메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-226

Questioning the premedical paradigm: Enhancing diversity in the medical profession a century after the flexner report

(1)  Barr, Donald A a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84894791560     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (26)

References (376)
  • 1
    • 0003945869 scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chi - cago Press, 5, 19
    • T. S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chi - cago Press, 1970), 175, 5, 19.
    • (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , pp. 175
    • Kuhn, T.S.1
  • 2
    • 0032769257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plight of premedical education: Myths and misperceptions-part I: The premedical syndrome
    • G. H. Breiger, "The Plight of Premedical Education: Myths and Misperceptions-Part I: The Premedical Syndrome", Academic Medicine 74(1999):901-4.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 901-904
    • Breiger, G.H.1
  • 3
    • 0004126954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Penguin Group
    • S. Lewis, Arrowsmith (New York: Penguin Group, 1998), 7.
    • (1998) Arrowsmith , pp. 7
    • Lewis, S.1
  • 5
    • 77049207038 scopus 로고
    • Some myths about medical school admissions
    • D. H. Funkenstein, "Some Myths about Medical School Admissions", Journal of Medical Education 30(1955):81.
    • (1955) Journal of Medical Education , vol.30 , pp. 81
    • Funkenstein, D.H.1
  • 7
    • 84894718133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1996 AAMC presidential address
    • J. J. Cohen, "Finishing the Bridge to Diversity", 1996 AAMC presidential address, p. 1, available at www.aamc.org/diversity/reading.htm.
    • Finishing the Bridge to Diversity , pp. 1
    • Cohen, J.J.1
  • 10
    • 9744263298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U. S. Healthcare Workforce, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U. S. Healthcare Workforce, Institute of Medicine, In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health Care Workforce (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2004), 5.
    • (2004) The Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health Care Workforce , pp. 5
  • 13
    • 84894840413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity in California's health professions: Physicians
    • T. Bates and S. Chapman, "Diversity in California's Health Professions: Physicians", UCSF Center for the Health Professions, 2008, available at http://futurehealth.ucsf.edu.
    • (2008) UCSF Center for the Health Professions
    • Bates, T.1    Chapman, S.2
  • 15
    • 84894732728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California, Office of Health Affairs, Medical Student Diversity Task Force, "Special Report on Medical Student Diversity, 2000", available at www.ucop. edu/healthaffairs/reports/diversity/welcome. html.
    • Special Report on Medical Student Diversity, 2000
  • 17
    • 0036061859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premed survival: Understanding the culling process in premedical undergraduate education
    • K. Lovecchio and L. Dundes, "Premed Survival: Understanding the Culling Process in Premedical Undergraduate Education", Academic Medicine 77(2002):719-24.
    • (2002) Academic Medicine , vol.77 , pp. 719-724
    • Lovecchio, K.1    Dundes, L.2
  • 18
    • 33748423736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing premed requirements and the medical curriculum
    • quotation on 1129
    • E. J. Emanuel, "Changing Premed Requirements and the Medical Curriculum", JAMA 296(2006):1128-31; quotation on 1129.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1128-1131
    • Emanuel, E.J.1
  • 19
    • 84894748386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton Review, "Premed Requirements", available at www.princetonreview.com/medical/research/articles/criteria/prereqs.asp.
    • Premed Requirements
  • 20
    • 84894853940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia, "Premedical", available at http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Premedical.
    • Premedical
  • 21
    • 84894791925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, "Entrance Requirements", available at www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/ps/admissions/apply. html.
    • Entrance Requirements
  • 22
    • 84894784089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Medical School, "Requirements for Admission", available at http://hms.harvard.edu/admissions.
    • Requirements for Admission
  • 23
    • 84894812449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, "Admissions Requirements", available at www.hopkinsmedicine.org/admissions/apps.html.
    • Admissions Requirements
  • 24
    • 84894771165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, "Course Requirements", available at www.medschool.ucsf.edu/admissions/apply/ gettingstarted.
    • Course Requirements
  • 25
    • 84894689324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Michigan School of Medicine, "Subject Requirements", available at www.med.umich.edu/medschool/admissions/process/ requirements.htm.
    • Subject Requirements
  • 26
    • 84894686536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stanford University School of Medicine, "Academic Requirements", available at http://med.stanford.edu/md/admissions/ preparation.html.
    • Academic Requirements
  • 29
    • 0004126954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Penguin Group
    • S. Lewis, Arrowsmith (New York: Penguin Group, 1998), 7.
    • (1998) Arrowsmith , pp. 7
    • Lewis, S.1
  • 30
    • 33846025088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on "changing premedical requirements"
    • D. B. Kramer, T. S. Higgins, V. U. Collier et al., Comments on "Changing Premedical Requirements", JAMA 297(2007):37-38.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 37-38
    • Kramer, D.B.1    Higgins, T.S.2    Collier, V.U.3
  • 32
    • 0020725845 scopus 로고
    • 'Fit to study medicine': Notes for a history of pre-medical education in America
    • G. H. Breiger, "'Fit to Study Medicine': Notes for a History of Pre-Medical Education in America", Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 57(1983):6.
    • (1983) Bulletin of the History of Medicine , vol.57 , pp. 6
    • Breiger, G.H.1
  • 33
    • 84894798440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California, San Francisco. A History of the UCSF School of Medicine
    • University of California, San Francisco. A History of the UCSF School of Medicine, available at http://history.library.ucsf.edu.
  • 34
    • 0017528403 scopus 로고
    • The california origins of the Johns Hopkins medical school
    • G. H. Breiger, "The California Origins of the Johns Hopkins Medical School", Bulletin of the History of Medicine 51(1977):349.
    • (1977) Bulletin of the History of Medicine , vol.51 , pp. 349
    • Breiger, G.H.1
  • 35
    • 0035023350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of modern premedical education
    • R. H. Fishbein, "Origins of Modern Premedical Education", Academic Medicine 76(2001):426.
    • (2001) Academic Medicine , vol.76 , pp. 426
    • Fishbein, R.H.1
  • 37
    • 33746670799 scopus 로고
    • The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Bulletin Number Six
    • A. Flexner, Medical Education in Europe, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Bulletin Number Six, 1912.
    • (1912) Medical Education in Europe
    • Flexner, A.1
  • 39
    • 84894764822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maryland medical history
    • Johns Hopkins University Curricular Bulletin, 1877, as quoted by
    • Johns Hopkins University Curricular Bulletin, 1877, as quoted by R. H. Fishbein, "Maryland Medical History", Maryland Medical Journal 48(1999):229.
    • (1999) Maryland Medical Journal , vol.48 , pp. 229
    • Fishbein, R.H.1
  • 41
    • 84894791440 scopus 로고
    • Two documents relating to medical education at Johns Hopkins University
    • in A. M. Chesney, "Two Documents Relating to Medical Education at Johns Hopkins University", Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine IV (6) (1936): 482.
    • (1936) Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 482
    • Chesney, A.M.1
  • 42
    • 3242696383 scopus 로고
    • History of the association of American Medical Colleges, 1876-1956
    • D. F. Smiley, "History of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 1876-1956", Journal of Medical Education 32(1957):512.
    • (1957) Journal of Medical Education , vol.32 , pp. 512
    • Smiley, D.F.1
  • 43
    • 0021668490 scopus 로고
    • Forgotten reformers: The American Academy of Medicine
    • S. J. Peitzman, "Forgotten Reformers: The American Academy of Medicine", Bulletin of the History of Medicine 58(1984):517-18.
    • (1984) Bulletin of the History of Medicine , vol.58 , pp. 517-518
    • Peitzman, S.J.1
  • 44
    • 78650095822 scopus 로고
    • American academy of medicine, constitution
    • American Academy of Medicine, Constitution, Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine 1(14) (1893):284-85.
    • (1893) Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.14 , pp. 284-285
  • 46
    • 84894725885 scopus 로고
    • Essentials and non-essentials in medical education
    • P. S. Conner, "Essentials and Non-essentials in Medical Education", Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine I (10) (1892): 131.
    • (1892) Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.10 , pp. 131
    • Conner, P.S.1
  • 47
    • 84894791421 scopus 로고
    • The value of academic training preparatory to the study of medicine
    • H. B. Allyn, "The Value of Academic Training Preparatory to the Study of Medicine", Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine I (11) (1892): 182-84.
    • (1892) Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.11 , pp. 182-184
    • Allyn, H.B.1
  • 48
    • 84894857152 scopus 로고
    • Discussion of 'the value of academic training preparatory to the study of medicine' by HB allyn
    • H. F. Warner, "Discussion of 'The Value of Academic Training Preparatory to the Study of Medicine' by HB Allyn", Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine I (11) (1892): 185.
    • (1892) Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.11 , pp. 185
    • Warner, H.F.1
  • 49
    • 84894793374 scopus 로고
    • Does a classical course enable a student to shorten the period of professional study?
    • V. C. Vaughan, "Does a Classical Course Enable a Student to Shorten the Period of Professional Study?" Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine I (13) (1893): 225-26.
    • (1893) Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.13 , pp. 225-226
    • Vaughan, V.C.1
  • 50
    • 84894798910 scopus 로고
    • The kind and amount of laboratory work which should be required in our medical schools
    • V. C. Vaughan, "The Kind and Amount of Laboratory Work Which Should Be Required in Our Medical Schools", Journal of the American Medical Association XIX (1892): 665-67.
    • (1892) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.19 , pp. 665-667
    • Vaughan, V.C.1
  • 53
    • 84894788978 scopus 로고
    • D. C. Gilman, January 3, 1893. Alan Mason Chesney Archives, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
    • M. E. Garrett, Letter to Johns Hopkins University trustees of December 24, 1892, as quoted in D. C. Gilman, Remarks addressed to the Board of Trustees of the Johns Hopkins University and read to them at their meeting, January 3, 1893. Alan Mason Chesney Archives, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.
    • (1892) Letter to Johns Hopkins University Trustees of December 24
    • Garrett, M.E.1
  • 55
    • 84894717161 scopus 로고
    • Alan Mason Chesney Archives, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
    • Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, 1894, 17-21, Alan Mason Chesney Archives, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.
