메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 294-304

Multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type: Clinical state of the art

Author keywords

Ataxia; Cerebellum; Idiopathic late onset cerebellar ataxia; Multiple system atrophy; Sporadic adult onset ataxia of unknown etiology

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BROMOCRIPTINE; DEXTROMETHORPHAN PLUS QUINIDINE; FLUDROCORTISONE; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; LEVODOPA; LISURIDE; MIDODRINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; OXYBUTYNIN; PERGOLIDE; PRIMIDONE; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; SCOPOLAMINE; THREO 3,4 DIHYDROXYPHENYLSERINE; TOLTERODINE; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL;

EID: 84896139916     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.25847     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (47)

References (139)
  • 1
    • 52449086856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
    • Gilman S, Wenning GK, Low PA, et al. Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2008;71:670-676.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 670-676
    • Gilman, S.1    Wenning, G.K.2    Low, P.A.3
  • 2
    • 0024474837 scopus 로고
    • Multipe system atrophy-the nature of the beast
    • Quinn N. Multipe system atrophy-the nature of the beast. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;Suppl:78-89.
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 78-89
    • Quinn, N.1
  • 3
    • 73449102917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in multiple system atrophy
    • Wenning GK, Stefanova N. Recent developments in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol 2009;256:1791-1808.
    • (2009) J Neurol , vol.256 , pp. 1791-1808
    • Wenning, G.K.1    Stefanova, N.2
  • 4
    • 0030695277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976 to 1990
    • Bower JH, Maraganore DM, McDonnell SK, Rocca WA. Incidence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976 to 1990. Neurology 1997;49:1284-1288.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1284-1288
    • Bower, J.H.1    Maraganore, D.M.2    McDonnell, S.K.3    Rocca, W.A.4
  • 5
    • 0033589692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional study
    • Schrag A, Ben Shlomo Y, Quinn NP. Prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 1999;354:1771-1775.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1771-1775
    • Schrag, A.1    Ben Shlomo, Y.2    Quinn, N.P.3
  • 7
    • 0028455092 scopus 로고
    • Survival of patients with multiple system atrophy
    • Saito Y, Matsuoka Y, Takahashi A, Ohno Y. Survival of patients with multiple system atrophy. Intern Med 1994;33:321-325.
    • (1994) Intern Med , vol.33 , pp. 321-325
    • Saito, Y.1    Matsuoka, Y.2    Takahashi, A.3    Ohno, Y.4
  • 9
    • 0024843373 scopus 로고
    • Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the CNS of patients with multiple system atrophy (striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and Shy-Drager syndrome)
    • Papp MI, Kahn JE, Lantos PL. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the CNS of patients with multiple system atrophy (striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and Shy-Drager syndrome). J Neurol Sci 1989;94(1-3):79-100.
    • (1989) J Neurol Sci , vol.94 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 79-100
    • Papp, M.I.1    Kahn, J.E.2    Lantos, P.L.3
  • 10
    • 0032546895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy
    • Wakabayashi K, Yoshimoto M, Tsuji S, Takahashi H. Alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. Neurosci Lett 1998;249(2-3):180-182.
    • (1998) Neurosci Lett , vol.249 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 180-182
    • Wakabayashi, K.1    Yoshimoto, M.2    Tsuji, S.3    Takahashi, H.4
  • 11
    • 0031713491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in white matter oligodendrocytes of multiple system atrophy brains contain insoluble alpha-synuclein
    • Tu PH, Galvin JE, Baba M, et al. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in white matter oligodendrocytes of multiple system atrophy brains contain insoluble alpha-synuclein. Ann Neurol 1998;44:415-422.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 415-422
    • Tu, P.H.1    Galvin, J.E.2    Baba, M.3
  • 12
    • 0032584686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filamentous alpha-synuclein inclusions link multiple system atrophy with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
    • Spillantini MG, Crowther RA, Jakes R, et al. Filamentous alpha-synuclein inclusions link multiple system atrophy with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurosci Lett 1998;251:205-208.
    • (1998) Neurosci Lett , vol.251 , pp. 205-208
    • Spillantini, M.G.1    Crowther, R.A.2    Jakes, R.3
  • 13
    • 27744545323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Multiple System Atrophy-Study Group (EMSA-SG)
    • Geser F, Seppi K, Stampfer-Kountchev M, et al. The European Multiple System Atrophy-Study Group (EMSA-SG). J Neural Transm 2005;112:1677-1686.
    • (2005) J Neural Transm , vol.112 , pp. 1677-1686
    • Geser, F.1    Seppi, K.2    Stampfer-Kountchev, M.3
  • 14
    • 38549085666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential outcome measures and trial design issues for multiple system atrophy
    • May S, Gilman S, Sowell BB, et al. Potential outcome measures and trial design issues for multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2007;22:2371-2377.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 2371-2377
    • May, S.1    Gilman, S.2    Sowell, B.B.3
  • 15
    • 27744600040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American Multiple System Atrophy Study Group
    • Gilman S, May SJ, Shults CW, et al. The North American Multiple System Atrophy Study Group. J Neural Transm 2005;112:1687-1694.
    • (2005) J Neural Transm , vol.112 , pp. 1687-1694
    • Gilman, S.1    May, S.J.2    Shults, C.W.3
  • 16
    • 84872729641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology [serial online]
    • Dickson DW. Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: neuropathology [serial online]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012;2;a009258.
    • (2012) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med , vol.2
    • Dickson, D.W.1
  • 17
    • 0001302675 scopus 로고
    • Thomas A. L'atrophie olivo-ponto-cerebelleuse
    • Dejerine J, Thomas A. L'atrophie olivo-ponto-cerebelleuse. Nouv Icon Salpetriere 1900;13:330-370.
    • (1900) Nouv Icon Salpetriere , vol.13 , pp. 330-370
    • Dejerine, J.1
  • 19
    • 72849160194 scopus 로고
    • A neurological syndrome associated with orthostatic hypotension: a clinical-pathologic study
    • Shy GM, Drager GA. A neurological syndrome associated with orthostatic hypotension: a clinical-pathologic study. Arch Neurol 1960;2:511-527.
