Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy

European Urology

Volumn 64, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 876-892

  Loeb, Stacy ^a   Vellekoop, Annelies ^a   Ahmed, Hashim U ^b   Catto, James ^c   Emberton, Mark ^b   Nam, Robert ^d   Rosario, Derek J ^c   Scattoni, Vincenzo ^e   Lotan, Yair ^f  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^d SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^e VITA SALUTE SAN RAFFAELE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Biopsy; Bleeding; Complications; Infection; Mortality; Prostate

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; AMIKACIN; ANESTHETIC AGENT; CIPROFLOXACIN; GENTAMICIN; ISEPAMICIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; QUINOLONE DERIVATIVE; TAMSULOSIN; TOSUFLOXACIN;

ANALGESIA; ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTICOAGULATION; ANXIETY; ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA; BACTEREMIA; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMBASE; EPIDIDYMITIS; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HEMATURIA; HEMOSPERMIA; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INFECTION RATE; INFECTIOUS COMPLICATION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTERNATIONAL INDEX OF ERECTILE FUNCTION; LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOM; MEDLINE; MENINGITIS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MUSCLE RELAXATION; PAIN; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE VOLUME; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RECTUM HEMORRHAGE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SCLEROTHERAPY; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SPONDYLITIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; URINE RETENTION;

BIOPSY; BLEEDING; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; PROSTATE;

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BIOPSY, NEEDLE; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMANS; MALE; PAIN; PROSTATE;

EID: 84887406042     PISSN: 03022838     EISSN: 18737560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.049     Document Type: Review

References (213)

1. D.A. Williamson, S.A. Roberts, and D.L. Paterson Escherichia coli bloodstream infection after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: implications of fluoroquinolone-resistant sequence type 131 as a major causative pathogen Clin Infect Dis 54 2012 1406 1412
2. D.J. Rosario, J.A. Lane, and C. Metcalfe Short term outcomes of prostate biopsy in men tested for cancer by prostate specific antigen: prospective evaluation within ProtecT study BMJ 344 2012 d7894
3. S. Loeb, H.B. Carter, S.I. Berndt, W. Ricker, and E.M. Schaeffer Complications after prostate biopsy: data from SEER-Medicare J Urol 186 2011 1830 1834
4. Nam RK, Saskin R, Lee Y, et al. Increasing hospital admission rates for urological complications after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. J Urol 2013;189(Suppl 1):S12-7; discussion S17-8.
5. P.F. Shen, Y.C. Zhu, and W.R. Wei The results of transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Asian J Androl 14 2012 310 315
6. G.I. Pinkhasov, Y.K. Lin, and R. Palmerola Complications following prostate needle biopsy requiring hospital admission or emergency department visits - experience from 1000 consecutive cases BJU Int 110 2012 369 374
7. I. Celebi, B. Irer, A. Kefi, E. Kurtulan, Y. Goktay, and T. Ergin Relationship between complications due to prostate biopsy and the scores of pain and discomfort Urol Int 72 2004 303 307
8. S.H. Lee, S.M. Chen, C.R. Ho, P.L. Chang, C.L. Chen, and K.H. Tsui Risk factors associated with transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy in patients with prostate cancer Chang Gung Med J 32 2009 623 627
9. T.H. Ecke, H. Gerullis, and C.J. Heuck Does a new ultrasound probe change the complication rates of transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsies of the prostate? Anticancer Res 30 2010 3071 3076
10. Y. Kakehi, and S. Naito Complication rates of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a nation-wide survey in Japan Int J Urol 15 2008 319 321
11. G. Koc, S. Un, D.N. Filiz, K. Akbay, and Y. Yilmaz Does washing the biopsy needle with povidone-iodine have an effect on infection rates after transrectal prostate needle biopsy? Urol Int 85 2010 147 151
12. C.M. de Jesus, L.A. Correa, and C.R. Padovani Complications and risk factors in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies Sao Paulo Med J 124 2006 198 202
13. AUA/SUNA white paper on the incidence, prevention and treatment of complications related to prostate needle biopsy. American Urological Association Web site. http://www.auanet.org/common/pdf/practices-resources/quality/ patientsafety/Prostate-Needle-Biopsy-White-Paper.pdf. Accessed February 22, 2013.