    • (1894) Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Medical School , pp. 17-21
  • 58
    • 84894781853 scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, transactions-fifth annual session
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Transactions-Fifth Annual Session, Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine I (22) (1894): 531-39.
    • (1894) Bulletin of the American Academy of Medicine , vol.1 , Issue.22 , pp. 531-539
  • 59
    • 84894774914 scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, regarding the requirements for admission to be maintained by colleges belonging to the association
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Regarding the requirements for admission to be maintained by colleges belonging to the Association, Journal of the American Medical Association 37(1901):757-62.
    • (1901) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.37 , pp. 757-762
  • 63
    • 84894862800 scopus 로고
    • Some remarks on the present status of medical education in the United States
    • V. C. Vaughan, "Some Remarks on the Present Status of Medical Education in the United States", Journal of the American Medical Association 40(1903):1120.
    • (1903) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.40 , pp. 1120
    • Vaughan, V.C.1
  • 65
    • 84944365997 scopus 로고
    • Introductory remarks, first annual conference, council on medical education
    • L. S. McMurtry, "Introductory Remarks, First Annual Conference, Council on Medical Education", Journal of the American Medical Association 44(1905):1470.
    • (1905) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.44 , pp. 1470
    • McMurtry, L.S.1
  • 66
  • 67
    • 84894778869 scopus 로고
    • What shall the standard be for recognition of medical colleges and how shall such standard be determined?
    • J. M. Dodson, "What Shall the Standard Be for Recognition of Medical Colleges and How Shall Such Standard Be Determined?" Journal of the American Medical Association 44(1905):1474.
    • (1905) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.44 , pp. 1474
    • Dodson, J.M.1
  • 68
    • 84894745770 scopus 로고
    • Report of the committee on requirements for admission to medical schools
    • V. C. Vaughan, "Report of the Committee on Requirements for Admission to Medical Schools", Journal of the American Medical Association 44(1905):1471-72.
    • (1905) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.44 , pp. 1471-1472
    • Vaughan, V.C.1
  • 69
    • 84894826916 scopus 로고
    • Report of the council on medical education to the house of delegates, July 10, 1905
    • A. D. Bevan, "Report of the Council on Medical Education to the House of Delegates, July 10, 1905", Journal of the American Medical Association 45(1905):270.
    • (1905) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.45 , pp. 270
    • Bevan, A.D.1
  • 71
    • 0004126954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Penguin Group
    • S. Lewis, Arrowsmith (New York: Penguin Group, 1998), 7.
    • (1998) Arrowsmith , pp. 7
    • Lewis, S.1
  • 73
    • 84894753399 scopus 로고
    • Regarding the requirements for admission to be maintained by colleges belonging to this association
    • Association of American Medical Colleges
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, "Regarding the requirements for admission to be maintained by colleges belonging to this Association", Journal of the American Medical Association 37(1901):757.
    • (1901) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.37 , pp. 757
  • 77
    • 84894695748 scopus 로고
    • November 1, Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries
    • G. Crothers, Report to the Trustees, November 1, 1906, Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries.
    • (1906) Report to the Trustees
    • Crothers, G.1
  • 78
    • 84894792753 scopus 로고
    • The Leland Stanford Junior University
    • The Leland Stanford Junior University, First Annual Register, 1891-92, 75.
    • (1891) First Annual Register , pp. 75
  • 79
    • 84894839823 scopus 로고
    • The Leland Stanford Junior University
    • The Leland Stanford Junior University, Fourth Annual Register, 1893/94, 103.
    • (1893) Fourth Annual Register , pp. 103
  • 80
    • 84894757738 scopus 로고
    • September 14, Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries
    • D. S. Jordan, Letter to Stanford University Trustees, September 14, 1907, Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries.
    • (1907) Letter to Stanford University Trustees
    • Jordan, D.S.1
  • 82
    • 84894826233 scopus 로고
    • Leland Stanford Junior University
    • Leland Stanford Junior University, Eighteenth Annual Register, 1908/9, 167.
    • (1908) Eighteenth Annual Register , pp. 167
  • 83
    • 67650558631 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation in medical education and medical service-functions of the medical profession, of the University and of the Public
    • A. D. Bevan, "Cooperation in Medical Education and Medical Service-Functions of the Medical Profession, of the University and of the Public", Journal of the American Medical Association 90(1928):1174.
    • (1928) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.90 , pp. 1174
    • Bevan, A.D.1
  • 85
    • 84894752891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council on Medical Education, Minutes of the meeting of December 1908, as quoted in
    • Council on Medical Education, Minutes of the meeting of December 1908, as quoted in M. Fishbein, History of the American Medical Association, 898.
    • History of the American Medical Association , pp. 898
    • Fishbein, M.1
  • 100
    • 77956260325 scopus 로고
    • Remarks made to the tenth annual conference of the council on medical education
    • V. C. Vaughan, "Remarks Made to the Tenth Annual Conference of the Council on Medical Education", American Medical Association Bulletin 9(1914):294.
    • (1914) American Medical Association Bulletin , vol.9 , pp. 294
    • Vaughan, V.C.1
  • 101
    • 84942949194 scopus 로고
    • The danger to the maintenance of high standards of excessive formalism
    • A. L. Lowell, "The Danger to the Maintenance of High Standards of Excessive Formalism", Journal of the American Medical Association 42(1914):824.
    • (1914) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.42 , pp. 824
    • Lowell, A.L.1
  • 102
    • 84894849548 scopus 로고
    • Minimum entrance requirements
    • Association of American Medical Colleges
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, "Minimum Entrance Requirements", Bulletin of the Association of American Medical Colleges 1(1) (1926):22-24.
    • (1926) Bulletin of the Association of American Medical Colleges , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-24
  • 107
    • 84894791376 scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges
    • New York
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Final Report of the Commission on Medical Education (New York: Office of the Director of the Study, 1932). Hereafter, references to this report are in parenthetical page numbers in the text.
    • (1932) Final Report of the Commission on Medical Education
  • 108
    • 84894882471 scopus 로고
    • A talk delivered to the Pre-medical Club at Amherst College, November 19, Amherst College Library, Ar - chives and Special Collections
    • H. H. Plough, "Medical Schools and Pre-medical Training", A talk delivered to the Pre-medical Club at Amherst College, November 19, 1936, Amherst College Library, Ar - chives and Special Collections.
    • (1936) Medical Schools and Pre-medical Training
    • Plough, H.H.1
  • 112
    • 84894742536 scopus 로고
    • Johns Hopkins University, February 22, Alan Mason Chesney Archives, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
    • D. C. Gilman, Address given on Commemoration Day, Johns Hopkins University, February 22, 1893, Alan Mason Chesney Archives, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.
    • (1893) Address Given on Commemoration Day
    • Gilman, D.C.1
  • 113
    • 84894847647 scopus 로고
    • Severinghaus, carmen, and cadbury
    • Severinghaus, Carmen, and Cadbury, Preparation for Medical Education, 1953, 14.
    • (1953) Preparation for Medical Education , pp. 14
  • 114
    • 77049207038 scopus 로고
    • Some myths about medical school admissions
    • D. H. Funkenstein, "Some Myths about Medical School Admissions", Journal of Medical Education 30(1955):81.
    • (1955) Journal of Medical Education , vol.30 , pp. 81
    • Funkenstein, D.H.1
  • 116
    • 84894697479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on medical education and some of the problems of selection
    • Gee and Cowles
    • T. R. McConnell, "Reflections on Medical Education and Some of the Problems of Selection", in Gee and Cowles, Appraisal of Applicants to Medical Schools, 16-21.
    • Appraisal of Applicants to Medical Schools , pp. 16-21
    • McConnell, T.R.1
  • 119
    • 0017845950 scopus 로고
    • How to fix the premedical curriculum
    • L. Thomas, "How to Fix the Premedical Curriculum", New England Journal of Medicine 298(1978):1180.
    • (1978) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.298 , pp. 1180
    • Thomas, L.1
  • 120
    • 0032769257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plight of premedical education: Myths and misperceptions-part i: The premedical syndrome
    • G. H. Breiger, "The Plight of Premedical Education: Myths and Misperceptions-Part I: The Premedical Syndrome", Academic Medicine 74(1999):901-4;
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 901-904
    • Breiger, G.H.1
  • 121
    • 0032710070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plight of premedical education: Myths and misperceptions-part II: Science 'versus' the liberal arts
    • Breiger, "The Plight of Premedical Education: Myths and Misperceptions-Part II: Science 'versus' the Liberal Arts", Academic Medicine 74(1999):1217-21.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 1217-1221
    • Breiger1
  • 122
    • 0018964244 scopus 로고
    • Medical students from natural science and non-science undergraduate backgrounds: Similar academic performance and residency selection
    • R. L. Dickman, R. E. Sarnacki, F. T. Schimpfhauser, and L. A. Katz, "Medical Students from Natural Science and Non-science Undergraduate Backgrounds: Similar Academic Performance and Residency Selection", JAMA 243(1980):2506-9.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.243 , pp. 2506-2509
    • Dickman, R.L.1    Sarnacki, R.E.2    Schimpfhauser, F.T.3    Katz, L.A.4
  • 123
    • 0020684488 scopus 로고
    • Baccalaureate preparation for medical school: Does type of degree make a difference?
    • C. Zeleznik, M. Hojat M, and J. Veloski, "Baccalaureate Preparation for Medical School: Does Type of Degree Make a Difference?" Journal of Medical Education 58(1983):26-33.
    • (1983) Journal of Medical Education , vol.58 , pp. 26-33
    • Zeleznik, C.1    Hojat, M.M.2    Veloski, J.3
  • 124
    • 0026779515 scopus 로고
    • The role of natural sciences in the premedical curriculum
    • B. Doblin and S. Korenman, "The Role of Natural Sciences in the Premedical Curriculum", Academic Medicine 67(1992):539-41.
    • (1992) Academic Medicine , vol.67 , pp. 539-541
    • Doblin, B.1    Korenman, S.2
  • 125
    • 0019333918 scopus 로고
    • Pruning an old root: Premedical science and medical school
    • E. D. Pellegrino, "Pruning an Old Root: Premedical Science and Medical School", JAMA 243(1980):2518-19.
