메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 137, Issue , 2014, Pages 35-48

Lightning and convective rain study in different parts of India

Author keywords

Aerosol optical depth; CAPE; Convective rainfall; Cosmic rays; Lightning; Urbanization

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL CONCENTRATION; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTHS; CAPE; METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS; NEGATIVE CORRELATION; POSITIVE CORRELATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; URBANIZATION;

EID: 84886259064     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.09.018     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (122)
  • 2
    • 64149110755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAPE and convective events in the southwest during the North American monsoon
    • Adams D.K., Souza E.P. CAPE and convective events in the southwest during the North American monsoon. Mon. Weather Rev. 2009, 137:83-98. 10.1175/2008MWR2502.1.
    • (2009) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 83-98
    • Adams, D.K.1    Souza, E.P.2
  • 3
    • 0024812929 scopus 로고
    • Aerosols, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness
    • Albrecht B. Aerosols, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness. Science 1989, 245:1227-1230.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Albrecht, B.1
  • 4
    • 28844500466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the electrification of winter thunderclouds using the three-dimensional Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model: single cloud simulations
    • Altaratz O., Reisin T., Levin Z. Simulation of the electrification of winter thunderclouds using the three-dimensional Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) model: single cloud simulations. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:D20205. 10.1029/2004jd005616.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Altaratz, O.1    Reisin, T.2    Levin, Z.3
  • 5
    • 0002897379 scopus 로고
    • Schwankungen der Gewitterhaufigkeit in Suddeutschland
    • Aniol R. Schwankungen der Gewitterhaufigkeit in Suddeutschland. Meteorol. Rundsch. 1952, 3(4):55-56.
    • (1952) Meteorol. Rundsch. , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 55-56
    • Aniol, R.1
  • 6
    • 41649092520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midweek increase in U.S. summer rain and storm heights suggests air pollution invigorates rainstorms
    • Bell T.L., Rosenfeld D., Kim K.M., Yoo J.M., Lee M.I., Hahnenberger M. Midweek increase in U.S. summer rain and storm heights suggests air pollution invigorates rainstorms. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D02209. 10.1029/2007JD008623.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Bell, T.L.1    Rosenfeld, D.2    Kim, K.M.3    Yoo, J.M.4    Lee, M.I.5    Hahnenberger, M.6
  • 7
    • 0036752015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance assessment of the optical transient detector and lightning imaging sensor, part I: predicted diurnal variability
    • Boccippio D.J., Koshak W.K., Blakeslee R.J. Performance assessment of the optical transient detector and lightning imaging sensor, part I: predicted diurnal variability. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 2002, 19:1318-1332.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. , vol.19 , pp. 1318-1332
    • Boccippio, D.J.1    Koshak, W.K.2    Blakeslee, R.J.3
  • 8
    • 84977282014 scopus 로고
    • The variation of the annual frequency of thunderstorms in relation to sunspots
    • Brooks C.E.P. The variation of the annual frequency of thunderstorms in relation to sunspots. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1934, 60:153-166.
    • (1934) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.60 , pp. 153-166
    • Brooks, C.E.P.1
  • 9
    • 15744367117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of urbanization on the diurnal rainfall pattern in Houston
    • Burian S.J., Shepherd J.M. Effect of urbanization on the diurnal rainfall pattern in Houston. Hydrol. Process. 2005, 19:1089-1103. 10.1002/hyp.5647.
    • (2005) Hydrol. Process. , vol.19 , pp. 1089-1103
    • Burian, S.J.1    Shepherd, J.M.2
  • 10
    • 34247265403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling study of aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics and radiative properties
    • Cheng C.T., Wang W.C., Chen J.P. A modeling study of aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics and radiative properties. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2007, 133:283-297. 10.1002/qj.25.
    • (2007) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 283-297
    • Cheng, C.T.1    Wang, W.C.2    Chen, J.P.3
  • 13
    • 58049206761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Earth's magnetospheric magnetic field models in the context of cosmic ray physics
    • Desorgher L., Kudela K., Fluckiger E., Butikofer R., Storini M., Kialegee V. Comparison of Earth's magnetospheric magnetic field models in the context of cosmic ray physics. Acta Geophys. 2009, 57:75-87.