    • (1960) Arch Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 511-527
    • Shy, G.M.1    Drager, G.A.2
  • 20
    • 84923949767 scopus 로고
    • Dégénérescences nigro-striées et cerebello-nigro-striées
    • Adams R, van Bogaert L, van der Eecken H. Dégénérescences nigro-striées et cerebello-nigro-striées. Psychiat Neurol 1961;142:219-232.
    • (1961) Psychiat Neurol , vol.142 , pp. 219-232
    • Adams, R.1    van Bogaert, L.2    van der Eecken, H.3
  • 21
    • 0014469501 scopus 로고
    • Orthostatic hypotension and nicotine sensitivity in a case of multiple system atrophy
    • Graham JG, Oppenheimer DR. Orthostatic hypotension and nicotine sensitivity in a case of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1969;32:28-34.
    • (1969) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 28-34
    • Graham, J.G.1    Oppenheimer, D.R.2
  • 22
    • 84860603741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of multiple system atrophy
    • Fernagut P-O, Tison F. Animal models of multiple system atrophy. Neuroscience 2012;211:77-82.
    • (2012) Neuroscience , vol.211 , pp. 77-82
    • Fernagut, P.-O.1    Tison, F.2
  • 23
    • 0031715398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NACP/alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in fibrillary components of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in the pontine nuclei in multiple system atrophy
    • Arima K, Ueda K, Sunohara N, et al. NACP/alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in fibrillary components of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in the pontine nuclei in multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol 1998;96:439-444.
    • (1998) Acta Neuropathol , vol.96 , pp. 439-444
    • Arima, K.1    Ueda, K.2    Sunohara, N.3
  • 24
    • 0035409575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases
    • Goedert M. Alpha-synuclein and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001;2:492-501.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 492-501
    • Goedert, M.1
  • 25
    • 0035031135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease and other alpha-synucleinopathies
    • Goedert M. Parkinson's disease and other alpha-synucleinopathies. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001;39:308-312.
    • (2001) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.39 , pp. 308-312
    • Goedert, M.1
  • 26
    • 0033081705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
    • Gilman S, Low PA, Quinn N, et al. Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Sci 1999;163:94-98.
    • (1999) J Neurol Sci , vol.163 , pp. 94-98
    • Gilman, S.1    Low, P.A.2    Quinn, N.3
  • 27
    • 0032951487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple system atrophy: the putative causative role of environmental toxins
    • Hanna PA, Jankovic J, Kirkpatrick JB. Multiple system atrophy: the putative causative role of environmental toxins. Arch Neurol 1999;56:90-94.
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 90-94
    • Hanna, P.A.1    Jankovic, J.2    Kirkpatrick, J.B.3
  • 28
    • 34247168008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplex families with multiple system atrophy
    • Hara K, Momose Y, Tokiguchi S, et al. Multiplex families with multiple system atrophy. Arch Neurol 2007;64:545-551.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 545-551
    • Hara, K.1    Momose, Y.2    Tokiguchi, S.3
  • 30
    • 84856710032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probable hereditary multiple system atrophy-autonomic (MSA-A) in a family in the United States
    • Hohler AD, Singh VJ. Probable hereditary multiple system atrophy-autonomic (MSA-A) in a family in the United States. J Clin Neurosci 2012;19:479-480.
    • (2012) J Clin Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 479-480
    • Hohler, A.D.1    Singh, V.J.2
  • 31
    • 84880440278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in COQ2 in familial and sporadic multiple-system atrophy
    • The Multiple-System Atrophy Research Collaboration.
    • The Multiple-System Atrophy Research Collaboration. Mutations in COQ2 in familial and sporadic multiple-system atrophy. N Engl J Med 2013;369:233-244.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 233-244
  • 32
    • 72049115219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic ataxia with adult onset: classification and diagnostic criteria
    • Klockgether T. Sporadic ataxia with adult onset: classification and diagnostic criteria. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:94-104.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 94-104
    • Klockgether, T.1
  • 33
    • 84878629579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manto M, Schmahmann JD, Rossi F, Gruol DL, Koibuchi N, eds, New York: Springer.
    • Manto M, Schmahmann JD, Rossi F, Gruol DL, Koibuchi N, eds. Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. New York: Springer; 2012.
    • (2012) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders
  • 34
    • 70449924195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraneoplastic movement disorders
    • Grant R, Graus F. Paraneoplastic movement disorders. Mov Disord 2009;24:1715-1724.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 1715-1724
    • Grant, R.1    Graus, F.2
  • 35
    • 0035112661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar ataxia with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: study of 14 patients
    • Honnorat J, Saiz A, Giometto B, et al. Cerebellar ataxia with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: study of 14 patients. Arch Neurol 2001;58:225-230.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 225-230
    • Honnorat, J.1    Saiz, A.2    Giometto, B.3
  • 36
    • 0032517527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and neuropathological characteristics of gluten ataxia
    • Hadjivassiliou M, Grunewald RA, Chattopadhyay AK, et al. Clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and neuropathological characteristics of gluten ataxia. Lancet 1998;352:1582-1585.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1582-1585
    • Hadjivassiliou, M.1    Grunewald, R.A.2    Chattopadhyay, A.K.3
  • 37
    • 0037512408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antigliadin antibodies in ataxia patients
    • Abele M, Schols L, Schwartz S, Klockgether T. Prevalence of antigliadin antibodies in ataxia patients. Neurology 2003;60:1674-1675.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1674-1675
    • Abele, M.1    Schols, L.2    Schwartz, S.3    Klockgether, T.4
  • 38
    • 0035073180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gluten sensitivity in sporadic and hereditary cerebellar ataxia
    • Bushara KO, Goebel SU, Shill H, et al. Gluten sensitivity in sporadic and hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Ann Neurol 2001;49:540-543.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 540-543
    • Bushara, K.O.1    Goebel, S.U.2    Shill, H.3
  • 39
    • 84864809221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute cerebellar ataxia due to Epstein-Barr virus
    • McCarthy CL, McColgan P, Martin P. Acute cerebellar ataxia due to Epstein-Barr virus. Pract Neurol 2012;12:238-240.
