Advances in P-glycoprotein-based approaches for delivering anticancer drugs: Pharmacokinetic perspective and clinical relevance

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 121-138

  Saneja, Ankit ^a,b   Khare, Vaibhav ^b   Alam, Noor ^b   Dubey, Ravindra Dhar ^b   Gupta, Prem N ^a,b  

^a ACADEMY OF SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH ACSIR   (India)

^b CSIR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE   (India)

Author keywords

Anticancer drugs; Drug delivery system; P glycoprotein; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; EXCIPIENT; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN; NANOCARRIER;

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; HUMAN; MODULATION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; ANIMAL; ANTAGONISTS AND INHIBITORS; METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; HUMANS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN;

EID: 84890736388     PISSN: 17425247     EISSN: 17447593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.865014     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Bansal T, Jaggi M, Khar R, Talegaonkar S. Emerging significance of flavonoids as P-glycoprotein inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2009;12(1):46-78
2. Parhi P, Mohanty C, Sahoo SK. Nanotechnology-based combinational drug delivery: An emerging approach for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2012;17(17-18):1044-52
3. Bansal T, Akhtar N, Jaggi M, et al. Novel formulation approaches for optimising delivery of anticancer drugs based on P-glycoprotein modulation. Drug Discov Today 2009;14(21):1067-74
4. Nakanishi T. Drug transporters as targets for cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2007;4(3):241-54
5. Montesinos RN, Beduneau A, Pellequer Y, Lamprecht A. Delivery of P-glycoprotein substrates using chemosensitizers and nanotechnology for selective and efficient therapeutic outcomes. J Control Release 2012;161:50-61
6. Murakami T, Takano M. Intestinal efflux transporters and drug absorption. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008;4(7):923-39
7. Juliano RL, Ling V. A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta 1976;455(1):152-62
8. Darby RAJ, Callaghan R, McMahon RM. P-glycoprotein Inhibition: The Past, the Present and the Future. Curr Drug Metab 2011;12:722-31
9. Martin C, Berridge G, Higgins C, et al. Communication between multiple drug binding sites on P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol 2000;58(3):624-32
10. Chen L, Li Y, Yu H, et al. Computational models for predicting substrates or inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Drug Discov Today 2011;17(7):343-51
11. Colabufo NA, Berardi F, Cantore M, et al. Perspectives of P-glycoprotein modulating agents in oncology and neurodegenerative diseases: Pharmaceutical, biological, and diagnostic potentials. J Med Chem 2010;53(5):1883
12. Palmeira A, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH, Pinto MM. Three decades of P-gp inhibitors: Skimming through several generations and scaffolds. Curr Med Chem 2012;19(13):1946-2025
13. Desai PP, Date AA, Patravale VB. Overcoming poor oral bioavailability using nanoparticle formulations -opportunities and limitations. Drug Discov Today Technol 2011;9(2):e87-95
14. Patel NR, Rathi A, Mongayt D, Torchilin VP. Reversal of multidrug resistance by co-delivery of tariquidar (XR9576) and paclitaxel using longcirculating liposomes. Int J Pharm 2011;416(1):296-9
15. Wong HL, Bendayan R, Rauth AM, Wu XY. Simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and GG918 (Elacridar) by new polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLN) for enhanced treatment of multidrug-resistant breast cancer. J Control Release 2006;116(3):275-84
16. Wang JC, Liu XY, Lu WL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered stealth liposomal doxorubicin modulated with verapamil in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006;62(1):44-51
17. Varma MVS, Ashokraj Y, Dey CS, Panchagnula R. P-glycoprotein inhibitors and their screening: A perspective from bioavailability enhancement. Pharmacol Res 2003;48(4):347-59
18. Binkhathlan Z, Lavasanifar A. P-glycoprotein inhibition as a therapeutic approach for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer: Current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2013;13(3):326-46