    • (2009) Acta Geophys. , vol.57 , pp. 75-87
    • Desorgher, L.1    Kudela, K.2    Fluckiger, E.3    Butikofer, R.4    Storini, M.5    Kialegee, V.6
  • 14
    • 76749101127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment
    • Duplissy J., et al. Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:1635-1647.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 1635-1647
    • Duplissy, J.1
  • 15
    • 34548772431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aerosols and relative humidity on cumulus clouds
    • Fan J., Zhang R., Li G., Tao W.K. Effects of aerosols and relative humidity on cumulus clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D14204. 10.1029/2006JD008136.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Fan, J.1    Zhang, R.2    Li, G.3    Tao, W.K.4
  • 16
    • 72049112292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds
    • Fan J., et al. Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:D22206. 10.1029/2009JD012352.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Fan, J.1
  • 17
    • 58149352764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anomalous lightning activity over the Metropolitan region of São Paulo due to urban effects
    • Farias W.R.G., Pinto O., Naccarato K.P., Pinto I.R.C.A. Anomalous lightning activity over the Metropolitan region of São Paulo due to urban effects. Atmos. Res. 2009, 91:485-490.
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 485-490
    • Farias, W.R.G.1    Pinto, O.2    Naccarato, K.P.3    Pinto, I.R.C.A.4
  • 18
    • 0033573401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of giant cloud condensation nuclei on drizzle formation in stratocumulus: implication for cloud radiative properties
    • Feingold G., Cotton W.R., Kreidenweis S.M., Davis J.T. The impact of giant cloud condensation nuclei on drizzle formation in stratocumulus: implication for cloud radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci. 1999, 56:4100-4117.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 4100-4117
    • Feingold, G.1    Cotton, W.R.2    Kreidenweis, S.M.3    Davis, J.T.4
  • 20
    • 56349130637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomagnetic and sunspot activity associations and ionospheric effects of lightning phenomena at Trivandrum near dipequator
    • Girish T.E., Eapen P.E. Geomagnetic and sunspot activity associations and ionospheric effects of lightning phenomena at Trivandrum near dipequator. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2008, 70(17):2222-2226.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. , vol.70 , Issue.17 , pp. 2222-2226
    • Girish, T.E.1    Eapen, P.E.2
  • 21
    • 34250175013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms
    • Gungle B., Krider E.P. Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:D19203. 10.1029/2005JD006802.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Gungle, B.1    Krider, E.P.2
  • 22
    • 0031411233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing and climate response
    • Hansen J., Sato M., Ruedy R. Radiative forcing and climate response. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:6831-6864.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 6831-6864
    • Hansen, J.1    Sato, M.2    Ruedy, R.3
  • 23
    • 23344439541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global atmospheric electric circuit and climate
    • Harrison R.G. The global atmospheric electric circuit and climate. Surv. Geophys. 2004, 25:441-484.
    • (2004) Surv. Geophys. , vol.25 , pp. 441-484
    • Harrison, R.G.1
  • 24
    • 2142794122 scopus 로고
    • Climatological assessment of urban effects on precipitation at St. Louis
    • Huff F.A., Changnon S.A. Climatological assessment of urban effects on precipitation at St. Louis. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1972, 11:823-842.
    • (1972) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.11 , pp. 823-842
    • Huff, F.A.1    Changnon, S.A.2
  • 25
    • 37649011032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York
    • IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The Physical Science Basis 2007, 131-216. Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (2007) The Physical Science Basis , pp. 131-216
  • 26
    • 0020918965 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory studies of the charging of soft-hail during ice crystal interactions
    • Jayaratne E.R., Saunders C.P.R., Hallett J. Laboratory studies of the charging of soft-hail during ice crystal interactions. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1983, 109:609-630.
    • (1983) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.109 , pp. 609-630
    • Jayaratne, E.R.1    Saunders, C.P.R.2    Hallett, J.3
  • 27
    • 0020332032 scopus 로고
    • The role of giant and ultra-giant aerosol particles in warm rain initiation
    • Johnson D.B. The role of giant and ultra-giant aerosol particles in warm rain initiation. J. Atmos. Sci. 1982, 39:448-460.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 448-460
    • Johnson, D.B.1
  • 29
    • 58549093534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol effects on the enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over major urban areas of South Korea
    • Kar S.K., Liou Y.A., Ha K.J. Aerosol effects on the enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning over major urban areas of South Korea. Atmos. Res. 2009, 92:80-87.
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 80-87
    • Kar, S.K.1    Liou, Y.A.2    Ha, K.J.3
  • 30
    • 67650254201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on state-of-the-art investigations of aerosol effects on precipitation: a critical review
    • Khain A.P. Notes on state-of-the-art investigations of aerosol effects on precipitation: a critical review. Environ. Res. Lett. 2009, 4:015004. 10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/015004.
    • (2009) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 015004
    • Khain, A.P.1
  • 31
    • 41549106703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic rays and climate
    • Kirkby J. Cosmic rays and climate. Surv. Geophys. 2007, 28:333-375. 10.1007/s10712-008-9030-6.
