci. Technol. 19, 115701 (2008). 10.1088/0957-0233/19/11/115701
35. 3 at cryogenic temperatures," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 104111 (2005). 10.1063/1.1905789 (Pubitemid 40866108)
36. 3 ceramics revealed by the whispering-gallery mode technique," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 212908 (2005). 10.1063/1.2135379 (Pubitemid 41643382)
37. P. Koras, L. Usydus, and J. Krupka, "Automatic split post dielectric setup for measurements of substrates and thin conducting and ferroelectric films," Ferroelectrics 434 (1), 113-120 (2012). 10.1080/00150193.2012. 732779
38. U. C. Hasar and O. Simsek, "A calibration-independent microwave method for position-insensitive and nonsingular dielectric measurements of solid materials," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 075403 (2009). 10.1088/0022-3727/42/7/075403
39. A. A. Barannik, N. T. Cherpak, Y. V. Propenko, Y. F. Filipov, E. N. Shaforost, and I. A. Shipilova, "Two-layered disc quasi-optical dielectric resonators: Electrodynamics and application perspectives for complex permittivity measurements of lossy liquids," Meas. Sci. Technol. 18, 2231-2238 (2007). 10.1088/0957-0233/18/7/057 (Pubitemid 46950805)
40. A. A. Barannik, N. T. Cherpak, and D. E. Chuyko, "Q-factor measurement of quasi-optical dielectric resonators under conditions of the whispering gallery mode degeneration removal," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 55 (1), 70-73 (2006). 10.1109/TIM.2005.861500 (Pubitemid 43193092)
41. M. D. Janezic, E. F. Kuester, and J. Baker-Jarvis, "Broadband complex permittivity measurements of dielectric substrates using split-cylinder resonator," in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Fort Worth, Texas, 6-11 June 2004, pp. 1817-1820.
42. N. Nakayama, A. Fukuura, and M. Nishimura, "Millimetre-wave measurement of complex permittivity using dielectric rod resonator excited by NRD-guide," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 51 (1), 170-177 (2003). 10.1109/TMTT.2002.806932
43. J. Molla, "A dielectric property measurement system for this samples based on a resonant cavity with 3 dielectric regions," Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, 50-58 (2002). 10.1088/0957-0233/13/1/307 (Pubitemid 34063405)
44. O. Piquet, D. Cros, S. Verdeyme, P. Guillon, and M. E. Tobar, "New design of high-Q sapphire resonator with distributed Bragg reflector," in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Seattle, Washington, 2-7 June 2002.
45. J. Krupka, K. Derzakowski, M. E. Tobar, J. Hartnett, and R. G. Geyerk, "Complex permittivity of some ultralow loss dielectric crystals at cryogenic temperatures, Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 387-392 (1999). 10.1088/0957-0233/10/5/308 (Pubitemid 129539122)
46. E. K. Moser and K. Naishadham, "Dielectric resonators as microwave characterization tools," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 7 (2), 2018-2021 (1997). 10.1109/77.620986 (Pubitemid 127768059)
47. A. N. Luiten, A. G. Mann, and D. G. Blair, High-resolution measurement of temperature-dependance of the Q, coupling and resonant frequency of a microwave resonator," Meas. Sci. Technol. 7, 949-953 (1996). 10.1088/0957-0233/7/6/ 015
48. P. Siyushev, V. Jacques, I. Aharonovich, F. Kaiser, T. Müller, L. Lombez, M. Atatüre, S. Castelletto, S. Prawer, F. Jelezko, and J. Wrachtrup, "Low-temperature optical characterization of a near-infrared single-photon emitter source in nanodiamonds," New J. Phys. 11, 113029 (2009). 10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/113029
49. J. Molla, A. Ibarra, J. Margineda, J. M. Zamarro, and A. Hernández, "Dielectric property measurement system at cryogenic temperatures and microwave frequencies," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42 (4), 817-821 (1993). 10.1109/19.234491
50. J. M. Le Floch, J. D. Anstie, M. E. Tobar, J. G. Hartnett, P. Y. Bourgeois, and D. Cros, "Whispering modes in anisotropic and isotropic dielectric spherical resonators," Phys. Lett. A 359, 1-7 (2006). 10.1016/j.physleta.2006.05.086 (Pubitemid 44332837)
51. M. E. Tobar and A. G. Mann, "Resonant frequencies of higher order modes in cylindrical anisotropic dielectric resonators," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 39, 2077-2082 (1991). 10.1109/22.106549
52. J-M. Le Floch, Ph.D. thesis, Université de Limoges and The University of Western Australia, France and Australia, 2007, see http://epublications.unilim.fr/theses/2007/le-floch-jean-michel/ le-floch-jean-michel.pdf.