19. Aller SG, Yu J, Ward A, et al. Structure of P-glycoprotein reveals a molecular basis for poly-specific drug binding. Science 2009;323(5922):1718-22
20. Stenham DR, Campbell JD, Sansom MSP, et al. An atomic detail model for the human ATP binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein derived from disulfide cross-linking and homology modeling. FASEB J 2003;17(15):2287-9
21. Becker JP, Depret Gg, Van Bambeke Fo, et al. Molecular models of human Pglycoprotein in two different catalytic states. BMC Struct Biol 2009;9(1):3
22. Pajeva IK, Globisch C, Wiese M. Structure-function relationships of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. J Med Chem 2004;47(10):2523-33
23. Jin MS, Oldham ML, Zhang Q, Chen J. Crystal structure of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein from Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 2012;490(7421):566-9
24. Ward AB, Szewczyk P, Grimard V, et al. Structures of P-glycoprotein reveal its conformational flexibility and an epitope on the nucleotide-binding domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013;110(33):13386-91
25. Marzolini C, Paus E, Buclin T, Kim RB. Polymorphisms in human MDR1 (Pglycoprotein): Recent advances and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75(1):13-33
26. Ambudkar SV, Kimchi-Sarfaty C, Sauna ZE, Gottesman MM. Pglycoprotein: From genomics to mechanism. Oncogene 2003;22(47):7468-85
27. Thiebaut F, Tsuruo T, Hamada H, et al. Cellular localization of the multidrugresistance gene product P-glycoprotein in normal human tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84(21):7735-8
28. Ana F, Gilberto A, Falcao A. In vitro and in vivo relevance of the Pglycoprotein probe substrates in drug discovery and development: Focus on rhodamine 123, digoxin and talinolol. J Bioequ Bioavail 2011;2:1-23
29. Dietrich CG, Geier A, Elferink RPJO. ABC of oral bioavailability: Transporters as gatekeepers in the gut. Gut 2003;52(12):1788-95
30. Shukla S, Ohnuma S, Ambudkar SV. Improving cancer chemotherapy with modulators of ABC drug transporters. Curr Drug Targets 2011;12(5):621-30
31. Schellens JHM, Schinkel AH. Method of improving bioavailability of orally administered drugs, a method of screening for enhancers of such bioavailability and novel pharmaceutical compositions for oral delivery of drugs. US7030132; 2006
32. Broder S, Duchin KL, Selim S. Method, compositions and kits for increasing the oral bioavailability of pharmaceutical agents. US6245805B1; 1996
33. Broder S, Duchin KL, Selim S. Method, compositions and kits for increasing the oral bioavailability of pharmaceutical agents. US7041640B2; 2004
34. Terwogt JMM, Beijnen JH, ten Bokkel Huinink WW, et al. Co-Administration of cyclosporin enables oral therapy with paclitaxel. Lancet 1998;352(9124):285
35. Van Asperen J, Van Tellingen O, Sparreboom A, et al. Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in mice treated with the P-glycoprotein blocker SDZ PSC 833. Br J Cancer 1997;76(9):1181
36. Chiou WL, Wu TC, Ma C, Jeong HY. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel by coadministration of cyclosporine: Quantitation and role of P-glycoprotein. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(7):1951-2
37. Malingre MM, Richel DJ, Beijnen JH, et al. Coadministration of cyclosporine strongly enhances the oral bioavailability of docetaxel. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(4):1160-6
38. McEntee M, Silverman JA, Rassnick K, et al. Enhanced bioavailability of oral docetaxel by co-Administration of cyclosporin A in dogs and rats. Vet Comp Oncol 2003;1(2):105-12
39. Liscovitch M, Lavie Y. Cancer multidrug resistance: A review of recent drug discovery research. IDrugs 2002;5(4):349-55
40. Lhomme C, Joly F, Walker JL, et al. Phase III study of valspodar (PSC 833) combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin compared with paclitaxel and carboplatin alone in patients with stage IV or suboptimally debulked stage III epithelial ovarian cancer or primary peritoneal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(16):2674-82
41. Friedenberg WR, Rue M, Blood EA, et al. Phase III study of PSC-833 (valspodar) in combination with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (valspodar/VAD) versus VAD alone in patients with recurring or refractory multiple myeloma (E1A95). Cancer 2006;106(4):830-8