14. L. Lee, and J. Pilcher The role of transrectal ultrasound and biopsy in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer Imaging 20 2008 122 130
15. T.H. Ecke, S. Gunia, P. Bartel, S. Hallmann, S. Koch, and J. Ruttloff Complications and risk factors of transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsies of the prostate evaluated by questionnaire Urol Oncol 26 2008 474 478
16. R. Raaijmakers, W.J. Kirkels, M.J. Roobol, M.F. Wildhagen, and F.H. Schrder Complication rates and risk factors of 5802 transrectal ultrasound-guided sextant biopsies of the prostate within a population-based screening program Urology 60 2002 826 830
17. O.M. Zaytoun, T. Anil, A.S. Moussa, L. Jianbo, K. Fareed, and J.S. Jones Morbidity of prostate biopsy after simplified versus complex preparation protocols: assessment of risk factors Urology 77 2011 910 914
18. K.R. Ghani, D. Dundas, and U. Patel Bleeding after transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy: a study of 7-day morbidity after a six-, eight- and 12-core biopsy protocol BJU Int 94 2004 1014 1020
19. R. Chowdhury, A. Abbas, S. Idriz, A. Hoy, E.E. Rutherford, and J.M. Smart Should warfarin or aspirin be stopped prior to prostate biopsy? An analysis of bleeding complications related to increasing sample number regimes Clin Radiol 67 2012 e64 e70
20. G. Saredi, M.C. Sighinolfi, and F. Fidanza Does needle calibre affect pain and complication rates in patients undergoing transperineal prostate biopsy? A prospective, randomized trial Asian J Androl 11 2009 678 682
21. A. Cicione, F. Cantiello, C. De Nunzio, A. Tubaro, and R. Damiano Prostate biopsy quality is independent of needle size: a randomized single-center prospective study Urol Int 89 2012 57 60
22. M. McCormack, A. Duclos, and M. Latour Effect of needle size on cancer detection, pain, bleeding and infection in TRUS-guided prostate biopsies: a prospective trial Can Urol Assoc J 6 2012 97 101
23. P. Toren, R. Razik, and J. Trachtenberg Catastrophic sepsis and hemorrhage following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies Can Urol Assoc J 4 2010 E12 E14
24. S. Loeb, H.B. Carter, S.I. Berndt, W. Ricker, and E.M. Schaeffer Is repeat prostate biopsy associated with a greater risk of hospitalization? Data from SEER-Medicare J Urol 189 2013 867 870
25. P.R. Dodds, J.D. Boucher, and D.E. Shield Are complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies of the prostate gland increasing? Conn Med 75 2011 453 457
26. P. Katsinelos, J. Kountouras, and G. Dimitriadis Endoclipping treatment of life-threatening rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy World J Gastroenterol 15 2009 1130 1133
27. K.P. Braun, M. May, C. Helke, B. Hoschke, and H. Ernst Endoscopic therapy of a massive rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy Int Urol Nephrol 39 2007 1125 1129
28. E. Pacios, J.M. Esteban, M.L. Breton, M.A. Alonso, J.J. Sicilia-Urban, and M.P. Fidalgo Endoscopic treatment of massive rectal bleeding following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Scand J Urol Nephrol 41 2007 561 562
29. M. Manoharan, R. Ayyathurai, A.M. Nieder, and M.S. Soloway Hemospermia following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a prospective study Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 10 2007 283 287
30. G. Lee, K. Attar, M. Laniado, and O. Karim Safety and detailed patterns of morbidity of transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy of prostate in a urologist-led unit Int Urol Nephrol 38 2006 281 285
31. A. de la Taille, P. Antiphon, and L. Salomon Prospective evaluation of a 21-sample needle biopsy procedure designed to improve the prostate cancer detection rate Urology 61 2003 1181 1186
32. Berger AP, Gozzi C, Steiner H, et al. Complication rate of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a comparison among 3 protocols with 6, 10 and 15 cores. J Urol 2004;171:1478-80; discussion 1480-1.
33. G. Giannarini, A. Mogorovich, and F. Valent Continuing or discontinuing low-dose aspirin before transrectal prostate biopsy: results of a prospective randomized trial Urology 70 2007 501 505
34. O.T. Halliwell, G. Yadegafar, C. Lane, and K.C. Dewbury Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: aspirin increases the incidence of minor bleeding complications Clin Radiol 63 2008 557 561
35. Z. Maan, C.W. Cutting, and U. Patel Morbidity of transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies in patients after the continued use of low-dose aspirin BJU Int 91 2003 798 800
36. I. Kariotis, P. Philippou, D. Volanis, E. Serafetinides, and D. Delakas Safety of ultrasound-guided transrectal extended prostate biopsy in patients receiving low-dose aspirin Int Braz J Urol 36 2010 308 316
37. S. Rogenhofer, S. Hauser, and A. Breuer Urological surgery in patients with hemorrhagic bleeding disorders Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, von Willebrand disease: a retrospective study with matched pairs analysis World J Urol 31 2013 703 707
38. L. Carmignani, S. Picozzi, and G. Bozzini Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in patients taking aspirin for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis Transfus Apher Sci 45 2011 275 280
39. J. Wang, C. Zhang, G. Tan, W. Chen, B. Yang, and D. Tan Risk of bleeding complications after preoperative antiplatelet withdrawal versus continuing antiplatelet drugs during transurethral resection of the prostate and prostate puncture biopsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Urol Int 89 2012 433 438
40. Ihezue CU, Smart J, Dewbury KC, Mehta R, Burgess L. Biopsy of the prostate guided by transrectal ultrasound: relation between warfarin use and incidence of bleeding complications. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:459-63; discussion 457-8.
41. T.D. Atwell, R.L. Smith, and G.K. Hesley Incidence of bleeding after 15,181 percutaneous biopsies and the role of aspirin AJR Am J Roentgenol 194 2010 784 789
42. O.T. Halliwell, C. Lane, and K.C. Dewbury Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: should warfarin be stopped before the procedure? Incidence of bleeding in a further 50 patients Clinical Radiol 61 2006 1068 1069
43. N. Ramachandran, A. MacKinnon, C. Allen, D. Dundas, and U. Patel Biopsy of the prostate guided by transrectal ultrasound: relation between warfarin use and incidence of bleeding complications Clin Radiol 60 2005 1130
44. M. Gonen, and S. Resim Simplified treatment of massive rectal bleeding following prostate needle biopsy Int J Urol 11 2004 570 572
45. M. Kilciler, F. Erdemir, E. Demir, O. Guven, and A. Avci The effect of rectal Foley catheterization on rectal bleeding rates after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy J Vasc Interv Radiol 19 2008 1344 1346
46. J. Puig, A. Darnell, and P. Bermudez Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: is antibiotic prophylaxis necessary? Eur Radiol 16 2006 939 943
47. A.M. Bootsma, M.P. Laguna Pes, S.E. Geerlings, and A. Goossens Antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic procedures: a systematic review Eur Urol 54 2008 1270 1286
48. E.L. Zani, O.A. Clark, and N. Rodrigues Netto Jr. Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 CD006576
49. M. Yang, X. Zhao, Z. Wu, N. Xiao, and C. Lu Meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis use in transrectal prostatic biopsy Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 34 2009 115 123
50. American Urological Association. Best practice policy statement on urologic surgery antimicrobial prophylaxis. American Urological Association Web site. https://www.auanet.org/common/pdf/education/clinical-guidance/ Antimicrobial-Prophylaxis.pdf. Accessed February 22, 2013.