53. O. Piquet, Ph.D. thesis, Université de Limoges, France, 2002.
54. J. G. Hartnett, M. E. Tobar, J-M. Le Floch, J. Krupka, and P-Y. Bourgeois, "Anisotropic paramagnetic susceptibility of crystalline ruby at cryogenic temperature," Phys. Rev. B 75, 024415 (2007). 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.024415
55. P-Y. Bourgeois, Y. Kersalé, N. Bazin, M. Chaubet, and V. Giordano, "A cryogenic open-cavity sapphire reference oscillator with low spurious mode density," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 51 (10), 1232-1239 (2004). 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1350950
56. J. D. Anstie, J. G. Hartnett, M. E. Tobar, J. Winterflood, D. Cros, and J. Krupka, "Characterisation of a spherically symmetric fused-silica-loaded cavity microwave resonator," Meas. Sci. Tech. 14, 286-293 (2003). 10.1088/0957-0233/14/3/306 (Pubitemid 36380552)
57. O. Di Monaco, Y. Kersalé, and V. Giordano, "Resonance degeneration and spurious mode suppression in a cryogenic whispering gallery mode sapphire resonator," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 10 (9), 368-370 (2000). 10.1109/75.867853
58. D. C. Aveline, L. Baumgartel, B. Ahn, and N. Yu, "Focused ion beam engineered whispering gallery mode resonators with open cavity structure," Opt. Express 20 (16), 18091-18096 (2012). 10.1364/OE.20.018091
59. Y. F. Gui, W. B. Dou, P. G. Su, and K. Yin, "Improvement of open resonator technique for dielectric measurement at millimetre wavelengths," IET Microwaves Antennas Propag. 3,(7), 1036-1043 (2009). 10.1049/iet-map.2008. 0179
60. G. Annino, M. Cassettari, and M. Martinelli, "Open nonradiative cavities as millimetre wave single-mode resonators," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 (6), 064702 (2005). 10.1063/1.1929607 (Pubitemid 40834077)
61. W. W. Hansen, "A type of electrical resonator," J. Appl. Phys. 9, 654-663 (1938). 10.1063/1.1710371
62. W. W. Hansen, "On the resonant frequency of closed concentric lines," J. Appl. Phys. 10, 38-45 (1939). 10.1063/1.1707239
63. K. Fujisawa, "General treatment of klystron resonant Cavities," IRE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 6, 344-358 (1958). 10.1109/TMTT.1958.1125205
64. E. Rivier and M. Verge-Lapisardi, "Lumped parameters of a reentering cylindrical cavity," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 19, 309-314 (1971). 10.1109/TMTT.1971.1127504
65. M. Jaworski, "On the resonant frequency of a reentrant cylindrical cavity," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 26, 256-260 (1978). 10.1109/TMTT.1978.1129361 (Pubitemid 8602425)
66. M. B. Kelly and A. J. Sangster, "Design of cylindrical reentrant cavity resonators," IEE Colloquium on Effective Microwave CAD No. 377, 1997.
67. D. P. Howson, "Wide-gap re-entrant cavity resonators for 900-1500MHz," in IEE Proceeding on Microwaves Optics and Antennas, December 1984, p. 131.
68. L. J. Mittoni, N. P. Linthorne, A. G. Mann, and D. G. Blair, "Optimization of superconducting re-entrant cavities for transducer applications," J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 26, 804-809 (1993). 10.1088/0022-3727/26/5/013
69. K. Tsubono, M. Ohashi, and H. Hirakawa," Parametric transducer for gravitational radiation detector," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 25, 622-626 (1986). 10.1143/JJAP.25.622 (Pubitemid 16585616)
70. M. F. Bocko, W. W. Johnson, and V. Iafolla, "A RF superconducting electromechanical transducer for gravitational wave antennas," IEEE Trans. Magn. 25, 1358-1361 (1989). 10.1109/20.92845
71. A. Francik, "The microwave autodyne Gunn oscillator as a simple detector of EPR signal for food-irradiation dosimeter," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, Gdansk, Poland, 20-22 May 2002, pp. 103-106.