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.243 , pp. 2518-2519
    • Pellegrino, E.D.1
  • 126
    • 84894756101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dickman, Sarnacki, Schimpfhauser, and Katz
    • Dickman, Sarnacki, Schimpfhauser, and Katz, "Medical Students", 2509.
    • Medical Students , pp. 2509
  • 128
    • 0031225269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for premedical curricular reform
    • P. J. Imperato, "The Need for Premedical Curricular Reform", Academic Medicine 72(1997):734.
    • (1997) Academic Medicine , vol.72 , pp. 734
    • Imperato, P.J.1
  • 130
    • 84894830194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing premed requirements
    • E. J. Emanuel, "Changing Premed Requirements", JAMA 296(2006):1129.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1129
    • Emanuel, E.J.1
  • 131
    • 84894711840 scopus 로고
    • Study of applicants for admission to the 1935 freshman class in seventynine medical schools
    • F. C. Zapffe, "Study of Applicants for Admission to the 1935 Freshman Class in Seventynine Medical Schools", Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 11(1936):185-200.
    • (1936) Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges , vol.11 , pp. 185-200
    • Zapffe, F.C.1
  • 132
    • 84894766328 scopus 로고
    • Report of applications for matriculation in schools of medicine for 1927-1928
    • B. D. Myers, "Report of Applications for Matriculation in Schools of Medicine for 1927-1928", Bulletin of the Association of American Medical Colleges 3(1928):193-99.
    • (1928) Bulletin of the Association of American Medical Colleges , vol.3 , pp. 193-199
    • Myers, B.D.1
  • 136
    • 84942949194 scopus 로고
    • The danger to the maintenance of high standards of excessive formalism
    • A. L. Lowell, "The Danger to the Maintenance of High Standards of Excessive Formalism", Journal of the American Medical Association 42(1914):824.
    • (1914) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.42 , pp. 824
    • Lowell, A.L.1
  • 137
    • 84894879526 scopus 로고
    • College studies and professional training
    • A. L. Lowell, "College Studies and Professional Training", Educational Review 42(1911):217-33.
    • (1911) Educational Review , vol.42 , pp. 217-233
    • Lowell, A.L.1
  • 141
    • 84894877598 scopus 로고
    • Intellectual and educational status of the medical profession as represented in the united states army
    • Part 8 Number 8
    • M. V. Cobb and R. M. Yerkes, "Intellectual and Educational Status of the Medical Profession as Represented in the United States Army", Bulletin of the National Research Council 1 (1921): (Part 8 Number 8) 458-532.
    • (1921) Bulletin of the National Research Council , vol.1 , pp. 458-532
    • Cobb, M.V.1    Yerkes, R.M.2
  • 149
    • 84894773123 scopus 로고
    • A study of the selective admission of students in the medical schools of the University of Chicago
    • C. F. Cramer, "A Study of the Selective Admission of Students in the Medical Schools of the University of Chicago", Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 8(1933):349.
    • (1933) Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges , vol.8 , pp. 349
    • Cramer, C.F.1
  • 152
    • 84894745303 scopus 로고
    • A comparative evaluation of the professional aptitude test and the general aptitude test battery
    • R. B. Ralph and C. W. Taylor, "A Comparative Evaluation of the Professional Aptitude Test and the General Aptitude Test Battery", Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 25(1948):33.
    • (1948) Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges , vol.25 , pp. 33
    • Ralph, R.B.1    Taylor, C.W.2
  • 153
    • 70449293006 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of intellectual promise for Medical School
    • J. K. Hill, "Assessment of Intellectual Promise for Medical School", Journal of Medical Education 34(1959):959-64.
    • (1959) Journal of Medical Education , vol.34 , pp. 959-964
    • Hill, J.K.1
  • 154
    • 70449151167 scopus 로고
    • Predictor variables employed in research on the selection of medical students
    • 135
    • E. Gottheil and C. M. Michael, "Predictor Variables Employed in Research on the Selection of Medical Students", Journal of Medical Education 32(1957):131, 135.
    • (1957) Journal of Medical Education , vol.32 , pp. 131
    • Gottheil, E.1    Michael, C.M.2
  • 157
    • 84894797017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicine's share in America's student resources
    • Gee and Cowles
    • D. Wolfe, "Medicine's Share in America's Student Resources", in Gee and Cowles, Appraisal of Applicants Medical School, 14.
    • Appraisal of Applicants Medical School , pp. 14
    • Wolfe, D.1
  • 158
    • 84894774921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The place of the college in selection and preparation for medicine
    • Gee and Cowles
    • R. F. Arragon, "The Place of the College in Selection and Preparation for Medicine", in Gee and Cowles, Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School, 165.
    • Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School , pp. 165
    • Arragon, R.F.1
  • 160
    • 84894859383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the methods and goals of medical student selection
    • Gee and Cowles
    • J. L. Caughey, "Introduction to the Methods and Goals of Medical Student Selection", in Gee and Cowles, Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School, 175-76.
    • Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School , pp. 175-176
    • Caughey, J.L.1
  • 162
    • 0346349133 scopus 로고
    • Failure to graduate from medical school
    • D. H. Funkenstein, "Failure to Graduate from Medical School", Journal of Medical Education 37(1962):588-603.
    • (1962) Journal of Medical Education , vol.37 , pp. 588-603
    • Funkenstein, D.H.1
  • 163
    • 0016717379 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to predict graduation from Medical School
    • H. G. Gough and W. B. Hall, "An Attempt to Predict Graduation from Medical School", Journal of Medical Education 50(1975):940-50.
    • (1975) Journal of Medical Education , vol.50 , pp. 940-950
    • Gough, H.G.1    Hall, W.B.2
  • 165
    • 0014265442 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of success in Medical School and their correlates
    • Korman, Stubblefield, and Martin, "Patterns of Success in Medical School and Their Correlates", Journal of Medical Education 43(1968):405-11;
    • (1968) Journal of Medical Education , vol.43 , pp. 405-411
    • Korman, S.1    Martin2
  • 166
    • 0015104773 scopus 로고
    • Medical school evaluation and intern performance
    • Korman and Stubblefield, "Medical School Evaluation and Intern Performance", Journal of Medical Education 46(1971):670-73.
    • (1971) Journal of Medical Education , vol.46 , pp. 670-673
    • Korman1    Stubblefield2
  • 168
    • 0014150524 scopus 로고
    • The medical college admission test as related to achievement tests in medicine and to supervisory evaluations of clinical physicians
    • M. A. Howell and J. W. Vincent, "The Medical College Admission Test as Related to Achievement Tests in Medicine and to Supervisory Evaluations of Clinical Physicians", Journal of Medical Education 42(1967):1037-44.
    • (1967) Journal of Medical Education , vol.42 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Howell, M.A.1    Vincent, J.W.2
  • 169
    • 0008824161 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between performance in medical school and residency training
    • V. Johnson, R. D. Miller, and R. P. Gage, "Correlation between Performance in Medical School and Residency Training", Journal of Medical Education 38(1963):591-95.
    • (1963) Journal of Medical Education , vol.38 , pp. 591-595
    • Johnson, V.1    Miller, R.D.2    Gage, R.P.3
  • 171
    • 0344516894 scopus 로고
    • Admissions procedures as forecasters of performance in medical training
    • H. G. Gough, W. B. Hall, and R. E. Harris, "Admissions Procedures as Forecasters of Performance in Medical Training", Journal of Medical Education 38(1963):983-98;
    • (1963) Journal of Medical Education , vol.38 , pp. 983-998
    • Gough, H.G.1    Hall, W.B.2    Harris, R.E.3
  • 172
    • 0000987845 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of performance in medical training
    • Gough, Hall, and Harris, "Evaluation of Performance in Medical Training", Journal of Medical Education 39(1964):679-92;
    • (1964) Journal of Medical Education , vol.39 , pp. 679-692
    • Gough, H.1    Harris2
  • 174
    • 0015609866 scopus 로고
    • Grades as predictors of physicians' career performance: An evaluation literature review
    • J. R. Wingard and J. W. Williamson, "Grades as Predictors of Physicians' Career Performance: An Evaluation Literature Review", Journal of Medical Education 48(1973):311-22.
    • (1973) Journal of Medical Education , vol.48 , pp. 311-322
    • Wingard, J.R.1    Williamson, J.W.2
  • 177
    • 0019802741 scopus 로고
    • Premedical training, personal characteristics and performance in medical school
    • M. W. Herman and J. J. Veloski, "Premedical Training, Personal Characteristics and Performance in Medical School", Medical Education 15(1981):363-67;
    • (1981) Medical Education , vol.15 , pp. 363-367
    • Herman, M.W.1    Veloski, J.J.2
  • 178
    • 0021035694 scopus 로고
    • Validity and importance of low ratings given medical graduates in noncognitive areas
    • Herman, Veloski, M. Hojat, "Validity and Importance of Low Ratings Given Medical Graduates in Noncognitive Areas", Journal of Medical Education 58(1983):837-43.
    • (1983) Journal of Medical Education , vol.58 , pp. 837-843
    • Herman, V.1    Hojat, M.2
  • 179
    • 84944373649 scopus 로고
    • Medical school performance of initially rejected students
    • R. A. De Vaul et al., "Medical School Performance of Initially Rejected Students", JAMA 257(1987):47.
    • (1987) JAMA , vol.257 , pp. 47
    • De Vaul, R.A.1
  • 180
    • 0025262273 scopus 로고
    • Traditional predictors of performance in medical school
    • K. J. Mitchell, "Traditional Predictors of Performance in Medical School", Academic Medicine 65(1990):149-58.
    • (1990) Academic Medicine , vol.65 , pp. 149-158
    • Mitchell, K.J.1
  • 182
    • 0026629187 scopus 로고
    • First-year residents' performance compared with their medical school class rank as determined by three ranking systems
    • L. A. Loftus, L. Arnold, T. L. Willoughby, A. Connolly, "First-year Residents' Performance Compared with Their Medical School Class Rank as Determined by Three Ranking Systems", Academic Medicine 67(1992):319-23.