    • (2012) Pract Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 238-240
    • McCarthy, C.L.1    McColgan, P.2    Martin, P.3
  • 40
    • 84884529889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 30-2013. A 19-year-old man with otalgia, slurred speech, and ataxia
    • Cho TA, Schmahmann JD, Cunnane ME. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 30-2013. A 19-year-old man with otalgia, slurred speech, and ataxia. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1253-1261.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 1253-1261
    • Cho, T.A.1    Schmahmann, J.D.2    Cunnane, M.E.3
  • 41
    • 84868247065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hashimoto's encephalopathy as a treatable adult-onset cerebellar ataxia mimicking spinocerebellar degeneration
    • Matsunaga A, Ikawa M, Fujii A, et al. Hashimoto's encephalopathy as a treatable adult-onset cerebellar ataxia mimicking spinocerebellar degeneration. Psychiatr Neurol 2013;69:14-20.
    • (2013) Psychiatr Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 14-20
    • Matsunaga, A.1    Ikawa, M.2    Fujii, A.3
  • 42
    • 84872502054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute-onset cerebellar symptoms in Lhermitte-Duclos disease: case report
    • Hariri OR, Khachekian A, Muilli D, et al. Acute-onset cerebellar symptoms in Lhermitte-Duclos disease: case report. Cerebellum 2013;12:127-130.
    • (2013) Cerebellum , vol.12 , pp. 127-130
    • Hariri, O.R.1    Khachekian, A.2    Muilli, D.3
  • 43
    • 6044239318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar syndromes as a late presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
    • Riyadh.
    • Mousali YM, Obeid T, Alshamy AM, Abdullah LS. Cerebellar syndromes as a late presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2004;9:309-311.
    • (2004) Neurosciences , vol.9 , pp. 309-311
    • Mousali, Y.M.1    Obeid, T.2    Alshamy, A.M.3    Abdullah, L.S.4
  • 44
    • 0029101315 scopus 로고
    • Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system
    • Fearnley JM, Stevens JM, Rudge P. Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system. Brain 1995;118 (pt 4):1051-1066.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 1051-1066
    • Fearnley, J.M.1    Stevens, J.M.2    Rudge, P.3
  • 45
    • 18744369920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and social impairments in patients with superficial siderosis
    • van Harskamp NJ, Rudge P, Cipolotti L. Cognitive and social impairments in patients with superficial siderosis. Brain 2005;128(pt 5):1082-1092.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 1082-1092
    • van Harskamp, N.J.1    Rudge, P.2    Cipolotti, L.3
  • 47
    • 84883559735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor and extracerebellar features in Machado-Joseph disease: a review
    • Pedroso JL, França MC, Braga-Neto P, et al. Nonmotor and extracerebellar features in Machado-Joseph disease: a review. Mov Disord 2013;28:1200-1208.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 1200-1208
    • Pedroso, J.L.1    França, M.C.2    Braga-Neto, P.3
  • 48
    • 84872502208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: clinical presentation, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives
    • Magana JJ, Velazquez-Perez L, Cisneros B. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: clinical presentation, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2013;47:90-104.
    • (2013) Mol Neurobiol , vol.47 , pp. 90-104
    • Magana, J.J.1    Velazquez-Perez, L.2    Cisneros, B.3
  • 49
    • 0035838379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intention tremor, parkinsonism, and generalized brain atrophy in male carriers of fragile X
    • Hagerman RJ, Leehey M, Heinrichs W, et al. Intention tremor, parkinsonism, and generalized brain atrophy in male carriers of fragile X. Neurology 2001;57:127-130.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 127-130
    • Hagerman, R.J.1    Leehey, M.2    Heinrichs, W.3
  • 50
    • 0038754166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tremor and ataxia in fragile X premutation carriers: blinded videotape study
    • Berry-Kravis E, Lewin F, Wuu J, et al. Tremor and ataxia in fragile X premutation carriers: blinded videotape study. Ann Neurol 2003;53:616-623.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 616-623
    • Berry-Kravis, E.1    Lewin, F.2    Wuu, J.3
  • 51
    • 0037384643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragile X premutation tremor/ataxia syndrome: molecular, clinical, and neuroimaging correlates
    • Jacquemont S, Hagerman RJ, Leehey M, et al. Fragile X premutation tremor/ataxia syndrome: molecular, clinical, and neuroimaging correlates. Am J Hum Genet 2003;72:869-878.
    • (2003) Am J Hum Genet , vol.72 , pp. 869-878
    • Jacquemont, S.1    Hagerman, R.J.2    Leehey, M.3
  • 52
    • 23444442557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: data from the EMSA Study Group
    • Kamm C, Healy DG, Quinn NP, et al. The fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome in the differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: data from the EMSA Study Group. Brain 2005;128(pt 8):1855-1860.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 1855-1860
    • Kamm, C.1    Healy, D.G.2    Quinn, N.P.3
  • 53
    • 79952814526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friedreich's ataxia: pathology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics
    • Koeppen AH. Friedreich's ataxia: pathology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics. J Neurol Sci 2011;303(1-2):1-12.
    • (2011) J Neurol Sci , vol.303 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-12
    • Koeppen, A.H.1
  • 54
    • 33750984197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olivopontocerebellar atrophy: toward a better nosological definition
    • Berciano J, Boesch S, Perez-Ramos JM, Wenning GK. Olivopontocerebellar atrophy: toward a better nosological definition. Mov Disord 2006;21:1607-1613.
    • (2006) Mov Disord , vol.21 , pp. 1607-1613
    • Berciano, J.1    Boesch, S.2    Perez-Ramos, J.M.3    Wenning, G.K.4
  • 55
    • 34547805522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and genetic study of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1
    • Dupre N, Gros-Louis F, Chrestian N, et al. Clinical and genetic study of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1. Ann Neurol 2007;62:93-98.