51. F.M. Wagenlehner, E. van Oostrum, and P. Tenke Infective complications after prostate biopsy: outcome of the Global Prevalence Study of Infections in Urology (GPIU) 2010 and 2011, a prospective multinational multicentre prostate biopsy study Eur Urol 63 2013 521 527
52. L.G. Smyth, and D.W. Mulvin Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound biopsy of the prostate in Ireland Ir J Med Sci 181 2012 33 35
53. R. Sabbagh, M. McCormack, and F. Peloquin A prospective randomized trial of 1-day versus 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy Can J Urol 11 2004 2216 2219
54. M. Tobias-Machado, T.D. Correa, E.L. De Barros, and E.R. Wroclawski Antibiotic prophylaxis in prostate biopsy. A comparative randomized clinical assay between ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol Int Braz J Urol 29 2003 313 319
55. L. Petteffi, G.P. Toniazzo, G.B. Sander, A.C. Stein, and W.J. Koff Efficiency of short and long term antimicrobial therapy in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies Int Braz J Urol 28 2002 526 532
56. K. Shigemura, K. Tanaka, and M. Yasuda Efficacy of 1-day prophylaxis medication with fluoroquinolone for prostate biopsy World J Urol 23 2005 356 360
57. A.J. Schaeffer, F. Montorsi, and V. Scattoni Comparison of a 3-day with a 1-day regimen of an extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin as antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients undergoing transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate BJU Int 100 2007 51 57
58. R. Briffaux, P. Coloby, and B. Bruyere One preoperative dose randomized against 3-day antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy BJU Int 103 2009 1069 1073 discussion 1073
59. S. Lindstedt, U. Lindstrom, E. Ljunggren, B. Wullt, and M. Grabe Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in core prostate biopsy: impact of timing and identification of risk factors Eur Urol 50 2006 832 837
60. K. Cam, A. Kayikci, Y. Akman, and A. Erol Prospective assessment of the efficacy of single dose versus traditional 3-day antimicrobial prophylaxis in 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy Int J Urol 15 2008 997 1001
61. A.N. Argyropoulos, K. Doumas, A. Farmakis, I. Liakatas, I. Gkialas, and M. Lykourinas Time of administration of a single dose of oral levofloxacin and its effect in infectious complications from transrectal prostate biopsy Int Urol Nephrol 39 2007 897 903
62. H. Erdogan, M.N. Ekinci, M.B. Hoscan, A. Erdogan, and H. Arslan Acute bacterial meningitis after transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate: a case report Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 11 2008 207 208
63. R. Rajgopal, Y. Wang, K.J. Faber, and J.I. Izawa Vertebral osteomyelitis following transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate Can Urol Assoc J 6 2012 E20 E22
64. L. Carmignani, S. Picozzi, and M. Spinelli Bacterial sepsis following prostatic biopsy Int Urol Nephrol 44 2012 1055 1063
65. R. Kato, Y. Suzuki, and T. Matsuura Septic shock due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli after trans-rectal prostate needle biopsy [in Japanese] Hinyokika Kiyo 56 2010 453 456
66. Feliciano J, Teper E, Ferrandino M, et al. The incidence of fluoroquinolone resistant infections after prostate biopsy - are fluoroquinolones still effective prophylaxis? J Urol 2008;179:952-5; discussion 955.
67. Z.K. Otrock, G.O. Oghlakian, M.M. Salamoun, M. Haddad, and A.R. Bizri Incidence of urinary tract infection following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy at a tertiary-care medical center in Lebanon Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 2004 873 877
68. D. Batura, and G.G. Rao The national burden of infections after prostate biopsy in England and Wales: a wake-up call for better prevention J Antimicrob Chemother 68 2013 247 249
69. A. Simsir, E. Kismali, R. Mammadov, G. Gunaydin, and C. Cal Is it possible to predict sepsis, the most serious complication in prostate biopsy? Urol Int 84 2010 395 399
70. O.M. Zaytoun, E.H. Vargo, R. Rajan, R. Berglund, S. Gordon, and J.S. Jones Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli as cause of postprostate biopsy infection: implications for prophylaxis and treatment Urology 77 2011 1035 1041
71. K. Shigemura, M. Matsumoto, K. Tanaka, M. Yamashita, S. Arakawa, and M. Fujisawa Efficacy of combination use of beta-lactamase inhibitor with penicillin and fluoroquinolones for antibiotic prophylaxis in transrectal prostate biopsy Korean J Urol 52 2011 289 292
72. O.A. Raheem, R.G. Casey, and D.J. Galvin Discontinuation of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies: a single-center experience Korean J Urol 53 2012 234 239
73. A. Carignan, J.F. Roussy, V. Lapointe, L. Valiquette, R. Sabbagh, and J. Pepin Increasing risk of infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies: time to reassess antimicrobial prophylaxis? Eur Urol 62 2012 453 459
74. S. Loeb, S. van den Heuvel, X. Zhu, C.H. Bangma, F.H. Schroder, and M.J. Roobol Infectious complications and hospital admissions after prostate biopsy in a European randomized trial Eur Urol 61 2012 1110 1114
75. A.A. Mosharafa, M.H. Torky, W.M. El Said, and A. Meshref Rising incidence of acute prostatitis following prostate biopsy: fluoroquinolone resistance and exposure is a significant risk factor Urology 78 2011 511 514
76. R. Tal, P.M. Livne, D.M. Lask, and J. Baniel Empirical management of urinary tract infections complicating transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy J Urol 169 2003 1762 1765
77. A. Dalhoff Global fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology and implications for clinical use Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2012 2012 976273
78. D.A. Williamson, J. Masters, J. Freeman, and S. Roberts Travel-associated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli bloodstream infection following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy BJU Int 109 2012 E21 E22
79. S. Loeb Antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound biopsy AUA Update Series 32 2013 1 8
80. J.M. Gil-Vernet Sedo, and R. Alvarez-Vijande Garcia Effect of intrarectal povidone-iodine in the incidence of infectious complications after transrectal prostatic biopsy Arch Esp Urol 65 2012 463 466
81. Z. Abughosh, J. Margolick, and S.L. Goldenberg A prospective randomized trial of povidone-iodine prophylactic cleansing of the rectum before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy J Urol 189 2013 1326 1331
82. D.S. Park, J.J. Oh, J.H. Lee, W.K. Jang, Y.K. Hong, and S.K. Hong Simple use of the suppository type povidone-iodine can prevent infectious complications in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Adv Urol 2009 750598
83. S.S. Jeon, S.H. Woo, J.H. Hyun, H.Y. Choi, and S.E. Chai Bisacodyl rectal preparation can decrease infectious complications of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Urology 62 2003 461 466
84. E.S. Chan, K.L. Lo, C.F. Ng, S.M. Hou, and S.K. Yip Randomized controlled trial of antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Chin Med J (Engl) 125 2012 2432 2435
85. Hori S, Sengupta A, Joannides A, Balogun-Ojuri B, Tilley R, McLoughlin J. Changing antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies: are we putting our patients at risk? BJU Int 2010;106:1298-302; discussion 1302.
