메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1635-1647

Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment

(47)  Duplissy, J a   Enghoff, M B b   Aplin, K L c   Arnold, F d   Aufmhoff, H d   Avngaard, M b   Baltensperger, U e   Bondo, T b   Bingham, R c   Carslaw, K f   Curtius, J g   David, A a   Fastrup, B h   Gagne S i   Hahn, F a   Harrison, R G j   Kellett, B c   Kirkby, J a   Kulmala, M i   Laakso, L i   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL FORMATION; CLOUD DROPLET; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GROWTH RATE; IONIZATION; NUCLEATION; PARTICLE SIZE; SULFURIC ACID; THRESHOLD;

EID: 76749101127     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-1635-2010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (84)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0001131970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computer-controlled Gerdien atmospheric ion counter
    • Aplin, K. L. and Harrison, R. G.: A computer-controlled Gerdien atmospheric ion counter, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 71(8), 3037-3041, 2000.
    • (2000) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.71 , Issue.8 , pp. 3037-3041
    • Aplin, K.L.1    Harrison, R.G.2
  • 3
    • 0000108447 scopus 로고
    • Formation and evolution of nuclei of condensation that appear in air initially free of aerosols
    • Bricard, J., Billard, F., and Madelain, G.: Formation and evolution of nuclei of condensation that appear in air initially free of aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 4487-4496, 1968.
    • (1968) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.73 , pp. 4487-4496
    • Bricard, J.1    Billard, F.2    Madelain, G.3
  • 4
    • 85036775135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switzerland
    • Carbagas, Gümligen, Switzerland, available online at: http://www. carbagas.ch/, 2009.
    • (2009) Carbagas Gümligen
  • 5
    • 0037195628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic rays, clouds, and climate
    • Carslaw, K. S., Harrison, R. G., and Kirkby, J.: Cosmic rays, clouds, and climate, Science, 298, 1732-1737, 2002.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1732-1737
    • Carslaw, K.S.1    Harrison, R.G.2    Kirkby, J.3
  • 6
    • 85036800236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the link between cosmic rays and clouds with a cloud chamber at the CERN PS, CERN-SPSC-2000-021, CERN-SPSC-2000-030, CERN-SPSC-2000-2041
    • CLOUD Collaboration: A study of the link between cosmic rays and clouds with a cloud chamber at the CERN PS, CERN-SPSC-2000-021, CERN-SPSC-2000-030, CERN-SPSC-2000-2041, available online at: http://cloud.web.cern.ch/cloud/, 2000.
    • (2000) CLOUD Collaboration
  • 8
    • 27744502076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: Eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland
    • Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T., Aalto, P. P., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiälä, Finland, Boreal Env. Res., 10, 323-336, 2005.
    • (2005) Boreal Env. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 323-336
    • Dal Maso, M.1    Kulmala, M.2    Riipinen, I.3    Wagner, R.4    Hussein, T.5    Aalto, P.P.6    Lehtinen, K.E.J.7
  • 9
    • 0037101747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic ray-induced aerosol-formation: First observational evidence from aircraft-based ion mass spectrometer measurements in the upper troposphere
    • Eichkorn, S., Wilhelm, S., Aufmhoff, H., Wohlfrom, K. H., and Arnold, F.: Cosmic ray-induced aerosol-formation: First observational evidence from aircraft-based ion mass spectrometer measurements in the upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1698, 43.1-43.4, 2002.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.1698 , pp. 431-434
    • Eichkorn, S.1    Wilhelm, S.2    Aufmhoff, H.3    Wohlfrom, K.H.4    Arnold, F.5
  • 10
    • 50949118188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation-a review
    • Enghoff, M. B. and Svensmark, H., The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation-a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/4911/2008/.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 4911-4923
    • Enghoff, M.B.1    Svensmark, H.2
  • 13
    • 0000722863 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration eines Apparates zur absoluten Mes-sung der elektrischen Leitfähigheit der Luft
    • Gerdien, H.: Demonstration eines Apparates zur absoluten Mes-sung der elektrischen Leitfähigheit der Luft, Phys. Zeitung, 6, 800-801, 1905.
    • (1905) Phys. Zeitung , vol.6 , pp. 800-801
    • Gerdien, H.1
  • 14
    • 27144508347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressure-dependent efficiency of a condensation particle counter operated with FC-43 as working fluid
    • Hermann, M., Adler, S., Caldow, R., Stratmann, F., and Wieden-sohler, A.: Pressure-dependent efficiency of a condensation particle counter operated with FC-43 as working fluid, J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 1322-1337, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1322-1337
    • Hermann, M.1    Adler, S.2    Caldow, R.3    Stratmann, F.4    Wieden-Sohler, A.5
  • 15
    • 27744519630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual and size dependent variation of growth rates and ion concentrations in boreal forest
    • Hirsikko, A., Laakso, L., Hörrak, U., Aalto, P. P., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Annual and size dependent variation of growth rates and ion concentrations in boreal forest, Boreal Env. Res., 10, 357-369, 2005.
