메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 1-20

Decadal prediction skill in the GEOS-5 forecast system

Author keywords

AMOC; Decadal prediction; Decadal variability; GEOS 5 AOGCM

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE PREDICTION; DECADAL VARIATION; ENSEMBLE FORECASTING; GREENHOUSE GAS; INTERPOLATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 84891634769     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-1858-x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 79651474120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Ocean Atlas 2009 vol. 2: Salinity
    • In: S. Levitus (ed). Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C
    • Antonov JI et al (2010) World Ocean Atlas 2009 vol. 2: Salinity. In: S. Levitus (ed) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 69 US. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 184 pp.
    • (2010) NOAA Atlas NESDIS 69 US , pp. 184
    • Antonov, J.I.1
  • 2
    • 53249109747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ECMWF ocean analysis system: ORA-S3
    • doi:10.1175/2008MWR2433.1
    • Balmaseda MA, Vidard A, Anderson DLT (2008) The ECMWF ocean analysis system: ORA-S3. Mon Weather Rev 136: 3018-3034. doi: 10. 1175/2008MWR2433. 1.
    • (2008) Mon Weather Rev , vol.136 , pp. 3018-3034
    • Balmaseda, M.A.1    Vidard, A.2    Anderson, D.L.T.3
  • 3
    • 39049122591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meridional coherence of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL031731
    • Bingham RJ, Hughes CW, Roussenov V, Williams RG (2007) Meridional coherence of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophys Res Lett 34: L23606. doi: 10. 1029/2007GL031731.
    • (2007) Geophys Res Lett , vol.34
    • Bingham, R.J.1    Hughes, C.W.2    Roussenov, V.3    Williams, R.G.4
  • 5
    • 0033809760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed and simulated multi decadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere
    • Delworth TL, Mann ME (2000) Observed and simulated multi decadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Clim Dyn 16: 661-676.
    • (2000) Clim Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 661-676
    • Delworth, T.L.1    Mann, M.E.2
  • 6
    • 33646859466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the physics of the Atlantic multi decadal oscillation
    • Dijkstra HA, te Raa L, Schmeits M, Gerrits J (2006) On the physics of the Atlantic multi decadal oscillation. Ocean Dyn 56: 36-50.
    • (2006) Ocean Dyn , vol.56 , pp. 36-50
    • Dijkstra, H.A.1    te Raa, L.2    Schmeits, M.3    Gerrits, J.4
  • 7
    • 80054809984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal climate prediction with the European centre for medium-range weather forecasts coupled forecast system: impact of ocean observations
    • doi:10.1029/2010JD015394
    • Doblas-Reyes FJ, Balmaseda MA, Weisheimer A, Palmer TN (2011) Decadal climate prediction with the European centre for medium-range weather forecasts coupled forecast system: impact of ocean observations. J Geophys Res 116: D19111. doi: 10. 1029/2010JD015394.
    • (2011) J Geophys Res , vol.116
    • Doblas-Reyes, F.J.1    Balmaseda, M.A.2    Weisheimer, A.3    Palmer, T.N.4
  • 8
    • 19144367080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of interdecadal thermohaline circulation variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3328.1
    • Dong B, Sutton RT (2005) Mechanism of interdecadal thermohaline circulation variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J Clim 18: 1117-1135. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3328. 1.
    • (2005) J Clim , vol.18 , pp. 1117-1135
    • Dong, B.1    Sutton, R.T.2
  • 9
    • 0035874457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atlantic multi decadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental US
    • Enfield DB, Mestas-Nuñez AM, Trimble PJ (2001) The Atlantic multi decadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental US. Geophys Res Lett 28: 2077-2080.
    • (2001) Geophys Res Lett , vol.28 , pp. 2077-2080
    • Enfield, D.B.1    Mestas-Nuñez, A.M.2    Trimble, P.J.3
  • 10
    • 42049083697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal-scale temperature trends in the Southern hemisphere ocean
    • doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2131.1
    • Gille ST (2008) Decadal-scale temperature trends in the Southern hemisphere ocean. J Clim 21: 4749-4765. doi: 10. 1175/2008JCLI2131. 1.
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 4749-4765
    • Gille, S.T.1
  • 11
    • 84871928605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A verification framework for interannual-to-decadal predictions experiments
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1481-2
    • Goddard L et al (2013) A verification framework for interannual-to-decadal predictions experiments. Clim Dyn 40: 245-272. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-012-1481-2.