    • (2007) Ann Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 93-98
    • Dupre, N.1    Gros-Louis, F.2    Chrestian, N.3
  • 56
    • 70349957925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2: clinical, biological and genotype/phenotype correlation study of a cohort of 90 patients
    • Anheim M, Monga B, Fleury M, et al. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2: clinical, biological and genotype/phenotype correlation study of a cohort of 90 patients. Brain 2009;132(pt 10):2688-2698.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , Issue.PART 10 , pp. 2688-2698
    • Anheim, M.1    Monga, B.2    Fleury, M.3
  • 57
    • 84877935385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ataxia, dementia, and hypogonadotropism caused by disordered ubiquitination
    • Margolin DH, Kousi M, Chan Y-M, et al. Ataxia, dementia, and hypogonadotropism caused by disordered ubiquitination. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1992-2003.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 1992-2003
    • Margolin, D.H.1    Kousi, M.2    Chan, Y.-M.3
  • 58
    • 77955574455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the DBP-deficiency protein HSD17B4 cause ovarian dysgenesis, hearing loss, and ataxia of Perrault syndrome
    • Pierce SB, Walsh T, Chisholm KM, et al. Mutations in the DBP-deficiency protein HSD17B4 cause ovarian dysgenesis, hearing loss, and ataxia of Perrault syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2010;87:282-288.
    • (2010) Am J Hum Genet , vol.87 , pp. 282-288
    • Pierce, S.B.1    Walsh, T.2    Chisholm, K.M.3
  • 59
    • 84855449720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical case of Wolfram syndrome revealed through targeted exome sequencing in a patient with suspected mitochondrial disease [serial online]
    • Lieber DS, Vafai SB, Horton LC, et al. Atypical case of Wolfram syndrome revealed through targeted exome sequencing in a patient with suspected mitochondrial disease [serial online]. BMC Med Genet 2012;13:3.
    • (2012) BMC Med Genet , vol.13 , pp. 3
    • Lieber, D.S.1    Vafai, S.B.2    Horton, L.C.3
  • 60
    • 0019484086 scopus 로고
    • "Idiopathic" late onset cerebellar ataxia. A clinical and genetic study of 36 cases
    • Harding AE. "Idiopathic" late onset cerebellar ataxia. A clinical and genetic study of 36 cases. J Neurol Sci 1981;5:259-271.
    • (1981) J Neurol Sci , vol.5 , pp. 259-271
    • Harding, A.E.1
  • 61
    • 0033811949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic background of apparently idiopathic sporadic cerebellar ataxia
    • Schols L, Szymanski S, Peters S, et al. Genetic background of apparently idiopathic sporadic cerebellar ataxia. Hum Genet 2000;107:132-137.
    • (2000) Hum Genet , vol.107 , pp. 132-137
    • Schols, L.1    Szymanski, S.2    Peters, S.3
  • 62
    • 0036238233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aetiology of sporadic adult-onset ataxia
    • Abele M, Burk K, Schols L, et al. The aetiology of sporadic adult-onset ataxia. Brain 2002;125(pt 5):961-968.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 961-968
    • Abele, M.1    Burk, K.2    Schols, L.3
  • 63
    • 27644473572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-onset pure cerebellar ataxia: differentiating those with and without identifiable mutations
    • Kerber KA, Jen JC, Perlman S, Baloh RW. Late-onset pure cerebellar ataxia: differentiating those with and without identifiable mutations. J Neurol Sci 2005;238(1-2):41-45.
    • (2005) J Neurol Sci , vol.238 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 41-45
    • Kerber, K.A.1    Jen, J.C.2    Perlman, S.3    Baloh, R.W.4
  • 64
    • 19944425949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FMR1 gene premutation is a frequent genetic cause of late-onset sporadic cerebellar ataxia
    • Brussino A, Gellera C, Saluto A, et al. FMR1 gene premutation is a frequent genetic cause of late-onset sporadic cerebellar ataxia. Neurology 2005;64:145-147.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 145-147
    • Brussino, A.1    Gellera, C.2    Saluto, A.3
  • 65
    • 67349211531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic aetiology of late-onset chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia. A population-based study
    • Wardle M, Majounie E, Muzaimi MB, et al. The genetic aetiology of late-onset chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia. A population-based study. J Neurol 2009;256:343-348.
    • (2009) J Neurol , vol.256 , pp. 343-348
    • Wardle, M.1    Majounie, E.2    Muzaimi, M.B.3
  • 67
    • 0027405101 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in hereditary and idiopathic ataxia
    • Wullner U, Klockgether T, Petersen D, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in hereditary and idiopathic ataxia. Neurology 1993;43:318-325.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 318-325
    • Wullner, U.1    Klockgether, T.2    Petersen, D.3
  • 68
    • 3442875652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population based study of late onset cerebellar ataxia in south east Wales
    • Muzaimi MB, Thomas J, Palmer-Smith S, et al. Population based study of late onset cerebellar ataxia in south east Wales. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1129-1134.
    • (2004) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.75 , pp. 1129-1134
    • Muzaimi, M.B.1    Thomas, J.2    Palmer-Smith, S.3
  • 69
    • 37549000574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of cerebello-olivary degeneration in idiopathic late cortical cerebellar atrophy: clinicopathological study of four autopsy cases
    • Ota S, Tsuchiya K, Anno M, et al. Distribution of cerebello-olivary degeneration in idiopathic late cortical cerebellar atrophy: clinicopathological study of four autopsy cases. Neuropathology 2008;28:43-50.
    • (2008) Neuropathology , vol.28 , pp. 43-50
    • Ota, S.1    Tsuchiya, K.2    Anno, M.3
  • 70
    • 0344542052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for idiopathic cerebellar ataxia of late onset
    • Klockgether T, Burk K, Wullner U, et al. Risk factors for idiopathic cerebellar ataxia of late onset. J Neurol Sci 1998;160:171-174.
    • (1998) J Neurol Sci , vol.160 , pp. 171-174
    • Klockgether, T.1    Burk, K.2    Wullner, U.3
  • 71
    • 36148990665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic adult onset ataxia of unknown etiology
    • Abele M, Minnerop M, Urbach H, et al. Sporadic adult onset ataxia of unknown etiology. J Neurol 2007;254:1384-1389.
