Pathway analysis for drug repositioning based on public database mining

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 407-418

  Pan, Yongmei ^a   Cheng, Tiejun ^a   Wang, Yanli ^a   Bryant, Stephen H ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIRDS; DATABASE SYSTEMS;

CLINICAL TRIAL; DATA RETRIEVAL; DRUG REPOSITIONING; IN-VITRO TESTS; PATHWAY ANALYSIS; PUBLIC DATABASE; THERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS; THERAPEUTIC USE;

DATA MINING;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CELL RECEPTOR;

ARTICLE; DATA MINING; DRUG DATABASE; DRUG REPOSITIONING; HUMAN; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DATA MINING; DATABASES, PHARMACEUTICAL; DRUG REPOSITIONING; HUMANS; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR;

EID: 84894660885     PISSN: 15499596     EISSN: 1549960X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ci4005354     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Chen, B.; Wild, D.; Guha, R. PubChem as a source of polypharmacology J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2009, 49 (9) 2044-55
2. Cheng, T.; Li, Q.; Wang, Y.; Bryant, S. H. Identifying compound-target associations by combining bioactivity profile similarity search and public databases mining J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2011, 51 (9) 2440-8
3. Cheng, T.; Wang, Y.; Bryant, S. H. Investigating the correlations among the chemical structures, bioactivity profiles and molecular targets of small molecules Bioinformatics 2010, 26 (22) 2881-8
4. Covell, D. G. Integrating constitutive gene expression and chemoactivity: mining the NCI60 anticancer screen PLoS One 2012, 7 (10) e44631
5. Huang, R.; Wallqvist, A.; Thanki, N.; Covell, D. G. Linking pathway gene expressions to the growth inhibition response from the National Cancer Institute's anticancer screen and drug mechanism of action Pharmacogenomics J. 2005, 5 (6) 381-99
6. Williams-DeVane, C. R.; Wolf, M. A.; Richard, A. M. DSSTox chemical-index files for exposure-related experiments in ArrayExpress and Gene Expression Omnibus: enabling toxico-chemogenomics data linkages Bioinformatics 2009, 25 (5) 692-4
7. Williams-Devane, C. R.; Wolf, M. A.; Richard, A. M. Toward a public toxicogenomics capability for supporting predictive toxicology: survey of current resources and chemical indexing of experiments in GEO and ArrayExpress Toxicol. Sci. 2009, 109 (2) 358-71
8. Huang, R.; Wallqvist, A.; Covell, D. G. Anticancer metal compounds in NCI's tumor-screening database: putative mode of action Biochem. Pharmacol. 2005, 69 (7) 1009-39
9. Huang, R.; Wallqvist, A.; Covell, D. G. Comprehensive analysis of pathway or functionally related gene expression in the National Cancer Institute's anticancer screen Genomics 2006, 87 (3) 315-28
10. Nair, P. Second act: Drug repurposing gets a boost as academic researchers join the search for novel uses of existing drugs Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2013, 110 (7) 2430-2
11. Dudley, J. T.; Deshpande, T.; Butte, A. J. Exploiting drug-disease relationships for computational drug repositioning Briefings Bioinf. 2011, 12 (4) 303-11
12. Dudley, J. T.; Sirota, M.; Shenoy, M.; Pai, R. K.; Roedder, S.; Chiang, A. P.; Morgan, A. A.; Sarwal, M. M.; Pasricha, P. J.; Butte, A. J. Computational repositioning of the anticonvulsant topiramate for inflammatory bowel disease Sci. Transl. Med. 2011, 3 (96) 96ra76
