Stabilization of a linear nanomechanical oscillator to its thermodynamic limit

Nature Communications

Volumn 4, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Gavartin, Emanuel ^a   Verlot, Pierre ^a   Kippenberg, Tobias J ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NANOTECHNOLOGY; OSCILLATION; SENSOR; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; THERMODYNAMICS;

ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; FOURIER TRANSFORMATION; GEOMETRY; LASER; LIMIT OF DETECTION; NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; NOISE REDUCTION; OSCILLATOR; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; REACTION TIME; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSDUCER;

EID: 84890669158     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20411723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3860     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Albrecht, T. R., Grutter, P., Horne, D. & Rugar, D. Frequency modulation detection using high-q cantilevers for enhanced force microscope sensitivity. J. Appl. Phys. 69, 668-673 (1991).
2. Cleland, A. N. & Roukes, M. L. Noise processes in nanomechanical resonators. J. App. Phys. 92, 2758-2769 (2002).
3. Ekinci, K. L. & Roukes, M. L. Nanoelectromechanical systems. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 061101 (2005).
4. Saulson, P. Thermal noise in mechanical experiments. Phys. Rev. D 42, 2437 (1990).
5. Briant, T., Cohadon, P., Pinard, M. & Heidmann, A. Optical phase-space reconstruction of mirror motion at the attometer level. Eur. Phys. J. D 22, 131-140 (2003).
6. Giessibl, F. et al. Atomic resolution of the silicon (111)-(7-7) surface by atomic force microscopy. Science (New York, NY) 267, 68-71 (1995).
7. Rugar, D., Budakian, R., Mamin, H. & Chui, B. Single spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy. Nature 430, 329-332 (2004). (Pubitemid 38937736)
8. Chaste, J. et al. A nanomechanical mass sensor with yoctogram resolution. Nat. Nanotech. 7, 300-303 (2012).
9. Jensen, K., Kim, K. & Zettl, A. An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor. Nat. Nanotech. 3, 533-537 (2008).
10. Naik, A., Hanay, M., Hiebert, W., Feng, X. & Roukes, M. Towards singlemolecule nanomechanical mass spectrometry. Nat. Nanotech. 4, 445-450 (2009).
11. Cleland, A. & Roukes, M. A nanometre-scale mechanical electrometer. Nature 392, 160-162 (1998). (Pubitemid 28162783)
12. Nguyen, C.-C. MEMS technology for timing and frequency control. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 54, 251-270 (2007).
13. Binnig, G., Quate, C. & Gerber, C. Atomic force microscope. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930-933 (1986).
14. Nayfeh, A. & Mook, D. Nonlinear Oscillations (Wiley, 1979).
15. Feng, X. L., White, C. J., Hajimiri, A. & Roukes, M. L. A self-sustaining ultrahigh-frequency nanoelectromechanical oscillator. Nat. Nanotech. 3, 342-346 (2008). (Pubitemid 351809608)
16. Lee, J., Shen, W., Payer, K., Burg, T. P. & Manalis, S. R. Toward attogram mass measurements in solution with suspended nanochannel resonators. Nano Lett. 10, 2537-2542 (2010).
17. Fong, K. Y., Pernice, W. H. P. & Tang, H. X. Frequency and phase noise of ultrahigh Q silicon nitride nanomechanical resonators. Phys. Rev. B 85, 161410 (2012).
18. Yurke, B., Greywall, D. S., Pargellis, A. N. & Busch, P. A. Theory of amplifiernoise evasion in an oscillator employing a nonlinear resonator. Phys. Rev. A 51, 4211-4229 (1995).
19. Kenig, E. et al. Passive phase noise cancellation scheme. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 264102 (2012).
20. Antonio, D., Zanette, D. H. & Lopez, D. Frequency stabilization in nonlinear micromechanical oscillators. Nat. Commun. 3, 806 (2012).