    • (2007) J Neurol , vol.254 , pp. 1384-1389
    • Abele, M.1    Minnerop, M.2    Urbach, H.3
  • 72
    • 0020076144 scopus 로고
    • Olivopontocerebellar atrophy. A review of 117 cases
    • Berciano J. Olivopontocerebellar atrophy. A review of 117 cases. J Neurol Sci 1982;53:253-272.
    • (1982) J Neurol Sci , vol.53 , pp. 253-272
    • Berciano, J.1
  • 73
    • 9144246374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI-based volumetric differentiation of sporadic cerebellar ataxia
    • Burk K, Globas C, Wahl T, et al. MRI-based volumetric differentiation of sporadic cerebellar ataxia. Brain 2004;127(pt 1):175-181.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 175-181
    • Burk, K.1    Globas, C.2    Wahl, T.3
  • 74
    • 0033837087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy into multiple system atrophy
    • Gilman S, Little R, Johanns J, et al. Evolution of sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy into multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2000;55:527-532.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 527-532
    • Gilman, S.1    Little, R.2    Johanns, J.3
  • 75
    • 0031023832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar presentation of multiple system atrophy
    • Wenning GK, Kraft E, Beck RW, et al. Cerebellar presentation of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 1997;12:115-117.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 115-117
    • Wenning, G.K.1    Kraft, E.2    Beck, R.W.3
  • 76
    • 28144460717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When is Onuf's nucleus involved in multiple system atrophy? A sphincter electromyography study
    • Yamamoto T, Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, et al. When is Onuf's nucleus involved in multiple system atrophy? A sphincter electromyography study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:1645-1648.
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 1645-1648
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Sakakibara, R.2    Uchiyama, T.3
  • 77
    • 0034019039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anal sphincter EMG does not distinguish between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease
    • Giladi N, Simon ES, Korczyn AD, et al. Anal sphincter EMG does not distinguish between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. Muscle Nerve 2000;23:731-734.
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve , vol.23 , pp. 731-734
    • Giladi, N.1    Simon, E.S.2    Korczyn, A.D.3
  • 78
    • 0035412947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sphincter EMG and differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
    • Vodusek DB. Sphincter EMG and differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2001;16:600-607.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 600-607
    • Vodusek, D.B.1
  • 79
    • 79953806386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary symptoms and urodynamic findings in patients with Machado-Joseph disease
    • Musegante AFA, Almeida PNS, Barboza AL, Barroso U. Urinary symptoms and urodynamic findings in patients with Machado-Joseph disease. J Neurol 2011;258:623-626.
    • (2011) J Neurol , vol.258 , pp. 623-626
    • Musegante, A.F.A.1    Almeida, P.N.S.2    Barboza, A.L.3    Barroso, U.4
  • 80
    • 0842348231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower urinary tract dysfunction in Machado-Joseph disease: a study of 11 clinical-urodynamic observations
    • Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Arai K, et al. Lower urinary tract dysfunction in Machado-Joseph disease: a study of 11 clinical-urodynamic observations. J Neurol Sci 2004;218(1-2):67-72.
    • (2004) J Neurol Sci , vol.218 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 67-72
    • Sakakibara, R.1    Uchiyama, T.2    Arai, K.3
  • 82
    • 20844439855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of sporadic cerebellar ataxia
    • Burk K, Buhring U, Schulz JB, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of sporadic cerebellar ataxia. Arch Neurol 2005;62:981-985.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 981-985
    • Burk, K.1    Buhring, U.2    Schulz, J.B.3
  • 83
    • 79955863505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor presentations of multiple system atrophy
    • Colosimo C. Nonmotor presentations of multiple system atrophy. Nat Rev Neurol 2011;7:295-298.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 295-298
    • Colosimo, C.1
  • 85
    • 79961140109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine imaging in ataxias
    • Mascalchi M, Vella A. Magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine imaging in ataxias. Handb Clin Neurol 2012;103:85-110.
    • (2012) Handb Clin Neurol , vol.103 , pp. 85-110
    • Mascalchi, M.1    Vella, A.2
  • 86
    • 67651146706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging Working Group on MSA. Proposed neuroimaging criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
    • Brooks DJ, Seppi K; Neuroimaging Working Group on MSA. Proposed neuroimaging criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2009;24:949-964.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 949-964
    • Brooks, D.J.1    Seppi, K.2
  • 87
    • 0028631057 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study of extrapyramidal symptoms in multiple system atrophy
    • Konagaya M, Konagaya Y, Iida M. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study of extrapyramidal symptoms in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:1528-1531.
    • (1994) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1528-1531
    • Konagaya, M.1    Konagaya, Y.2    Iida, M.3
  • 88
    • 0036943580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristic MRI findings in multiple system atrophy: comparison of the three subtypes
    • Naka H, Ohshita T, Murata Y, et al. Characteristic MRI findings in multiple system atrophy: comparison of the three subtypes. Neuroradiology 2002;44:204-209.
    • (2002) Neuroradiology , vol.44 , pp. 204-209
    • Naka, H.1    Ohshita, T.2    Murata, Y.3
  • 89
    • 0031813412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple system atrophy
    • Schrag A, Kingsley D, Phatouros C, et al. Clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;65:65-71.
    • (1998) J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 65-71
    • Schrag, A.1    Kingsley, D.2    Phatouros, C.3
  • 90
    • 0034620601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of atypical parkinsonian syndromes with routine MRI
    • Schrag A, Good CD, Miszkiel K, et al. Differentiation of atypical parkinsonian syndromes with routine MRI. Neurology 2000;54:697-702.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 697-702
    • Schrag, A.1    Good, C.D.2    Miszkiel, K.3
  • 91
    • 84865232068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Hot cross bun" sign in multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia: a comparison between proton density-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging
    • Kasahara S, Miki Y, Kanagaki M, et al. "Hot cross bun" sign in multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia: a comparison between proton density-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol 2012;81:2848-2852.