86. J.P. Horcajada, M. Busto, and S. Grau High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in bacteremia after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a need for changing preventive protocol Urology 74 2009 1195 1199
87. T. Madden, A. Doble, S.H. Aliyu, and D.E. Neal Infective complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy following a new protocol for antibiotic prophylaxis aimed at reducing hospital-acquired infections BJU Int 108 2011 1597 1602
88. M. Adibi, B. Hornberger, D. Bhat, G. Raj, C.G. Roehrborn, and Y. Lotan Reduction in hospital admission rates due to post-prostate biopsy infections after augmenting standard antibiotic prophylaxis J Urol 189 2013 535 540
89. H.S. Ho, L.G. Ng, Y.H. Tan, M. Yeo, and C.W. Cheng Intramuscular gentamicin improves the efficacy of ciprofloxacin as an antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy Ann Acad Med Singapore 38 2009 212 216
90. D. Batura, G.G. Rao, P. Bo Nielsen, and A. Charlett Adding Amikacin to fluoroquinolone-based antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces prostate biopsy infection rates BJU Int 107 2011 760 764
91. S. Yamamoto, S. Ishitoya, T. Segawa, T. Kamoto, K. Okumura, and O. Ogawa Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized study of tosufloxacin versus levofloxacin Int J Urol 15 2008 604 606
92. G. Pace, L. Carmignani, C. Marenghi, G. Mombelli, and G. Bozzini Cephalosporins periprostatic injection: are really effective on infections following prostate biopsy? Int Urol Nephrol 44 2012 1065 1070
93. M. Adibi, M.S. Pearle, and Y. Lotan Cost-effectiveness of standard vs intensive antibiotic regimens for transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy prophylaxis BJU Int 110 2012 E86 E91
94. D. Steensels, K. Slabbaert, L. De Wever, P. Vermeersch, H. Van Poppel, and J. Verhaegen Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli in intestinal flora of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy - should we reassess our practices for antibiotic prophylaxis? Clin Microbiol Infect 18 2012 575 581
95. M.A. Liss, A. Chang, and R. Santos Prevalence and significance of fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy J Urol 185 2011 1283 1288
96. A.K. Taylor, T.R. Zembower, and R.B. Nadler Targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis using rectal swab cultures in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy is associated with reduced incidence of postoperative infectious complications and cost of care J Urol 187 2012 1275 1279
97. C.A. Duplessis, M. Bavaro, and M.P. Simons Rectal cultures before transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy reduce post-prostatic biopsy infection rates Urology 79 2012 556 561
98. S. Taylor, J. Margolick, and Z. Abughosh Ciprofloxacin resistance in the faecal carriage of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy BJU Int 111 2013 946 953
99. Tuncel A, Aslan Y, Sezgin T, Aydin O, Tekdogan U, Atan A. Does disposable needle guide minimize infectious complications after transrectal prostate needle biopsy? Urology 2008;71:1024-7; discussion 1027-8.
100. Gurbuz C, Canat L, Atis G, Caskurlu T. Reducing infectious complications after transrectal prostate needle biopsy using a disposable needle guide: is it possible? Int Braz J Urol 2011;37:79-84; discussion 85-6.
101. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies - Georgia, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55:776-7. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/ preview/mmwrhtml/mm5528a3.htm. Accessed February 22, 2013.