72. C. Simon, M. Luong, S. Chel, O. Napoly, J. Novo, D. Roudier, N. Rouviere, N. Baboi, N. Mildner, and D. Nolle, "Performance of a reentrant cavity beam position monitor," Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams 11, 082802 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.082802
73. A. J. C. Vieira, P. R. Herczfeld, A. Rosen, M. Ermold, E. E. Funk, W. D. Jemison, and K. J. Williams, "A mode-locked microchip laser optical transmitter for fiber radio," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 49, 1882-1887 (2001). 10.1109/22.954802 (Pubitemid 33008214)
74. F. Bordoni, L. Yinghua, B. Spataro, F. Feliciangeli, F. Vasarelli, G. Cardarilli, B. Antonini, and R. Scrimaglio, "A microwave scanning surface harmonic microscope using a re-entrant resonant cavity," Meas. Sci. Technol. 6, 1208-1214 (1995). 10.1088/0957-0233/6/8/017
75. J. Baker-Jarvis, R. G. Geyer, J. H. Grosvenor, M. D. Janezic, C. A. Jones, B. Riddle, C. M. Weil, and J. Krupka, "Dielectric characterization of low-loss materials," IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 5, 571-577 (1998). 10.1109/94.708274
76. A. Kaczkowski and A. Milewski, "High-Accuracy wide-range measurement method for determination of complex permittivity in reentrant cavity. A: Theoretical-analysis of the method," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 28, 225-228 (1980). 10.1109/TMTT.1980.1130045
77. J-M. Le Floch, Y. Fan, M. Aubourg, D. Cros, N. C. Carvalho, Q. Shan, J. Bourhill, E. N. Ivanov, G. Humbert, V. Madrangeas, and M. E. Tobar, "Rigorous analysis of highly tunable cylindrical transverse magnetic mode re-entrant cavities," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 (12), 125114 (2013). 10.1063/1.4848935
78. S. K. Remillard, A. Hardaway, B. Mork, J. Gilliland, and J. Gibbs, "Using a re-entrant microwave resonator to measure and model the dielectric breakdown electric field of gases," Prog. Electromagn. Res. B 15, 175-195 (2009). 10.2528/PIERB09041706
79. A. A. Barannik, S. A. Bunyaev, N. T. Cherpak, Y. V. Propenko, A. A. Kherchenko, and S. A. Vitusevich, "Whispering gallery mode hemisphere dielectric resonators with impedance plane, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 58 (10), 2682-2691 (2010). 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2065870
80. J. G. Hartnett, D. Mouneyrac, J-M. Le Floch, J. Krupka, M. E. Tobar, and D. Cros, "Modified permittivity observed in bulk gallium arsenide and gallium phosphide sampled at 50K using whispering gallery mode method," Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 (6), 062105 (2008). 10.1063/1.2969905
81. J. G. Hartnett, M. E. Tobar, E. N. Ivanov, and J. Krupka, "Room temperature measurement of the anisotropic loss tangent of sapphire using the whispering gallery mode technique," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Frequency Control. 53, 34-38 (2006). 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.1588389 (Pubitemid 43265785)
82. A. A. Barannik, Y. V. Prokopenko, Y. F. Filipov, N. T. Cherpak, and I. V. Korotash, "Q-factor of a millimeter-wave sapphire disk resonator with conductive end plates," Tech. Phys. 48 (5), 621-625 (2003). 10.1134/1.1576479 (Pubitemid 36630314)
83. K. Sudheendran, D. Pamu, M. Ghanashyam Krishna, and K. C. James Raju, "Determination of dielectric constant and loss of high-K thin films in the microwave frequencies, Measurement 43 (4), 556-562 (2010). 10.1016/j. measurement.2009.12.026
84. P. Queffelec, V. Laur, A. Chevalier, J-M. Le Floch, D. Passerieux, D. Cros, V. Madrangeas, A. Le Febvrier, S. Deputier, M. Guilloux-Viry, G. Houzet, T. Lacrevaz, C. Bermond, and B. Flechet, "Intercomparison of permittivity measurement techniques for ferroelectric thin layers," J. Appl. Phys. 115 (2), 024103 (2014). 10.1063/1.4858388
85. M. E. Tobar, E. N. Ivanov, J. G. Hartnett, and D. Cros, "High-Q frequency stable dual-mode whispering gallery sapphire resonator," in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Phoenix, Arizona, 20-25 May 2001, pp. 205-208. (Pubitemid 34078714)
86. B. W. Hakki and P. D. Coleman, "A dielectric resonator method of measuring inductive capacities in the millimetre range," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 8, 402-410 (1960). 10.1109/TMTT.1960.1124749
87. W. E. Courtney, "Analysis and evaluation of a method pf measuring the complex permittivity and permeability of microwave insulators," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 18, 476-485 (1970). 10.1109/TMTT.1970.1127271
88. IEC 61338, Sections 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 (1996-2003), Waveguide type dielectric resonators: Part 1. General information and test conditions-Section 3. Measurement method of complex permittivity for dielectric resonator materials at microwave frequency, see www.iec.ch.