    • (1992) Academic Medicine , vol.67 , pp. 319-323
    • Loftus, L.A.1    Arnold, L.2    Willoughby, T.L.3    Connolly, A.4
  • 183
    • 0025219941 scopus 로고
    • The mismeasure of medical education
    • N. D. Anderson, "The Mismeasure of Medical Education", Academic Medicine 65(1990):159-60;
    • (1990) Academic Medicine , vol.65 , pp. 159-160
    • Anderson, N.D.1
  • 184
    • 0037019710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing readiness for medical education-evolution of the medical college admissions test
    • W. C. McGaghie, "Assessing Readiness for Medical Education-Evolution of the Medical College Admissions Test", JAMA 288(2002):1085-90.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1085-1090
    • McGaghie, W.C.1
  • 185
    • 84894692983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, "Preparing for the MCAT Exam", available at www.aamc.org/students/mcat/preparing/start.htm.
    • Preparing for the MCAT Exam
  • 186
    • 0030033483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study of the old and new medical college admissions tests for predicting performance on USMLE step I
    • D. B. Swanson, S. M. Case, J. Koenig, and C. D. Killian, "Preliminary Study of the Old and New Medical College Admissions Tests for Predicting Performance on USMLE Step I", Academic Medicine 71(1996):S25-S27.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71
    • Swanson, D.B.1    Case, S.M.2    Koenig, J.3    Killian, C.D.4
  • 187
    • 0029907602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of the medical college admissions tests for predicting performance in the first two years of medical school
    • A. Wiley and J. A. Koenig, "The Validity of the Medical College Admissions Tests for Predicting Performance in the First Two Years of Medical School", Academic Medicine 71(1996):S83-S85.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71
    • Wiley, A.1    Koenig, J.A.2
  • 188
    • 25444477816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of the medical college admissions tests for predicting medical school performance
    • E. R. Julian, "Validity of the Medical College Admissions Tests for Predicting Medical School Performance", Academic Medicine 80(2005):910-17.
    • (2005) Academic Medicine , vol.80 , pp. 910-917
    • Julian, E.R.1
  • 189
    • 0033783102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of students' performances on licensing examinations using age, race, sex, undergraduate GPAS, and MCAT sscores
    • J. J. Veloski, C. A. Callahan, G. Xu, M. Hojat, and D. B. Nash, "Prediction of Students' Performances on Licensing Examinations Using Age, Race, Sex, Undergraduate GPAs, and MCAT Sscores", Academic Medicine 75(2000):S28-S30.
    • (2000) Academic Medicine , vol.75
    • Veloski, J.J.1    Callahan, C.A.2    Xu, G.3    Hojat, M.4    Nash, D.B.5
  • 190
    • 33846015508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictive validity of the MCAT for medical school performance and medical board licensing examinations: A meta-analysis of the published research
    • T. Donnon, E. O. Paolucci, and C. Violato, "The Predictive Validity of the MCAT for Medical School Performance and Medical Board Licensing Examinations: A Meta-analysis of the Published Research, Academic Medicine 82(2007):100-106.
    • (2007) Academic Medicine , vol.82 , pp. 100-106
    • Donnon, T.1    Paolucci, E.O.2    Violato, C.3
  • 191
    • 0033791130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A validity study of the writing sample section of the medical college admission test
    • M. Hojat, J. B. Erdmann, J. J. Veloski et al., "A Validity Study of the Writing Sample Section of the Medical College Admission Test, Academic Medicine 75(2000):S25-S27.
    • (2000) Academic Medicine , vol.75
    • Hojat, M.1    Erdmann, J.B.2    Veloski, J.J.3
  • 192
    • 4544300363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The step 2 clinical-skills examination
    • M. A. Papadakis, "The Step 2 Clinical-Skills Examination", New England Journal of Medicine 350(2004):1703-5.
    • (2004) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.350 , pp. 1703-1705
    • Papadakis, M.A.1
  • 193
    • 0026585754 scopus 로고
    • Six years of comprehensive, clinical, performance-based assessment using standardized patients at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
    • N. V. Vu, H. S. Barrows, M. L. Marcy et al., "Six Years of Comprehensive, Clinical, Performance-Based Assessment Using Standardized Patients at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine", Academic Medicine 67(1992):48.
    • (1992) Academic Medicine , vol.67 , pp. 48
    • Vu, N.V.1    Barrows, H.S.2    Marcy, M.L.3
  • 194
    • 0033018569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between clinical competence and interpersonal and communication skills in standardized patient assessment
    • J. A. Colliver, M. H. Swartz, R. S. Robbs, and D. S. Cohen, "Relationship between Clinical Competence and Interpersonal and Communication Skills in Standardized Patient Assessment", Academic Medicine 74(1999):271-74.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 271-274
    • Colliver, J.A.1    Swartz, M.H.2    Robbs, R.S.3    Cohen, D.S.4
  • 195
    • 0033853727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability of a medical school admission process to predict clinical performance and patients' satisfaction
    • W. T. Basco, G. E. Gilbert, A. W. Chessman, and A. V. Blue, "The Ability of a Medical School Admission Process to Predict Clinical Performance and Patients' Satisfaction", Academic Medicine 75(2000):743-47.
    • (2000) Academic Medicine , vol.75 , pp. 743-747
    • Basco, W.T.1    Gilbert, G.E.2    Chessman, A.W.3    Blue, A.V.4
  • 196
    • 0033840494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of measures to evaluate medical students' performance
    • R. A. Edelstein, H. M. Reid, R. Usatine, and M. S. Wilkes, "A Comparative Study of Measures to Evaluate Medical Students' Performance", Academic Medicine 75(2000):825-33.
    • (2000) Academic Medicine , vol.75 , pp. 825-833
    • Edelstein, R.A.1    Reid, H.M.2    Usatine, R.3    Wilkes, M.S.4
  • 197
    • 0030053689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale high-stakes testing with an OSCE: Report from the medical council of canada
    • R. K. Reznick, D. Blackmore, W. D. Dauphinée, A. I. Rothman, and S. Smee, "Large-Scale High-Stakes Testing with an OSCE: Report from the Medical Council of Canada", Academic Medicine 71(1996):S19-S21.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71
    • Reznick, R.K.1    Blackmore, D.2    Dauphinée, W.D.3    Rothman, A.I.4    Smee, S.5
  • 198
    • 25644439866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the medical college admission test predict clinical reasoning skills? A longitudinal study employing the medical council of canada clinical reasoning examination
    • C. Violato and T. Donnon, "Does the Medical College Admission Test Predict Clinical Reasoning Skills? A Longitudinal Study Employing the Medical Council of Canada Clinical Reasoning Examination", Academic Medicine 80(2005):S14-S16.
    • (2005) Academic Medicine , vol.80
    • Violato, C.1    Donnon, T.2
  • 199
    • 34548445010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician scores on a national clinical skills examination as predictors of complaints to medical regulatory authorities
    • R. Tamblyn, M. Abrahamowicz, W. D. Dauphinée et al., "Physician Scores on a National Clinical Skills Examination as Predictors of Complaints to Medical Regulatory Authorities", JAMA 298(2007):993-1001.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 993-1001
    • Tamblyn, R.1    Abrahamowicz, M.2    Dauphinée, W.D.3
  • 200
    • 34548390153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of assessing and addressing communication skills
    • G. Makoul and R. H. Curry, "The Value of Assessing and Addressing Communication Skills", JAMA 298(2007):1057-59.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 1057-1059
    • Makoul, G.1    Curry, R.H.2
  • 201
    • 84947645320 scopus 로고
    • Doctor or dropout? A study of medical school attrition
    • special edition
    • D. G. Johnson and E. B. Hutchins, "Doctor or Dropout? A Study of Medical School Attrition", special edition, Journal of Medical Education 41(1966):1099-1204.
    • (1966) Journal of Medical Education , vol.41 , pp. 1099-1204
    • Johnson, D.G.1    Hutchins, E.B.2
  • 206
    • 84894873120 scopus 로고
    • Appraising intellectual characteristics
    • chapter 3 in Gee and Cowles, eds., Evanston, IL: Association of American Medical Colleges
    • R. J. Glaser, "Appraising Intellectual Characteristics", chapter 3 in Gee and Cowles, eds., Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School (Evanston, IL: Association of American Medical Colleges, 1957).
    • (1957) Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School
    • Glaser, R.J.1
  • 207
    • 84894795686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraising nonintellectual characteristics
    • chapter 4 in Gee and Cowles, eds
    • J. J. Ceithaml, "Appraising Nonintellectual Characteristics", chapter 4 in Gee and Cowles, eds. Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School.
    • Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School
    • Ceithaml, J.J.1
  • 209
    • 84894688788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selection of medical students via the psychiatric interview
    • Gee and Cowles
    • J. S. Handler, "The Selection of Medical Students via the Psychiatric Interview", in Gee and Cowles, Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School, 67-72.
    • Appraisal of Applicants to Medical School , pp. 67-72
    • Handler, J.S.1
  • 210
    • 0042488018 scopus 로고
    • Personal characteristics of students choosing different types of medical careers
    • C. F. Schumacher, "Personal Characteristics of Students Choosing Different Types of Medical Careers", Journal of Medical Education 39(1964):278-88.
    • (1964) Journal of Medical Education , vol.39 , pp. 278-288
    • Schumacher, C.F.1
  • 211
    • 0347651547 scopus 로고
    • The AAMC longitudinal study: Implications for medical education
    • E. B. Hutchins, "The AAMC Longitudinal Study: Implications for Medical Education", Journal of Medical Education 39(1964):265-77.
    • (1964) Journal of Medical Education , vol.39 , pp. 265-277
    • Hutchins, E.B.1
  • 212
    • 0014094604 scopus 로고
    • Nonintellectual components of medical education
    • J. L. Caughey, "Nonintellectual Components of Medical Education", Journal of Medical Education 42(1967):619.
    • (1967) Journal of Medical Education , vol.42 , pp. 619
    • Caughey, J.L.1
  • 213
    • 0016041971 scopus 로고
    • Personality traits of first-year medical students: Trends over a six-year period, 1967-1972
    • J. Parlow and A. I. Rothman, "Personality Traits of First-year Medical Students: Trends over a Six-year Period, 1967-1972", British Journal of Medical Education 8(1974):8-12.
