메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 136, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 1305-1326

Bred vectors and tropical pacific forecast errors in the NASA coupled general circulation model

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER NETWORKS; EARTH ATMOSPHERE; ERROR ANALYSIS; ERRORS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NASA; STATISTICS; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; VECTORS; WIND STRESS;

EID: 45749111886     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007MWR2118.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0033500692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo implementation of the nonlinear filtering problem to produce ensemble assimilations and forecasts
    • Anderson, J. L., and S. L. Anderson, 1999: A Monte Carlo implementation of the nonlinear filtering problem to produce ensemble assimilations and forecasts. Mon. Wea Rev., 127, 2741-2758.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea Rev , vol.127 , pp. 2741-2758
    • Anderson, J.L.1    Anderson, S.L.2
  • 2
    • 0036871162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind stress simulations and the equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM
    • Bacmeister, J. T., and M. J. Suarez, 2002: Wind stress simulations and the equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3051-3073.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 3051-3073
    • Bacmeister, J.T.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 5
    • 0035872005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal air-sea interactions at the onset of El Niño
    • Bergman, J. W., H. H. Hendon, and K. M. Weickmann, 2001: Intraseasonal air-sea interactions at the onset of El Niño. J. Climate, 14, 1702-1719.
    • (2001) J. Climate , vol.14 , pp. 1702-1719
    • Bergman, J.W.1    Hendon, H.H.2    Weickmann, K.M.3
  • 6
    • 0039801034 scopus 로고
    • Propagation and reflection of long equatorial waves in the Pacific Ocean during the 1991-1993 El Niño
    • Boulanger, J.-P., and C. Menkes, 1995: Propagation and reflection of long equatorial waves in the Pacific Ocean during the 1991-1993 El Niño. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25 041-25 059.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res , vol.100
    • Boulanger, J.-P.1    Menkes, C.2
  • 7
    • 24944560859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble-derived stationary and flow-dependent background-error covariances: Evaluation in a quasi-operational NWP setting
    • Buehner, M., 2005: Ensemble-derived stationary and flow-dependent background-error covariances: Evaluation in a quasi-operational NWP setting. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 1013-1043.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 1013-1043
    • Buehner, M.1
  • 8
    • 0141595947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bred vectors of the Zebiak-Cane model and their application to ENSO predictions
    • Cai, M., E. Katnay, and Z. Toth, 2003: Bred vectors of the Zebiak-Cane model and their application to ENSO predictions. J. Climate, 16, 40-56.
    • (2003) J. Climate , vol.16 , pp. 40-56
    • Cai, M.1    Katnay, E.2    Toth, Z.3
  • 9
    • 0000596547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaotic dynamics versus stochastic processes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation in coupled ocean-atmosphere models
    • Chang, P., L. Ji, H. Li, and M. Flügel, 1996: Chaotic dynamics versus stochastic processes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. Physica D, 98, 301-320.
    • (1996) Physica D , vol.98 , pp. 301-320
    • Chang, P.1    Ji, L.2    Li, H.3    Flügel, M.4
  • 10
    • 1942520295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of El Niño over the past 148 years
    • Chen, D., M. A. Cane, A. Kaplan, S. E. Zebiak, and D. Huang, 2004: Predictability of El Niño over the past 148 years. Nature, 428, 733-736.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 733-736
    • Chen, D.1    Cane, M.A.2    Kaplan, A.3    Zebiak, S.E.4    Huang, D.5
  • 11
    • 0001564397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the predictability of tropical Pacific SST in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model using singular vector analysis: The role of the annual cycle and the ENSO cycle
    • Chen, Y.-Q., D. S. Battisti, T. N. Palmer, J. Barsugli, and E. S. Sarachik, 1997: A study of the predictability of tropical Pacific SST in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model using singular vector analysis: The role of the annual cycle and the ENSO cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 831-845.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 831-845
    • Chen, Y.-Q.1    Battisti, D.S.2    Palmer, T.N.3    Barsugli, J.4    Sarachik, E.S.5
  • 12
    • 0038205884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corazza, M., and Coauthors, 2003: Use of the breeding technique to estimate the structure of the analysis errors of the day. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 10, 233-243.
    • Corazza, M., and Coauthors, 2003: Use of the breeding technique to estimate the structure of the analysis "errors of the day." Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 10, 233-243.
  • 13
    • 33847398318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An implementation of the Local Ensemble Kalman Filter in a quasi geostrophic model and comparison with 3D-Var
    • Corazza, M., E. Kalnay, and S. C. Yang, 2007: An implementation of the Local Ensemble Kalman Filter in a quasi geostrophic model and comparison with 3D-Var. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 14, 89-101.