102. J.L. Gillespie, K.E. Arnold, and J. Noble-Wang Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Urology 69 2007 912 914
103. W.A. Rutala, M.F. Gergen, and D.J. Weber Disinfection of a probe used in ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28 2007 916 919
104. C.M. Hoeks, M.G. Schouten, and J.G. Bomers Three-tesla magnetic resonance-guided prostate biopsy in men with increased prostate-specific antigen and repeated, negative, random, systematic, transrectal ultrasound biopsies: detection of clinically significant prostate cancers Eur Urol 62 2012 902 909
105. D. Lange, C. Zappavigna, R. Hamidizadeh, S.L. Goldenberg, R.F. Paterson, and B.H. Chew Bacterial sepsis after prostate biopsy - a new perspective Urology 74 2009 1200 1205
106. M. Sheikh, A.Y. Hussein, and E.O. Kehinde Patients' tolerance and early complications of transrectal sonographically guided prostate biopsy: prospective study of 300 patients J Clin Ultrasound 33 2005 452 456
107. A.M. Westenberg, E.H. Cossar, L.B. Lorimer, and J.P. Costello The acceptability of transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic biopsy without anaesthesia N Z Med J 112 1999 231 232
108. M. Peyromaure, V. Ravery, A. Messas, M. Toublanc, and L. Boccon-Gibod Pain and morbidity of an extensive prostate 10-biopsy protocol: a prospective study in 289 patients J Urol 167 2002 218 221
109. T. Mkinen, A. Auvinen, M. Hakama, U.H. Stenman, and T.L. Tammela Acceptability and complications of prostate biopsy in population-based PSA screening versus routine clinical practice: a prospective, controlled study Urology 60 2002 846 850
110. R. Autorino, M. De Sio, and G. Di Lorenzo How to decrease pain during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a look at the literature J Urol 174 2005 2091 2097
111. Ragavan N, Philip J, Balasubramanian SP, Desouza J, Marr C, Javle P. A randomized, controlled trial comparing lidocaine periprostatic nerve block, diclofenac suppository and both for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of prostate. J Urol 2005;174:510-3; discussion 513.
112. I. Tufek, H. Akpinar, and F. Atug The impact of local anesthetic volume and concentration on pain during prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial J Endourol 26 2012 174 177
113. G. Kahriman, H. Donmez, E. Mavili, N. Ozcan, S.P. Yilmaz, and B. Kenan Transrectal ultrasound guided multicore prostate biopsy: pain control: results of 106 patients J Clin Ultrasound 39 2011 270 273
114. M. Tsivian, P. Qi, and M. Kimura The effect of noise-cancelling headphones or music on pain perception and anxiety in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy Urology 79 2012 32 36
115. T. Saracoglu, A. Unsal, F. Taskin, L. Sevincok, and C.Z. Karaman The impact of pre-procedural waiting period and anxiety level on pain perception in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy Diagn Interv Radiol 18 2012 195 199
116. U. Tekdogan, A. Tuncel, V. Nalcacioglu, C. Kisa, Y. Aslan, and A. Atan Is the pain level of patients affected by anxiety during transrectal prostate needle biopsy? Scand J Urol Nephrol 42 2008 24 28
117. R.C. Macefield, J.A. Lane, and C. Metcalfe Do the risk factors of age, family history of prostate cancer or a higher prostate specific antigen level raise anxiety at prostate biopsy? Eur J Cancer 45 2009 2569 2573
118. M. Valet, T. Sprenger, and H. Boecker Distraction modulates connectivity of the cingulo-frontal cortex and the midbrain during pain - an fMRI analysis Pain 109 2004 399 408
119. M. Alvarez-Mugica, R.C. Gonzalez Alvarez, and A. Jalon Monzon Tolerability and complications of ultrasound guided prostate biopsies with intrarectal lidocaine gel [in Spanish] Arch Esp Urol 60 2007 237 244
120. L. Dell'atti, P.A. Borea, and G.R. Russo Age: "a natural anesthetic" in pain perception during the transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy procedure Urologia 78 2011 257 261
121. M. Raber, V. Scattoni, and M. Roscigno Topical prilocaine-lidocaine cream combined with peripheral nerve block improves pain control in prostatic biopsy: results from a prospective randomized trial Eur Urol 53 2008 967 975
122. Giannarini G, Autorino R, Valent F, et al. Combination of perianal-intrarectal lidocaine-prilocaine cream and periprostatic nerve block for pain control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial. J Urol 2009;181:585-91; discussion 591-3.
123. M. Kilciler, E. Demir, S. Bedir, K. Erten, C. Kilic, and A.F. Peker Pain scores and early complications of transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy: effect of patient position Urol Int 79 2007 361 363
124. G. Aus, J.E. Damber, and J. Hugosson Prostate biopsy and anaesthesia: an overview Scand J Uro Nephrol 39 2005 124 129
125. C. Bastide, E. Lechevallier, C. Eghazarian, J.C. Ortega, and C. Coulange Tolerance of pain during transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: risk factors Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 6 2003 239 241
126. Masood J, Shah N, Lane T, Andrews H, Simpson P, Barua JM. Nitrous oxide (Entonox) inhalation and tolerance of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a double-blind randomized controlled study. J Urol 2002;168:116-20; discussion 120.
127. Manikandan R, Srirangam SJ, Brown SCW, O'Reilly PH, Collins GN. Nitrous oxide vs periprostatic nerve block with 1% lidocaine during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Urol 2003;170:1881-3; discussion 1883.
128. C. Maccagnano, V. Scattoni, and M. Roscigno Anaesthesia in transrectal prostate biopsy: which is the most effective technique? Urol Int 87 2011 1 13
129. P. Shrimali, Y. Bhandari, and S. Kharbanda Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy: midazolam, the ideal analgesic Urol Int 83 2009 333 336
130. Tobias-Machado M, Verotti MJ, Aragao AJ, Rodrigues AO, Borrelli M, Wroclawski ER. Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing three different ways of anesthesia in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Int Braz J Urol 2006;32:172-9; discussion 179-80.
