Trends of Convective Available Potential Energy over the Indian region and its effect on rainfall

International Journal of Climatology

Volumn 32, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1362-1372

  Murugavel, P ^a   Pawar, S D ^a   Gopalakrishnan, V ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Convective Available Potential Energy; Indian monsoon rainfall; Low level mixing ratio; Upper level temperature

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY; CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY; CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGIES; DAILY RAINFALL; HIMALAYAS; INDIAN MONSOON RAINFALL; LARGE-SCALE DYNAMICS; LONG-TERM CHANGES; LOWER TROPOSPHERE; MIXING RATIOS; MONSOON CIRCULATIONS; MONSOON RAINFALL; MONSOON SEASON; POST-MONSOON; POTENTIAL INDICATORS; PRE-MONSOON; RADIOSONDE DATAS; RAINFALL PATTERNS; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL; THERMODYNAMIC CONDITIONS; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; CLIMATE CHANGE; MOISTURE DETERMINATION; POTENTIAL ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE;

RAIN;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; CLIMATE CHANGE; MOISTURE CONTENT; MONSOON; POTENTIAL ENERGY; RADIOSONDE; RAINFALL; THERMODYNAMICS; TROPOSPHERE;

INDIA;

EID: 84863627561     PISSN: 08998418     EISSN: 10970088     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/joc.2359     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Adams DK, Souza EP. 2009. CAPE and Convective Events in the Southwest during the North American Monsoon. Monsoon Weather Review DOI:10.1175/2008MWR2502.1.
2. Alappattu DP, Kunhikrishnan PK. 2009. Premonsoon estimates of convective available potential energy over the oceanic region surrounding the Indian subcontinent. Journal of Geophysical Research 114: D08108, DOI:10.1029/2008JD011521.
3. Bawiskar SM. 2009. Weakening of lower tropospheric temperature gradient between Indian landmass and neighboring oceans and its impact on Indian monsoon. Journal of Earth System Science 118: 273-280.
4. Bhat GS. 2001. Near surface atmospheric characteristics over the North Bay of Bengal during the Indian summer monsoon. Geophysical Research Letters 28: 987-990, DOI:10.1029/2000GL012455.
5. Bhat GS, Srinivasan J, Gadgil S. 1996. Tropical deep convection, convective available potential energy and sea surface temperature. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 74: 155-166.
6. Boksoon M, Nielsen-Gammon JW. 2010. Sensitivity of Monthly Convective Precipitation to Environmental Conditions. Journal of Climate DOI:10.1175/2009JCLI2792.1.
7. Brown RG, Bretherton CS. 1997. A test of the strict quasi-equilibrium theory on long time and space scales. Journal of Atmospheric Science 54: 624-638.
8. DeMott CA, Randall DA. 2004. Observed variations of tropical convective available potential energy. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: D02102, DOI:10.1029/2003JD003784.
9. Emanuel KA. 1979. Inertial instability and mesoscale convective systems. Part I: Linear theory of inertial instability. Journal of Atmospheric Science 36: 2425-2449.
10. Emanuel KA. 1988. Toward a general theory for hurricanes. American Scientist 76: 370-379.
11. Emanuel KA. 1987. An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations in the tropics. Journal of Atmospheric Science 44: 2324-2340.
12. Emanuel KA. 1993. The effect of convective response time onWISHE modes. Journal of Atmospheric Science 50: 1763-1775.
13. Emanuel KA, Neelin JD, Bretherton CS. 1994. On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 120: 1111-1143.
14. Früh B, Wirth V. 2007. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in mixed phase cloud conditions. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 133: 561-569.
15. Gettelman A, Seidel DJ, Wheeler MC, Ross RJ. 2002. Multidecadal trends in tropical convective available potential energy. Journal of Geophysical Research 107: 4606, DOI:10.1029/2001JD001082.
16. Goswami BB, Mukhopadhyay P, Mahanta R, Goswami BN. 2010. Multiscale interaction with Topography and Extreme Rainfall Events in the North-East Indian region. Journal of Geophysical Research 115:DOI:10.1029/2009JD012275, D12114.
17. Goswami BN, Venugopal V, Sengupta D, Madhusoodanan MS, Xavier PK. 2006. Increasing trend of Extreme Rain Events over India in a Warming Environment. Science 314(5804): 1442-1445.