    • (2007) Nonlinear Processes Geophys , vol.14 , pp. 89-101
    • Corazza, M.1    Kalnay, E.2    Yang, S.C.3
  • 14
    • 84884550570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ensemble Kalman filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation
    • Evensen, G., 2003: The ensemble Kalman filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation. Ocean Dyn., 53, 343-367.
    • (2003) Ocean Dyn , vol.53 , pp. 343-367
    • Evensen, G.1
  • 15
    • 0034275113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How predictability depends on the nature of uncertainty in initial conditions in acoupled model of ENSO
    • Fan, Y., M.R. Allen, D. L. T. Anderson, and M. A. Balmaseda, 2000: How predictability depends on the nature of uncertainty in initial conditions in acoupled model of ENSO. J. Climate, 13, 3298-3313.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 3298-3313
    • Fan, Y.1    Allen, M.R.2    Anderson, D.L.T.3    Balmaseda, M.A.4
  • 17
    • 0036810486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The equatorial thermocline outcropping - A seasonal control on the tropical Pacific Ocean-atmosphere instability strength
    • Galanti, E., E. Tziperman, M. Harrison, A. Rosati, R. Giering, and Z. Sirkes, 2002: The equatorial thermocline outcropping - A seasonal control on the tropical Pacific Ocean-atmosphere instability strength. J. Climate, 15, 2721-2739.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 2721-2739
    • Galanti, E.1    Tziperman, E.2    Harrison, M.3    Rosati, A.4    Giering, R.5    Sirkes, Z.6
  • 18
    • 0027085408 scopus 로고
    • AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
    • Gates, W. L., 1992: AMIP: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
    • (1992) Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.73 , pp. 1962-1970
    • Gates, W.L.1
  • 19
    • 27744494106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for the error due to unresolved scales in ensemble data assimilation: A comparison of different approaches
    • Hamill, T. M., and J. S. Whitaker, 2005: Accounting for the error due to unresolved scales in ensemble data assimilation: A comparison of different approaches. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3132-3147.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.133 , pp. 3132-3147
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Whitaker, J.S.2
  • 20
    • 0026283695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hayes, S. P., L. J.. Mangum, J. Picaut, A. Sumi, and K: Takeuchi, 1991: TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 339-347.
    • Hayes, S. P., L. J.. Mangum, J. Picaut, A. Sumi, and K: Takeuchi, 1991: TOGA-TAO: A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 339-347.
  • 21
    • 0001098341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of data assimilation on ocean initialization and El Niño prediction
    • Ji, M., and A. Leetmaa, 1997: Impact of data assimilation on ocean initialization and El Niño prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 742-753.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 742-753
    • Ji, M.1    Leetmaa, A.2
  • 22
    • 0036965503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial testing of a massively parallel ensemble Kalman filter with the Poseidon isopycnal ocean general circulation model
    • Keppenne, C. L., and M. M. Rienecker, 2002: Initial testing of a massively parallel ensemble Kalman filter with the Poseidon isopycnal ocean general circulation model. Mon. Wea Rev., 130, 2951-2965.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea Rev , vol.130 , pp. 2951-2965
    • Keppenne, C.L.1    Rienecker, M.M.2
  • 23
    • 0037696319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assimilation of temperature into an isopycnal ocean general circulation model using a parallel ensemble Kalman filter
    • Keppenne, C. L., and M. M. Rienecker, 2003: Assimilation of temperature into an isopycnal ocean general circulation model using a parallel ensemble Kalman filter. J. Mar. Syst., 40-41, 363-380.
    • (2003) J. Mar. Syst , vol.40-41 , pp. 363-380
    • Keppenne, C.L.1    Rienecker, M.M.2
  • 24
    • 22744439121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of temperature and altimeter data with bias correction and application to seasonal prediction
    • Keppenne, C. L., M. M. Rienecker, N. P. Kurkowski, and D. D. Adamec, 2005: Ensemble Kalman filter assimilation of temperature and altimeter data with bias correction and application to seasonal prediction. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 12 491-503.
    • (2005) Nonlinear Processes Geophys , vol.12 , pp. 491-503
    • Keppenne, C.L.1    Rienecker, M.M.2    Kurkowski, N.P.3    Adamec, D.D.4
  • 25
    • 0242415378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The COLA anomaly coupled model: Ensemble ENSO prediction
    • Kirtman, B. P., 2003: The COLA anomaly coupled model: Ensemble ENSO prediction. Mon Wea. Rev., 131, 2324-2341.