131. S.G. Kang, B.S. Tae, and S.H. Min Efficacy and cost analysis of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy under monitored anesthesia Asian J Androl 13 2011 724 727
132. M. Cesur, T. Yapanoglu, A.F. Erdem, I. Ozbey, H.A. Alici, and Y. Aksoy Caudal analgesia for prostate biopsy Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 54 2010 557 561
133. S.O. Ikuerowo, A.A. Popoola, and E.O. Olapade-Olaopa Caudal block anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy Int Urol Nephrol 42 2010 19 22
134. M.W. Wu, E.M. Sevilla, L. Raman, D. Consigliere, W.Y. Siow, and H.Y. Tiong Incidence of complications after transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate in a local tertiary institution Singapore Med J 52 2011 752 757
135. K.S. Kang, J.K. Yeo, M.G. Park, D.Y. Cho, S.H. Park, and S.S. Park Efficacy of periprostatic anesthesia according to lidocaine dose during transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate Korean J Urol 53 2012 750 754
136. H.Y. Tiong, L.C. Liew, M. Samuel, D. Consigliere, and K. Esuvaranathan A meta-analysis of local anesthesia for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 10 2007 127 136
137. T. Nambirajan, S. Woolsey, V. Mahendra, I.K. Walsh, T.H. Lynch, and P.F. Keane Efficacy and safety peri-prostatic local anaesthetic injection in trans-rectal biopsy of the prostrate: a prospective randomised study Surgeon 2 2004 221 224
138. A. Zisman, D. Leibovici, J. Kleinmann, A. Cooper, Y. Siegel, and A. Lindner The impact of prostate biopsy on patient well-being: a prospective study of voiding impairment J Urol 166 2001 2242 2246
139. F. Cantiello, A. Cicione, R. Autorino, C. Cosentino, F. Amato, and R. Damiano Pelvic plexus block is more effective than periprostatic nerve block for pain control during office transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a single center, prospective, randomized, double arm study J Urol 188 2012 417 421
140. Lee HY, Lee HJ, Byun SS, Lee SE, Hong SK, Kim SH. Effect of intraprostatic local anesthesia during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: comparison of 3 methods in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Urol 2007;178:469-72; discussion 472.
141. E. Ozden, O. Yaman, C. Gogus, E. Ozgencil, and T. Soygur The optimum doses of and injection locations for periprostatic nerve blockade for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study J Urol 170 2003 2319 2322
142. H. Akpinar, I. Tufek, F. Atug, E.H. Esen, and A.R. Kural Doppler ultrasonography-guided pelvic plexus block before systematic needle biopsy of the prostate: a prospective randomized study Urology 74 2009 267-271 e1
143. N. Haga, K. Aikawa, and K. Ishibashi Does periprostatic local anesthesia for prostate biopsy affect the operative difficulty of open radical prostatectomy? A prospective randomized trial Int Urol Nephrol 44 2012 1611 1616
144. V. Izol, B. Soyupak, G. Seydaoglu, I.A. Aridogan, and Z. Tansug Three different techniques for administering analgesia during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a comparative study Int Braz J Urol 38 2012 122 128
145. F. Saad, R. Sabbagh, M. McCormack, and F. Peloquin A prospective randomized trial comparing lidocaine and lubricating gel on pain level in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy Can J Urol 9 2002 1592 1594
146. S.Y. Leung, B.B. Wong, M.C. Cheung, K.L. Ho, F.C. Lee, and P.C. Tam Intrarectal administration of lidocaine gel versus plain lubricant gel for pain control during transrectal ultrasound-guided extensive 10-core prostate biopsy in Hong Kong Chinese population: prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial Hong Kong Med J 12 2006 103 107
147. E. Goluza, T. Hudolin, Z. Kastelan, M. Peric, T. Murselovic, and H. Sosic Lidocaine suppository for transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study Urol Int 86 2011 315 319
148. L. Cormio, V. Pagliarulo, and F. Lorusso Combined perianal-intrarectal (PI) lidocaine-prilocaine (LP) cream and lidocaine-ketorolac gel provide better pain relief than combined PI LP cream and periprostatic nerve block during transrectal prostate biopsy BJU Int 109 2012 1776 1780
149. K. Skriapas, C. Konstandinidis, M. Samarinas, P. Kartsaklis, and A. Gekas Pain level and anal discomfort during transrectal ultrasound for guided prostate biopsy. Does intrarectal administration of local anesthetic before periprostatic anesthesia makes any difference? Minerva Urol Nefrol 61 2009 137 142
150. J. Pendleton, J. Costa, P. Wludyka, D.M. Carvin, and C.J. Rosser Combination of oral tramadol, acetaminophen and 1% lidocaine induced periprostatic nerve block for pain control during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial J Urol 176 2006 1372 1375
151. Ganeswaran D, Sweeney C, Yousif F, Lang S, Goodman C, Nabi G. Population-based linkage of health records to detect urological complications and hospitalisation following transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies in men suspected of prostate cancer. World J Urol. 2012; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/
152. H. Li, W. Yan, Y. Zhou, Z. Ji, and J. Chen Transperineal ultrasound-guided saturation biopsies using 11-region template of prostate: report of 303 cases Urology 70 2007 1157 1161
153. I.N. Chiang, S.J. Chang, Y.S. Pu, K.H. Huang, H.J. Yu, and C.Y. Huang Major complications and associated risk factors of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy: a retrospective study of 1875 cases in Taiwan J Formos Med Assoc 106 2007 929 934
154. C. Obek, B. Ozkan, B. Tunc, G. Can, V. Yalcin, and V. Solok Comparison of 3 different methods of anesthesia before transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial J Urol 172 2004 502 505
155. M.J. O'Connell, C.S. Smith, and P.E. Fitzpatrick Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate gland: value of 12 versus 6 cores Abdom Imaging 29 2004 132 136