    • (2007) Surv. Geophys. , vol.28 , pp. 333-375
    • Kirkby, J.1
  • 33
    • 49649092389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke invigoration versus inhibition of clouds over the Amazon
    • Koren I., Martins J.V., Remer L.A., Afargan H. Smoke invigoration versus inhibition of clouds over the Amazon. Science 2008, 321:946-949. 10.1126/science.1159185.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 946-949
    • Koren, I.1    Martins, J.V.2    Remer, L.A.3    Afargan, H.4
  • 34
    • 0007453081 scopus 로고
    • Thunderstorm over Gangetic West Bengal in the premonsson season and the synoptic factors favourable for their formation
    • Koteshwaram P., Srinivasan V. Thunderstorm over Gangetic West Bengal in the premonsson season and the synoptic factors favourable for their formation. Indian J. Meteorol. Geophys. 1958, 9:301.
    • (1958) Indian J. Meteorol. Geophys. , vol.9 , pp. 301
    • Koteshwaram, P.1    Srinivasan, V.2
  • 35
    • 0001517929 scopus 로고
    • Man-made climate changes
    • Landsberg H.E. Man-made climate changes. Science 1970, 170:1265-1274.
    • (1970) Science , vol.170 , pp. 1265-1274
    • Landsberg, H.E.1
  • 36
    • 56249120292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear and stability
    • Lee S.S., Donner L.J., Phillips V.T.J., Ming Y. The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear and stability. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D16202. 10.1029/2007JD009224.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Lee, S.S.1    Donner, L.J.2    Phillips, V.T.J.3    Ming, Y.4
  • 37
    • 77954894867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thunderstorm and stratocumulus: how does their contrasting morphology affect their interactions with aerosols?
    • Lee S.S., Donner L.J., Penner J.E. Thunderstorm and stratocumulus: how does their contrasting morphology affect their interactions with aerosols?. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:6819-6837. 10.5194/acp-10-6819-2010.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 6819-6837
    • Lee, S.S.1    Donner, L.J.2    Penner, J.E.3
  • 39
    • 82455198944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation
    • Li Z., Niu F., Fan J., Liu Y., Rosenfeld D., Ding Y. The long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation. Nat. Geosci. 2011, 4:888-894. 10.1038/ngeo1313.
    • (2011) Nat. Geosci. , vol.4 , pp. 888-894
    • Li, Z.1    Niu, F.2    Fan, J.3    Liu, Y.4    Rosenfeld, D.5    Ding, Y.6
  • 40
    • 79951928359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East Asian studies of tropospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate (EAST-AIRC): an overview
    • Li Z., et al. East Asian studies of tropospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate (EAST-AIRC): an overview. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:D00K34. 10.1029/2010JD015257.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Li, Z.1
  • 41
    • 73949090967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation and their seasonal and geographical characteristics over Taiwan
    • Liou Y.-A., Kar S.K. Study of cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation and their seasonal and geographical characteristics over Taiwan. Atmos. Res. 2010, 95:115-122. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.016.
    • (2010) Atmos. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 115-122
    • Liou, Y.-A.1    Kar, S.K.2
  • 42
    • 33847402670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of deep convection: why do radar and IR images give different perspective?
    • Liu C., Zipser E., Nesbitt S.W. Global distribution of deep convection: why do radar and IR images give different perspective?. J. Clim. 2007, 20:489-503.