    • (2012) Eur J Radiol , vol.81 , pp. 2848-2852
    • Kasahara, S.1    Miki, Y.2    Kanagaki, M.3
  • 92
    • 32944463656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperintense putaminal rim sign is not a hallmark of multiple system atrophy at 3T
    • Lee W-H, Lee C-C, Shyu W-C, et al. Hyperintense putaminal rim sign is not a hallmark of multiple system atrophy at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:2238-2242.
    • (2005) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.26 , pp. 2238-2242
    • Lee, W.-H.1    Lee, C.-C.2    Shyu, W.-C.3
  • 93
    • 0035353759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pontine MRI hyperintensities ("the cross sign") are not pathognomonic for multiple system atrophy (MSA) [letter]
    • Burk K, Skalej M, Dichgans J. Pontine MRI hyperintensities ("the cross sign") are not pathognomonic for multiple system atrophy (MSA) [letter]. Mov Disord 2001;16:535.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 535
    • Burk, K.1    Skalej, M.2    Dichgans, J.3
  • 94
    • 62849123060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "hot cross bun" sign in the patients with spinocerebellar ataxia
    • Lee Y-C, Liu C-S, Wu H-M, et al. The "hot cross bun" sign in the patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Eur J Neurol 2009;16:513-516.
    • (2009) Eur J Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 513-516
    • Lee, Y.-C.1    Liu, C.-S.2    Wu, H.-M.3
  • 95
    • 0036305705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal MRI study of multiple system atrophy-when do the findings appear, and what is the course?
    • Horimoto Y, Aiba I, Yasuda T, et al. Longitudinal MRI study of multiple system atrophy-when do the findings appear, and what is the course? J Neurol 2002;249:847-854.
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 847-854
    • Horimoto, Y.1    Aiba, I.2    Yasuda, T.3
  • 96
    • 27744597303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to diagnose MSA early: the role of magnetic resonance imaging
    • Seppi K, Schocke MFH, Wenning GK, Poewe W. How to diagnose MSA early: the role of magnetic resonance imaging. J Neural Transm 2005;112:1625-1634.
    • (2005) J Neural Transm , vol.112 , pp. 1625-1634
    • Seppi, K.1    Schocke, M.F.H.2    Wenning, G.K.3    Poewe, W.4
  • 97
    • 0028001433 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism detected with positron emission tomography differ in multiple system atrophy and olivopontocerebellar atrophy
    • Gilman S, Koeppe RA, Junck L, et al. Patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism detected with positron emission tomography differ in multiple system atrophy and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Ann Neurol 1994;36:166-175.
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 166-175
    • Gilman, S.1    Koeppe, R.A.2    Junck, L.3
  • 98
    • 67651177579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of fractional anisotropy changes in white matter of cerebellar peduncles distinguish spinocerebellar ataxia-1 from multiple system atrophy and other ataxia syndromes
    • Prakash N, Hageman N, Hua X, et al. Patterns of fractional anisotropy changes in white matter of cerebellar peduncles distinguish spinocerebellar ataxia-1 from multiple system atrophy and other ataxia syndromes. Neuroimage 2009;47(suppl 2):T72-T81.
    • (2009) Neuroimage , vol.47 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Prakash, N.1    Hageman, N.2    Hua, X.3
  • 99
    • 33847627921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of SCA2 from MSA-C using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Boesch SM, Wolf C, Seppi K, et al. Differentiation of SCA2 from MSA-C using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:564-569.
    • (2007) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.25 , pp. 564-569
    • Boesch, S.M.1    Wolf, C.2    Seppi, K.3
  • 100
    • 84868295298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between spinocerebellar ataxias and multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy [serial online]
    • Lirng J-F, Wang P-S, Chen H-C, et al. Differences between spinocerebellar ataxias and multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy [serial online]. PLoS One 2012;7:e47925.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Lirng, J.-F.1    Wang, P.-S.2    Chen, H.-C.3
  • 101
    • 80051795157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct neurochemical profiles of spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 6, and cerebellar multiple system atrophy
    • Oz G, Iltis I, Hutter D, et al. Distinct neurochemical profiles of spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 6, and cerebellar multiple system atrophy. Cerebellum 2011;10:208-217.
    • (2011) Cerebellum , vol.10 , pp. 208-217
    • Oz, G.1    Iltis, I.2    Hutter, D.3
  • 102
    • 17044390311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone response to arginine test distinguishes multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease and idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia
    • Pellecchia MT, Pivonello R, Salvatore E, et al. Growth hormone response to arginine test distinguishes multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease and idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia. Clin Endocrinol 2005;62:428-433.
    • (2005) Clin Endocrinol , vol.62 , pp. 428-433
    • Pellecchia, M.T.1    Pivonello, R.2    Salvatore, E.3
  • 103
    • 33845302065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple system atrophy is distinguished from idiopathic Parkinson's disease by the arginine growth hormone stimulation test
    • Pellecchia MT, Longo K, Pivonello R, et al. Multiple system atrophy is distinguished from idiopathic Parkinson's disease by the arginine growth hormone stimulation test. Ann Neurol 2006;60:611-615.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 611-615
    • Pellecchia, M.T.1    Longo, K.2    Pivonello, R.3
  • 104
    • 77950527293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine test is not reliable for diagnosing cerebellar multiple system atrophy
    • Gardner RC, Schmahmann JD. Arginine test is not reliable for diagnosing cerebellar multiple system atrophy. Ann Neurol 2010;67:404-408.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.67 , pp. 404-408
    • Gardner, R.C.1    Schmahmann, J.D.2
  • 105
    • 33747033693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF analysis differentiates multiple-system atrophy from idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia
    • Abdo WF, van de Warrenburg BPC, Munneke M, et al. CSF analysis differentiates multiple-system atrophy from idiopathic late-onset cerebellar ataxia. Neurology 2006;67:474-479.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 474-479
    • Abdo, W.F.1    van de Warrenburg, B.P.C.2    Munneke, M.3
  • 106
    • 79951513184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple system atrophy promotes in vitro α-synuclein fibril formation
    • Hirohata M, Ono K, Morinaga A, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple system atrophy promotes in vitro α-synuclein fibril formation. Neurosci Lett 2011;491:48-52.