    • (1974) British Journal of Medical Education , vol.8 , pp. 8-12
    • Parlow, J.1    Rothman, A.I.2
  • 214
    • 84947642944 scopus 로고
    • The characteristics and performance of medical students during clinical training
    • J. V. Haley and M. J. Lerner, "The Characteristics and Performance of Medical Students During Clinical Training", Journal of Medical Education 47(1972):451.
    • (1972) Journal of Medical Education , vol.47 , pp. 451
    • Haley, J.V.1    Lerner, M.J.2
  • 216
    • 0017960013 scopus 로고
    • Some predictive implications of premedical scientific competence and preferences
    • H. G. Gough, "Some Predictive Implications of Premedical Scientific Competence and Preferences", Journal of Medical Education 53(1978):291.
    • (1978) Journal of Medical Education , vol.53 , pp. 291
    • Gough, H.G.1
  • 217
    • 0016717379 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to predict graduation from Medical School
    • H. G. Gough and W. B. Hall, "An Attempt to Predict Graduation from Medical School", Journal of Medical Education 50(1975):940-50.
    • (1975) Journal of Medical Education , vol.50 , pp. 940-950
    • Gough, H.G.1    Hall, W.B.2
  • 219
    • 0024502602 scopus 로고
    • Noncognitive criteria for assessing students in north American Medical Schools
    • G. D. Miller, D. Frank, R. D. Franks, and C. J. Getto, "Noncognitive Criteria for Assessing Students in North American Medical Schools", Academic Medicine 64(1989):42-45.
    • (1989) Academic Medicine , vol.64 , pp. 42-45
    • Miller, G.D.1    Frank, D.2    Franks, R.D.3    Getto, C.J.4
  • 220
    • 0021865286 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating a new approach to selecting medical students
    • Admissions Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
    • G. I. Feletti, R. W. Sanson-Fisher, M. Vidler, and the Admissions Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, "Evaluating a New Approach to Selecting Medical Students", Medical Education 19(1985):276-84.
    • (1985) Medical Education , vol.19 , pp. 276-284
    • Feletti, G.I.1    Sanson-Fisher, R.W.2    Vidler, M.3
  • 221
    • 0023193215 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric interviews and psychological tests as predictors of medical students' success
    • C. K. Aldrich, "Psychiatric Interviews and Psychological Tests as Predictors of Medical Students' Success", Journal of Medical Education 62(1987):658-64.
    • (1987) Journal of Medical Education , vol.62 , pp. 658-664
    • Aldrich, C.K.1
  • 222
    • 0027304763 scopus 로고
    • Students' psychological characteristics as predictors of academic performance in Medical School
    • M. Hojat, M. Robeson, I. Damjanov et al., "Students' Psychological Characteristics as Predictors of Academic Performance in Medical School", Academic Medicine 68(1993):636.
    • (1993) Academic Medicine , vol.68 , pp. 636
    • Hojat, M.1    Robeson, M.2    Damjanov, I.3
  • 223
    • 0029958107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between selected psychosocial attributes and rating of physician competence
    • S105
    • M. Hojat, K. M. Glaser, and J. J. Veloski, "Associations between Selected Psychosocial Attributes and Rating of Physician Competence", Academic Medicine 71(1996):S104, S105.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71
    • Hojat, M.1    Glaser, K.M.2    Veloski, J.J.3
  • 224
    • 0025214526 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on medical school admission" and "qualitative variables in Medical School Admission
    • 145-49
    • W. C. McGaghie, "Perspectives on Medical School Admission" and "Qualitative Variables in Medical School Admission", Academic Medicine 65(1990):136-39, 145-49.
    • (1990) Academic Medicine , vol.65 , pp. 136-139
    • McGaghie, W.C.1
  • 225
    • 0030886809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting medical students' academic performances by their cognitive abilities and personality characteristics
    • H. Shen and A. L. Comrey, "Predicting Medical Students' Academic Performances by Their Cognitive Abilities and Personality Characteristics", Academic Medicine 72(1997):781-86.
    • (1997) Academic Medicine , vol.72 , pp. 781-786
    • Shen, H.1    Comrey, A.L.2
  • 227
    • 0034022260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring emotional intelligence of Medical School applicants
    • R. M. Carrothers, S. W. Gregory, and T. J. Gallagher, "Measuring Emotional Intelligence of Medical School Applicants", Academic Medicine 75(2000):460.
    • (2000) Academic Medicine , vol.75 , pp. 460
    • Carrothers, R.M.1    Gregory, S.W.2    Gallagher, T.J.3
  • 228
  • 229
    • 0032953227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning objectives for medical student education-guidelines for Medical Schools: Report I of the Medical School objectives project
    • Medical School Objectives Writing Group
    • Medical School Objectives Writing Group, "Learning Objectives for
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 13-18
  • 230
    • 0037019710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing readiness for medical education-evolution of the medical college admissions test
    • W. C. McGaghie, "Assessing Readiness for Medical Education-Evolution of the Medical College Admissions Test", JAMA 288(2002):1085-90.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1085-1090
    • McGaghie, W.C.1
  • 232
    • 0037140208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with success in Medical School: Systematic review of the literature
    • E. Ferguson, D. James, and L. Madeley, "Factors Associated with Success in Medical School: Systematic Review of the Literature", BMJ 324(2002):952-57.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 952-957
    • Ferguson, E.1    James, D.2    Madeley, L.3
  • 237
    • 0025265183 scopus 로고
    • The interview: One more life
    • T. C. Taylor, "The Interview: One More Life", Academic Medicine 65(1990):178.
    • (1990) Academic Medicine , vol.65 , pp. 178
    • Taylor, T.C.1
  • 238
    • 0030069876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of interviewers' judgments of medical school candidates
    • P. H. Harasym, W. Woloschuk, H. Mandin, and R. Brundin-Mather, "Reliability and Validity of Interviewers' Judgments of Medical School Candidates", Academic Medicine 71(1996):S40-S42.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71
    • Harasym, P.H.1    Woloschuk, W.2    Mandin, H.3    Brundin-Mather, R.4
  • 239
    • 0030784639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of admission committee voting patterns
    • C. L. Elam and M. M. S. Johnson, "An Analysis of Admission Committee Voting Patterns", Academic Medicine 71(1996):S72-S75.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71
    • Elam, C.L.1    Johnson, M.M.S.2
  • 240
    • 0032723264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic and noncognitive factors affecting placement of medical school applicants on an alternate list
    • J. C. Georgesen, J. F. Wilson, C. L. Elam, and K. S. Stahlman, "Academic and Noncognitive Factors Affecting Placement of Medical School Applicants on an Alternate List", Academic Medicine 74(1999):S65-S67.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74
    • Georgesen, J.C.1    Wilson, J.F.2    Elam, C.L.3    Stahlman, K.S.4
  • 241
    • 0035155646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structured interview for Medical School admission, phase 1: Initial procedures and results
    • L. E. Patrick, E. M. Altmaier, S. Kuperman, and K. Ugolini, "A Structured Interview for Medical School Admission, Phase 1: Initial Procedures and Results", Academic Medicine 76(2001):66-71.
    • (2001) Academic Medicine , vol.76 , pp. 66-71
    • Patrick, L.E.1    Altmaier, E.M.2    Kuperman, S.3    Ugolini, K.4
  • 242
    • 0001793587 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to "physicians for the twenty-first century-report of the project panel on the general professional education of the physician and college preparation for medicine, association of American Medical Colleges"
    • 11 Part 2
    • S. Muller, Introduction to "Physicians for the Twenty-First Century-Report of the Project Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges", Journal of Medical Education 59(11 Part 2) (1984):1.
    • (1984) Journal of Medical Education , vol.59 , pp. 1
    • Muller, S.1
  • 243
    • 85043740534 scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach
    • M. H. Davis, "Measuring Individual Differences in Empathy: Evidence for a Multidimensional Approach", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 44(1983):113-26.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 113-126
    • Davis, M.H.1
  • 245
    • 0032041809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical students' empathetic understanding of their patients
    • W. T. Branch Jr., R. J. Pels, and J. P. Hafler, "Medical Students' Empathetic Understanding of Their Patients", Academic Medicine 73(1998):360.
    • (1998) Academic Medicine , vol.73 , pp. 360
    • Branch Jr., W.T.1    Pels, R.J.2    Hafler, J.P.3
  • 246
    • 0032734712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy, humanism, and the professionalization process of medical education
    • E. R. Marcus, "Empathy, Humanism, and the Professionalization Process of Medical Education", Academic Medicine 74(1999):1211-15.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 1211-1215
    • Marcus, E.R.1
  • 247
    • 0019773154 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of empathy in medical students before and following clinical experience
    • R. A. Diseker and R. Michielutte, "An Analysis of Empathy in Medical Students Before and Following Clinical Experience", Journal of Medical Education 56(1981):1004-10.
    • (1981) Journal of Medical Education , vol.56 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Diseker, R.A.1    Michielutte, R.2
  • 248
    • 34249719524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the relationship between medical knowledge and professionalism among internal medicine residents
    • C. P. West, J. L. Huntington, M. M. Huschka et al., "A Prospective Study of the Relationship between Medical Knowledge and Professionalism among Internal Medicine Residents", Academic Medicine 82(2007):587-92.
    • (2007) Academic Medicine , vol.82 , pp. 587-592
    • West, C.P.1    Huntington, J.L.2    Huschka, M.M.3
  • 249
    • 0030071909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric test results associated with high achievement in basic science components of a medical curriculum
    • P. J. Tutton, "Psychometric Test Results Associated with High Achievement in Basic Science Components of a Medical Curriculum", Academic Medicine 71(1996):181-86.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71 , pp. 181-186
    • Tutton, P.J.1
  • 250
    • 1642537594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the special section on cognitive abilities: 100 years after spearman's (1904) '"general intelligence", Objectively determined and measured'
    • D. Lubinski, "Introduction to the Special Section on Cognitive Abilities: 100 Years After Spearman's (1904) '"General Intelligence", Objectively Determined and Measured, '" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86, no. 1(2004):96-111.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-111
    • Lubinski, D.1
  • 251
    • 0017505828 scopus 로고
    • Role of field-dependent and field-independent cognitive styles in academic evolution: A longitudinal study
    • H. A. Witkin, C. A. Moore, P. K. Oltman et al., "Role of Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Cognitive Styles in Academic Evolution: A Longitudinal Study", Journal of Educational Psychology 69(1977):197-211.