    • (2007) J. Clim. , vol.20 , pp. 489-503
    • Liu, C.1    Zipser, E.2    Nesbitt, S.W.3
  • 43
    • 81255211589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cloud condensation nuclei properties at a polluted site in southeastern China during the AMF-China Campaign
    • Liu J., Zheng Y., Li Z., Cribb M. Analysis of cloud condensation nuclei properties at a polluted site in southeastern China during the AMF-China Campaign. J. Geophys. Res 2011, 10.1029/2011JD016395.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res
    • Liu, J.1    Zheng, Y.2    Li, Z.3    Cribb, M.4
  • 45
    • 76849089335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of total currents based on storm location, polarity, and flash rates derived from high-altitude aircraft overflights
    • Mach D.M., Blakeslee R.J., Bateman M.G., Bailey J.C. Comparisons of total currents based on storm location, polarity, and flash rates derived from high-altitude aircraft overflights. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:D03201. 10.1029/2009JD012240.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Mach, D.M.1    Blakeslee, R.J.2    Bateman, M.G.3    Bailey, J.C.4
  • 46
    • 79952468546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global electric circuit implications of combined aircraft storm electric current measurements and satellite-based diurnal lightning statistics
    • Mach D.M., Blakeslee R.J., Bateman M.G. Global electric circuit implications of combined aircraft storm electric current measurements and satellite-based diurnal lightning statistics. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:D05201. 10.1029/2010JD014462.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Mach, D.M.1    Blakeslee, R.J.2    Bateman, M.G.3
  • 47
    • 77953245213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated electrification of a small thunderstorm with two-moment bulk microphysics
    • Mansell E.R., Ziegler C.L., Bruning E.C. Simulated electrification of a small thunderstorm with two-moment bulk microphysics. J. Atmos. Sci. 2010, 67:171-194. 10.1175/2009jas2965.1.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 171-194
    • Mansell, E.R.1    Ziegler, C.L.2    Bruning, E.C.3
  • 48
    • 10244225256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations of increases in Asian aerosol in winter from 1979 to 2000
    • Massie S.T., Torres O., Smith S.J. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations of increases in Asian aerosol in winter from 1979 to 2000. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D18211. 10.1029/2004JD004620.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Massie, S.T.1    Torres, O.2    Smith, S.J.3
  • 49
    • 0032999684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between stability and monsoon convection
    • McBride J.L., Frank W.M. Relationships between stability and monsoon convection. J. Atmos. Sci. 1999, 56:24-36.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 24-36
    • McBride, J.L.1    Frank, W.M.2
  • 50
    • 84863627561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends of convective available potential energy over the Indian region and its effect on rainfall
    • Murugavel P., Pawar S.D., Gopalakrishnan V. Trends of convective available potential energy over the Indian region and its effect on rainfall. Int. J. Climatol. 2012, 32:1362-1372. 10.1002/joc.2359.
    • (2012) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.32 , pp. 1362-1372
    • Murugavel, P.1    Pawar, S.D.2    Gopalakrishnan, V.3
  • 51
    • 0141737846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of thermal and aerosol effects on the cloud-to-ground lightning density and polarity over large urban areas of Southeastern Brazil
    • Naccarato K.P., Pinto O., Pinto I.R.C.A. Evidence of thermal and aerosol effects on the cloud-to-ground lightning density and polarity over large urban areas of Southeastern Brazil. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30:1674. 10.1029/2003GL017496.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , pp. 1674
    • Naccarato, K.P.1    Pinto, O.2    Pinto, I.R.C.A.3
  • 52
    • 0000285857 scopus 로고
    • Cosmic rays particles that charged from 1854 to 1958 to 1965
    • Nehar H.V. Cosmic rays particles that charged from 1854 to 1958 to 1965. J. Geophys. Res. 1967, 72:1527-1539.
    • (1967) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 1527-1539
    • Nehar, H.V.1
  • 53
    • 84864517067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud invigoration and suppression by aerosols over the tropical region based on satellite observations
    • Niu F., Li Z. Cloud invigoration and suppression by aerosols over the tropical region based on satellite observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2011, 11:5003-5017. 10.5194/acpd-11-5003-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.11 , pp. 5003-5017
    • Niu, F.1    Li, Z.2
  • 55
    • 84858419498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 over a tropical station during premonsoon and monsoon seasons
    • 3 over a tropical station during premonsoon and monsoon seasons. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:D05310. 10.1029/2011JD016930.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Pawar, V.1    Pawar, S.D.2    Beig, G.3    Sahu, S.K.4
  • 57
    • 84871550950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal variability of lightning activity in the Himalayan foothills
    • Penki R.K., Kamra A.K. Spatiotemporal variability of lightning activity in the Himalayan foothills. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:D24201. 10.1029/2012JD018246.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Penki, R.K.1    Kamra, A.K.2
  • 58
    • 84862733408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-sea contrast in lightning activity over the sea and peninsular regions of South/Southeast Asia
    • Penki R.K., Kamra A.K. Land-sea contrast in lightning activity over the sea and peninsular regions of South/Southeast Asia. Atmos. Res. 2012, 118:52-67.
    • (2012) Atmos. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 52-67
    • Penki, R.K.1    Kamra, A.K.2
  • 59
    • 84880886173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lightning activity associated with the dry and moist convections in the Himalayan Regions
    • Penki R.K., Kamra A.K. The lightning activity associated with the dry and moist convections in the Himalayan Regions. J. Geophys. Res. 2013, 118:6246-6258. 10.1002/jgrd.50499.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 6246-6258
    • Penki, R.K.1    Kamra, A.K.2
  • 60
    • 0024831027 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric static stability and central North American growing season rainfall
    • Peppler R.A., Lamb P.J. Tropospheric static stability and central North American growing season rainfall. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1989, 117:1156-1180.