    • (2011) Neurosci Lett , vol.491 , pp. 48-52
    • Hirohata, M.1    Ono, K.2    Morinaga, A.3
  • 108
    • 82455205801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple system atrophy: a clinical and neuropathological perspective
    • Ubhi K, Low P, Masliah E. Multiple system atrophy: a clinical and neuropathological perspective. Trends Neurosci 2011;34:581-590.
    • (2011) Trends Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 581-590
    • Ubhi, K.1    Low, P.2    Masliah, E.3
  • 109
    • 27744491218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of multiple system atrophy: state of the art
    • Colosimo C, Tiple D, Wenning GK. Management of multiple system atrophy: state of the art. J Neural Transm 2005;112:1695-1704.
    • (2005) J Neural Transm , vol.112 , pp. 1695-1704
    • Colosimo, C.1    Tiple, D.2    Wenning, G.K.3
  • 111
    • 0027930620 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and natural history of multiple system atrophy. An analysis of 100 cases
    • Wenning GK, Ben Shlomo Y, Magalhaes M, et al. Clinical features and natural history of multiple system atrophy. An analysis of 100 cases. Brain 1994;117(pt 4):835-845.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 835-845
    • Wenning, G.K.1    Ben Shlomo, Y.2    Magalhaes, M.3
  • 112
    • 84876332892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple system atrophy: a prospective European cohort study
    • Wenning GK, Geser F, Krismer F, et al. The natural history of multiple system atrophy: a prospective European cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:264-274.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 264-274
    • Wenning, G.K.1    Geser, F.2    Krismer, F.3
  • 114
    • 41949090127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: an update
    • Low PAP, Singer WW. Management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: an update. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:451-458.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 451-458
    • Low, P.A.P.1    Singer, W.W.2
  • 115
    • 0031004940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of midodrine vs placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Midodrine Study Group
    • Low PA, Gilden JL, Freeman R, et al. Efficacy of midodrine vs placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomized, double-blind multicenter study. Midodrine Study Group. JAMA 1997;277:1046-1051.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 1046-1051
    • Low, P.A.1    Gilden, J.L.2    Freeman, R.3
  • 116
    • 80052454332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and management of orthostatic hypotension
    • Lanier JB, Mote MB, Clay EC. Evaluation and management of orthostatic hypotension. Am Fam Physician 2011;84:527-536.
    • (2011) Am Fam Physician , vol.84 , pp. 527-536
    • Lanier, J.B.1    Mote, M.B.2    Clay, E.C.3
  • 117
    • 43449135636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-dihydroxyphenylserine (droxidopa): a new therapy for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: the US experience
    • Kaufmann H. L-dihydroxyphenylserine (droxidopa): a new therapy for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: the US experience. Clin Auton Res 2008;18(suppl 1):19-24.
    • (2008) Clin Auton Res , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL 1 , pp. 19-24
    • Kaufmann, H.1
  • 118
    • 0034756589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS; droxidopa) in the management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a multi-national, multi-center, dose-ranging study in multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure
    • Mathias CJ, Senard JM, Braune S, Watson L, Araqishi A, Keeling JE, Taylor MD. L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS; droxidopa) in the management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a multi-national, multi-center, dose-ranging study in multiple system atrophy and pure autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 2001;11:235-242.
    • (2001) Clin Auton Res , vol.11 , pp. 235-242
    • Mathias, C.J.1    Senard, J.M.2    Braune, S.3    Watson, L.4    Araqishi, A.5    Keeling, J.E.6    Taylor, M.D.7
  • 119
    • 0042663999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine precursor therapy in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
    • Kaufmann H, Saadia D, Voustianiouk A, et al. Norepinephrine precursor therapy in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Circulation 2003;108:724-728.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 724-728
    • Kaufmann, H.1    Saadia, D.2    Voustianiouk, A.3
  • 120
    • 0028323244 scopus 로고
    • Genitourinary dysfunction in multiple system atrophy: clinical features and treatment in 62 cases
    • Beck RO, Betts CD, Fowler CJ. Genitourinary dysfunction in multiple system atrophy: clinical features and treatment in 62 cases. J Urol 1994;151:1336-1341.
    • (1994) J Urol , vol.151 , pp. 1336-1341
    • Beck, R.O.1    Betts, C.D.2    Fowler, C.J.3
  • 122
    • 0034718190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex motor disturbances in a sequential double lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy)
    • Scherfler C, Puschban Z, Ghorayeb I, et al. Complex motor disturbances in a sequential double lesion rat model of striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy). Neuroscience 2000;99:43-54.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.99 , pp. 43-54
    • Scherfler, C.1    Puschban, Z.2    Ghorayeb, I.3
  • 123
    • 0035157215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine and quinolinic acid injection: a model of early-stage striatonigral degeneration
    • Ghorayeb I, Puschban Z, Fernagut P-O, et al. Simultaneous intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine and quinolinic acid injection: a model of early-stage striatonigral degeneration. Exp Neurol 2001;167:133-147.
    • (2001) Exp Neurol , vol.167 , pp. 133-147
    • Ghorayeb, I.1    Puschban, Z.2    Fernagut, P.-O.3
  • 124
    • 0035808846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No functional effects of embryonic neuronal grafts on motor deficits in a 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of advanced striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy)
    • Waldner R, Puschban Z, Scherfler C, et al. No functional effects of embryonic neuronal grafts on motor deficits in a 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of advanced striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy). Neuroscience 2001;102:581-592.