42. Rago RP, Einstein Jr A, Lush R, et al. Safety and efficacy of the MDR inhibitor Incel (biricodar, VX-710) in combination with mitoxantrone and prednisone in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003;51(4):297-305
43. Seiden MV, Swenerton KD, Matulonis U, et al. A phase II study of the MDR inhibitor biricodar (INCEL, VX-710) and paclitaxel in women with advanced ovarian cancer refractory to paclitaxel therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2002;86(3):302-10
44. Hyafil Fo, Vergely C, Du Vignaud P, Grand Perret T. In vitro and in vivo reversal of multidrug resistance by GF120918, an acridonecarboxamide derivative. Cancer Res 1993;53(19):4595-602
45. Dantzig AH, Shepard RL, Cao J, et al. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by a potent cyclopropyldibenzosuberane modulator, LY335979. Cancer Res 1996;56(18):4171-9
46. Oostendorp RL, Buckle T, Beijnen JH, et al. The effect of P-gp (Mdr1a/1b), BCRP (Bcrp1) and P-gp/BCRP inhibitors on the in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of imatinib. Invest New Drugs 2009;27(1):31-40
47. Bihorel Sb, Camenisch G, Lemaire M, Scherrmann JM. Modulation of the brain distribution of imatinib and its metabolites in mice by valspodar, zosuquidar and elacridar. Pharm Res 2007;24(9):1720-8
48. Sparreboom A, Planting AST, Jewell RC, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in combination with GF120918, a potent inhibitor of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Anticancer drugs 1999;10(8):719-28
49. Malingre MM, Beijnen JH, Rosing H, et al. Co-Administration of GF120918 significantly increases the systemic exposure to oral paclitaxel in cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2001;84(1):42-7
50. Kuppens I, Bosch TM, Van Maanen MJ, et al. Oral bioavailability of docetaxel in combination with OC144-093 (ONT-093). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005;55(1):72-8
51. Wu CP, Ohnuma S, Ambudkar SV. Discovering natural product modulators to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011;12(4):609-20
52. Najar IA, Sharma SC, Singh GD, et al. Involvement of P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A4 in the enhancement of etoposide bioavailability by a piperine analogue. Chem Biol Interact 2011;190(2):84-90
53. Sachin BS, Najar IA, Sharma SC, et al. Simultaneous determination of etoposide and a piperine analogue (PA-1) by UPLC-qTOF-MS: Evidence that PA-1 enhances the oral bioavailability of etoposide in mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010;878(9):823-30
54. Buggins TR, Dickinson PA, Taylor G. The effects of pharmaceutical excipients on drug disposition. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007;59(15):1482-503
55. Lo YL. Relationships between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of pharmaceutical excipients and their multidrug resistance modulating effect in Caco-2 cells and rat intestines. J Control Release 2003;90:37-48
56. Zhang H, Yao M, Morrison AR, et al. Commonly used surfactant, tween 80, improves absorption of P-glycoprotein substrate, digoxin, in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2003;26(9):768-72
57. Batrakova EV, Kabanov AV. Pluronic block copolymers: Evolution of drug delivery concept from inert nanocarriers to biological response modifiers. J Control Release 2008;130(2):98-106
58. Collnot EM, Baldes C, Schaefer UF, et al. Vitamin E TPGS P-glycoprotein inhibition mechanism: Influence on conformational flexibility, intracellular ATP levels, and role of time and site of access. Mol Pharm 2010;7(3):642-51
59. Varma MVS, Panchagnula R. Enhanced oral paclitaxel absorption with vitamin ETPGS: Effect on solubility and permeability in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005;25:445-53
60. Akhtar N, Ahad A, Khar RK, et al. The emerging role of P-glycoprotein inhibitors in drug delivery: A patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011;21(4):561-76
61. Thanki K, Gangwal R, Sangamwar AT, Jain S. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs: Challenges and opportunities. J Control Release 2013;170(1):15-40
62. Wiwattanapatapee R, Carreno-Gomez B, Malik N, et al. Anionic PAMAM dendrimers rapidly cross adult rat intestine in vitro: A potential oral delivery system? Pharm Res 2000;17(8):991-8