13. Lamb, J.; Crawford, E. D.; Peck, D.; Modell, J. W.; Blat, I. C.; Wrobel, M. J.; Lerner, J.; Brunet, J. P.; Subramanian, A.; Ross, K. N.; Reich, M.; Hieronymus, H.; Wei, G.; Armstrong, S. A.; Haggarty, S. J.; Clemons, P. A.; Wei, R.; Carr, S. A.; Lander, E. S.; Golub, T. R. The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease Science 2006, 313 (5795) 1929-35
14. Sirota, M.; Dudley, J. T.; Kim, J.; Chiang, A. P.; Morgan, A. A.; Sweet-Cordero, A.; Sage, J.; Butte, A. J. Discovery and preclinical validation of drug indications using compendia of public gene expression data Sci. Transl. Med. 2011, 3 (96) 96ra77
15. Ekins, S.; Williams, A. J.; Krasowski, M. D.; Freundlich, J. S. In silico repositioning of approved drugs for rare and neglected diseases Drug Discovery Today 2011, 16 (7-8) 298-310
16. Lynch, C.; Pan, Y.; Li, L.; Ferguson, S. S.; Xia, M.; Swaan, P. W.; Wang, H. Identification of novel activators of constitutive androstane receptor from FDA-approved drugs by integrated computational and biological approaches Pharm. Res. 2013, 30 (2) 489-501
17. Pan, Y.; Chothe, P. P.; Swaan, P. W. Identification of novel breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitors by virtual screening Mol. Pharmacol. 2013, 10 (4) 1236-48
18. Pan, Y.; Li, L.; Kim, G.; Ekins, S.; Wang, H.; Swaan, P. W. Identification and validation of novel human pregnane X receptor activators among prescribed drugs via ligand-based virtual screening Drug Metab. Dispos. 2011, 39 (2) 337-44
19. Li, Y.; Agarwal, P. A pathway-based view of human diseases and disease relationships PLoS One 2009, 4 (2) e4346
20. Barrett, T.; Wilhite, S. E.; Ledoux, P.; Evangelista, C.; Kim, I. F.; Tomashevsky, M.; Marshall, K. A.; Phillippy, K. H.; Sherman, P. M.; Holko, M.; Yefanov, A.; Lee, H.; Zhang, N.; Robertson, C. L.; Serova, N.; Davis, S.; Soboleva, A. NCBI GEO: archive for functional genomics data sets - update Nucleic Acids Res. 2013, 41 (Database issue) D991-5
21. Jahchan, N. S.; Dudley, J. T.; Mazur, P. K.; Flores, N.; Yang, D.; Palmerton, A.; Zmoos, A. F.; Vaka, D.; Tran, K. Q.; Zhou, M.; Krasinska, K.; Riess, J. W.; Neal, J. W.; Khatri, P.; Park, K. S.; Butte, A. J.; Sage, J. A Drug Repositioning Approach Identifies Tricyclic Antidepressants as Inhibitors of Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancer Discovery 2013, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-018.
22. Smith, S. B.; Dampier, W.; Tozeren, A.; Brown, J. R.; Magid-Slav, M. Identification of common biological pathways and drug targets across multiple respiratory viruses based on human host gene expression analysis PLoS One 2012, 7 (3) e33174
23. Madej, T.; Addess, K. J.; Fong, J. H.; Geer, L. Y.; Geer, R. C.; Lanczycki, C. J.; Liu, C.; Lu, S.; Marchler-Bauer, A.; Panchenko, A. R.; Chen, J.; Thiessen, P. A.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, D.; Bryant, S. H. MMDB: 3D structures and macromolecular interactions Nucleic Acids Res. 2012, 40 (Database issue) D461-4
24. Berman, H.; Henrick, K.; Nakamura, H.; Markley, J. L. The worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB): ensuring a single, uniform archive of PDB data Nucleic Acids Res. 2007, 35 (Database issue) D301-3