    • (2003) Mon Wea. Rev , vol.131 , pp. 2324-2341
    • Kirtman, B.P.1
  • 26
    • 0346688998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The calculation of climatically relevant singular vectors in the presence of weather noise as applied to the ENSO problem
    • Kleeman, R., Y. Tang, and A. Moore, 2003: The calculation of climatically relevant singular vectors in the presence of weather noise as applied to the ENSO problem. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2856-2867.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 2856-2867
    • Kleeman, R.1    Tang, Y.2    Moore, A.3
  • 27
    • 0026443639 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands
    • Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2697-2715.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res , vol.97 , pp. 2697-2715
    • Koster, R.D.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 28
    • 0027505519 scopus 로고
    • Structure and predictability of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model
    • Latif, M., A. Sterl, E. Maier-Reimer, and M. M. Junge, 1993: Structure and predictability of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. J. Climate, 6, 700-708.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 700-708
    • Latif, M.1    Sterl, A.2    Maier-Reimer, E.3    Junge, M.M.4
  • 29
    • 0347709927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of the ensemble Kalman filter for NWP: A comparison with 4D-VAR
    • Lorenc, A. C., 2003: The potential of the ensemble Kalman filter for NWP: A comparison with 4D-VAR. Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3183-3203.
    • (2003) Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.129 , pp. 3183-3203
    • Lorenc, A.C.1
  • 30
    • 0033548168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño
    • McPhaden, M. J., 1999: Equatorial waves and the 1997-98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950-954.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 950-954
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 31
    • 0033210562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño
    • McPhaden, M. J., and X. Yu, 1999: Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2961-2964.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.26 , pp. 2961-2964
    • McPhaden, M.J.1    Yu, X.2
  • 32
    • 0000101471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress
    • McPhaden, M. J., and Coauthors, 1998: The tropical ocean-global atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 169-14 240.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res , vol.103
    • McPhaden, M.J.1
  • 33
    • 0030448959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of error growth and predictability in a coupled model of ENSO
    • Moore, A. M., and R. Kleeman, 1996: The dynamics of error growth and predictability in a coupled model of ENSO. Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1405-1446.
    • (1996) Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.122 , pp. 1405-1446
    • Moore, A.M.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 34
    • 0030670595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The singular vectors of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model of ENSO. I: Thermodynamics, energetics, and error growth
    • Moore, A. M., and R. Kleeman, 1997a: The singular vectors of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model of ENSO. I: Thermodynamics, energetics, and error growth. Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 953-981.
    • (1997) Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.123 , pp. 953-981
    • Moore, A.M.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 35
    • 0030703656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The singular vectors of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model of ENSO. II: Sensitivity studies and dynamical interpretation
    • Moore, A. M., and R. Kleeman, 1997b: The singular vectors of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model of ENSO. II: Sensitivity studies and dynamical interpretation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 983-1006.
    • (1997) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.123 , pp. 983-1006
    • Moore, A.M.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 36
    • 0031779872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skill assessment for ENSO using ensemble prediction
    • Moore, A. M., and R. Kleeman, 1998: Skill assessment for ENSO using ensemble prediction. Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 557-584.
    • (1998) Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.124 , pp. 557-584
    • Moore, A.M.1    Kleeman, R.2
  • 37
    • 3543083343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER)
    • Palmer, T. N., and Coauthors, 2004: Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 853-872.
    • (2004) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.85 , pp. 853-872
    • Palmer, T.N.1
  • 38
    • 7044246235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peña, M., and E.. Kalnay, 2004: Separating fast and slow modes in coupled chaotic systems. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 11, 319-327.
    • Peña, M., and E.. Kalnay, 2004: Separating fast and slow modes in coupled chaotic systems. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 11, 319-327.
  • 39
    • 34247591213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability, predictability and prediction of DJF climate in NCEP coupled forecast system
    • Madison, WI, National Weather Service, Available online at
    • Peng, P., Q. Zhang, A. Kumar, H. van den Dool, W. Wang, S. Saha, and H. Pan, 2004: Variability, predictability and prediction of DJF climate in NCEP coupled forecast system. Proc. 29th Climate Prediction and Diagnostic Workshop, Madison, WI, National Weather Service. [Available online at http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outreach/ proceedings/cdw29_proceedings/Peng.pdf.]