    • (2013) Clim Dyn , vol.40 , pp. 245-272
    • Goddard, L.1
  • 12
    • 0030621009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of North Atlantic multidecadal climate variabliity
    • Griffies SM, Bryan K (1997) Predictability of North Atlantic multidecadal climate variabliity. Science 275: 181-184.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 181-184
    • Griffies, S.M.1    Bryan, K.2
  • 13
    • 80051739643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations
    • Griffies SM et al (2005) Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations. Ocean Science 1: 45-79.
    • (2005) Ocean Science , vol.1 , pp. 45-79
    • Griffies, S.M.1
  • 14
    • 2142650072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s
    • Hakkinen S, Rhines PB (2004) Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s. Science 304: 555-559.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 555-559
    • Hakkinen, S.1    Rhines, P.B.2
  • 15
    • 79952162941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm and saline events embedded in the meridional circulation of the northern North Atlantic
    • doi:10.1029/2010JC006275
    • Hakkinen S, Rhines PB, Worthen DL (2011) Warm and saline events embedded in the meridional circulation of the northern North Atlantic. J Geophys Res 116: C03006. doi: 10. 1029/2010JC006275.
    • (2011) J Geophys Res , vol.116
    • Hakkinen, S.1    Rhines, P.B.2    Worthen, D.L.3
  • 16
    • 84872614997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled bred vectors in the tropical Pacific and their application to ENSO prediction
    • doi: 10. 1016/j. pocean. 2012. 04. 005
    • Ham YG, Kug JS, Kang IS (2012a) Coupled bred vectors in the tropical Pacific and their application to ENSO prediction, Prog Oceanogr. doi: 10. 1016/j. pocean. 2012. 04. 005.
    • (2012) Prog Oceanogr
    • Ham, Y.G.1    Kug, J.S.2    Kang, I.S.3
  • 18
    • 24944433010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the Atlantic subpolar gyre on the thermohaline circulation
    • Hatun H, Sandø AB, Drange H, Hansen B, Valdimarsson H (2005) Influence of the Atlantic subpolar gyre on the thermohaline circulation. Science 309: 1841-1844.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 1841-1844
    • Hatun, H.1    Sandø, A.B.2    Drange, H.3    Hansen, B.4    Valdimarsson, H.5
  • 19
    • 79959592834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential to narrow uncertainty in projections of regional precipitation change
    • Hawkins ED, Sutton R (2011) The potential to narrow uncertainty in projections of regional precipitation change. Clim Dyn 37: 407-418.
    • (2011) Clim Dyn , vol.37 , pp. 407-418
    • Hawkins, E.D.1    Sutton, R.2
  • 20
    • 84856322783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMOC variations in 1979-2008 simulated by NCEP operational ocean data assimilation system
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1035-z
    • Huang B, Xue Y, Kumar A, Behringer DW (2012) AMOC variations in 1979-2008 simulated by NCEP operational ocean data assimilation system. Clim Dyn 38: 513-525. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1035-z.
    • (2012) Clim Dyn , vol.38 , pp. 513-525
    • Huang, B.1    Xue, Y.2    Kumar, A.3    Behringer, D.W.4
  • 22
    • 53649104930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the community atmosphere model
    • doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2292.1
    • Hurrell JW, Hack JJ, Shea D, Caron JM, Rosinski J (2008) A new sea surface temperature and sea ice boundary dataset for the community atmosphere model. J Clim 21: 5145-5153. doi: 10. 1175/2008JCLI2292. 1.
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 5145-5153
    • Hurrell, J.W.1    Hack, J.J.2    Shea, D.3    Caron, J.M.4    Rosinski, J.5
  • 23
    • 84860680392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICPO (International CLIVAR Project Office). International CLIVAR Project Office, CLIVAR publication series no. 150
    • ICPO (International CLIVAR Project Office) (2011) Data and bias correction for decadal climate predictions. International CLIVAR Project Office, CLIVAR publication series no. 150, p 6.
    • (2011) Data and bias correction for decadal climate predictions , pp. 6
  • 24
    • 33846934645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity profiles-historical and real-time data
    • doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.11.019
    • Ingleby B, Huddleston M (2007) Quality control of ocean temperature and salinity profiles-historical and real-time data. J Mar Syst 65: 158-175. doi: 10. 1016/j. jmarsys. 2005. 11. 019.
    • (2007) J Mar Syst , vol.65 , pp. 158-175
    • Ingleby, B.1    Huddleston, M.2
  • 25
    • 65149096767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with an XBT depth bias correction
    • Ishii M, Kimoto M (2009) Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with an XBT depth bias correction. J Oceanogr 65: 287-299.