25. Li, Q.; Cheng, T.; Wang, Y.; Bryant, S. H. PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery Drug Discovery Today 2010, 15 (23-24) 1052-7
26. Wheeler, D. L.; Barrett, T.; Benson, D. A.; Bryant, S. H.; Canese, K.; Chetvernin, V.; Church, D. M. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Nucleic Acids Res. 2013, 41 (Database issue) D8-D20
27. Wang, Y.; Xiao, J.; Suzek, T. O.; Zhang, J.; Wang, J.; Zhou, Z.; Han, L.; Karapetyan, K.; Dracheva, S.; Shoemaker, B. A.; Bolton, E.; Gindulyte, A.; Bryant, S. H. PubChem's BioAssay Database Nucleic Acids Res. 2012, 40 (Database issue) D400-12
28. Edgar, R.; Domrachev, M.; Lash, A. E. Gene Expression Omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository Nucleic Acids Res. 2002, 30 (1) 207-10
29. Geer, L. Y.; Marchler-Bauer, A.; Geer, R. C.; Han, L.; He, J.; He, S.; Liu, C.; Shi, W.; Bryant, S. H. The NCBI BioSystems database Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, 38 (Database issue) D492-6
30. Kanehisa, M.; Araki, M.; Goto, S.; Hattori, M.; Hirakawa, M.; Itoh, M.; Katayama, T.; Kawashima, S.; Okuda, S.; Tokimatsu, T.; Yamanishi, Y. KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36 (Database issue) D480-4
31. Keseler, I. M.; Bonavides-Martinez, C.; Collado-Vides, J.; Gama-Castro, S.; Gunsalus, R. P.; Johnson, D. A.; Krummenacker, M.; Nolan, L. M.; Paley, S.; Paulsen, I. T.; Peralta-Gil, M.; Santos-Zavaleta, A.; Shearer, A. G.; Karp, P. D. EcoCyc: a comprehensive view of Escherichia coli biology Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue) D464-70
32. Matthews, L.; Gopinath, G.; Gillespie, M.; Caudy, M.; Croft, D.; de Bono, B.; Garapati, P.; Hemish, J.; Hermjakob, H.; Jassal, B.; Kanapin, A.; Lewis, S.; Mahajan, S.; May, B.; Schmidt, E.; Vastrik, I.; Wu, G.; Birney, E.; Stein, L.; D'Eustachio, P. Reactome knowledgebase of human biological pathways and processes Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue) D619-22
33. Schaefer, C. F.; Anthony, K.; Krupa, S.; Buchoff, J.; Day, M.; Hannay, T.; Buetow, K. H. PID: the Pathway Interaction Database Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37 (Database issue) D674-9
34. Kelder, T.; Pico, A. R.; Hanspers, K.; van Iersel, M. P.; Evelo, C.; Conklin, B. R. Mining biological pathways using WikiPathways web services PLoS One 2009, 4 (7) e6447
35. Pico, A. R.; Kelder, T.; van Iersel, M. P.; Hanspers, K.; Conklin, B. R.; Evelo, C. WikiPathways: pathway editing for the people PLoS Biol. 2008, 6 (7) e184
36. Ashburner, M.; Ball, C. A.; Blake, J. A.; Botstein, D.; Butler, H.; Cherry, J. M.; Davis, A. P.; Dolinski, K.; Dwight, S. S.; Eppig, J. T.; Harris, M. A.; Hill, D. P.; Issel-Tarver, L.; Kasarskis, A.; Lewis, S.; Matese, J. C.; Richardson, J. E.; Ringwald, M.; Rubin, G. M.; Sherlock, G. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium Nat. Genet. 2000, 25 (1) 25-9
37. Wishart, D. S.; Knox, C.; Guo, A. C.; Cheng, D.; Shrivastava, S.; Tzur, D.; Gautam, B.; Hassanali, M. DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36 (Database issue) D901-6
38. Wishart, D. S.; Knox, C.; Guo, A. C.; Shrivastava, S.; Hassanali, M.; Stothard, P.; Chang, Z.; Woolsey, J. DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration Nucleic Acids Res. 2006, 34 (Database issue) D668-72