156. S.G. Roberts, J.M. Garcia Mediero, J.W. Segura, J.A. Rivas, and J. Garcia Alonso Incidental pelvic mass identified during ultrasound-guided transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate Arch Esp Urol 55 2002 466 468
157. A.P. Glaser, K. Novakovic, and B.T. Helfand The impact of prostate biopsy on urinary symptoms, erectile function, and anxiety Curr Urol Rep 13 2012 447 454
158. N.M. Utrera, M.B. Alvarez, J.M. Polo, A.T. Sanchez, J.P. Martinez, and R.D. Gonzalez Infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy. Analysis of our experience Arch Esp Urol 64 2011 605 610
159. K. Fujita, P. Landis, B.K. McNeil, and C.P. Pavlovich Serial prostate biopsies are associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance J Urol 182 2009 2664 2669
160. M. Bozlu, E. Ulusoy, and E. Doruk Voiding impairment after prostate biopsy: does tamsulosin treatment before biopsy decrease this morbidity? Urology 62 2003 1050 1053
161. B.T. Helfand, A.P. Glaser, and K. Rimar Prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction after prostate biopsy BJU Int 111 2013 38 43
162. T. Klein, R.J. Palisaar, A. Holz, M. Brock, J. Noldus, and A. Hinkel The impact of prostate biopsy and periprostatic nerve block on erectile and voiding function: a prospective study J Urol 184 2010 1447 1452
163. A. Tuncel, U. Kirilmaz, V. Nalcacioglu, Y. Aslan, F. Polat, and A. Atan The impact of transrectal prostate needle biopsy on sexuality in men and their female partners Urology 71 2008 1128 1131
164. K. Braun, Y. Ahallal, and T.P. Ghoneim Effect of repeated prostate biopsies on erectile function in men under active surveillance for prostate cancer J Urol 187 Suppl 2012 E563
165. J.F. Hilton, S.D. Blaschko, J.M. Whitson, J.E. Cowan, and P.R. Carroll The impact of serial prostate biopsies on sexual function in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer J Urol 188 2012 1252 1258
166. C. Akbal, P. Turker, H.H. Tavukcu, F. Simsek, and L. Turkeri Erectile function in prostate cancer-free patients who underwent prostate saturation biopsy Eur Urol 53 2008 540 546
167. M. Chrisofos, A.G. Papatsoris, A. Dellis, I.M. Varkarakis, A. Skolarikos, and C. Deliveliotis Can prostate biopsies affect erectile function? Andrologia 38 2006 79 83
168. R. Boscolo-Berto, G. Viel, M. Iafrate, D.I. Raduazzo, G. Cecchetto, and F. Zattoni Determinism and liabilities in a complicated transrectal prostate biopsy: what is what Urologia 78 2011 176 179
169. D.A. Katz, D.F. Jarrard, C.A. McHorney, S.L. Hillis, D.A. Wiebe, and D.G. Fryback Health perceptions in patients who undergo screening and workup for prostate cancer Urology 69 2007 215 220
170. W. Dale, P. Bilir, M. Han, and D. Meltzer The role of anxiety in prostate carcinoma: a structured review of the literature Cancer 104 2005 467 478
171. H.U. Ahmed, Y. Hu, and T. Carter Characterizing clinically significant prostate cancer using template prostate mapping biopsy J Urol 186 2011 458 464
172. T.J. Wilt, and H.U. Ahmed Prostate cancer screening and the management of clinically localized disease BMJ 346 2013 f325
173. R.P. Pal, M. Elmussareh, M. Chanawani, and M.A. Khan The role of a standardized 36 core template-assisted transperineal prostate biopsy technique in patients with previously negative transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies BJU Int 109 2012 367 371
174. A. Galfano, G. Novara, M. Salvetti, A. Agostini, V. Ficarra, and W. Artibani Impact of transperineal prostate biopsy on erectile function: a prospective study using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Eur Urol Suppl 8 2009 218
175. T. Satoh, K. Matsumoto, and T. Fujita Cancer core distribution in patients diagnosed by extended transperineal prostate biopsy Urology 66 2005 114 118
176. W.E. Barzell, and M.R. Melamed Appropriate patient selection in the focal treatment of prostate cancer: the role of transperineal 3-dimensional pathologic mapping of the prostate - a 4-year experience Urology 70 Suppl 6 2007 27 35
177. W.E. Barzell, M.R. Melamed, P. Cathcart, C.M. Moore, H.U. Ahmed, and M. Emberton Identifying candidates for active surveillance: an evaluation of the repeat biopsy strategy for men with favorable risk prostate cancer J Urol 188 2012 762 767
178. B. Gershman, A.L. Zietman, A.S. Feldman, and W.S. McDougal Transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy for patients with persistently elevated PSA and multiple prior negative biopsies Urol Oncol 31 2013 1093 1097
179. J. Miller, C. Perumalla, and G. Heap Complications of transrectal versus transperineal prostate biopsy ANZ J Surg 75 2005 48 50
180. T. Hasegawa, T. Shimomura, and H. Yamada Fatal septic shock caused by transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate; a case report [in Japanese] Kansenshogaku Zasshi 76 2002 893 897
181. A. Kumagai, D. Ogawa, T. Koyama, I. Takeuchi, and I. Oyama A case report of Fournier's gangrene in a diabetic patient induced by transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) [in Japanese] Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 93 2002 648 651
182. A. Gallina, N. Suardi, and F. Montorsi Mortality at 120 days after prostatic biopsy: a population-based study of 22,175 men Int J Cancer 123 2008 647 652
183. S.V. Carlsson, E. Holmberg, and S.M. Moss No excess mortality after prostate biopsy: results from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer BJU Int 107 2011 1912 1917
184. M. Suzuki, S. Kawakami, and T. Asano Safety of transperineal 14-core systematic prostate biopsy in diabetic men Int J Urol 16 2009 930 935
185. U. Patel, P. Dasgupta, P. Amoroso, B. Challacombe, J. Pilcher, and R. Kirby Infection after transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy: increased relative risks after recent international travel or antibiotic use BJU Int 109 2012 1781 1785
186. R.O. Roberts, E.J. Bergstralh, J.A. Besse, M.M. Lieber, and S.J. Jacobsen Trends and risk factors for prostate biopsy complications in the pre-PSA and PSA eras, 1980 to 1997 Urology 59 2002 79 84