    • (2009) J Oceanogr , vol.65 , pp. 287-299
    • Ishii, M.1    Kimoto, M.2
  • 26
    • 43049138035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advancing decadal-scale climate prediction in the north Atlantic sector
    • doi:10.1038/nature06921
    • Keenlyside NS, Latif M, Jungclaus J, Kornblueh L, Roeckner E (2008) Advancing decadal-scale climate prediction in the north Atlantic sector. Nature 453: 84-88. doi: 10. 1038/nature06921.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.453 , pp. 84-88
    • Keenlyside, N.S.1    Latif, M.2    Jungclaus, J.3    Kornblueh, L.4    Roeckner, E.5
  • 27
    • 84861372930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of short-term climate change prediction in multi-model CMIP5 decadal hindcasts
    • doi:1029/2012GL051644
    • Kim HM, Webster PJ, Curry JA (2012) Evaluation of short-term climate change prediction in multi-model CMIP5 decadal hindcasts. Geophys Res Lett 39: L10701. doi: 1029/2012GL051644.
    • (2012) Geophys Res Lett , vol.39
    • Kim, H.M.1    Webster, P.J.2    Curry, J.A.3
  • 28
    • 28944441534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate
    • doi:1029/2005GL024233
    • Knight JT, Allan RJ, Folland CK, Vellinga M, Mann ME (2005) A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate. Geophys Res Lett 32: L20708. doi: 1029/2005GL024233.
    • (2005) Geophys Res Lett , vol.32
    • Knight, J.T.1    Allan, R.J.2    Folland, C.K.3    Vellinga, M.4    Mann, M.E.5
  • 29
    • 77954952964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How are seasonal prediction skills related to models' performance on mean state and annual cycle?
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0857-4
    • Lee J-Y et al (2010) How are seasonal prediction skills related to models' performance on mean state and annual cycle? Clim Dyn 35: 267-283. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-010-0857-4.
    • (2010) Clim Dyn , vol.35 , pp. 267-283
    • Lee, J.-Y.1
  • 30
    • 67449142923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL037155
    • Levitus S, Antonov JI, Boyer TP, Locarnini RA, Garcia HE, Mishonov AV (2009) Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems. Geophys Res Lett 36: L07608. doi: 10. 1029/2008GL037155.
    • (2009) Geophys Res Lett , vol.36
    • Levitus, S.1    Antonov, J.I.2    Boyer, T.P.3    Locarnini, R.A.4    Garcia, H.E.5    Mishonov, A.V.6
  • 32
    • 58149099848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre to persistent North Atlantic Oscillation like forcing
    • Lohmann K, Drange H, Bentsen M (2009) Response of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre to persistent North Atlantic Oscillation like forcing. Clim Dyn 32: 273-285.
    • (2009) Clim Dyn , vol.32 , pp. 273-285
    • Lohmann, K.1    Drange, H.2    Bentsen, M.3
  • 34
    • 84855480406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiyear prediction of monthly mean atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N
    • Matei D, Baehr J, Jungclaus J, Haak H, Muller WA, Marotzke J (2012a) Multiyear prediction of monthly mean atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26. 5°N. Science 335: 76-79.
    • (2012) Science , vol.335 , pp. 76-79
    • Matei, D.1    Baehr, J.2    Jungclaus, J.3    Haak, H.4    Muller, W.A.5    Marotzke, J.6
  • 35
    • 84870049578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two tales of initializing decadal climate prediction experiments with the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model
    • doi: 10. 1175/JCLI-D-11-00633. 1
    • Matei D, Pohlmann H, Jungclaus J, Wolfgang M, Haak H, Marotzke J (2012b) Two tales of initializing decadal climate prediction experiments with the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model. J Clim. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI-D-11-00633. 1.
    • (2012) J Clim
    • Matei, D.1    Pohlmann, H.2    Jungclaus, J.3    Wolfgang, M.4    Haak, H.5    Marotzke, J.6
  • 36
    • 84859007884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global tropical moored buoy array
    • In: Hall J, Harrison DE, Stammer D (eds), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, ESA Publication WPP-306. doi: 10. 5270/OceanObs09. cwp
    • McPhaden M et al. (2010) The global tropical moored buoy array. In: Hall J, Harrison DE, Stammer D (eds) Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained ocean observations and information for society (vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009, ESA Publication WPP-306. doi: 10. 5270/OceanObs09. cwp. 61.
    • (2010) Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained ocean observations and information for society (vol. 2) , pp. 61
    • McPhaden, M.1
  • 39
    • 34547489061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate projections. Climate change 2007
    • S. Solomon (Ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Meehl GA et al (2007) Global climate projections. Climate change 2007. In: Solomon S et al (eds) The physical science basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 747-845.