39. Entrez Programming Utilities Help. In NCBI help Mannual; NCBI: Bethesda, MD, 2010.
40. Maglott, D.; Ostell, J.; Pruitt, K. D.; Tatusova, T. Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39 (Database issue) D52-7
41. Huang da, W.; Sherman, B. T.; Lempicki, R. A. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources Nat. Protoc. 2009, 4 (1) 44-57
42. Baselga, J.; Albanell, J.; Ruiz, A.; Lluch, A.; Gascon, P.; Guillem, V.; Gonzalez, S.; Sauleda, S.; Marimon, I.; Tabernero, J. M.; Koehler, M. T.; Rojo, F. Phase II and tumor pharmacodynamic study of gefitinib in patients with advanced breast cancer J. Clin. Oncol. 2005, 23 (23) 5323-33
43. Pao, W.; Miller, V.; Zakowski, M.; Doherty, J.; Politi, K.; Sarkaria, I.; Singh, B.; Heelan, R.; Rusch, V.; Fulton, L.; Mardis, E.; Kupfer, D.; Wilson, R.; Kris, M.; Varmus, H. EGF receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from ″never smokers″ and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib and erlotinib Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101 (36) 13306-11
44. Sordella, R.; Bell, D. W.; Haber, D. A.; Settleman, J. Gefitinib-sensitizing EGFR mutations in lung cancer activate anti-apoptotic pathways Science 2004, 305 (5687) 1163-7
45. Mohammed, A.; Janakiram, N. B.; Li, Q.; Madka, V.; Ely, M.; Lightfoot, S.; Crawford, H.; Steele, V. E.; Rao, C. V. The epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib prevents the progression of pancreatic lesions to carcinoma in a conditional LSL-KrasG12D/+ transgenic mouse model Cancer Prev. Res. 2010, 3 (11) 1417-26
46. Li, J.; Kleeff, J.; Giese, N.; Buchler, M. W.; Korc, M.; Friess, H. Gefitinib ('Iressa,' ZD1839), a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth, invasion, and colony formation Int. J. Oncol. 2004, 25 (1) 203-10
47. Parker, J. J.; Dionne, K. R.; Massarwa, R.; Klaassen, M.; Foreman, N. K.; Niswander, L.; Canoll, P.; Kleinschmidt-Demasters, B. K.; Waziri, A., Gefitinib selectively inhibits tumor cell migration in EGFR-amplified human glioblastoma. Neurooncology (Amsterdam) 2013.
48. Colquhoun, A. J.; McHugh, L. A.; Tulchinsky, E.; Kriajevska, M.; Mellon, J. K. Combination treatment with ionising radiation and gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839), an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, significantly inhibits bladder cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo J. Radiat. Res. 2007, 48 (5) 351-60
49. Lubet, R. A.; Lu, Y.; Bode, A. M.; You, M.; Verney, Z. M.; Steele, V. E.; Townsend, R.; Juliana, M. M.; Grubbs, C. J. Efficacy of the EGFr inhibitor Iressa on development of chemically-induced urinary bladder cancers: dose dependency and modulation of biomarkers Oncol. Rep. 2011, 25 (5) 1389-97
50. Lubet, R. A.; Steele, V. E.; Juliana, M. M.; Grubbs, C. J. Screening agents for preventive efficacy in a bladder cancer model: study design, end points, and gefitinib and naproxen efficacy J. Urol. (Paris) 2010, 183 (4) 1598-603
51. Brand, T. M.; Iida, M.; Li, C.; Wheeler, D. L. The nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor signaling network and its role in cancer Discovery Med. 2011, 12 (66) 419-32
52. Van den Eynde, M.; Baurain, J. F.; Mazzeo, F.; Machiels, J. P. Epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapies for solid tumours Acta Clin. Belg. 2011, 66 (1) 10-7
53. Fratto, M. E.; Santini, D.; Vincenzi, B.; Silvestris, N.; Azzariti, A.; Tommasi, S.; Zoccoli, A.; Galluzzo, S.; Maiello, E.; Colucci, G.; Tonini, G. Targeting EGFR in bilio-pancreatic and liver carcinoma Front. Biosci., Scholar Ed. 2011, 3, 16-22
54. Modjtahedi, H.; Essapen, S. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in cancer treatment: advances, challenges and opportunities Anticancer Drugs 2009, 20 (10) 851-5