    • (1977) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 197-211
    • Witkin, H.A.1    Moore, C.A.2    Oltman, P.K.3
  • 252
  • 253
  • 255
    • 0036268148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy in medical students as related to academic performance, clinical competence, and gender
    • M. Hojat, J. S. Gonnella, S. Mangione et al., "Empathy in Medical Students as Related to Academic Performance, Clinical Competence, and Gender", Medical Education 36(2002):522-27.
    • (2002) Medical Education , vol.36 , pp. 522-527
    • Hojat, M.1    Gonnella, J.S.2    Mangione, S.3
  • 256
    • 25644442382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional intelligence and clinical skills: Preliminary results from a comprehensive clinical performance examination
    • T. D. Stratton, C. L. Elam, A. E. Murphy-Spencer, and S. L. Quinlivan, "Emotional Intelligence and Clinical Skills: Preliminary Results from a Comprehensive Clinical Performance Examination", Academic Medicine 80(2005):S35.
    • (2005) Academic Medicine , vol.80
    • Stratton, T.D.1    Elam, C.L.2    Murphy-Spencer, A.E.3    Quinlivan, S.L.4
  • 257
    • 0019295755 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of empathy training on the interview skills of medical students
    • A. D. Poole and R. W. Sanson-Fisher, "Long-Term Effects of Empathy Training on the Interview Skills of Medical Students", Patient Counseling and Health Education 2(3) (1980):125-27.
    • (1980) Patient Counseling and Health Education , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-127
    • Poole, A.D.1    Sanson-Fisher, R.W.2
  • 258
    • 33845986761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trouble with assessing students' professionalism: Theoretical insights from sociocognitive psychology
    • C. E. Rees and L. V. Knight, "The Trouble with Assessing Students' Professionalism: Theoretical Insights from Sociocognitive Psychology", Academic Medicine 82(2007):46-50.
    • (2007) Academic Medicine , vol.82 , pp. 46-50
    • Rees, C.E.1    Knight, L.V.2
  • 259
    • 4243132760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is empathy, and how can it be promoted during clinical clerkships?
    • J. Benbassat and R. Baumal R., "What Is Empathy, and How Can It Be Promoted during Clinical Clerkships?" Academic Medicine 79(2004):834.
    • (2004) Academic Medicine , vol.79 , pp. 834
    • Benbassat, J.1    Baumal, R.R.2
  • 261
    • 0027102762 scopus 로고
    • What is empathy and can it be taught?
    • H. Spiro, "What Is Empathy and Can It Be Taught?" Annals of Internal Medicine 116(1992):843.
    • (1992) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.116 , pp. 843
    • Spiro, H.1
  • 262
  • 263
    • 0034972642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanquishing virtue: The impact of medical education
    • J. Coulehan and P. C. Williams, "Vanquishing Virtue: The Impact of Medical Education", Academic Medicine 76(2001):599-601.
    • (2001) Academic Medicine , vol.76 , pp. 599-601
    • Coulehan, J.1    Williams, P.C.2
  • 266
    • 0023139465 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of services to the underserved: A comparison of minority and majority medical graduates in California
    • R. C. Davidson and R. Montoya, "The Distribution of Services to the Underserved: A Comparison of Minority and Majority Medical Graduates in California", Western Journal of Medicine 146(1987):114-17.
    • (1987) Western Journal of Medicine , vol.146 , pp. 114-117
    • Davidson, R.C.1    Montoya, R.2
  • 268
    • 33444470263 scopus 로고
    • Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
    • Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U. S. 265 (1978).
    • (1978) U. S , vol.438 , pp. 265
  • 270
    • 0016775369 scopus 로고
    • Traditional criteria as predictors of minority student success in Medical School
    • D. A. Evans, P. K. Jones, R. A. Wortman, and E. B. Jackson, "Traditional Criteria as Predictors of Minority Student Success in Medical School", Journal of Medical Education 50(1975):934-39.
    • (1975) Journal of Medical Education , vol.50 , pp. 934-939
    • Evans, D.A.1    Jones, P.K.2    Wortman, R.A.3    Jackson, E.B.4
  • 271
    • 10244256573 scopus 로고
    • Performance on the national board of medical examiners part I examination by men and women of different race
    • B. Dawson, C. K. Iwamoto, L. P. Ross et al., "Performance on the National Board of Medical Examiners Part I Examination by Men and Women of Different Race", JAMA 272(1994):674-79.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 674-679
    • Dawson, B.1    Iwamoto, C.K.2    Ross, L.P.3
  • 272
    • 0022367754 scopus 로고
    • Effects of affirmative action in medical schools: A study of the class of 1975
    • S. N. Keith, R. M. Bell, A. G. Swanson, and A. P. Williams, "Effects of Affirmative Action in Medical Schools: A Study of the Class of 1975", New England Journal of Medicine 313(1985):1519-25.
    • (1985) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.313 , pp. 1519-1525
    • Keith, S.N.1    Bell, R.M.2    Swanson, A.G.3    Williams, A.P.4
  • 273
    • 0023139465 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of services to the underserved: A comparison of minority and majority medical graduates in California
    • R. C. Davidson and R. Montoya, "The Distribution of Services to the Underserved: A Comparison of Minority and Majority Medical Graduates in California", Western Journal of Medicine 146(1987):114-17.
    • (1987) Western Journal of Medicine , vol.146 , pp. 114-117
    • Davidson, R.C.1    Montoya, R.2
  • 274
    • 0023779929 scopus 로고
    • Board certification rates of majority and minority graduates of seven California Medical Schools
    • R. C. Davidson and J. Fox-Garcia, "Board Certification Rates of Majority and Minority Graduates of Seven California Medical Schools", Journal of Medical Education 63(1988):656.
    • (1988) Journal of Medical Education , vol.63 , pp. 656
    • Davidson, R.C.1    Fox-Garcia, J.2
  • 275
    • 0030756465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affirmative action and other special consideration admissions at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine
    • R. C. Davidson and E. L. Lewis, "Affirmative Action and Other Special Consideration Admissions at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine", JAMA 278(1997):1153-58.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1153-1158
    • Davidson, R.C.1    Lewis, E.L.2
  • 276
    • 0025284178 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of minority students' MCAT scores and grade point averages to their acceptance into Medical School
    • See K. B. Lynch and M. K. Woode, "The Relationship of Minority Students' MCAT Scores and Grade Point Averages to Their Acceptance into Medical School", Academic Medicine 65(1990):480-82;
    • (1990) Academic Medicine , vol.65 , pp. 480-482
    • Lynch, K.B.1    Woode, M.K.2
  • 277
    • 0025822862 scopus 로고
    • A performance-based method for early identification of medical students at risk of developing academic problems
    • L. G. Croen, M. Reichgott, and R. K. Spencer, "A Performance-based Method for Early Identification of Medical Students at Risk of Developing Academic Problems", Academic Medicine 66(1991):486-88;
    • (1991) Academic Medicine , vol.66 , pp. 486-488
    • Croen, L.G.1    Reichgott, M.2    Spencer, R.K.3
  • 278
    • 0028240231 scopus 로고
    • Performance of underrepresented-minority students at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1987-1991
    • D. Campos-Outcalt, P. J. Rutala, D. B. Witzke, and J. V. Fulginiti, "Performance of Underrepresented-minority Students at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1987-1991", Academic Medicine 69(1994):577-82.
    • (1994) Academic Medicine , vol.69 , pp. 577-582
    • Campos-Outcalt, D.1    Rutala, P.J.2    Witzke, D.B.3    Fulginiti, J.V.4
  • 279
    • 0025248696 scopus 로고
    • Predicting minority students' success in Medical School
    • W. E. Sedlacke and D. O. Prieto, "Predicting Minority Students' Success in Medical School", Academic Medicine 65(1990):161-66.
    • (1990) Academic Medicine , vol.65 , pp. 161-166
    • Sedlacke, W.E.1    Prieto, D.O.2
  • 280
    • 0030832948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thematic review of the literature on underrepresented minorities and medical training, 1981-1995: Securing the foundation of the bridge to diversity
    • A. Tekian, "A Thematic Review of the Literature on Underrepresented Minorities and Medical Training, 1981-1995: Securing the Foundation of the Bridge to Diversity", Academic Medicine 72(1997):S143.
    • (1997) Academic Medicine , vol.72
    • Tekian, A.1
  • 281
    • 0031731190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the predictive validity of MCAT scores across diverse applicant groups
    • J. A. Koenig, S. G. Sireci, and A. Wiley, "Evaluating the Predictive Validity of MCAT Scores across Diverse Applicant Groups", Academic Medicine 73(1998):1095-106.
    • (1998) Academic Medicine , vol.73 , pp. 1095-1106
    • Koenig, J.A.1    Sireci, S.G.2    Wiley, A.3
  • 283
    • 33745509785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health professions partnership initiative and working toward diversity in the health care workforce
    • C. Terrell, "The Health Professions Partnership Initiative and Working Toward Diversity in the Health Care Workforce", Academic Medicine 81(2006):S2.
    • (2006) Academic Medicine , vol.81
    • Terrell, C.1
  • 284
    • 84894772846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See www.hppi-2020.org/HPPIhome.cfm.
  • 286
    • 33745492616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of california, san francisco, fresno latino center for medical education and research health professions pipeline program
    • K. Flores and B. Dominguez, "University of California, San Francisco, Fresno Latino Center for Medical Education and Research Health Professions Pipeline Program", Academic Medicine 81(2006):S36-S40.
    • (2006) Academic Medicine , vol.81
    • Flores, K.1    Dominguez, B.2
  • 287
    • 33846657963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stanford medical youth science program: 18 years of a biomedical program for low-income High School students
    • M. A. Winkleby, "The Stanford Medical Youth Science Program: 18 Years of a Biomedical Program for Low-Income High School Students", Academic Medicine 82(2007):140.