    • (1989) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.117 , pp. 1156-1180
    • Peppler, R.A.1    Lamb, P.J.2
  • 61
    • 0032572243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and convective rainfall
    • Petersen W.A., Rutledge S.A. On the relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and convective rainfall. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:14025-14040.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 14025-14040
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Rutledge, S.A.2
  • 63
    • 1342310007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban effect on the characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning over Belo Horizonte
    • Pinto I.R.C.A., Pinto O., Gomes M.A.S.S., Ferreira N.J. Urban effect on the characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning over Belo Horizonte. Ann. Geophys. 2004, 22:697-700.
    • (2004) Ann. Geophys. , vol.22 , pp. 697-700
    • Pinto, I.R.C.A.1    Pinto, O.2    Gomes, M.A.S.S.3    Ferreira, N.J.4
  • 64
    • 84876343248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between thunderstorm and solar activity for Brazil from 1951 to 2009
    • Pinto Neto O., Pinto I.R.C.A., Pinto O. The relationship between thunderstorm and solar activity for Brazil from 1951 to 2009. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2013, 98:12-21. 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.010.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. , vol.98 , pp. 12-21
    • Pinto, N.O.1    Pinto, I.R.C.A.2    Pinto, O.3
  • 65
    • 80053940612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global thunderstorm activity
    • Springer, M. Fullekrug (Ed.) Sprites, Elves and Intense Lightning Discharges
    • Price C. Global thunderstorm activity. NATO Sciences Series 2006, 85-99. Springer. M. Fullekrug (Ed.).
    • (2006) NATO Sciences Series , pp. 85-99
    • Price, C.1
  • 66
    • 58149277345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will a drier climate result in more lightning?
    • Price C. Will a drier climate result in more lightning?. Atmos. Res. 2009, 91:479-484.
    • (2009) Atmos. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 479-484
    • Price, C.1
  • 67
    • 33645552412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can lightning observation be used as an indicator of upper tropospheric water vapour variability?
    • Price C., Asfur M. Can lightning observation be used as an indicator of upper tropospheric water vapour variability?. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2006, 291-298.
    • (2006) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , pp. 291-298
    • Price, C.1    Asfur, M.2
  • 68
    • 33646854234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning-rainfall relationships in Mediterranean winter thunderstorms
    • Price C., Federmesser B. Lightning-rainfall relationships in Mediterranean winter thunderstorms. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L07813. 10.1029/2005GL024794.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Price, C.1    Federmesser, B.2
  • 70
    • 1342312427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning activities on the Tibetan Plateau as observed by the lightning imaging sensor
    • Qie X., Toumi R., Yuan T. Lightning activities on the Tibetan Plateau as observed by the lightning imaging sensor. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D17):4551. 10.1029/2002JD003304.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D17 , pp. 4551
    • Qie, X.1    Toumi, R.2    Yuan, T.3
  • 71
    • 0032793518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning activity as an indicator of climate change
    • Reeve N., Toumi R. Lightning activity as an indicator of climate change. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1999, 125:893-903.
    • (1999) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 893-903
    • Reeve, N.1    Toumi, R.2
  • 72
    • 0033569054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall
    • Rosenfeld D. TRMM observed first direct evidence of smoke from forest fires inhibiting rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26(20):3105-3108.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , Issue.20 , pp. 3105-3108
    • Rosenfeld, D.1
  • 73
    • 0032458748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Satellite-based insights into precipitation formation processes in continental and maritime convective clouds
    • Rosenfeld D., Lensky I.M. Satellite-based insights into precipitation formation processes in continental and maritime convective clouds. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1998, 79:2457-2476.
    • (1998) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 2457-2476
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Lensky, I.M.2
  • 74
    • 0034713365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective clouds with sustained highly super cooled liquid water down to -37°C
    • Rosenfeld D., Woodley W.L. Convective clouds with sustained highly super cooled liquid water down to -37°C. Nature 2000, 405:440-442.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 440-442
    • Rosenfeld, D.1    Woodley, W.L.2
  • 75
    • 51349103418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flood or drought: how do aerosols affect precipitation?
    • Rosenfeld D., et al. Flood or drought: how do aerosols affect precipitation?. Science 2008, 321:1309-1313. 10.1126/science.1160606.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 1309-1313
    • Rosenfeld, D.1
  • 76
    • 33751099048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence on a link between the intensity of Schumann resonance and global surface temperature
    • Sekiguchi M., Hayakawa M., Nickolaenko A.P., Hobara Y. Evidence on a link between the intensity of Schumann resonance and global surface temperature. Ann. Geophys. 2006, 24:1809-1817.