63. Constantinides PP, Wasan KM. Lipid formulation strategies for enhancing intestinal transport and absorption of Pglycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drugs: In vitro/In vivo case studies. J Pharm Sci 2007;96(2):235-48
64. Binkhathlan Z, Hamdy AD, Brocks RD, Lavasanifar A. Development of a polymeric micellar formulation for valspodar and assessment of its pharmacokinetics in rat. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010;75(2):90-5
65. Sane R, Mittapalli KR, Elmquist FW. Development and evaluation of a novel microemulsion formulation of elacridar to improve its bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2013;102:1343-54
66. Park JH, Park JH, Hur HJ, et al. Effects of silymarin and formulation on the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012;45(3):296-301
67. Gao P, Rush BD, Pfund WP, et al. Development of a supersaturable SEDDS (S-SEDDS) formulation of paclitaxel with improved oral bioavailability. J Pharm Sci 2003;92(12):2386-98
68. Wong MY, Chiu GNC. Liposome formulation of co-encapsulated vincristine and quercetin enhanced antitumor activity in a trastuzumabinsensitive breast tumor xenograft model. Nanomedicine 2011;7(6):834-40
69. Misra R, Sahoo SK. Coformulation of doxorubicin and curcumin in poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles suppresses the development of multidrug resistance in K562 cells. Mol Pharm 2011;8(3):852-66
70. Duan J, Mansour HM, Zhang Y, et al. Reversion of multidrug resistance by coencapsulation of doxorubicin and curcumin in chitosan/poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2012;426(1):193-201
71. Patil Y, Sadhukha T, Ma L, Panyam J. Nanoparticle-mediated simultaneous and targeted delivery of paclitaxel and tariquidar overcomes tumor drug resistance. J Control Release 2009;136(1):21-9
72. Song XR, Cai Z, Zheng Y, et al. Reversion of multidrug resistance by coencapsulation of vincristine and verapamil in PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009;37(3):300-5
73. Abbasi M, Lavasanifar A, Uludag H. Recent attempts at RNAi-mediated Pglycoprotein downregulation for reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer. Med Res Rev 2013;33(1):33-53
74. Szakacs G, Varadi A, Ozvegy Laczka C, Sarkadi B. The role of ABC transporters in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME-Tox). Drug Discov Today 2008;13(9):379-93
75. Chang JH, Uchizono JA, Park MS. Efflux of drugs via transporters -The anti-Absorption pathway. Hu M, Li X, editors. Oral bioavailability: Basic principles, advanced concepts, and applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hoboken, NJ, USA: 2011. p. 111-26
76. Fletcher JI, Haber M, Henderson MJ, Norris MD. ABC transporters in cancer: More than just drug efflux pumps. Nat Rev Cancer 2010;10(2):147-56
77. Mazzaferro S, Bouchemal K, Ponchel G. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs III: Formulation using drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2013;18(1-2):99-104
78. Eichhorn T, Efferth T. P-glycoprotein and its inhibition in tumors by phytochemicals derived from Chinese herbs. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;141(2):557-70
79. Choi JS, Piao YJ, Kang KW. Effects of quercetin on the bioavailability of doxorubicin in rats: Role of CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibition by quercetin. Arch Pharm Res 2011;34(4):607-13
80. Shin SC, Li C, Choi JS. Effects of baicalein, an antioxidant, on the bioavailability of doxorubicin in rats: Possible role of P-glycoprotein inhibition by baicalein. Pharmazie 2009;64(9):579-83
81. Choi SJ, Shin SC, Choi JS. Effects of myricetin on the bioavailability of doxorubicin for oral drug delivery in Rats: Possible role of CYP3A4 and Pglycoprotein inhibition by myricetin. Arch Pharm Res 2011;34(2):309-15
82. Lee CK, Ki SH, Choi JS. Effects of oral curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral etoposide in rats: Possible role of intestinal CYP3A and Pgp inhibition by curcumin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011;32(4):245-51
83. Li X, Yun JK, Choi JS. Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2007;28(3):151-6