    • (2004) Proc. 29th Climate Prediction and Diagnostic Workshop
    • Peng, P.1    Zhang, Q.2    Kumar, A.3    van den Dool, H.4    Wang, W.5    Saha, S.6    Pan, H.7
  • 40
    • 0036648346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate
    • Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M., Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1609-1625
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Rayner, N.A.2    Smith, T.M.3    Stokes, D.C.4    Wang, W.5
  • 41
    • 0001378761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model
    • Rosati, A., K. Miyakoda, and R. Gudgel, 1997: The impact of ocean initial conditions on ENSO forecasting with a coupled model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 754-772.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 754-772
    • Rosati, A.1    Miyakoda, K.2    Gudgel, R.3
  • 42
    • 33645633207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP Climate Forecast System
    • Saha, S., and Coauthors, 2006: The NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate, 19, 3483-3517.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3483-3517
    • Saha, S.1
  • 44
    • 0001742988 scopus 로고
    • A reduced-gravity isopycnal ocean model: Hindcasts of El Niño
    • Schopf, P., and A. Loughe, 1995: A reduced-gravity isopycnal ocean model: Hindcasts of El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2839-2863.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.123 , pp. 2839-2863
    • Schopf, P.1    Loughe, A.2
  • 45
    • 0032966819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the predictability of the interannual behaviour of the Madden-Julian oscillation and its relationship with El Niño
    • Slingo, J. M., D. P. Rowell, K. R. Sperber, and F. Nortley, 1999: On the predictability of the interannual behaviour of the Madden-Julian oscillation and its relationship with El Niño. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 583-609.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 583-609
    • Slingo, J.M.1    Rowell, D.P.2    Sperber, K.R.3    Nortley, F.4
  • 46
    • 0032568443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model
    • Stockdale, T. N., D. L. T. Anderson, J. O. S. Alves, and M. A. Balmaseda, 1998: Global seasonal rainfall forecasts using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Nature, 392, 370-373.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 370-373
    • Stockdale, T.N.1    Anderson, D.L.T.2    Alves, J.O.S.3    Balmaseda, M.A.4
  • 48
    • 33746798050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO predictability of a fully coupled GCM model using singular vector analysis
    • Tang, Y., R. Kleeman, and S. Miller, 2006: ENSO predictability of a fully coupled GCM model using singular vector analysis. J. Climate, 19, 3361-3377.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3361-3377
    • Tang, Y.1    Kleeman, R.2    Miller, S.3
  • 49
    • 0001509508 scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NMC: The generation of perturbations
    • Toth, Z., and E. Kalnay, 1993: Ensemble forecasting at NMC: The generation of perturbations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2317-2330.
    • (1993) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.74 , pp. 2317-2330
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 50
    • 0141829508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate ensemble forecasts: How to create them?
    • Toth, Z., and E. Kalnay, 1996: Climate ensemble forecasts: How to create them? Idojaras, 100, 43-52.
    • (1996) Idojaras , vol.100 , pp. 43-52
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 51
    • 0000593274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method
    • Toth, Z., and E. Kalnay, 1997: Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3297-3319.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 3297-3319
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 52
    • 0033505437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the temperature-salinity relation in a data assimilation context
    • Troccoli, A., and K. Haines, 1999: Use of the temperature-salinity relation in a data assimilation context. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 2011-2025.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.16 , pp. 2011-2025
    • Troccoli, A.1    Haines, K.2
  • 53
    • 45749139148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troccoli, A., M. M. Rienecker, C. L. Keppenne, and G. C. Johnson, 2003: Temperature data assimilation with salinity corrections: Validations for the NSIPP ocean data assimilation system in the tropical Pacific Ocean, 1993-1998. NASA Tech. Memo. 2003-104606, 24, 23 pp.
    • Troccoli, A., M. M. Rienecker, C. L. Keppenne, and G. C. Johnson, 2003: Temperature data assimilation with salinity corrections: Validations for the NSIPP ocean data assimilation system in the tropical Pacific Ocean, 1993-1998. NASA Tech. Memo. 2003-104606, Vol. 24, 23 pp.