    • (2005) Boreal Env. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 357-369
    • Hirsikko, A.1    Laakso, L.2    Hörrak, U.3    Aalto, P.P.4    Kerminen, V.-M.5    Kulmala, M.6
  • 16
    • 43449084636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating nanoparticle growth rates from size-dependent charged fractions: Analysis of new particle formation events in Mexico City
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009260
    • Iida, K., Stolzenburg, M. R., McMurry, P. H., and Smith, J. N. Estimating nanoparticle growth rates from size-dependent charged fractions: analysis of new particle formation events in Mexico City, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05207, doi:10.1029/2007JD009260, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Iida, K.1    Stolzenburg, M.R.2    McMurry, P.H.3
  • 19
    • 33750519250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol nucleation over oceans and the role of galactic cosmic rays
    • Kazil, J., Lovejoy, E. R., Barth, M. C., and O'Brien, K.: Aerosol nucleation over oceans and the role of galactic cosmic rays, At-mos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4905-4924, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/4905/2006/.
    • (2006) At-mos. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 4905-4924
    • Kazil, J.1    Lovejoy, E.R.2    Barth, M.C.3    O'Brien, K.4
  • 20
    • 49849096356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric new particle formation and the role of ions
    • Kazil, J., Harrison, R. G., and Lovejoy, E. R.: Tropospheric new particle formation and the role of ions, Sp. Sci. Rev., 137, 241-255, 2008.
    • (2008) Sp. Sci. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 241-255
    • Kazil, J.1    Harrison, R.G.2    Lovejoy, E.R.3
  • 21
    • 0002046808 scopus 로고
    • Charge equilibrium in aerosols according to the Boltzmann law
    • Keefe, D., Nolan, P. J., and Rich, T. A.: Charge equilibrium in aerosols according to the Boltzmann law, Proc. Royal Irish Acad., 60, 27-45, 1959.
    • (1959) Proc. Royal Irish Acad. , vol.60 , pp. 27-45
    • Keefe, D.1    Nolan, P.J.2    Rich, T.A.3
  • 22
    • 41549106703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic rays and climate
    • Kirkby, J.: Cosmic rays and climate, Surv. Geophys., 28, 333-375, 2007.
    • (2007) Surv. Geophys. , vol.28 , pp. 333-375
    • Kirkby, J.1
  • 26
    • 33847650427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting charging state of ultra-fine particles: Instrumental development and ambient measurements
    • Laakso, L., Gagné, S., Petäjä, T., Hirsikko, A., Aalto, P. P., Kulmala, M., and Kerminen, V.-M.: Detecting charging state of ultra-fine particles: instrumental development and ambient measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1333-1345, 2007, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/1333/2007/.
    • (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.7 , pp. 1333-1345
    • Laakso, L.1    Gagné, S.2    Petäjä, T.3    Hirsikko, A.4    Aalto, P.P.5    Kulmala, M.6    Kerminen, V.-M.7
  • 27
    • 69949101301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 as a trigger of new particle formation. Part 2: Comparison of ambient and laboratory measurements, and atmospheric implications
    • 4 as a trigger of new particle formation. Part 2: Comparison of ambient and laboratory measurements, and atmospheric implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7255-7264, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/7255/2008/.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 7255-7264
    • Laaksonen, A.1    Kulmala, M.2    Berndt, T.3
  • 29
    • 36148942466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature
    • doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880
    • Lockwood, M. and Fröhlich, K.: Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, doi:10.1098/rspa.2007.1880, 2447-2460, 2007.
    • (2007) Proc. Roy. Soc. A , pp. 2447-2460
    • Lockwood, M.1    Fröhlich, K.2
  • 33
    • 76749152167 scopus 로고
    • Gaseous sulfuric-acid and sulfur-dioxide measurements in the Arctic troposphere and lower stratosphere-implications for hydroxyl radical abundances, Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellschaft
    • Möhler, O., and Arnold, F.: Gaseous sulfuric-acid and sulfur-dioxide measurements in the Arctic troposphere and lower stratosphere-implications for hydroxyl radical abundances, Berichte Der Bunsen-Gesellschaft, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 96, 3, 280-283, 1992.
    • (1992) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , vol.96 , Issue.3 , pp. 280-283
    • Möhler, O.1    Arnold, F.2
  • 34
    • 0001538194 scopus 로고
    • On the production of nitric oxide by cosmic rays in the mesosphere and stratosphere
    • Nicolet, M.: On the production of nitric oxide by cosmic rays in the mesosphere and stratosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 23, 637-649, 1975.
    • (1975) Planet. Space Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 637-649
    • Nicolet, M.1
  • 35
    • 68249149177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can cosmic rays affect cloud condensation nuclei by altering new particle formation rates?