55. Chang, Y. S.; Chung, J. H.; Shin, D. H.; Chung, K. Y.; Kim, Y. S.; Chang, J.; Kim, S. K. Retinoic acid receptor-beta expression in stage I non-small cell lung cancer and adjacent normal appearing bronchial epithelium Yonsei Med. J. 2004, 45 (3) 435-42
56. Pearson, M. A.; Fabbro, D. Targeting protein kinases in cancer therapy: a success? Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 2004, 4 (6) 1113-24
57. Ventura, J. J.; Nebreda, A. R. Protein kinases and phosphatases as therapeutic targets in cancer Clin. Transl. Oncol. 2006, 8 (3) 153-60
58. Solomon, S. D.; McMurray, J. J.; Pfeffer, M. A.; Wittes, J.; Fowler, R.; Finn, P.; Anderson, W. F.; Zauber, A.; Hawk, E.; Bertagnolli, M. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention N. Engl. J. Med. 2005, 352 (11) 1071-80
59. Yelland, M. J.; Nikles, C. J.; McNairn, N.; Del Mar, C. B.; Schluter, P. J.; Brown, R. M. Celecoxib compared with sustained-release paracetamol for osteoarthritis: a series of n-of-1 trials Rheumatology (Oxford, U. K.) 2007, 46 (1) 135-40
60. Brandao, R. D.; Veeck, J.; Van de Vijver, K. K.; Lindsey, P.; de Vries, B.; van Elssen, C. H.; Blok, M. J.; Keymeulen, K.; Ayoubi, T.; Smeets, H. J.; Tjan-Heijnen, V. C.; Hupperets, P. S. A randomised controlled phase II trial of pre-operative celecoxib treatment reveals anti-tumour transcriptional response in primary breast cancer Breast Cancer Res. 2013, 15 (2) R29
61. Chow, L. W.; Tung, S. Y.; Ng, T. Y.; Im, S. A.; Lee, M. H.; Yip, A. Y.; Toi, M.; Gluck, S. Concurrent celecoxib with 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/ cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel for stages II-III invasive breast cancer: the OOTR-N001 study Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs 2013, 22 (3) 299-307
62. Morisaki, T.; Umebayashi, M.; Kiyota, A.; Koya, N.; Tanaka, H.; Onishi, H.; Katano, M. Combining celecoxib with sorafenib synergistically inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro Anticancer Res. 2013, 33 (4) 1387-95
63. Patel, A. R.; Chougule, M. B.; Patlolla, R.; Wang, G.; Singh, M. Efficacy of aerosolized celecoxib encapsulated nanostructured lipid carrier in non-small cell lung cancer in combination with docetaxel Pharm. Res. 2013, 30 (5) 1435-46
64. Perroud, H. A.; Rico, M. J.; Alasino, C. M.; Queralt, F.; Mainetti, L. E.; Pezzotto, S. M.; Rozados, V. R.; Scharovsky, O. G. Safety and therapeutic effect of metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and celecoxib in advanced breast cancer patients Future Oncol. 2013, 9 (3) 451-62
65. Wang, Y. J.; Niu, X. P.; Yang, L.; Han, Z.; Ma, Y. J. Effects of celecoxib on cycle kinetics of gastric cancer cells and protein expression of cytochrome C and caspase-9 Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2013, 14 (4) 2343-7
66. Zhang, B.; Ma, X.; Li, Z.; Gao, X.; Wang, F.; Liu, L.; Shen, G.; Sang, Y.; Li, M.; Li, Y.; Zhao, J.; Wei, Y. Celecoxib enhances the efficacy of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene therapy in treating murine breast cancer J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2013, 139 (5) 797-807
67. Zhang, D. Q.; Guo, Q.; Zhu, J. H.; Chen, W. C. Increase of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib combined with 5-FU enhances tumor cell apoptosis and antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous implantation tumor model of human colon cancer World J. Surg. Oncol. 2013, 11, 16
68. Al-Wadei, H. A.; Al-Wadei, M. H.; Ullah, M. F.; Schuller, H. M. Celecoxib and GABA cooperatively prevent the progression of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in xenograft models of stress-free and stress-exposed mice PLoS One 2012, 7 (8) e43376
69. Rosendahl, A. H.; Gundewar, C.; Said, K.; Karnevi, E.; Andersson, R. Celecoxib synergizes human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells to sorafenib-induced growth inhibition Pancreatology 2012, 12 (3) 219-26