  • 54
    • 33644624498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the role of stochastic forcing in the 1997-1998 El Niño
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL024738
    • Vecchi, G. A., A. T. Wittenberg, and A. Rosati, 2006: Reassessing the role of stochastic forcing in the 1997-1998 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L01706, doi:10.1029/2005GL024738.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.33
    • Vecchi, G.A.1    Wittenberg, A.T.2    Rosati, A.3
  • 56
    • 0043095495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three- and four-dimensional variational assimilation with a general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Part II: Physical validation
    • Vialard, J., A. T. Weaver, D. L. T. Anderson, and P. Delecluse, 2003b: Three- and four-dimensional variational assimilation with a general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Part II: Physical validation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1379-1395.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.131 , pp. 1379-1395
    • Vialard, J.1    Weaver, A.T.2    Anderson, D.L.T.3    Delecluse, P.4
  • 57
    • 37549029756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal North Pacific bred vectors in a coupled GCM
    • Vikhliaev, Y., B. Kirtman, and P. Schopf, 2007: Decadal North Pacific bred vectors in a coupled GCM. J. Climate, 20, 5744-5764.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 5744-5764
    • Vikhliaev, Y.1    Kirtman, B.2    Schopf, P.3
  • 58
    • 20444458508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the El Niño-Interannual Prediction Project coupled general circulation model
    • International CLIVAR Project Office, Southampton, United Kingdom
    • Vintzileos, A., M. M. Rienecker, M. J. Suarez, S. K. Miller, P. J. Pegion, and J. T. Bacmeister, 2003: Simulation of the El Niño-Interannual Prediction Project coupled general circulation model. CLIVAR Exchanges, Vol. 8, International CLIVAR Project Office, Southampton, United Kingdom, 25-27.
    • (2003) CLIVAR Exchanges , vol.8 , pp. 25-27
    • Vintzileos, A.1    Rienecker, M.M.2    Suarez, M.J.3    Miller, S.K.4    Pegion, P.J.5    Bacmeister, J.T.6
  • 59
    • 0032577961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA
    • Wallace, J. M., E. M. Rasmusson, T. P. Mitchell, V. E. Kousky, E. Sarachik, and H. von Storch, 1998: On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacific: Lessons from TOGA. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14 241-14 260.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res , vol.103
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Rasmusson, E.M.2    Mitchell, T.P.3    Kousky, V.E.4    Sarachik, E.5    von Storch, H.6
  • 60
    • 33846680583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the theoretical equivalence of differently proposed ensemble-3DVar hybrid analysis schemes
    • Wang, X., C. Snyder, and T. M. Hamill, 2007: On the theoretical equivalence of differently proposed ensemble-3DVar hybrid analysis schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 222-227.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.135 , pp. 222-227
    • Wang, X.1    Snyder, C.2    Hamill, T.M.3
  • 61
    • 0042031463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three- and four-dimensional variational assimilation with a general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Part I: Formulation, internal diagnostics, and consistency checks
    • Weaver, A. T., J. Vialard, and D. L. T. Anderson, 2003: Three- and four-dimensional variational assimilation with a general circulation model of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Part I: Formulation, internal diagnostics, and consistency checks. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1360-1378.
    • (2003) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.131 , pp. 1360-1378
    • Weaver, A.T.1    Vialard, J.2    Anderson, D.L.T.3
  • 62
    • 0028560976 scopus 로고
    • On the prediction of ENSO: A study with a low order Markov model
    • Xue, Y., M. A. Cane, S. E. Zebiak, and M. B. Blumenthal, 1994: On the prediction of ENSO: A study with a low order Markov model. Tellus, 46A, 512-528.
    • (1994) Tellus , vol.46 A , pp. 512-528
    • Xue, Y.1    Cane, M.A.2    Zebiak, S.E.3    Blumenthal, M.B.4
  • 63
    • 0033394898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the tropical Pacific Ocean to precipitation induced freshwater flux
    • Yang, S., K. Lau, and P. Schopf, 1999: Sensitivity of the tropical Pacific Ocean to precipitation induced freshwater flux. Climate Dyn., 15, 737-750.
    • (1999) Climate Dyn , vol.15 , pp. 737-750
    • Yang, S.1    Lau, K.2    Schopf, P.3
  • 64
    • 33646756214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO bred vectors in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models
    • Yang, S.-C., M. Cai, E. Kalnay, M. Rienecker, G. Yuan, and Z. Toth, 2006: ENSO bred vectors in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. J. Climate, 19, 1422-1436.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 1422-1436
    • Yang, S.-C.1    Cai, M.2    Kalnay, E.3    Rienecker, M.4    Yuan, G.5    Toth, Z.6
  • 65
    • 23644455717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The linear response of ENSO to the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Zavala-Garay, J., C. Zhang, A. M. Moore, and R. Kleeman, 2005: The linear response of ENSO to the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 18, 2441-2459.
    • (2005) J. Climate , vol.18 , pp. 2441-2459
    • Zavala-Garay, J.1    Zhang, C.2    Moore, A.M.3    Kleeman, R.4
  • 66
    • 33644663577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific
    • Zhang, X., and M. J. McPhaden, 2006: Wind stress variations and interannual sea surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 19, 226-241.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 226-241
    • Zhang, X.1    McPhaden, M.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.