    • (2007) Academic Medicine , vol.82 , pp. 140
    • Winkleby, M.A.1
  • 288
    • 0032966901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minority enrichment programs at the New Jersey Medical School: 26 years in review
    • M. Soto-Greene, L. Wright, O. D. Gona, and L. A. Feldman, "Minority Enrichment Programs at the New Jersey Medical School: 26 Years in Review", Academic Medicine 74(1999):387.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 387
    • Soto-Greene, M.1    Wright, L.2    Gona, O.D.3    Feldman, L.A.4
  • 289
    • 0030053985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventures in education: A pipeline to medical education for minority and economically disadvantaged students
    • M. R. Bediako, B. A. McDermott, M. E. Bleich, and J. A. Colliver, "Ventures in Education: A Pipeline to Medical Education for Minority and Economically Disadvantaged Students", Academic Medicine 71(1996):190-92.
    • (1996) Academic Medicine , vol.71 , pp. 190-192
    • Bediako, M.R.1    McDermott, B.A.2    Bleich, M.E.3    Colliver, J.A.4
  • 290
    • 0031907336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precollege enrichment programs intended to increase the representation of minorities in medicine
    • J. D. Carline, D. G. Patterson, L. A. Davis, and D. M. Irby, "Precollege Enrichment Programs Intended to Increase the Representation of Minorities in Medicine", Academic Medicine 73(1998):297.
    • (1998) Academic Medicine , vol.73 , pp. 297
    • Carline, J.D.1    Patterson, D.G.2    Davis, L.A.3    Irby, D.M.4
  • 291
    • 33745504062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting minority access to health careers through health Profession-Public School partnerships: A review of the literature
    • D. G. Patterson and J. D. Carline, "Promoting Minority Access to Health Careers through Health Profession-Public School Partnerships: A Review of the Literature", Academic Medicine 81(2006):S5-S10.
    • (2006) Academic Medicine , vol.81
    • Patterson, D.G.1    Carline, J.D.2
  • 292
    • 84894846856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See www.rwjf.org/programareas/resources/product.
  • 293
    • 33745509785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health professions partnership initiative and working toward diversity in the health care workforce
    • C. Terrell, "The Health Professions Partnership Initiative and Working Toward Diversity in the Health Care Workforce", Academic Medicine 81(2006):S3.
    • (2006) Academic Medicine , vol.81
    • Terrell, C.1
  • 294
    • 0032966904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why students drop out of the pipeline to health professions careers: A follow-up of gifted minority High School students
    • V. B. Thurmond and L. L. Cregler, "Why Students Drop Out of the Pipeline to Health Professions Careers: A Follow-up of Gifted Minority High School Students", Academic Medicine 74(1999):450.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 450
    • Thurmond, V.B.1    Cregler, L.L.2
  • 295
    • 84894784433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Health Professions, "Health Careers Opportunity Program", available at http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/diversity/hcop/default.htm.
    • Health Careers Opportunity Program
  • 296
    • 84894813842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Health Professions, "Centers of Excellence", available at http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/diversity/coe/default.htm.
    • Centers of Excellence
  • 297
    • 84894709903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The Minority Medical Education Program
    • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, The Minority Medical Education Program, described at www.rwjf.org/pr/product.jsp?id=14475.
  • 299
    • 0032475460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on an intensive educational program for Minority College students and recent graduates on the probability of acceptance to medical school
    • J. C. Cantor, L. Bergeisen, and L. C. Baker, "Effect on an Intensive Educational Program for Minority College Students and Recent Graduates on the Probability of Acceptance to Medical School", JAMA 280(1998):772-76.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 772-776
    • Cantor, J.C.1    Bergeisen, L.2    Baker, L.C.3
  • 300
    • 0031884244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment programs for undergraduate college students intended to increase the representation of minorities in medicine
    • J. D. Carline, D. G. Patterson, L. A. Davis, "Enrichment Programs for Undergraduate College Students Intended to Increase the Representation of Minorities in Medicine", Academic Medicine 73(1998):299-312.
    • (1998) Academic Medicine , vol.73 , pp. 299-312
    • Carline, J.D.1    Patterson, D.G.2    Davis, L.A.3
  • 301
    • 84894758467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration
    • U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, "FY 2009 Budget Justification, Centers of Excellence", available at www.hrsa.gov/about/budgetjustification09/ hpcenter.htm.
    • FY 2009 Budget Justification, Centers of Excellence
  • 303
    • 84894819790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Postbaccalaureate Premedical Programs, available at http://services.aamc.org/postbac.
  • 305
    • 84894766558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California, California Postbaccalaureate Consortium, described at https://meded-postbac.ucsd.edu/index.cfm?curpage= homeonsortiuminformation.
  • 306
    • 0032968514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postbaccalaureate program at Wayne State University School of Medicine: A 30-year report
    • C. F. Whitten, "Postbaccalaureate Program at Wayne State University School of Medicine: A 30-year Report", Academic Medicine 74(1999):393-96.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74 , pp. 393-396
    • Whitten, C.F.1
  • 307
    • 84894876158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wayne State University School of Medicine, Admissions-Minority and Disadvantaged Applicants
    • Wayne State University School of Medicine, Admissions-Minority and Disadvantaged Applicants, described at www.med.wayne.edu/admissions/applying/ selection-process.asp.
  • 310
    • 84894739710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern Illinois University, Medical/Dental Education Preparatory Program, described at www.siumed.edu/medprep/prospective.html.
  • 312
    • 0028090331 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-year follow-up on an enrichment program for students preparing for Health Professions Schools
    • E. W. Jackson and S. McGlinn, "Twenty-year Follow-up on an Enrichment Program for Students Preparing for Health Professions Schools", Academic Medicine 69(1994):925-27.
    • (1994) Academic Medicine , vol.69 , pp. 925-927
    • Jackson, E.W.1    McGlinn, S.2
  • 313
    • 0038293057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blueprint for establishing an effective postbaccalaureate medical school pre-entry program for educationally disadvantaged students
    • A. W. Blakely and L. G. Broussard, "Blueprint for Establishing an Effective Postbaccalaureate Medical School Pre-entry Program for Educationally Disadvantaged Students", Academic Medicine 78(2003):440.
    • (2003) Academic Medicine , vol.78 , pp. 440
    • Blakely, A.W.1    Broussard, L.G.2
  • 314
    • 33748432127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of University of California postbaccalaureate premedical programs in increasing Medical School matriculation for minority and disadvantaged students
    • K. Grumbach and E. Chen, "Effectiveness of University of California Postbaccalaureate Premedical Programs in Increasing Medical School Matriculation for Minority and Disadvantaged Students", JAMA 296(2006):1079-85.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1079-1085
    • Grumbach, K.1    Chen, E.2
  • 316
    • 0034880526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a formal post-baccalaureate pre-medicine program for underrepresented minority students
    • B. Giordani et al., "Effectiveness of a Formal Post-Baccalaureate Pre-Medicine Program for Underrepresented Minority Students", Academic Medicine 76(2001):844-48.
    • (2001) Academic Medicine , vol.76 , pp. 844-848
    • Giordani, B.1
  • 317
    • 0032695881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Watch me do it': Three trajectories toward Medical School admission in a post-baccalaureate, premedical program
    • A. Frohna, "'Watch Me Do It': Three Trajectories Toward Medical School Admission in a Post-Baccalaureate, Premedical Program", Academic Medicine 74(1999):S62-64.
    • (1999) Academic Medicine , vol.74
    • Frohna, A.1
  • 320
    • 77956260325 scopus 로고
    • Remarks made to the tenth annual conference of the council on medical education
    • V. C. Vaughan, "Remarks Made to the Tenth Annual Conference of the Council on Medical Education", American Medical Association Bulletin 9(1914):294.
    • (1914) American Medical Association Bulletin , vol.9 , pp. 294
    • Vaughan, V.C.1
  • 323
    • 33846025088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on "changing premedical requirements"
    • D. B. Kramer, T. S. Higgins, V. U. Collier et al., Comments on "Changing Premedical Requirements", JAMA 297(2007):37.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 37
    • Kramer, D.B.1    Higgins, T.S.2    Collier, V.U.3
  • 324
    • 0003794207 scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, New York: Office of the Director of the Study
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Final Report of the Commission on Medical Education (New York: Office of the Director of the Study, 1932), 288.
    • (1932) Final Report of the Commission on Medical Education , pp. 288
  • 325
    • 84894685801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, described at http://med.cuny.edu.
  • 326
    • 0028197060 scopus 로고
    • The Sophie Davis School of biomedical education: The first 20 years of a unique BS-md program
    • S. A. Roman Jr. and M. L. McGanney, "The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education: The First 20 Years of a Unique BS-MD Program", Academic Medicine 69(1994):224-25.
    • (1994) Academic Medicine , vol.69 , pp. 224-225
    • Roman Jr., S.A.1    McGanney, M.L.2
  • 327
    • 13544275856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing the urban pipeline challenge for the physician workforce: The sophie davis model
    • S. A. Roman Jr., "Addressing the Urban Pipeline Challenge for the Physician Workforce: The Sophie Davis Model", Academic Medicine 79(2004):1177.
    • (2004) Academic Medicine , vol.79 , pp. 1177
    • Roman Jr., S.A.1
  • 330
    • 34247112403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The university of missouri-kansas city school of medicine: Thirty-five years of experience with a nontraditional approach to medical education
    • B. M. Drees, L. Arnold, and H. S. Jonas, "The University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine: Thirty-Five Years of Experience with a Nontraditional Approach to Medical Education", Academic Medicine 82(2007):361-69.
    • (2007) Academic Medicine , vol.82 , pp. 361-369
    • Drees, B.M.1    Arnold, L.2    Jonas, H.S.3
  • 331
    • 0026482608 scopus 로고
    • Curricular variations in Combined Baccalaureate-M. D. Programs
    • A. W. Norman and E. V. Calkins, "Curricular Variations in Combined Baccalaureate-M. D. Programs", Academic Medicine 67(1992):785-91.
    • (1992) Academic Medicine , vol.67 , pp. 785-791
    • Norman, A.W.1    Calkins, E.V.2
  • 332
    • 0037955582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing access to medical education for students from medically underserved communities: One program's success
    • W. A. Thomson, P. G. Ferry, J. E. King, C. Martinez-Wedig, and L. H. Michael, "Increasing Access to Medical Education for Students from Medically Underserved Communities: One Program's Success", Academic Medicine 78(2003):454-59.