70. Ding, X.; Zhu, C.; Qiang, H.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, G. Enhancing antitumor effects in pancreatic cancer cells by combined use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors Biomed. Pharmacother. 2011, 65 (7) 486-90
71. Arjona-Sanchez, A.; Ruiz-Rabelo, J.; Perea, M. D.; Vazquez, R.; Cruz, A.; Munoz Mdel, C.; Tunez, I.; Muntane, J.; Padillo, F. J. Effects of capecitabine and celecoxib in experimental pancreatic cancer Pancreatology 2010, 10 (5) 641-7
72. Padillo, F. J.; Ruiz-Rabelo, J. F.; Cruz, A.; Perea, M. D.; Tasset, I.; Montilla, P.; Tunez, I.; Muntane, J. Melatonin and celecoxib improve the outcomes in hamsters with experimental pancreatic cancer J. Pineal Res. 2010, 49 (3) 264-70
73. Koch, A.; Bergman, B.; Holmberg, E.; Sederholm, C.; Ek, L.; Kosieradzki, J.; Lamberg, K.; Thaning, L.; Ydreborg, S. O.; Sorenson, S. Effect of celecoxib on survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a double blind randomised clinical phase III trial (CYCLUS study) by the Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group Eur. J. Cancer 2011, 47 (10) 1546-55
74. Gore, E.; Bae, K.; Langer, C.; Extermann, M.; Movsas, B.; Okunieff, P.; Videtic, G.; Choy, H. Phase I/II trial of a COX-2 inhibitor with limited field radiation for intermediate prognosis patients who have locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: radiation therapy oncology group 0213 Clin Lung Cancer 2011, 12 (2) 125-30
75. Klenke, F. M.; Abdollahi, A.; Bischof, M.; Gebhard, M. M.; Ewerbeck, V.; Huber, P. E.; Sckell, A. Celecoxib enhances radiation response of secondary bone tumors of a human non-small cell lung cancer via antiangiogenesis in vivo Strahlenther. Onkol. 2011, 187 (1) 45-51
76. Komaki, R.; Wei, X.; Allen, P. K.; Liao, Z.; Milas, L.; Cox, J. D.; O'Reilly, M. S.; Chang, J. Y.; McAleer, M. F.; Jeter, M.; Blumenschein, G. R., Jr.; Kies, M. S. Phase I study of celecoxib with concurrent irinotecan, Cisplatin, and radiation therapy for patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer Front. Oncol. 2011, 1, 52
77. Aruajo, A. M.; Mendez, J. C.; Coelho, A. L.; Sousa, B.; Barata, F.; Figueiredo, A.; Amaro, T.; Azevedo, I.; Soares, M. Phase II study of celecoxib with cisplatin plus etoposide in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer Cancer Invest. 2009, 27 (4) 391-6
78. Natale, R. B. Irinotecan, cisplatin/carboplatin, and COX-2 inhibition in small-cell lung cancer Oncology (Williston Park) 2003, 17 (7 Suppl 7) 22-6
79. Jendrossek, V. Targeting apoptosis pathways by Celecoxib in cancer Cancer Lett. 2013, 332 (2) 313-24
80. Dempke, W.; Rie, C.; Grothey, A.; Schmoll, H. J. Cyclooxygenase-2: a novel target for cancer chemotherapy? J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 2001, 127 (7) 411-7
81. Shao, N.; Feng, N.; Wang, Y.; Mi, Y.; Li, T.; Hua, L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of COX-2 expression and polymorphisms in prostate cancer Mol. Biol. Rep. 2012, 39 (12) 10997-1004
82. Wang, R.; Guo, L.; Wang, P.; Yang, W.; Lu, Y.; Huang, Z.; Tang, C. Chemoprevention of cancers in gastrointestinal tract with cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors Curr. Pharm. Des. 2013, 19 (1) 115-25
83. Kraus, S.; Naumov, I.; Arber, N. COX-2 active agents in the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer Recent Results Cancer Res. 2013, 191, 95-103
84. Garcia Rodriguez, L. A.; Cea-Soriano, L.; Tacconelli, S.; Patrignani, P. Coxibs: pharmacology, toxicity and efficacy in cancer clinical trials Recent Results Cancer Res. 2013, 191, 67-93
85. Jordan, V. C. Tamoxifen (ICI46,474) as a targeted therapy to treat and prevent breast cancer Br. J. Pharmacol. 2006, 147 (Suppl 1) S269-76
86. Tomao, S.; Romiti, A.; Massidda, B.; Ionta, M. T.; Farris, A.; Zullo, A.; Brescia, A.; Santuari, L.; Frati, L. A phase II study of gemcitabine and tamoxifen in advanced pancreatic cancer Anticancer Res. 2002, 22 (4) 2361-4