    • (2006) Ann. Geophys. , vol.24 , pp. 1809-1817
    • Sekiguchi, M.1    Hayakawa, M.2    Nickolaenko, A.P.3    Hobara, Y.4
  • 78
    • 76949085599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of cosmic rays on the Earth's atmospheric processes
    • Siingh D., Singh R.P. The role of cosmic rays on the Earth's atmospheric processes. Pramana J. Phys. 2010, 74:153-168.
    • (2010) Pramana J. Phys. , vol.74 , pp. 153-168
    • Siingh, D.1    Singh, R.P.2
  • 80
    • 60549089179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thunderstorm, lightning, sprites and magnetospheric whistler mode radio wave
    • Siingh D., Singh A.K., Patel R.P., Singh R.P., Venadhari B., Mukherjee M. Thunderstorm, lightning, sprites and magnetospheric whistler mode radio wave. Surv. Geophys. 2008, 29(6):499-551. 10.1007/s10712-008-9053-z.
    • (2008) Surv. Geophys. , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 499-551
    • Siingh, D.1    Singh, A.K.2    Patel, R.P.3    Singh, R.P.4    Venadhari, B.5    Mukherjee, M.6
  • 82
    • 84876302034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning, convective rain and solar activity over the South/Southeast Asia
    • Siingh D., Kumar P.R., Kulkarni M.N., Singh R.P., Singh A.K. Lightning, convective rain and solar activity over the South/Southeast Asia. Atmos. Res. 2013, 120-121:99-111.
    • (2013) Atmos. Res. , pp. 99-111
    • Siingh, D.1    Kumar, P.R.2    Kulkarni, M.N.3    Singh, R.P.4    Singh, A.K.5
  • 85
    • 0000050289 scopus 로고
    • TRMM-a satellite mission to measure tropical rainfall. Report of the Science Steering Group, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
    • Simpson J., Adler R.F., North G.R. TRMM-a satellite mission to measure tropical rainfall. Report of the Science Steering Group, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1988, 69:278-295.
    • (1988) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.69 , pp. 278-295
    • Simpson, J.1    Adler, R.F.2    North, G.R.3
  • 86
    • 19644400534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical environment of the Earth's atmosphere: a review
    • Singh D.K., Singh R.P., Kamra A.K. Electrical environment of the Earth's atmosphere: a review. Space Sci. Rev. 2004, 113:375-408.
    • (2004) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.113 , pp. 375-408
    • Singh, D.K.1    Singh, R.P.2    Kamra, A.K.3
  • 87
    • 27844496108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities for earth orbiting spacecraft
    • Smart D.F., Shea M.A. A review of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities for earth orbiting spacecraft. Adv. Space Res. 2005, 36:2012-2020.
    • (2005) Adv. Space Res. , vol.36 , pp. 2012-2020
    • Smart, D.F.1    Shea, M.A.2
  • 90
    • 58549103409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban lightning: current research, methods, and the geographical perspective
    • Stallins J.A., Rose L.S. Urban lightning: current research, methods, and the geographical perspective. Geogr. Compass 2008, 2:620-639.
    • (2008) Geogr. Compass , vol.2 , pp. 620-639
    • Stallins, J.A.1    Rose, L.S.2
  • 91
    • 17044458412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas: 1989-2000
    • Steiger S.M., Orville R.E., Huffines G. Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas: 1989-2000. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D11):4117. 10.1029/2001JD001142.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D11 , pp. 4117
    • Steiger, S.M.1    Orville, R.E.2    Huffines, G.3
  • 92
    • 49249089502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: cloud-resolving model simulations
    • Tao W.-K., Li X., Khain A., Matsui T., Lang S., Simpson J. Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D24S18. 10.1029/2007JD008728.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Li, X.2    Khain, A.3    Matsui, T.4    Lang, S.5    Simpson, J.6
  • 93
    • 84859813952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation
    • Tao W.-K., Chen J.-P., Li Z., Wang C., Zhang C. Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation. Rev. Geophys. 2012, 50:RG2001. 10.1029/2011RG000369.
    • (2012) Rev. Geophys. , vol.50
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Chen, J.-P.2    Li, Z.3    Wang, C.4    Zhang, C.5
  • 94
    • 84874582094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space time variation of lightning activity over northeast India
    • Tinmaker M.I.R., Ali K. Space time variation of lightning activity over northeast India. Meteorol. Z. 2012, 21:135-143. 10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0227.
    • (2012) Meteorol. Z. , vol.21 , pp. 135-143
    • Tinmaker, M.I.R.1    Ali, K.2
  • 95
    • 77955574729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lightning activity over the Peninsular India and sea surface temperature
    • Tinmaker M.I.R., Ali K., Beig G. Relationship between lightning activity over the Peninsular India and sea surface temperature. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2010, 49:828-835.