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL037946
    • Pierce, J. R. and Adams, P. J.: Can cosmic rays affect cloud condensation nuclei by altering new particle formation rates?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09820, doi:10.1029/2009GL037946, 2009.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Pierce, J.R.1    Adams, P.J.2
  • 36
    • 36449005913 scopus 로고
    • 4 +M: Measurement of the rate constant and products identification
    • 4 +M: measurement of the rate constant and products identification, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 7399-7407, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.101 , pp. 7399-7407
    • Reiner, T.1    Arnold, F.2
  • 37
    • 76749092975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic rays and Earth's atmospheric processes: A review
    • Siingh, D.: Cosmic rays and Earth's atmospheric processes: a review, Earth Science India, 1, 108-134, 2008.
    • (2008) Earth Science India , vol.1 , pp. 108-134
    • Siingh, D.1
  • 38
    • 27844489105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of ionization produced by fast charged particles in gases
    • Smirnov, I.: Modeling of ionization produced by fast charged particles in gases, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 554, 474-493, 2005.
    • (2005) Nucl. Inst. Meth. A , vol.554 , pp. 474-493
    • Smirnov, I.1
  • 39
    • 0001471110 scopus 로고
    • The effect of particle precipitation events on the neutral and ion chemistry of the middle atmosphere: II. Odd hydrogen
    • Solomon, S., Rusch, D. W., Gérard, J.-C., Reid, G. C., and Crutzen, P. J.: The effect of particle precipitation events on the neutral and ion chemistry of the middle atmosphere: II. Odd hydrogen, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 8, 885-893, 1981.
    • (1981) Planet. Space Sci. , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 885-893
    • Solomon, S.1    Rusch, D.W.2    Gérard, J.-C.3    Reid, G.C.4    Crutzen, P.J.5
  • 40
    • 0031431792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation of cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage-A missing link in solar-climate relationships
    • Svensmark, H. and Friis-Christensen, E.: Variation of cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage-A missing link in solar-climate relationships, J. Atm. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 1225-1232, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Atm. Sol. Terr. Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 1225-1232
    • Svensmark, H.1    Friis-Christensen, E.2
  • 41
    • 34547490558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for the role of ions in particle nucleation under atmospheric conditions
    • Svensmark, H., Pedersen, J. O. P., Marsh, N. D., Enghoff, M. B., and Uggerhøj, U. I.: Experimental evidence for the role of ions in particle nucleation under atmospheric conditions, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 463, 385-396, 2007.
    • (2007) Proc. Roy. Soc. A , vol.463 , pp. 385-396
    • Svensmark, H.1    Pedersen, J.O.P.2    Marsh, N.D.3    Enghoff, M.B.4    Uggerhøj, U.I.5
  • 42
    • 12344319470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation tool for atmospheric aerosol nucleation bursts
    • Tammet, H. and Kulmala, M.: Simulation tool for atmospheric aerosol nucleation bursts, J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 173-196, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 173-196
    • Tammet, H.1    Kulmala, M.2
  • 43
    • 33747719372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors of air ion balance in a coniferous forest according to measurements in Hyytiala, Finland
    • Tammet, H., Hõrrak, U., Laakso, L., and Kulmala, M.: Factors of air ion balance in a coniferous forest according to measurements in Hyytiälä, Finland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3377-3390, 2006, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/3377/2006/. (Pubitemid 44272964)
    • (2006) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , vol.6 , Issue.11 , pp. 3377-3390
    • Tammet, H.1    Horrak, U.2    Laakso, L.3    Kulmala, M.4
  • 44
    • 34250863501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere: Full modeling and practical applications
    • DOI 10.1029/2006JD007150
    • Usoskin, I. G. and Kovaltsov, G. A.: Cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere: Full modeling and practical applications, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21206, doi:10.1029/2006JD007150, 2006. (Pubitemid 46978600)
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres , vol.111 , Issue.21
    • Usoskin, I.G.1    Kovaltsov, G.A.2
  • 45
    • 0021557792 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the role of radon and its daughter products in the conversion of sulphur dioxide into aerosol particles in the atmosphere
    • Vohra, K. G., Subba Ramu, M. C., and Muraleedharan, T. S.: An experimental study of the role of radon and its daughter products in the conversion of sulphur dioxide into aerosol particles in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 18, 1653-1656, 1984.
    • (1984) Atmos. Environ. , vol.18 , pp. 1653-1656
    • Vohra, K.G.1    Subba Ramu, M.C.2    Muraleedharan, T.S.3
  • 46
    • 0024029306 scopus 로고
    • An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range
    • Wiedensohler, A.: An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range, J. Aerosol Sci., 19, 387-389, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 387-389
    • Wiedensohler, A.1
  • 49
    • 43749094935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols
    • Yu, F., Wang, Z., Luo, G., and Turco, R.: Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2537-2554, 2008, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/2537/2008/.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 2537-2554
    • Yu, F.1    Wang, Z.2    Luo, G.3    Turco, R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.