187. B. Akduman, D. Akduman, and H. Tokgoz Long-term fluoroquinolone use before the prostate biopsy may increase the risk of sepsis caused by resistant microorganisms Urology 78 2011 250 255
188. W.H. Carlson, D.G. Bell, J.G. Lawen, and R.A. Rendon Multi-drug resistant E. coli urosepsis in physicians following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies - three cases including one death Can J Urol 17 2010 5135 5137
189. C. Kamdar, U.M. Mooppan, F.A. Gulmi, and H. Kim Multi-drug-resistant bacteremia after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies in hospital employees and their relatives Urology 72 2008 34 36
190. M. Organ, J. Grantmyre, and J. Hutchinson Burkholderia cepacia infection of the prostate caused by inoculation of contaminated ultrasound gel during transrectal biopsy of the prostate Can Urol Assoc J 4 2010 E58 E60
191. J. Hutchinson, W. Runge, and M. Mulvey Burkholderia cepacia infection associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel: the role of microbial degradation of parabens Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25 2004 291 296
192. K.G. Stravodimos, K.N. Haritopoulos, C. Alamanis, I. Anastasiou, and C. Constantinides Local anesthesia during transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy: does it have any effect on sexual function? Int Urol Nephrol 39 2007 893 896
193. T. Aktoz, M. Kaplan, U. Turan, D. Memis, I.H. Atakan, and O. Inci "Multimodal" approach to management of prostate biopsy pain and effects on sexual function: efficacy of levobupivacaine adjuvant to diclofenac sodium - a prospective randomized trial Andrologia 42 2010 35 40
194. I. Akyol, and C. Adayener Transient impotence after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy J Clin Ultrasound 36 2008 33 34
195. A.T. Turgut, E. Olcucuoglu, P. Kosar, P.O. Geyik, and U. Kosar Complications and limitations related to periprostatic local anesthesia before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy J Clin Ultrasound 36 2008 67 71
196. D.M. Pinkstaff, T.C. Igel, S.P. Petrou, G.A. Broderick, M.J. Wehle, and P.R. Young Systematic transperineal ultrasound-guided template biopsy of the prostate: three-year experience Urology 65 2005 735 739
197. T. Demura, T. Hioka, and T. Furuno Differences in tumor core distribution between palpable and nonpalpable prostate tumors in patients diagnosed using extensive transperineal ultrasound-guided template prostate biopsy Cancer 103 2005 1826 1832
198. S.R. Bott, A. Henderson, J.E. Halls, B.S. Montgomery, R. Laing, and S.E. Langley Extensive transperineal template biopsies of prostate: modified technique and results Urology 68 2006 1037 1041
199. Moran BJ, Braccioforte MH, Conterato DJ. Re-biopsy of the prostate using a stereotactic transperineal technique. J Urol 2006;176:1376-81; discussion 1381.
200. G.S. Merrick, S. Gutman, and H. Andreini Prostate cancer distribution in patients diagnosed by transperineal template-guided saturation biopsy Eur Urol 52 2007 715 724
201. G.S. Merrick, W. Taubenslag, and H. Andreini The morbidity of transperineal template-guided prostate mapping biopsy BJU Int 101 2008 1524 1529
202. A.V. Taira, G.S. Merrick, and R.W. Galbreath Performance of transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy in detecting prostate cancer in the initial and repeat biopsy setting Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 13 2010 71 77
203. W. Yan, H. Li, and Y. Zhou Prostate carcinoma spatial distribution patterns in Chinese men investigated with systematic transperineal ultrasound guided 11-region biopsy Urologic Oncol 27 2009 520 524
204. B.E. Ayres, B.S. Montgomery, and N.J. Barber The role of transperineal template prostate biopsies in restaging men with prostate cancer managed by active surveillance BJU Int 109 2012 1170 1176
205. V. Patel, G.S. Merrick, and Z.A. Allen The incidence of transition zone prostate cancer diagnosed by transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy: implications for treatment planning Urology 77 2011 1148 1152
206. A.B. Barqawi, K.O. Rove, S. Gholizadeh, C.I. O'Donnell, H. Koul, and E.D. Crawford The role of 3-dimensional mapping biopsy in decision making for treatment of apparent early stage prostate cancer J Urol 186 2011 80 85
207. A.V. Taira, G.S. Merrick, and A. Bennett Transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy as a staging procedure to select patients best suited for active surveillance Am J Clin Oncol 36 2013 116 120
208. T. Hossack, M.I. Patel, and A. Huo Location and pathological characteristics of cancers in radical prostatectomy specimens identified by transperineal biopsy compared to transrectal biopsy J Urol 188 2012 781 785
209. A.S. Huo, T. Hossack, and J.L. Symons Accuracy of primary systematic template guided transperineal biopsy of the prostate for locating prostate cancer: a comparison with radical prostatectomy specimens J Urol 187 2012 2044 2049
210. N.J. Mabjeesh, G. Lidawi, J. Chen, L. German, and H. Matzkin High detection rate of significant prostate tumours in anterior zones using transperineal ultrasound-guided template saturation biopsy BJU Int 110 2012 993 997
211. V. Kasivisvanathan, R. Dufour, and C.M. Moore Transperineal magnetic resonance image targeted prostate biopsy versus transperineal template prostate biopsy in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer J Urol 189 2013 860 866
212. E.D. Crawford, K.O. Rove, and A.B. Barqawi Clinical-pathologic correlation between transperineal mapping biopsies of the prostate and three-dimensional reconstruction of prostatectomy specimens Prostate 73 2013 778 787
213. N. Arumainayagam, H.U. Ahmed, and C.M. Moore Multiparametric MR imaging for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: a validation cohort study with transperineal template prostate mapping as the reference standard Radiology. 268 2013 761 769