18. Joseph PV, Simon A. 2005. Weakening trend of southwest monsoon current through Peninsular India from 1950 to present. Current Science 89(4): 687-694.
19. Khole M, De US. 2001. A study of thermodynamics of the atmosphere in the equatorial and southern hemispheric region. Vayu Mandal 31: 94-97.
20. Lau KM, Kim KM. 2010. Fingerprinting the impacts of aerosols on long term trends of the Indian summer monsoon regional rainfall. Geophysical Research Letters 37: L16705, DOI:10.1029/ 2010GL043255.
21. McBride JL, Frank WM. 1999. Relationships between stability and monsoon convection. Journal of Atmospheric Science 56: 24-36.
22. Monkam D. 2002. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) in Northern Africa and tropical Atlantic and study of its connections with rainfall in Central and West Africa during Summer 1985. Atmospheric Research 62: 125-147.
23. Murthy BS, Sivaramakrishnan S. 2006. Moist convective instability over the Arabian Sea during the Asian summer monsoon 2002. Meteorological Applications 13(1): 63-72, DOI:10.1017/ S135048270500201X.
24. Neelin JD, Held IM, Cook KH. 1987. Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency variability in the tropical atmosphere. Journal of Atmospheric Science 44: 2341-2348.
25. Pattanaik DR, Rajeevan M. 2010. Variability of extreme rainfall events over India during southwest monsoon season. Meteorological Applications 17: 88-104.
26. Pawar SD, Murugavel P, Gopalakrishnan V. 2010. Anomalous electric field changes and high flash rate beneath a thunderstorm in northeast India. Journal of Earth System Science 119: 617-625.
27. Peppler RA, Lamb PJ. 1989. Tropospheric static stability and central north american growing season rainfall. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 117: 1156-1180.
28. Rajeevan M, Bhate J, Kale JD, Lal B. 2006. High resolution daily gridded rainfall data for the Indian region: analysis of break and active monsoon spells. Current Science 91: 296-306.
29. Ramesh Kumar MR, Krishnan R, Sankar S, Unnikrishnan AS, Pai DS. 2009. Increasing trend of 'Break-Monsoon' conditions over India-Role of ocean atmosphere processes in the Indian Ocean. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 6(2): 332-336.
30. Riemann-Campe K, Fraedrich K, Lunkeit F. 2008. Global climatology of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Convective Inhibition (CIN) in ERA-40 reanalysis. Atmospheric Research DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.09.037.
31. Roy Bowmik SK, Roy SS, Kundu PK. 2008. Analysis of large-scale conditions associated with convection over the Indian monsoon region. International Journal of Climatology 28: 797-821.
32. Sobel AH, Yuter SE, Bretherton CS, Kiladis GN. 2004. Large-scale meteorology and deep convection during TRMM KWAJEX. Monsoon Weather Review 132: 422-444.
33. Thompkins AM, Craig GC. 1998. Radiative-convective equilibrium in a three-dimensional cloud-ensemble model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 124: 2073-2097.
34. Thompson RM Jr, Payne SW, Recker EE, Reed RJ. 1979. Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the intertropical convergence zone of the eastern Atlantic. Journal of Atmospheric Science 36: 53-72.
35. Williams ER, Renno N. 1993. An analysis of the conditional instability of the tropical atmosphere. Monsoon Weather Review 121: 21-36.
36. Williams ER, Rutledge SA, Geotis SC, Renno N, Asmussen E, Rickenbach T. 1992. A radar and electrical study of tropical hot tower. Journal of Atmospheric Science 49: 1386-1395.
37. Xu K, Emanuel KA. 1989. Is the tropical atmosphere conditionally unstable? Monsoon Weather Review 117: 1471-1479.
38. Yano J, Chaboureau J, Guichard F. 2005. A generalization of CAPE into potential-energy convertibility. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 131: 861-875.
39. Yano J, Emanuel KA. 1991. An improved model of the equatorial troposphere and its coupling with the stratosphere. Journal of Atmospheric Science 48: 377-389.
40. Zawadzki I, Torlaschi E, Sauvageau R. 1981. The relationship between mesoscale thermodynamic variables and convective precipitation. Journal of Atmospheric Science 38: 1535-1540.
41. Zhang G. 2002. Convective quasi-equilibrium in midlatitude continental environment and its effect on convective parameterization. Journal of Geophysical Research 107: 4220, DOI:10.1029/ 2001JD001005.