87. Lee, I.; Lee, Y. H.; Mikulski, S. M.; Shogen, K. Effect of ONCONASE ± tamoxifen on ASPC-1 human pancreatic tumors in nude mice Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2003, 530, 187-96
88. Lamy, R.; Conroy, T.; Brunaud, L.; Bresler, L. [Tamoxifen for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a complete response] Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 2001, 25 (10) 912-3
89. Wenger, F. A.; Kilian, M.; Mautsch, I.; Jacobi, C. A.; Schimke, I.; Saul, G. J.; Guski, H.; Muller, J. M. Influence of octreotide and tamoxifen on tumor growth and liver metastasis in N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced pancreatic cancer in Syrian hamsters Horm. Res. 2000, 54 (2) 74-7
90. Eckert, H.; Bajorath, J. Molecular similarity analysis in virtual screening: foundations, limitations and novel approaches Drug Discovery Today 2007, 12 (5-6) 225-33
91. Stefanaki, C.; Stratigos, A.; Katsambas, A. Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging J. Cosmet., Dermatol. Sci. Appl. 2005, 4 (2) 130-4
92. Castaigne, S.; Chomienne, C.; Daniel, M. T.; Ballerini, P.; Berger, R.; Fenaux, P.; Degos, L. All-trans retinoic acid as a differentiation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia. I. Clinical results Blood 1990, 76 (9) 1704-9
93. Huang, M. E.; Ye, Y. C.; Chen, S. R.; Chai, J. R.; Lu, J. X.; Zhoa, L.; Gu, L. J.; Wang, Z. Y. Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia Blood 1988, 72 (2) 567-72
94. Yu, S.; Levi, L.; Siegel, R.; Noy, N. Retinoic acid induces neurogenesis by activating both retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) J. Biol. Chem. 2012, 287 (50) 42195-205
95. Arteaga, M. F.; Mikesch, J. H.; Qiu, J.; Christensen, J.; Helin, K.; Kogan, S. C.; Dong, S.; So, C. W. The histone demethylase PHF8 governs retinoic acid response in acute promyelocytic leukemia Cancer Cell 2013, 23 (3) 376-89
96. Altucci, L.; Gronemeyer, H. The promise of retinoids to fight against cancer Nat. Rev. Cancer 2001, 1 (3) 181-93
97. Hu, Y.; Liu, H. X.; He, Y.; Fang, Y.; Fang, J.; Wan, Y. J. Transcriptome profiling and genome-wide DNA binding define the differential role of fenretinide and all-trans RA in regulating the death and survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells Biochem. Pharmacol. 2013, 85 (7) 1007-17
98. Kelly, W. K.; Osman, I.; Reuter, V. E.; Curley, T.; Heston, W. D.; Nanus, D. M.; Scher, H. I. The development of biologic end points in patients treated with differentiation agents: an experience of retinoids in prostate cancer Clin. Cancer Res. 2000, 6 (3) 838-46
99. Li, J.; Orr, B.; White, K.; Belogortseva, N.; Niles, R.; Boskovic, G.; Nguyen, H.; Dykes, A.; Park, M. Chmp 1A is a mediator of the anti-proliferative effects of all-trans retinoic acid in human pancreatic cancer cells Mol. Cancer 2009, 8, 7
100. Gupta, S.; Pramanik, D.; Mukherjee, R.; Campbell, N. R.; Elumalai, S.; de Wilde, R. F.; Hong, S. M.; Goggins, M. G.; De Jesus-Acosta, A.; Laheru, D.; Maitra, A. Molecular determinants of retinoic acid sensitivity in pancreatic cancer Clin. Cancer Res. 2012, 18 (1) 280-9
101. Siddikuzzaman; Grace, V. M. Inhibition of metastatic lung cancer in C57BL/6 mice by liposome encapsulated all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) Int. Immunopharmacol. 2012, 14 (4) 570-9
102. Fornari, F. A.; Randolph, J. K.; Yalowich, J. C.; Ritke, M. K.; Gewirtz, D. A. Interference by doxorubicin with DNA unwinding in MCF-7 breast tumor cells Mol. Pharmacol. 1994, 45 (4) 649-56
103. Momparler, R. L.; Karon, M.; Siegel, S. E.; Avila, F. Effect of adriamycin on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in cell-free systems and intact cells Cancer Res. 1976, 36 (8) 2891-5
104. Sobell, H. M. Actinomycin and DNA transcription Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1985, 82 (16) 5328-31