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.102 , pp. 581-592
    • Waldner, R.1    Puschban, Z.2    Scherfler, C.3
  • 125
    • 0037146648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A "single toxin-double lesion" rat model of striatonigral degeneration by intrastriatal 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion injection: a motor behavioural analysis
    • Ghorayeb I, Fernagut P-O, Hervier L, et al. A "single toxin-double lesion" rat model of striatonigral degeneration by intrastriatal 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion injection: a motor behavioural analysis. Neuroscience 2002;115:533-546.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.115 , pp. 533-546
    • Ghorayeb, I.1    Fernagut, P.-O.2    Hervier, L.3
  • 126
    • 27944436033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological and neurodegenerative alterations in a transgenic mouse model expressing human alpha-synuclein under oligodendrocyte promoter: implications for multiple system atrophy
    • Shults CW, Rockenstein E, Crews L, et al. Neurological and neurodegenerative alterations in a transgenic mouse model expressing human alpha-synuclein under oligodendrocyte promoter: implications for multiple system atrophy. J Neurosci 2005;25:10689-10699.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 10689-10699
    • Shults, C.W.1    Rockenstein, E.2    Crews, L.3
  • 127
    • 15444376598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse model of multiple system atrophy alpha-synuclein expression in oligodendrocytes causes glial and neuronal degeneration
    • Yazawa I, Giasson BI, Sasaki R, et al. Mouse model of multiple system atrophy alpha-synuclein expression in oligodendrocytes causes glial and neuronal degeneration. Neuron 2005;45:847-859.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.45 , pp. 847-859
    • Yazawa, I.1    Giasson, B.I.2    Sasaki, R.3
  • 128
    • 0036304315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperphosphorylation and insolubility of alpha-synuclein in transgenic mouse oligodendrocytes
    • Kahle PJ, Neumann M, Ozmen L, et al. Hyperphosphorylation and insolubility of alpha-synuclein in transgenic mouse oligodendrocytes. EMBO Rep 2002;3:583-588.
    • (2002) EMBO Rep , vol.3 , pp. 583-588
    • Kahle, P.J.1    Neumann, M.2    Ozmen, L.3
  • 129
    • 77958553537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy is associated with altered expression of oligodendroglial-derived neurotrophic factors
    • Ubhi K, Rockenstein E, Mante M, et al. Neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy is associated with altered expression of oligodendroglial-derived neurotrophic factors. J Neurosci 2010;30:6236-6246.
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 6236-6246
    • Ubhi, K.1    Rockenstein, E.2    Mante, M.3
  • 130
    • 84861460972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloperoxidase inhibition ameliorates multiple system atrophy-like degeneration in a transgenic mouse model
    • Stefanova N, Georgievska B, Eriksson H, et al. Myeloperoxidase inhibition ameliorates multiple system atrophy-like degeneration in a transgenic mouse model. Neurotox Res 2012;21:393-404.
    • (2012) Neurotox Res , vol.21 , pp. 393-404
    • Stefanova, N.1    Georgievska, B.2    Eriksson, H.3
  • 131
    • 79953274079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin is neuroprotective in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy
    • Kollensperger M, Krismer F, Pallua A, et al. Erythropoietin is neuroprotective in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2011;26:507-515.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 507-515
    • Kollensperger, M.1    Krismer, F.2    Pallua, A.3
  • 132
    • 41149124377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rasagiline is neuroprotective in a transgenic model of multiple system atrophy
    • Stefanova N, Poewe W, Wenning GK. Rasagiline is neuroprotective in a transgenic model of multiple system atrophy. Exp Neurol 2008;210:421-427.
    • (2008) Exp Neurol , vol.210 , pp. 421-427
    • Stefanova, N.1    Poewe, W.2    Wenning, G.K.3
  • 133
    • 84890140306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressants reduce neuroinflammatory responses and astroglial alpha-synuclein accumulation in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy
    • Valera E, Ubhi K, Mante M, Rockenstein E, Masliah E. Antidepressants reduce neuroinflammatory responses and astroglial alpha-synuclein accumulation in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy. Glia 2014;62:317-337.
    • (2014) Glia , vol.62 , pp. 317-337
    • Valera, E.1    Ubhi, K.2    Mante, M.3    Rockenstein, E.4    Masliah, E.5
  • 134
    • 79956227192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal stem cells in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy: immunomodulation and neuroprotection [serial online]
    • Stemberger S, Jamnig A, Stefanova N, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy: immunomodulation and neuroprotection [serial online]. PLoS One 2011;6:e19808.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Stemberger, S.1    Jamnig, A.2    Stefanova, N.3
  • 135
    • 80051780265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of human mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of double toxin-induced multiple system atrophy parkinsonism
    • Park H-J, Bang G, Lee BR, et al. Neuroprotective effect of human mesenchymal stem cells in an animal model of double toxin-induced multiple system atrophy parkinsonism. Cell Transplant 2011;20:827-835.
    • (2011) Cell Transplant , vol.20 , pp. 827-835
    • Park, H.-J.1    Bang, G.2    Lee, B.R.3
  • 136
    • 84864488997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy
    • Lee PH, Lee JE, Kim H-S, et al. A randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy. Ann Neurol 2012;72:32-40.
    • (2012) Ann Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 32-40
    • Lee, P.H.1    Lee, J.E.2    Kim, H.-S.3
  • 137
    • 42349097728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy delays the progression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple system atrophy
    • Lee PH, Kim JW, Bang OY, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy delays the progression of neurological deficits in patients with multiple system atrophy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;83:723-730.
    • (2008) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.83 , pp. 723-730
    • Lee, P.H.1    Kim, J.W.2    Bang, O.Y.3
  • 138
    • 78649634791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of TPPP/p25 on α-synuclein-mediated oligodendroglial degeneration and the protective effect of SIRT2 inhibition in a cellular model of multiple system atrophy
    • Hasegawa T, Baba T, Kobayashi M, et al. Role of TPPP/p25 on α-synuclein-mediated oligodendroglial degeneration and the protective effect of SIRT2 inhibition in a cellular model of multiple system atrophy. Neurochem Int 2010;57:857-866.
    • (2010) Neurochem Int , vol.57 , pp. 857-866
    • Hasegawa, T.1    Baba, T.2    Kobayashi, M.3
  • 139
    • 77958449984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Synuclein: membrane interactions and toxicity in Parkinson's disease
    • Auluck PK, Caraveo G, Lindquist S. α-Synuclein: membrane interactions and toxicity in Parkinson's disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2010;26:211-233.
    • (2010) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol , vol.26 , pp. 211-233
    • Auluck, P.K.1    Caraveo, G.2    Lindquist, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.