    • (2007) The Physical Science Basis , pp. 747-845
    • Meehl, G.A.1
  • 40
    • 68749111016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal prediction: can it be skillful?
    • doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2607.1
    • Meehl GA et al (2009) Decadal prediction: can it be skillful? Bull Am Meteorol Soc 90: 1467-1485. doi: 10. 1175/2009BAMS2607. 1.
    • (2009) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.90 , pp. 1467-1485
    • Meehl, G.A.1
  • 41
    • 76649101457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific decadal oscillation hind casts relevant to near-term climate prediction
    • Mochizuki T et al (2010) Pacific decadal oscillation hind casts relevant to near-term climate prediction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 1833-1837.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 1833-1837
    • Mochizuki, T.1
  • 42
    • 0024256681 scopus 로고
    • The impact of ensemble forecasts on predictability
    • Murphy JM (1988) The impact of ensemble forecasts on predictability. Q J R Meteorol Soc 114: 463-493.
    • (1988) Q J R Meteorol Soc , vol.114 , pp. 463-493
    • Murphy, J.M.1
  • 43
    • 68749116591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initializing decadal climate predictions with the GECCO oceanic synthesis: effects on the North Atlantic
    • doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2535.1
    • Pohlmann H, Jungclaus JH, Kohl A, Stammer D, Marotzke J (2009) Initializing decadal climate predictions with the GECCO oceanic synthesis: effects on the North Atlantic. J Clim 22(14): 3926-3938. doi: 10. 1175/2009JCLI2535. 1.
    • (2009) J Clim , vol.22 , Issue.14 , pp. 3926-3938
    • Pohlmann, H.1    Jungclaus, J.H.2    Kohl, A.3    Stammer, D.4    Marotzke, J.5
  • 44
    • 84881027714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of the mid-latitude Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in a multi-model system
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00382-013-1663-6
    • Pohlmann H, Smith DM, Balaseda MA, Kennlyside NS, Masina S, Matei D, Muller WA, Rogel P (2013) Predictability of the mid-latitude Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in a multi-model system, Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-013-1663-6.
    • (2013) Clim Dyn
    • Pohlmann, H.1    Smith, D.M.2    Balaseda, M.A.3    Kennlyside, N.S.4    Masina, S.5    Matei, D.6    Muller, W.A.7    Rogel, P.8
  • 45
    • 0742305193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002670
    • Rayner NA, Parker DE, Horton EB, Folland CK, Alexander LV, Rowell DP, Kent EC, Kaplan A (2003) Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J Geophys Res 108: 4407. doi: 10. 1029/2002JD002670.
    • (2003) J Geophys Res , vol.108 , pp. 4407
    • Rayner, N.A.1    Parker, D.E.2    Horton, E.B.3    Folland, C.K.4    Alexander, L.V.5    Rowell, D.P.6    Kent, E.C.7    Kaplan, A.8
  • 46
    • 0027084931 scopus 로고
    • Cooling and freshening of the subpolar North Atlantic ocean since the 1960s
    • Read JF, Gould WJ (1992) Cooling and freshening of the subpolar North Atlantic ocean since the 1960s. Nature 360: 55-57.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 55-57
    • Read, J.F.1    Gould, W.J.2
  • 47
    • 84868561436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stratospheric connection to Atlantic climate variability
    • doi: 10. 1038/ngeo1586
    • Reichler T, Kim J, Manzini E, Kroger J (2012) A stratospheric connection to Atlantic climate variability. Nat Geosci. doi: 10. 1038/ngeo1586.
    • (2012) Nat Geosci.
    • Reichler, T.1    Kim, J.2    Manzini, E.3    Kroger, J.4
  • 49
    • 34547307160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5. 0. 1, 5. 1. 0, and 5. 2. 0, NASA Technical report series on global modeling and data assimilation, V27
    • Rienecker MM et al. (2008) The GEOS-5 Data assimilation system-documentation of versions 5. 0. 1, 5. 1. 0, and 5. 2. 0, NASA Technical report series on global modeling and data assimilation, V27.
    • (2008) The GEOS-5 Data assimilation system-documentation of versions
    • Rienecker, M.M.1
  • 50
    • 79952683753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MERRA-NASA's modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1
    • Rienecker MM et al (2011) MERRA-NASA's modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications. J Clim 24: 3624-3648. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI-D-11-00015. 1.
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , pp. 3624-3648
    • Rienecker, M.M.1
  • 53
    • 84864683275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid-1990s
    • Robson J, Sutton R, Lohmann K, Smith D (2012b) Causes of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid-1990s. J Clim 25: 4116-4134.