84. Li C, Li X, Choi JS. Enhanced bioavailability of etoposide after oral or intravenous administration of etoposide with kaempferol in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2009;32(1):133-8
85. Li X, Choi JS. Effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of Etoposide after oral or intravenous administration of etoposide in rats. Anticancer Res 2009;29(4):1411-15
86. Yang LQ, Wang B, Gan H, et al. Enhanced oral bioavailability and antitumour effect of paclitaxel by 20 (s)-ginsenoside Rg3 in vivo. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012;33(8):425-36
87. Lee CK, Choi JS. Effects of silibinin, inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein in vitro, on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel after oral and intravenous administration in rats. Pharmacology 2010;85(6):350-6
88. Peng SX, Ritchie DM, Cousineau M, et al. Altered oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of P-glycoprotein substrates by coadministration of biochanin A. J Pharm Sci 2006;95(9):1984-93
89. Ganta S, Devalapally H, Amiji M. Curcumin enhances oral bioavailability and anti-Tumor therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel upon administration in nanoemulsion formulation. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(11):4630-41
90. Jin J, Bi H, Hu J, et al. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of paclitaxel after oral administration of Schisandrol B in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2010;31(4):264-8
91. Lim SC, Choi JS. Effects of naringin on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous paclitaxel in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2006;27(9):443-7
92. Kim C-S, Choi S-J, Park C-Y, et al. Effects of silybinin on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen in rats. Anticancer Res 2010;30(1):79-85
93. Li C, Kim M, Choi H, Choi J. Effects of baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats: Possible role of cytochrome p450 3A4 and Pglycoprotein inhibition by baicalein. Arch Pharm Res 2011;34(11):1965-72
94. Li C, Lim S-C, Kim J, Choi J-S. Effects of myricetin, an anticancer compound, on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011;36(3):175-82
95. Bansal T, Awasthi A, Jaggi M, et al. Pre-clinical evidence for altered absorption and biliary excretion of irinotecan (CPT-11) in combination with quercetin: Possible contribution of P-glycoprotein. Life Sci 2008;83(7):250-9
96. Lin L-C, Wang M-N, Tsai T-H. Food-drug interaction of (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and the metabolite SN-38. Chem Biol Interact 2008;174(3):177-82
97. Hu K, Cao S, Hu F, Feng J. Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel by lecithin nanoparticles: Preparation, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012;7:3537-45
98. Feng SS, Mei L, Anitha P, et al. Poly (lactide)-vitamin E derivative/ montmorillonite nanoparticle formulations for the oral delivery of Docetaxel. Biomaterials 2009;30(19):3297
99. Kalaria DR, Sharma G, Beniwal V, Ravi Kumar MN. Design of biodegradable nanoparticles for oral delivery of doxorubicin: In vivo pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies in rats. Pharm Res 2009;26(3):492-501
100. Golla K, Cherukuvada B, Ahmed F, Kondapi AK. Efficacy, safety and anticancer activity of protein nanoparticle-based delivery of doxorubicin through intravenous administration in rats. PLoS One 2012;7(12):e51960
101. Ling G, Zhang P, Zhang W, et al. Development of novel self-Assembled DSPLGA hybrid nanoparticles for improving oral bioavailability of vincristine sulfate by P-gp inhibition. J Control Release 2010;148(2):241-8
102. Pandita D, Ahuja A, Lather V, et al. Development of lipid-based nanoparticles for enhancing the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011;12(2):712-22
103. Zhao L, Feng SS. Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel formulated in vitamin E -TPGS emulsified nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Pharm Sci 2010;99(8):3552-60
104. Zabaleta V, Ponchel G, Salman H, et al. Oral administration of paclitaxel with pegylated poly (anhydride) nanoparticles: Permeability and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012;81(3):514-23
105. Zeng N, Hu Q, Liu Z, et al. Preparation and characterization of paclitaxel-loaded DSPE-PEG-liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) for improved bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2012;424(1-2):58-66