21. Villanueva, L. et al. A nanoscale parametric feedback oscillator. Nano Lett. 11, 5054-5059 (2011).
22. Villanueva, L. G. et al. Surpassing fundamental limits of oscillators using nonlinear resonators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 177208 (2013).
23. Rugar, D. & Grüutter, P. Mechanical parametric amplification and thermomechanical noise squeezing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 699-702 (1991).
24. Mahboob, I., Nishiguchi, K., Fujiwara, A. & Yamaguchi, H. Phonon lasing in an electromechanical resonator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 127202 (2013).
25. Verlot, P., Tavernarakis, A., Briant, T., Cohadon, P. & Heidmann, A. Scheme to probe optomechanical correlations between two optical beams down to the quantum level. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 103601 (2009).
26. Arcizet, O. et al. A single nitrogen-vacancy defect coupled to a nanomechanical oscillator. Nat. Phys. 7, 879-883 (2011).
27. Gavartin, E., Verlot, P. & Kippenberg, T. J. A hybrid on-chip optomechanical transducer for ultrasensitive force measurements. Nat. Nanotech 7, 509-514 (2012).
28. Anetsberger, G. et al. Near-field cavity optomechanics with nanomechanical oscillators. Nat. Phys. 5, 909-914 (2009).
29. Anetsberger, G. et al. Measuring nanomechanical motion with an imprecision below the standard quantum limit. Phys. Rev. A 82, 061804 (2010).
30. Giessibl, F. J. Advances in atomic force microscopy. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 949-983 (2003). (Pubitemid 37249573)
31. Dürig, U., Steinauer, H. R. & Blanc, N. Dynamic force microscopy by means of the phase-controlled oscillator method. J. Appl. Phys. 82, 3641-3651 (1997). (Pubitemid 127560366)
32. S. Morita, R. W. & Meyer, E. (eds.) Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy (Springer, 2002; Chapter 2).
33. Cohadon, P. F., Heidmann, A. & Pinard, M. Cooling of a mirror by radiation pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3174-3177 (1999). (Pubitemid 129582857)
34. Maizelis, Z. A., Roukes, M. L. & Dykman, M. I. Detecting and characterizing frequency fluctuations of vibrational modes. Phys. Rev. B 84, 144301 (2011).
35. Vig, J. R. & Kim, Y. Noise in microelectromechanical system resonators. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Control 46, 1558-1565 (1999). (Pubitemid 30536501)
36. Labuda, A., Bates, J. R. & Grütter, P. H. The noise of coated cantilevers. Nanotechnology 23, 025503 (2012).
37. Gray, J. M., Bertness, K. A., Sanford, N. A. & Rogers, C. T. Low-frequency noise in gallium nitride nanowire mechanical resonators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233115 (2012).
38. Kozinsky, I., Postma, H., Bargatin, I. & Roukes, M. Tuning nonlinearity, dynamic range, and frequency of nanomechanical resonators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 253101-253101 (2006).
39. Faust, T., Krenn, P., Manus, S., Kotthaus, J. P. & Weig, E. M. Microwave cavityenhanced transduction for plug and play nanomechanics at room temperature. Nat. Commun. 3, 728 (2012).
40. Poggio, M. et al. An off-board quantum point contact as a sensitive detector of cantilever motion. Nat. Phys. 4, 635-638 (2008).
41. Gorodetsky, M. L., Schliesser, A., Anetsberger, G., Deleglise, S. & Kippenberg, T. J. Determination of the vacuum optomechanical coupling rate using frequency noise calibration. Opt. Express. 18, 23236-23246 (2010).
42. Pinard, M., Hadjar, Y. & Heidmann, A. Effective mass in quantum effects of radiation pressure. Eur. Phys. J. D 7, 107-116 (1999).
43. Teufel, J. D., Donner, T., Castellanos-Beltran, M. A., Harlow, J. W. & Lehnert, K. W. Nanomechanical motion measured with an imprecision below that at the standard quantum limit. Nat. Nanotech. 4, 820-823 (2009).