    • (2003) Academic Medicine , vol.78 , pp. 454-459
    • Thomson, W.A.1    Ferry, P.G.2    King, J.E.3    Martinez-Wedig, C.4    Michael, L.H.5
  • 333
    • 0034790811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of an early Medical School selection program for underrepresented minority students
    • K. C. Edelin and A. Ugbolue, "Evaluation of an Early Medical School Selection Program for Underrepresented Minority Students", Academic Medicine 76(2001):1056-59.
    • (2001) Academic Medicine , vol.76 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Edelin, K.C.1    Ugbolue, A.2
  • 334
    • 0001793587 scopus 로고
    • Introduction, in "physicians for the twenty-first century: Report of the project panel on the general professional education of the physician and college preparation for medicine, association of american medical colleges"
    • 11 Part 2
    • S. Muller, Introduction, in "Physicians for the Twenty-First Century: Report of the Project Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine, Association of American Medical Colleges", Journal of Medical Education 59(11 Part 2) (1984):1-200.
    • (1984) Journal of Medical Education , vol.59 , pp. 1-200
    • Muller, S.1
  • 335
    • 17144416270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission on Medical Education
    • Commission on Medical Education, Final Report, 267.
    • Final Report , pp. 267
  • 337
    • 84894729961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Humanities and Medicine Program
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Humanities and Medicine Program, available at www.mountsinai.org/Education/School%20of%20Medicine/ Medical%20Education.
  • 338
    • 0033790613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mount sinai humanities and medicine program: An alternative pathway to Medical School
    • M. R. Rifkin, K. D. Smith, B. D. Stimmel, A. Stagnaro-Green, and N. G. Kase, "The Mount Sinai Humanities and Medicine Program: An Alternative Pathway to Medical School", Academic Medicine 75(10 supp) (2000):S124-S126.
    • (2000) Academic Medicine , vol.75 , Issue.10 SUPPL.
    • Rifkin, M.R.1    Smith, K.D.2    Stimmel, B.D.3    Stagnaro-Green, A.4    Kase, N.G.5
  • 339
    • 84894778679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McMaster University
    • McMaster University, "Undergraduate MD Program", available at http://65.39.131.180/ContentPage.aspx?name=MD%20Program%20Home.
    • Undergraduate MD Program
  • 341
    • 84894727044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McMaster University
    • McMaster University, "Undergraduate MD Program, Admissions", available at http://65.39.131.180/ContentPage.aspx?name=MD-Program-Admissions.
    • Undergraduate MD Program, Admissions
  • 343
    • 0016277955 scopus 로고
    • The 'mcmaster philosophy': An approach to medical education
    • V. R. Neufeld and H. S. Barrows, "The 'McMaster Philosophy': An Approach to Medical Education", Journal of Medical Education 49(1974):1049.
    • (1974) Journal of Medical Education , vol.49 , pp. 1049
    • Neufeld, V.R.1    Barrows, H.S.2
  • 344
    • 0017156013 scopus 로고
    • The mcmaster curriculum: A critique
    • J. D. Hamilton, "The McMaster Curriculum: A Critique", British Medical Journal 1(6019) (1976):1194.
    • (1976) British Medical Journal , vol.1 , Issue.6019 , pp. 1194
    • Hamilton, J.D.1
  • 345
    • 0020514140 scopus 로고
    • Can the academic background of medical graduates be detected during internship?
    • C. A. Woodward and R. G. McAuley, "Can the Academic Background of Medical Graduates Be Detected during Internship?" Canadian Medical Association Journal 129(1983):567-69.
    • (1983) Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.129 , pp. 567-569
    • Woodward, C.A.1    McAuley, R.G.2
  • 346
    • 34748882431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical school admissions: Revisiting the veracity and independence of completion of an autobiographical screening tool
    • M. D. Hanson, K. L. Dore, H. I. Reiter, and K. W. Eva, "Medical School Admissions: Revisiting the Veracity and Independence of Completion of an Autobiographical Screening Tool", Academic Medicine 82(10 Suppl.) (2007):S8-S11.
    • (2007) Academic Medicine , vol.82 , Issue.10 SUPPL.
    • Hanson, M.D.1    Dore, K.L.2    Reiter, H.I.3    Eva, K.W.4
  • 348
    • 4644325686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability of the multiple mini-interview to predict preclerkship performance in medical school
    • K. W. Eva, H. I. Reiter, J. Rosenfeld, and G. R. Norman, "The Ability of the Multiple Mini-Interview to Predict Preclerkship Performance in Medical School", Academic Medicine 79(10 Suppl) (2004):S40-S42.
    • (2004) Academic Medicine , vol.79 , Issue.10 SUPPL.
    • Eva, K.W.1    Reiter, H.I.2    Rosenfeld, J.3    Norman, G.R.4
  • 349
    • 34147176617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mini-interviews predict clerkship and licensing examination performance
    • H. I. Reiter, K. W. Eva, J. Rosenfeld, and G. R. Norman, "Multiple Mini-interviews Predict Clerkship and Licensing Examination Performance", Medical Education 41(2007):378-84.
    • (2007) Medical Education , vol.41 , pp. 378-384
    • Reiter, H.I.1    Eva, K.W.2    Rosenfeld, J.3    Norman, G.R.4
  • 350
    • 3342926373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where judgement fails: Pitfalls in the selection process for medical personnel
    • K. W. Eva and H. I. Reiter, "Where Judgement Fails: Pitfalls in the Selection Process for Medical Personnel", Advances in Health Sciences Education 9(2004):168.
    • (2004) Advances in Health Sciences Education , vol.9 , pp. 168
    • Eva, K.W.1    Reiter, H.I.2
  • 352
    • 84894764822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maryland medical history
    • Johns Hopkins University Curricular Bulletin, 1877, as quoted by, in
    • Johns Hopkins University Curricular Bulletin, 1877, as quoted by R. H. Fishbein in "Maryland Medical History", Maryland Medical Journal 48(1999):229.
    • (1999) Maryland Medical Journal , vol.48 , pp. 229
    • Fishbein, R.H.1
  • 353
    • 77049207038 scopus 로고
    • Some myths about Medical School admissions
    • D. H. Funkenstein, "Some Myths about Medical School Admissions", Journal of Medical Education 30(1955):81.
    • (1955) Journal of Medical Education , vol.30 , pp. 81
    • Funkenstein, D.H.1
  • 355
    • 0003794207 scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, New York: Office of the Director of the Study
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Final Report of the Commission on Medical Education (New York: Office of the Director of the Study, 1932), 267.
    • (1932) Final Report of the Commission on Medical Education , pp. 267
  • 357
    • 84894754522 scopus 로고
    • Introduction, physicians for the twenty-first century
    • S. Muller, "Introduction, Physicians for the Twenty-First Century", Journal of Medical Education 59(11 Part 2) (1984):2.
    • (1984) Journal of Medical Education , vol.59 , Issue.11 PART 2 , pp. 2
    • Muller, S.1
  • 359
    • 84894697479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflections on medical education and some of the problems of selection
    • Gee and Cowles
    • T. R. McConnell, "Reflections on Medical Education and Some of the Problems of Selection", in Gee and Cowles, Appraisal of Applicants, 16.
    • Appraisal of Applicants , pp. 16
    • McConnell, T.R.1
  • 362
    • 47549115587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance and rigor in premedical education
    • J. L. Dienstag, "Relevance and Rigor in Premedical Education", New England Journal of Medicine 359(2008):221.
    • (2008) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.359 , pp. 221
    • Dienstag, J.L.1
  • 363
    • 47549115587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance and rigor in premedical education
    • J. L. Dienstag, "Relevance and Rigor in Premedical Education", New England Journal of Medicine 359(2008):223.
    • (2008) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.359 , pp. 223
    • Dienstag, J.L.1
  • 364
    • 84877679329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 2009
    • Association of American Medical Colleges, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, "Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians", 2009, available at www.aamc.org/scientificfoundations.
    • Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians
  • 365
    • 66749163272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science for future physicians
    • S. Long, and R. Alpern, "Science for Future Physicians", Science 324(2009):1241.
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 1241
    • Long, S.1    Alpern, R.2
  • 366
    • 84894800659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Humanities and Medicine Program
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Humanities and Medicine Program, described at www.mountsinai.org/Education/School%20of%20Medicine/ Medical%20Education.
  • 368
    • 0035630515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undergraduate science majors: Gender differences in who goes to graduate school
    • L. J. Sax, "Undergraduate Science Majors: Gender Differences in Who Goes to Graduate School", Review of Higher Education 24(2001):153-72;
    • (2001) Review of Higher Education , vol.24 , pp. 153-172
    • Sax, L.J.1
  • 369
    • 0035606937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning professional confidence: Linking teaching practices, students' self-perceptions, and gender
    • C. L. Colbeck, A. F. Cabrera, and P. T. Terenzini, "Learning Professional Confidence: Linking Teaching Practices, Students' Self-Perceptions, and Gender", Review of Higher Education 24(2001):173-91;
    • (2001) Review of Higher Education , vol.24 , pp. 173-191
    • Colbeck, C.L.1    Cabrera, A.F.2    Terenzini, P.T.3
  • 370
    • 0347039009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is feminist pedagogy? Useful ideas for teaching chemistry
    • C. H. Middlecamp and B. Subramaniam, "What Is Feminist Pedagogy? Useful Ideas for Teaching Chemistry", Journal of Chemical Education 76(1999):520-25;
    • (1999) Journal of Chemical Education , vol.76 , pp. 520-525
    • Middlecamp, C.H.1    Subramaniam, B.2
  • 375
    • 33748423736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing premed requirements and the medical curriculum
    • E. J. Emanuel, "Changing Premed Requirements and the Medical Curriculum", JAMA 296(2006):1129.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1129
    • Emanuel, E.J.1
  • 376
    • 33846025088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on "changing premedical requirements"
    • D. B. Kramer, T. S. Higgins, V. U. Collier et al., Comments on "Changing Premedical Requirements", JAMA 297(2007):37-38.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.297 , pp. 37-38
    • Kramer, D.B.1    Higgins, T.S.2    Collier, V.U.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.