105. Clinic, M. Doxorubicin (Intravenous Route) In Micromedex: 2012.
106. Johnson, I. S.; Armstrong, J. G.; Gorman, M.; Burnett, J. P., Jr. The Vinca Alkaloids: A New Class of Oncolytic Agents Cancer Res. 1963, 23, 1390-427
107. Longley, D. B.; Harkin, D. P.; Johnston, P. G. 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3 (5) 330-8
108. Bonvini, P.; Zorzi, E.; Basso, G.; Rosolen, A. Bortezomib-mediated 26S proteasome inhibition causes cell-cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in CD-30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma Leukemia 2007, 21 (4) 838-42
109. Gelman, J. S.; Sironi, J.; Berezniuk, I.; Dasgupta, S.; Castro, L. M.; Gozzo, F. C.; Ferro, E. S.; Fricker, L. D. Alterations of the intracellular peptidome in response to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib PLoS One 2013, 8 (1) e53263
110. Clinic, M. Fluorouracil (Intravenous Route, Injection Route) In 2011.
111. Fiala, C.; Gemzel-Danielsson, K. Review of medical abortion using mifepristone in combination with a prostaglandin analogue Contraception 2006, 74 (1) 66-86
112. Heikinheimo, O.; Kekkonen, R.; Lahteenmaki, P. The pharmacokinetics of mifepristone in humans reveal insights into differential mechanisms of antiprogestin action Contraception 2003, 68 (6) 421-6
113. Mayerson, A. B.; Hundal, R. S.; Dufour, S.; Lebon, V.; Befroy, D.; Cline, G. W.; Enocksson, S.; Inzucchi, S. E.; Shulman, G. I.; Petersen, K. F. The effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, and hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetes 2002, 51 (3) 797-802
114. Kotani, Y.; Shimazawa, M.; Yoshimura, S.; Iwama, T.; Hara, H. The experimental and clinical pharmacology of propofol, an anesthetic agent with neuroprotective properties CNS Neurosci. Ther. 2008, 14 (2) 95-106
115. Trapani, G.; Altomare, C.; Liso, G.; Sanna, E.; Biggio, G. Propofol in anesthesia. Mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug delivery Curr. Med. Chem. 2000, 7 (2) 249-71
116. Triiodothyronine. In Mosby's Medical Dictionary; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2009.
117. Mitchell, J.; Lazarenko, G. Wide QRS complex tachycardia. Diagnosis: Supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction; intravenous (IV) adenosine. Can. J. Emergency Med. 2008, 10 (6), 572-3; 581.
118. Mizutani, H.; Tada-Oikawa, S.; Hiraku, Y.; Kojima, M.; Kawanishi, S. Mechanism of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin through the generation of hydrogen peroxide Life Sci. 2005, 76 (13) 1439-53
119. Ekert, P. G.; Vaux, D. L. Apoptosis and the immune system Br. Med. Bull. 1997, 53 (3) 591-603
120. Roosild, T. P.; Castronovo, S. Active site conformational dynamics in human uridine phosphorylase 1 PLoS One 2010, 5 (9) e12741