    • (2010) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.49 , pp. 828-835
    • Tinmaker, M.I.R.1    Ali, K.2    Beig, G.3
  • 96
    • 49749100756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiles of ion and aerosol interactions in planetary atmospheres
    • Tripathi S.N., Michael M., Harrison R.G. Profiles of ion and aerosol interactions in planetary atmospheres. Space Sci. Rev. 2008, 137:193-211.
    • (2008) Space Sci. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 193-211
    • Tripathi, S.N.1    Michael, M.2    Harrison, R.G.3
  • 97
    • 84864459317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and the South Asian summer monsoon
    • Turner A.G., Annamalai H. Climate change and the South Asian summer monsoon. Nat. Clim. Change 2012, 2:587-595. 10.1038/NCLIMATE1495.
    • (2012) Nat. Clim. Change , vol.2 , pp. 587-595
    • Turner, A.G.1    Annamalai, H.2
  • 98
    • 0021544245 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo
    • Twomey S.A., Piepgrass M., Wolfe T.L. An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo. Tellus 1984, 36B:356-366.
    • (1984) Tellus , vol.36 B , pp. 356-366
    • Twomey, S.A.1    Piepgrass, M.2    Wolfe, T.L.3
  • 99
    • 34547173682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban aerosol impacts on downwind convective storms
    • van den Heever S.C., Cotton W.R. Urban aerosol impacts on downwind convective storms. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2007, 46:828-850. 10.1175/JAM2492.1.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.46 , pp. 828-850
    • Van Den Heever, S.C.1    Cotton, W.R.2
  • 100
  • 101
    • 79954995826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium
    • van den Heever S.C., Stephens G.L., Wood N.B. Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci. 2011, 68:699-718.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 699-718
    • Van Den Heever, S.C.1    Stephens, G.L.2    Wood, N.B.3
  • 102
    • 79960843032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an emission processing system for the Pearl River Delta Regional air quality modeling using the SMOKE model: methodology and evaluation
    • Wang S.S., Zheng J.Y., et al. Development of an emission processing system for the Pearl River Delta Regional air quality modeling using the SMOKE model: methodology and evaluation. Atmos. Environ. 2011, 45(29):5079-5089.
    • (2011) Atmos. Environ. , vol.45 , Issue.29 , pp. 5079-5089
    • Wang, S.S.1    Zheng, J.Y.2
  • 103
    • 84865676451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thunderstorm electric field on intensity of cosmic ray muons
    • Wang J.-F., Qie X., Lu H., Zhang Ji -L., Yu X., Shi F. Effect of thunderstorm electric field on intensity of cosmic ray muons. Acta Phys. Sin. 2012, 61(15):159202.
    • (2012) Acta Phys. Sin. , vol.61 , Issue.15 , pp. 159202
    • Wang, J.-F.1    Qie, X.2    Lu, H.3    Zhang, J.-L.4    Yu, X.5    Shi, F.6
  • 104
    • 0029479391 scopus 로고
    • Summer time cloud-to-ground lightning activity around major Midwestern urban areas
    • Westcott N.E. Summer time cloud-to-ground lightning activity around major Midwestern urban areas. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1995, 34:1633-1642.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.34 , pp. 1633-1642
    • Westcott, N.E.1
  • 105
    • 0026494815 scopus 로고
    • The Schumann Resonance: a global thermometer
    • Williams E.R. The Schumann Resonance: a global thermometer. Science 1992, 256:1184-1187. 10.1126/science.256.5060.1184.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 1184-1187
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 106
    • 84981195423 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological aspects of thunderstorms
    • CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, H. Volland (Ed.)
    • Williams E.R. Meteorological aspects of thunderstorms. CRC Handbook on Atmospheric Electrodynamics 1995, vol. 1:27-60. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. H. Volland (Ed.).
    • (1995) CRC Handbook on Atmospheric Electrodynamics , vol.1 , pp. 27-60
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 107
    • 23144442012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning and climate: a review
    • Williams E.R. Lightning and climate: a review. Atmos. Res. 2005, 76:272-287. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.014.
