The 'dark side' and 'bright side' of personality: When too much conscientiousness and too little anxiety are detrimental with respect to the acquisition of medical knowledge and skill

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

  Ferguson, Eamonn ^a   Semper, Heather ^b   Yates, Janet ^c   Fitzgerald, J Edward ^d   Skatova, Anya ^a   James, David ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b STAFFORDSHIRE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^d BARNET HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CONSCIENTIOUSNESS; EXTRAVERSION; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; LEARNING; LEARNING STYLE; MALE; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL PROFESSION; MEDICAL STUDENT; PERSONALITY; PREDICTION; PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE; PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE; PSYCHOMETRY; SKILL; YOUNG ADULT;

ANXIETY; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CONSCIENCE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; KNOWLEDGE; LEARNING; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PERSONALITY; STUDENTS, MEDICAL;

EID: 84896345960     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088606     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ferguson E (2013) Personality is of central concern to understand health: Towards a theoretical model for health psychology Health Psychol Rev 7: S32-S70.
2. Roberts BW, Kuneel NR, Shiner R, Caspi A, Goldberg LE (2007) The power of personality. Perspect Psychol Sci 2: 313-345.
3. Ozer DJ, Benet-Martinez V (2006) Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Ann Rev Psycho, 57: 401-421. (Pubitemid 43237238)
4. Borghans L, Duckworth AL, Heckman JJ, ter Weel B (2008) The economics and psychology of personality traits. J Hum Resour XLIII: 972-1059.
5. Dingemanse NJ, Kazem AJN, Reale D, Wright J (2010) Behavioral reaction norms: Animal personality meets individual plasticity. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 81-89.
6. Salgado JF (1997) The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European community. J Appl Psychol 82: 30-43.
7. Schmidt FL, Hunter J (1998) The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 year of research findings. Psychol Bull 124: 262-274.
8. Boyce C, Wood AM, Brown GDA (2010) The dark side of conscientiousness: Conscientious people experience greater drops in life satisfaction following unemployment. J Res Pers 44: 535-539.
9. Perkins AM, Ettinger U, Davis R, Foster R, Williams SCR, et al. (2009) Effects of lorazepam and citalopram on human defensive reactions: Ethopharmacological differentiation of fear and anxiety. J Neurosci 29: 12617-12624.
10. Back MD, Kufne ACP, DFufner M, Gerlach TM, Rauthmann JF, et al. (2013) Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. J Pers Soc Psychol 105: 1013-1037.
11. Nettle D (2006) The evolution of personality variation in humans and other animals. Am Psychol 61: 622-631.
12. Penke L, Denissen JJA, Miller GF (2007) The evolutionary genetics of personality. Euro J Pers 21: 549-587.
13. McManus IC, Woolf K, Darce J, Paice E, Dewberry C (2013) The academic backbone: Longitudinal continues in educational achievement from secondary school and medical school to MRCP(UK) and the specialist register in UK medical students and doctors. BMC Med 11: 242 (doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-242). Available: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/242. Accessed 2013 Nov 27.
14. Anderson JA (1982) Acquisition of cognitive skill. Psychol Bull 4: 369-406.
15. Woolf K, McxManus IC, Potts HWW, Darce J (2013) The mediators of minority ethnic underperformance in final medical examinations. Br J Educ Psychol 83: 135-159.
16. Patterson F, Ferguson E (2007) Selecting for Medical Education and Training. Edinburgh: Association for the Study of Medical Education (ASME). p31.
17. Ferguson E, James D, Madely L (2002) Factors associated with success in medical school: systematic review of the literature. BMJ 324: 952-957. (Pubitemid 34429877)
18. Patrick J (1992) Training: Research and Practice. London: Academic Press. p561.
19. Kraiger K, Ford JK, Salis E (1993) Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation. J Appl Psychol 78: 311-328.
20. Ferguson E, James D, O'Hehir F, Sanders A (2003) A pilot study of the roles of personality, references and personal statements in relation to performance over the 5 years of a medical degree. BMJ 326: 429-431. (Pubitemid 36246316)
21. Corballis MC (1965) Practice and the simplex. Psychol Rev 72: 399-406.
22. Ackerman PL (1997) Individual differences in skill learning: An integration of psychometric and information processing perspectives. Psychol Bull 102: 3-27.
23. Leivens F, Ones DZ, Dilchert S (2009) Personality scale validities increase throughout medical school. J Appl Psychol 94: 1514-1535.
24. Radcliffe C, Lester H (2003) Perceived stress during undergraduate medical training: A qualitative study. Med Educ 37: 32-38. (Pubitemid 36151559)
25. Ried W, Evans P, Duvall E (2012) Medical students' approaches to learning over a full degree programme. Med Educ Online 17: 17205: Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v17i0.17205. Accessed 2014 Jan 31.
26. Al Kadre HMF, Al-Moamary MS, Elzubair M, Magzoub ME, Al Mutairi A, et al. (2011) Exploring factors affecting undergraduate medical students' study strategies in the clinical years: a qualitative study. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Prac 16: 553-567.