89. J. Krupka, "Frequency domain complex permittivity measurements at microwave frequencies," Meas. Sci. Technol. 16, R1-R16 (2005). 10.1088/0957-0233/17/6/R01
90. Y. Kobayashi and M. Katoh, "Microwave measurement of dielectric properties of low-loss materials by the dielectric rod resonator method," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 33, 586-592 (1985). 10.1109/TMTT.1985.1133033 (Pubitemid 15597229)
91. J. Breeze, J. Krupka, A. Centeno, and N. McN. Alford, "Temperature-stable and high-Q factor TiO2 Bragg reflector resonator," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (8), 082906 (2009). 10.1063/1.3086877
92. Kagomiya, Y. Matsuda, K. Kakimoto, and H. Ohsato, "Microwave dielectric properties of YAG," Ferroelectrics 387 (1), 1-6 (2009). 10.1080/00150190902966016
93. 2-doped YAG ceramics," Ferroelectrics 407 (1), 69-74 (2010). 10.1080/00150193.2010.484726
94. N. A. Shtin, J. M. Lopez Romero, and E. Prokhorov, "Theory of fundamental microwave absorption in sapphire (α-Al203)," J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104115 (2009). 10.1063/1.3259433
95. X. Aupi, J. Breeze, N. Ljepojevic, L. J. Dunne, N. Malde, A.-K. Axelsson, and N. McN. Alford, "Microwave dielectric loss in oxides: Theory and experiment," J. Appl. Phys. 95 (5), 2639-2645 (2004). 10.1063/1.1605810
96. M. Kusunoki, M. Inadomaru, S. Ohshima, K. Aizawa, M. Mukaida, M. Lorenz, and H. Hochmuth, "Dielectric loss tangent of sapphire single crystal produced by edge-defined film-fed growth method," Physica C 377, 313-318 (2002). 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01282-5
97. N. McN. Alford, J. Breeze, X. Wang, S. J. Penn, S. Dalla, S. J. Webb, N. Ljepojevic, and X. Aupi, "Dielectric loss of oxide single crystals and polycrystalline analogues from 10 to 320K," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21, 2605-2611 (2001). 10.1016/S0955-2219(01)00324-7 (Pubitemid 33122262)
98. S. N. Buckley, P. Agnew, and G. P. Pells, "Cryogenic dielectric properties of sapphire at 2.45GHz, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27, 2203-2209 (1994). 10.1088/0022-3727/27/10/033
99. S. Castelletto, J. P. Harrison, L. Marseglia, A. C. Stanley-Clarke, B. C. Gibson, B. A. Fairchild, J. P. Hadden, Y-L. D. Ho, M. P. Hiscocks, K. Ganesan, S. T. Huntington, F. Ladouceur, A. D. Greentree, S. Prawer, J. L. O'Brien, and J. G. Rarity, "Diamond-based structures to collect and guide light," New J. Phys. 13, 025020 (2011). 10.1088/1367-2630/13/2/025020
100. P. St and J. Russell, "Photonic-crystal fibers," J. Ligthwave Tech. 24, 4729-4749 (2006). 10.1109/JLT.2006.885258 (Pubitemid 46350935)
101. G. Humbert, J-M. Le Floch, D. Mouneyrac, D. Ferachou, M. Aubourg, M. Tobar et al., "Hollow-core resonator based on out-of-plane two-dimensional photonic band-gap crystal cladding at microwave frequencies," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 051108 (2010). 10.1063/1.3303857
102. D. Ferachou, G. Humbert, J-M. Le Floch, M. Aubourg, J-L. Auguste, M. E. Tobar, D. Cros, and J-M. Blondy, "Compact hollow-core photonic band gap resonator with optimized metallic cavity at microwave frequencies," Electon. Lett. 47, 805-U92 (2011). 10.1049/el.2011.1308
103. F. Couny, H. Sabert, P. J. Roberts, D. P. Williams, A. Tomlinson, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, and P. St. J. Russel, "Visualizing the photonic band gap in hollow core photonic crystal fibers," Opt. Express 13 (2), 558-563 (2005). 10.1364/OPEX.13.000558 (Pubitemid 40224931)