    • (2005) Atmos. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 272-287
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 108
    • 0024800659 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds
    • Williams E.R., Weber M.E., Orville R.E. The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds. J. Geophys. Res. 1989, 94:13213-13220.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 13213-13220
    • Williams, E.R.1    Weber, M.E.2    Orville, R.E.3
  • 109
    • 0026308015 scopus 로고
    • Mixed phase microphysics and cloud electrification
    • Williams E., Zhang R., Rydock J. Mixed phase microphysics and cloud electrification. J. Atmos. Sci. 1991, 48:2195-2203.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 2195-2203
    • Williams, E.1    Zhang, R.2    Rydock, J.3
  • 110
    • 0028562994 scopus 로고
    • The microphysical growth state of ice particles and the large scale electric structure of electrified clouds
    • Williams E., Zhang R., Boccippio D. The microphysical growth state of ice particles and the large scale electric structure of electrified clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99:10787-10792.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10787-10792
    • Williams, E.1    Zhang, R.2    Boccippio, D.3
  • 112
    • 84925662475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: implications for cloud electrification
    • Williams E., et al. Contrasting convective regimes over the Amazon: implications for cloud electrification. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:D20. 10.1029/2001JD000380.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107
    • Williams, E.1
  • 113
    • 7044224871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islands as miniature continents: another look at the land-ocean lightning contrast
    • Williams E.R., Chan T., Boccippio D. Islands as miniature continents: another look at the land-ocean lightning contrast. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:D16206. 10,1029/2003JD003833.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Williams, E.R.1    Chan, T.2    Boccippio, D.3
  • 114
    • 23144459831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics conditions favorable to superlative thunderstorm updraft, mixed phase microphysics and lightning flash rate
    • Williams E.R., Mushtak V.C., Rosenfeld D., Goodman S.J., Boccippio D.J. Thermodynamics conditions favorable to superlative thunderstorm updraft, mixed phase microphysics and lightning flash rate. Atmos. Res. 2005, 76:288-306. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.009.
    • (2005) Atmos. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 288-306
    • Williams, E.R.1    Mushtak, V.C.2    Rosenfeld, D.3    Goodman, S.J.4    Boccippio, D.J.5
  • 115
    • 85027956171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional distribution and diurnal variation of deep convective systems over the Asian monsoon region
    • Wu X.K., Qie X., Yuan T. Regional distribution and diurnal variation of deep convective systems over the Asian monsoon region. Sci. China Earth Sci. 2013, 56:843-854.
    • (2013) Sci. China Earth Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 843-854
    • Wu, X.K.1    Qie, X.2    Yuan, T.3
  • 116
    • 27144470613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generalization of CAPE into potential-energy convertibility
    • Yano J., Chaboureau J., Guichard F. A generalization of CAPE into potential-energy convertibility. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 131:861-875.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 861-875
    • Yano, J.1    Chaboureau, J.2    Guichard, F.3
  • 117
    • 71949119133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on lightning activity and precipitation characteristics before and after the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon
    • Yuan T., Qie X. Study on lightning activity and precipitation characteristics before and after the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D14101. 10.1029/2007JD009382.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Yuan, T.1    Qie, X.2
  • 118
    • 79951937220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of aerosol enhancement of lightning activity and convective invigoration
    • Yuan T., Remer L.A., Pickering K.E., Yu H. Observational evidence of aerosol enhancement of lightning activity and convective invigoration. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L04701. 10.1029/2010GL046052.
    • (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.38
    • Yuan, T.1    Remer, L.A.2    Pickering, K.E.3    Yu, H.4
  • 119
    • 36448986828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective quasi-equilibrium in mid-latitude continental environment and its effect on convective parameterization
    • Zhang G. Convective quasi-equilibrium in mid-latitude continental environment and its effect on convective parameterization. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:4220. 10.1029/2001JD001005.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 4220
    • Zhang, G.1
  • 120
    • 2342529019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industrial emissions cause extreme urban ozone diurnal variability
    • Zhang R., Lei W., Tie X., Hess P. Industrial emissions cause extreme urban ozone diurnal variability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101(17):6346-6350.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.101 , Issue.17 , pp. 6346-6350
    • Zhang, R.1    Lei, W.2    Tie, X.3    Hess, P.4
  • 121
    • 0008532572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the variation of hail cloud system and its cloud to ground lightning in the east part of Gansu province
    • Zhou Y.J., Zhang Y.J., Qie X.S., Wang H.B. The relationship between the variation of hail cloud system and its cloud to ground lightning in the east part of Gansu province. Plateau Meteorol. (Chinese version) 1999, 18(2):236-244.
    • (1999) Plateau Meteorol. (Chinese version) , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 236-244
    • Zhou, Y.J.1    Zhang, Y.J.2    Qie, X.S.3    Wang, H.B.4
  • 122
    • 0036189883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation in the convective weather system in China
    • Zhou Y., Qie X., Soula S. A study of the relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation in the convective weather system in China. Ann. Geophys. 2002, 20:107-113.
    • (2002) Ann. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 107-113
    • Zhou, Y.1    Qie, X.2    Soula, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.