27. Goldberg LR (1992) The development of the markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychol Assess 4: 26-42.
28. Widiger TA, Mullins-Sweatt SN (2008) Five-factor model of personality disorder: A proposal for DSM-V. Ann Rev Clin Psychol 5: 197-220.
29. Haslam N, Holland E, Kuppens P (2012) Categories versus dimensions in personality and psychpathology: A quantitative review of taxometric research. Psychol Med 42: 8903-920.
30. Ferguson E, Williams L, O'Connor R, Howard S, Hughes BM, et al. (2009) A Taxometric Analysis of Type-D Personality. Psychosom Med 71: 981-986.
31. Busato VV, Prins FJ, Elshout JJ, Hamaker C (1999) The relation between learning style, the big five personality traits and achievement motivation in higher education. Pers Ind Diff 26: 129-140. (Pubitemid 128344449)
32. McManus IC, Keeling A, Paice E (2004) Stress, burnout ad doctor's attitudes to work are determined by personality and learning styles: A twelve year longitudinal study of UK medical graduates. BMC Medicine 2: 29. DIO: 10.1186/1741-7015-2-29. Available: http://biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/2/29. Accessed 2013 Nov 27.
33. Doherty EM, Nugent E (2011) Personality factors and medical training: A review of the literature. Med Educ 45: 132-140.
34. Goff M, Ackerman PL (1992) Personality-Intelligence relations: Assessment of Typical Intellectual Engagement. J Educ Psychol 84: 537-552.
35. Volk S, Thoni C, Ruigrok W (2011) Personality, personal values and cooperation preferences in public goods games: A longitudinal study. Pers Ind Diffs 50: 810-815.
36. Nettle D, Liddle B (2008) Agreeableness is related to social-cognitive, but not social-perceptual, theory of mind. Eur J Pers 22: 323-335.
37. Patterson F, Ferguson E, Thomas S (2008) Using Job Analysis to Identify Core and Specific Competencies for Three Secondary Care Specialties: Implications for Selection and Recruitment. Med Educ 42: 1195-1204.
38. Chamorro-Premuzic T, Furnham A (2003) Personality predicts academic performance: Evidence from two longitudinal university samples. J Res Pers 37: 319-338. (Pubitemid 36952794)
39. McManus IC, Smithers E, Partridge P, Keeling A, Fleming PR (2003) A levels and intelligence as predictors of medical careers in UK doctors: 20 year prospective study. BMJ 327: 139-142. (Pubitemid 36876208)
40. Powis D, James D, Ferguson E (2007) Demographic and socio-economic associations with UCAS tariff scores in applicants to medical school. Med Educ 41: 242-249. (Pubitemid 46280570)
41. Ferguson E, Sanders A, O'Hehir F, James D (2000) Predictive validity of personal statements and the role of the five factor model of personality in relation to medical training. J Occup Organ Psychol 73: 321-344.
42. Woolf K, Potts HWW, McManus CI (2011) Ethnicity and academic performance in UK trained doctors and medical students: Systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 342: doi:10.1136/bmj.d901. Available: http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj. d901, Accessed 2014 Jan 31.
43. Cohen J (1992) A power Primer. Psychol Bull 112: 155-159.
44. Skatova AA (2011) Underpinnings of higher level motivational orientations. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham). p200.
45. Bore M, Munro D, Powis D (2009) A comprehensive model for the selection of medical students. Med Teach 31: 1066-1072.
46. Powis D, Bore M, Munro D, Lumsden MA (2005) Development of the Personal Qualities Assessment as a tool for selecting medical students. J Adult Contin Educ 11: 3-1.
47. Muthén LK, Muthén BO (1998-2010) Mplus user's guide. Sixth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. p750.
48. nd Ed). New York: LEA. p545.
49. Thoresen CJ, Bradley JC, Bliese PD, Thoresen JD (2004) The big five personality traits and individual job performance growth trajectories in maintenance and transition job stages. J Appl Psychol 89: 835-853. (Pubitemid 39443371)
50. Zyphur MJ, Bradley JC, Landis RS, Thoresen CJ (2008) The effects of cognitive ability and conscientiousness on performance over time: A censored latent growth model. Hum Perf 21: 1-27.
51. Zyphur MJ, Chaturvedi S, Avery RD (2008) Job performance over time is a function of latent trajectories and previous performance. J Appl Psychol 93: 217-224.
52. Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes on covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 6: 1-55.
53. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (1989) Applied logistic regression. New York: Wiley & Sons. p307.
54. McManus IC (2003) Commentary: How to derive causes from correlations in educational studies. BMJ 326: 432.
55. Eysenck HJ (1967) The biological basis of personality. Thomas: Springfield, Ill. p399.
56. Ackerman PL, Kanfer R, Goff M (1995) Cognitive and non-cognitive determinants and consequences of complex skill acquisition. J Exper Psychol: Appl 1: 270-304.
57. McManus IC, Powis DA, Wakeford R, Ferguson E, James DK, et al. (2005) Why intellectual aptitude test ate not useful for selecting UK medical students but A-levels could once more be effective. BMJ 331: 555-559.
58. Ferguson E, Kerrin M, Patterson F (1997) The use of multidimensional scaling (MDS): A cognitive mapping technique in occupational settings. J Manag Psychol 12: 204-214. (Pubitemid 127094334)
59. Green DW, McManus IC (1995) Cognitive structural models: The perception of risk and prevention in coronary heart disease. Br J Psychol 86: 321-336.
60. nd Ed). New York. Guildford Press. p268.