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 4116-4134
    • Robson, J.1    Sutton, R.2    Lohmann, K.3    Smith, D.4
  • 56
    • 34547903564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade from a global climate model
    • doi:10.1126/science.1139540
    • Smith DM, Cusack S, Colman AW, Folland CK, Harris GR, Murphy JM (2007) Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade from a global climate model. Science 317: 796-799. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1139540.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 796-799
    • Smith, D.M.1    Cusack, S.2    Colman, A.W.3    Folland, C.K.4    Harris, G.R.5    Murphy, J.M.6
  • 57
    • 84888051177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of full-field and anomaly initialization for seasonal to decadal climate prediction
    • doi: 10. 1007/s00382-013-1683-2
    • Smith DM, Eade R, Pohlmann H (2013) A comparison of full-field and anomaly initialization for seasonal to decadal climate prediction. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-013-1683-2.
    • (2013) Clim Dyn
    • Smith, D.M.1    Eade, R.2    Pohlmann, H.3
  • 59
    • 0001509508 scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting and NMC: The generation of perturbations
    • Toth Z, Kalnay E (1993) Ensemble forecasting and NMC: The generation of perturbations. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 74: 2317-2330.
    • (1993) Bull Am Meteorol Soc , vol.74 , pp. 2317-2330
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 60
    • 0000593274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method
    • Toth Z, Kalnay E (1997) Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method. Mon Weather Rev 125: 3297-3319.
    • (1997) Mon Weather Rev , vol.125 , pp. 3297-3319
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 63
    • 37549029756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal North Pacific bred vectors in a coupled GCM
    • Vikhliaev Y, Kirtman B, Schopf P (2007) Decadal North Pacific bred vectors in a coupled GCM. J Clim 20: 5744-5764.
    • (2007) J Clim , vol.20 , pp. 5744-5764
    • Vikhliaev, Y.1    Kirtman, B.2    Schopf, P.3
  • 64
    • 0035870465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committed warming and its implications for climate change
    • Wetherald RT, Stouffer RJ, Dixon KW (2001) Committed warming and its implications for climate change. Geophys Res Lett 28: 1535-1538.
    • (2001) Geophys Res Lett , vol.28 , pp. 1535-1538
    • Wetherald, R.T.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Dixon, K.W.3
  • 65
    • 45749111886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bred vectors and tropical pacific forecast errors in the NASA coupled general circulation model
    • Yang S-C, Kalnay E, Cai M, Rienecker MM (2008) Bred vectors and tropical pacific forecast errors in the NASA coupled general circulation model. Mon Weather Rev 136: 1305-1326.
    • (2008) Mon Weather Rev , vol.136 , pp. 1305-1326
    • Yang, S.-C.1    Kalnay, E.2    Cai, M.3    Rienecker, M.M.4
  • 66
    • 84858206189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability to parameterized Nordic Sea overflows in CCSM4
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00149.1
    • Yeager S, Danabasoglu G (2012) Sensitivity of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability to parameterized Nordic Sea overflows in CCSM4. J Clim 25: 2077-2103. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI-D-11-00149. 1.
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 2077-2103
    • Yeager, S.1    Danabasoglu, G.2
  • 67
    • 84865093809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decadal prediction case study: late 20th century North Atlantic ocean heat content
    • Yeager S, Karspeck A, Danabasoglu G, Tribbia J, Teng H (2012) A decadal prediction case study: late 20th century North Atlantic ocean heat content. J Clim 25: 5173-5189.
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , pp. 5173-5189
    • Yeager, S.1    Karspeck, A.2    Danabasoglu, G.3    Tribbia, J.4    Teng, H.5
  • 68
    • 58249088895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coherent surface-subsurface fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    • doi:10.1029/2008GL035463
    • Zhang R (2008) Coherent surface-subsurface fingerprint of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Geophys Res Lett 35: L20705. doi: 10. 1029/2008GL035463.
    • (2008) Geophys Res Lett , vol.35
    • Zhang, R.1
  • 69
    • 24644517485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3460.1
    • Zhang R, Delworth TL (2005) Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. J Clim 18: 1853-1860. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3460. 1.
    • (2005) J Clim , vol.18 , pp. 1853-1860
    • Zhang, R.1    Delworth, T.L.2
  • 70
    • 34548041410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the Atlantic Ocean drive the observed multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature?
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL028683
    • Zhang R, Delworth TL, Held IM (2007) Can the Atlantic Ocean drive the observed multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature? Geophys Res Lett 34: L02709. doi: 10. 1029/2006GL028683.
    • (2007) Geophys Res Lett , vol.34
    • Zhang, R.1    Delworth, T.L.2    Held, I.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.