106. Agueros M, Zabaleta V, Espuelas S, et al. Increased oral bioavailability of paclitaxel by its encapsulation through complex formation with cyclodextrins in poly (anhydride) nanoparticles. J Control Release 2010;145(1):2-8
107. Jain AK, Swarnakar NK, Godugu C, et al. The effect of the oral administration of polymeric nanoparticles on the efficacy and toxicity of tamoxifen. Biomaterials 2011;32(2):503-15
108. Zhang T, Chen J, Zhang Y, et al. Characterization and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier as a vehicle for oral delivery of etoposide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011;43(3):174-9
109. Shete H, Chatterjee S, De A, Patravale V. Long chain lipid based tamoxifen nlc. part ii: Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution and in vitro anticancer efficacy studies. Int J Pharm 2013;454(1):584-92
110. Jain S, Kumar D, Swarnakar NK, Thanki K. Polyelectrolyte stabilized multilayered liposomes for oral delivery of paclitaxel. Biomaterials 2012;33:6758-68
111. Dahmani FZ, Yang H, Zhou J, et al. Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in pluronic/LHR mixed polymeric micelles: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012;47(1):179-89
112. Mu CF, Balakrishnan P, Cui FD, et al. The effects of mixed MPEG-PLA/ Pluronic copolymer micelles on the bioavailability and multidrug resistance of docetaxel. Biomaterials 2010;31(8):2371-9
113. Ke W, Zhao Y, Huang R, et al. Enhanced oral bioavailability of doxorubicin in a dendrimer drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2008;97(6):2208-16
114. Wu Z, Guo D, Deng L, et al. Preparation and evaluation of a selfemulsifying drug delivery system of etoposide-phospholipid complex. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011;37(1):103-12
115. Akhtar N, Talegaonkar S, Khar RK, Jaggi M. Self-Nanoemulsifying lipid carrier system for enhancement of oral bioavailability of etoposide by Pglycoprotein modulation: In vitro cell line and in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation. Nanotechnology 2011;9:1-14
116. Zhang P, Ling G, Sun J, et al. Multifunctional nanoassemblies for vincristine sulfate delivery to overcome multidrug resistance by escaping Pglycoprotein mediated efflux. Biomaterials 2011;32(23):5524-33
117. Nornoo AO, Zheng H, Lopes LB, et al. Oral microemulsions of paclitaxel: In situ and pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009;71(2):310-17
118. Yin YM, Cui FD, Mu CF, et al. Docetaxel microemulsion for enhanced oral bioavailability: Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release 2009;140(2):86-94
119. Kapse SV, Gaikwad RV, Samad A, Devarajan PV. Self nanoprecipitating preconcentrate of tamoxifen citrate for enhanced bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2012;429(1-2):104-12
120. Torne SJ, Ansari KA, Vavia PR, et al. Enhanced oral paclitaxel bioavailability after administration of paclitaxel-loaded nanosponges. Drug Deliv 2010;17(6):419-25
121. Cao N, Feng SS. Doxorubicin conjugated to D-A-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS): Conjugation chemistry, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Biomaterials 2008;29(28):3856-65
122. Anbharasi V, Cao N, Feng SS. Doxorubicin conjugated to D-A-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and folic acid as a prodrug for targeted chemotherapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010;94(3):730-43
123. Lee E, Lee J, Lee IH, et al. Conjugated chitosan as a novel platform for oral delivery of paclitaxel. J Med Chem 2008;51(20):6442-9
124. Lu Y, Park K. Polymeric micelles and alternative nanonized delivery vehicles for poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2013;453(1):198-214
125. Bourzac K. Nanotechnology: Carrying drugs. Nature 2012;491(7425):S58-60
126. Wang R, Billone PS, Mullett WM. Nanomedicine in action: An overview of cancer nanomedicine on the market and in clinical trials. J Nanomater 2013;2013:1-12
127. Yarmolenko P, Zhao Y, Landon C, et al. Comparative effects of thermosensitive doxorubicin-containing liposomes and hyperthermia in human and murine tumours. Int J Hyperthermia 2010;26(5):485-98
128. Janoff A, Mayer L, Redman J, Swenson C. Fixed ratio drug combination treatments for solid tumors. US7842676B2; 2010